<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>类固醇诱导的股骨头骨坏死增强的 Elastic Tape 大鼠模型

<ol>
	<li>Konarski, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Avascular+necrosis+of+femoral+head-overview+and+current+state+of+the+art.">Avascular necrosis of femoral head-overview and current state of the art.</a> Inl J Environ Res Public Health. 19 (12), 7348 (2022).</li><li>Tan, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epidemiological+study+based+on+China+osteonecrosis+of+the+femoral+head+database.">Epidemiological study based on China osteonecrosis of the femoral head database.</a> Ortho Surg. 13 (1), 153-160 (2020).</li><li>Algarni, A. D., Al Moallem, H. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+and+radiological+outcomes+of+extracorporeal+shock+wave+therapy+in+early-stage+femoral+head+osteonecrosis.">Clinical and radiological outcomes of extracorporeal shock wave therapy in early-stage femoral head osteonecrosis.</a> Adv Ortho. 2018, 7410246 (2018).</li><li>Huang, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chinese+herbal+Huo-Gu+formula+for+the+treatment+of+steroid-associated+osteonecrosis+of+femoral+head:+A+14-year+follow-up+of+convalescent+SARS+patients.">Chinese herbal Huo-Gu formula for the treatment of steroid-associated osteonecrosis of femoral head: A 14-year follow-up of convalescent SARS patients.</a> J Ortho Transl. 23, 122-131 (2020).</li><li>Tomaru, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concentrated+autologous+bone+marrow+aspirate+transplantation+versus+conservative+treatment+for+corticosteroid-associated+osteonecrosis+of+the+femoral+head+in+systemic+lupus+erythematosus.">Concentrated autologous bone marrow aspirate transplantation versus conservative treatment for corticosteroid-associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head in systemic lupus erythematosus.</a> J Rural Med. 16 (1), 1-7 (2021).</li><li>Wu, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prognostic+analysis+of+different+morphology+of+the+necrotic-viable+interface+in+osteonecrosis+of+the+femoral+head.">Prognostic analysis of different morphology of the necrotic-viable interface in osteonecrosis of the femoral head.</a> Int Ortho. 42 (1), 133-139 (2018).</li><li>Troy, K. L. R., Lundberg, H. J., Conzemius, M. G., Brown, T. 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A., Zhang, Y., Wayne, J. S., Farber, C. R., Donahue, H. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+limb+immobilization+model+for+bone+loss+from+unloading.">Single limb immobilization model for bone loss from unloading.</a> J Biomech. 83, 181-189 (2019).</li><li>Gadomski, B. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Partial+gravity+unloading+inhibits+bone+healing+responses+in+a+large+animal+model.">Partial gravity unloading inhibits bone healing responses in a large animal model.</a> J Biomech. 47 (12), 2836-2842 (2014).</li><li>Peng, P., Nie, Z., Sun, F., Peng, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glucocorticoids+induce+femoral+head+necrosis+in+rats+through+the+ROS/JNK/c-Jun+pathway.">Glucocorticoids induce femoral head necrosis in rats through the ROS/JNK/c-Jun pathway.</a> FEBS Open bio. 11 (1), 312-321 (2021).</li><li>Yan, Y. Q., Pang, Q. J., Xu, R. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+erythropoietin+for+precaution+of+steroid-induced+femoral+head+necrosis+in+rats.">Effects of erythropoietin for precaution of steroid-induced femoral head necrosis in rats.</a> BMC Musculoskel Dis. 19, 1-7 (2018).</li><li>Dean, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Are+rats+short-sighted?+Effects+of+stimulus+distance+and+size+on+visual+detection.">Are rats short-sighted? Effects of stimulus distance and size on visual detection.</a> Quat J Exp Psychol Sec B. 33 (2), 69-76 (1981).</li><li>Fu, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proper+mechanical+stress+promotes+femoral+head+recovery+from+steroid-induced+osteonecrosis+in+rats+through+the+OPG/RANK/RANKL+system.">Proper mechanical stress promotes femoral head recovery from steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rats through the OPG/RANK/RANKL system.</a> BMC Musculoskel Dis. 21, 281 (2020).</li><li>Wan, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+glucocorticoids+on+miRNA+expression+spectrum+of+rat+femoral+head+microcirculation+endothelial+cells.">Effect of glucocorticoids on miRNA expression spectrum of rat femoral head microcirculation endothelial cells.</a> Gene. 651, 126-133 (2018).</li><li>Alahmari, K. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+Kinesio+taping+on+cervical+proprioception+in+athletes+with+mechanical+neck+pain-a+placebo-controlled+trial.">The effect of Kinesio taping on cervical proprioception in athletes with mechanical neck pain-a placebo-controlled trial.</a> BMC Musculoskel Dis. 21, 1-9 (2020).</li><li>Shidara, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strain-specific+differences+in+the+development+of+bone+loss+and+incidence+of+osteonecrosis+following+glucocorticoid+treatment+in+two+different+mouse+strains.">Strain-specific differences in the development of bone loss and incidence of osteonecrosis following glucocorticoid treatment in two different mouse strains.</a> J Ortho Transl. 16, 91-101 (2019).</li><li>Lv, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+model+of+traumatic+femoral+head+necrosis+in+rats+developed+by+microsurgical+technique.">A novel model of traumatic femoral head necrosis in rats developed by microsurgical technique.</a> BMC Musculoskel Dis. 23 (1), 374 (2022).</li><li>Yu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Icariin+promotes+angiogenesis+in+glucocorticoid-induced+osteonecrosis+of+femoral+heads:+In+vitro+and+in+vivo+studies.">Icariin promotes angiogenesis in glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral heads: In vitro and in vivo studies.</a> J Cell Mol Med. 23 (11), 7320-7330 (2019).</li><li>Kim, H. K., Morgan Bagley, S., Kostenuik, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RANKL+inhibition:+a+novel+strategy+to+decrease+femoral+head+deformity+after+ischemic+osteonecrosis.">RANKL inhibition: a novel strategy to decrease femoral head deformity after ischemic osteonecrosis.</a> J Bone Mine Res. 21 (12), 1946-1954 (2006).</li><li>Weinstein, R. S., Jilka, R. L., Parfitt, A. M., Manolagas, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+osteoblastogenesis+and+promotion+of+apoptosis+of+osteoblasts+and+osteocytes+by+glucocorticoids.+Potential+mechanisms+of+their+deleterious+effects+on+bone.">Inhibition of osteoblastogenesis and promotion of apoptosis of osteoblasts and osteocytes by glucocorticoids. Potential mechanisms of their deleterious effects on bone.</a> J Clin Invest. 102 (2), 274-282 (1998).</li><li>Kapfer, S. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The effects of hyperbaric exposure on bone cell activity in the rat: implications for the pathogenesis of dysbaric osteonecrosis. , (1995).</li><li>Jiang, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Puerarin+facilitates+osteogenesis+in+steroid-induced+necrosis+of+rabbit+femoral+head+and+osteogenesis+of+steroid-induced+osteocytes+via+miR-34a+upregulation.">Puerarin facilitates osteogenesis in steroid-induced necrosis of rabbit femoral head and osteogenesis of steroid-induced osteocytes via miR-34a upregulation.</a> Cytokine. 143, 155512 (2021).</li><li>Peng, P., Nie, Z., Sun, F., Peng, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glucocorticoids+induce+femoral+head+necrosis+in+rats+through+the+ROS/JNK/c-Jun+pathway.">Glucocorticoids induce femoral head necrosis in rats through the ROS/JNK/c-Jun pathway.</a> FEBS Open bio. 11 (1), 312-321 (2021).</li><li>Chen, C. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glucocorticoid-induced+loss+of+beneficial+gut+bacterial+extracellular+vesicles+is+associated+with+the+pathogenesis+of+osteonecrosis.">Glucocorticoid-induced loss of beneficial gut bacterial extracellular vesicles is associated with the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis.</a> Sci Adv. 8 (15), 8335 (2022).</li><li>Gorios Filho, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+model+study+of+ischemic+necrosis+induction+of+the+growing+femoral+head.">Experimental model study of ischemic necrosis induction of the growing femoral head.</a> Acta Ortop Bras. 30 (2), e247996 (2022).</li><li>Wilson, F. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+field+study+of+histologic+and+bacteriologic+characterization+of+femoral+head+separation+and+femoral+head+necrosis.">A field study of histologic and bacteriologic characterization of femoral head separation and femoral head necrosis.</a> Avian Dis. 64 (4), 571-581 (2020).</li><li>Fan, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparisons+of+emu+necrotic+femoral+head+micro+structure+repaired+in+two+different+methods.">Comparisons of emu necrotic femoral head micro structure repaired in two different methods.</a> Acta Acad Med Sinicae. 38 (1), 16-21 (2016).</li><li>Naito, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Femoral+head+necrosis+and+osteopenia+in+stroke-prone+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats+(SHRSPs).">Femoral head necrosis and osteopenia in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSPs).</a> Bone. 14 (5), 745-753 (1993).</li><li>Omokawa, S., Tamai, S., Ohneda, Y., Mizumoto, S., Yamamoto, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+histopathological+study+on+the+femoral+head+necrosis+in+spontaneously+hypertensive+rats+(SHR).">A histopathological study on the femoral head necrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).</a> Nihon Seikeigeka Gakkai Zasshi. 66 (1), 69-82 (1992).</li></ol>

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			<td>15ml centrifuge tube</td>
			<td>Corning,USA</td>
			<td>430791</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5mm stainless steel bead</td>
			<td>Gelisen,China</td>
			<td>5mm</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid</td>
			<td>Merck KGaA, Germany</td>
			<td>64-19-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anhydrous alcohol</td>
			<td>Merck KGaA, Germany</td>
			<td>64-17-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>clay</td>
			<td>Mincai stationery,China</td>
			<td>102</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverslip</td>
			<td>Servicebio,China</td>
			<td>WMWD-1818</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flat pressure bottle 10ml</td>
			<td>BEHNCKE,China</td>
			<td>MD10ml</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formic acid</td>
			<td>Macklin Biochemical&#160;,China</td>
			<td>64-18-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HE staining kit</td>
			<td>Solarbio,China</td>
			<td>G1120</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>HistoCore AUTOCUT</td>
			<td>Leica, Germany</td>
			<td>149AUTO00C1</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Kinesio tape (elastic therapeutic tape)</td>
			<td>Fuluo medicine,China</td>
			<td>CL1819</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lipopolysaccharide</td>
			<td>Solarbio,China</td>
			<td>L8880</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)</td>
			<td>Selleck,USA</td>
			<td>S7850&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Manual carbon dioxide euthanasia box</td>
			<td>Yuyan,China</td>
			<td>LC-500-S1</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Methylprednisolone&#160;sodium succinate,MPS</td>
			<td>AbMole,China</td>
			<td>M25573</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>MicroCT</td>
			<td>&#160;Hiscan,China</td>
			<td>&#160;Hiscan VM Pro</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Neutral resin</td>
			<td>Beijing Zhongshan Golden Bridge Biotechnology l&#160;,China</td>
			<td>ZLI-9555</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Paraffin</td>
			<td>Servicebio,China</td>
			<td>WGHB-319213129</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Servicebio,China</td>
			<td>G1101-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Potassium chloride</td>
			<td>Macklin Biochemical&#160;,China</td>
			<td>&#160;7447-40-7</td>
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			<td>Slide</td>
			<td>Servicebio,China</td>
			<td>WG6012</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td>Treadmill for Rats and&#160; mice</td>
			<td>Litc Life Science,USA</td>
			<td>801</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Macklin Biochemical&#160;,China</td>
			<td>&#160;1330-20-7</td>
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tension-free weight-bearing model of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head in rats

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>作者聚焦:开发用于负重干预的大鼠模型以研究股骨头骨坏死

类固醇诱导大鼠股骨头骨坏死的无张力负重模型

Unlike humans, rats are animals that walk on all fours, while humans are bipedal animals that stand, and the hips are subjected to tremendous pressure ...

tension-free-weight-bearing-model-steroid-induced-osteonecrosis

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Tension-Free Weight-Bearing Model of Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of Femoral Head in Rats

414 次观看.  Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. 我们主要开发了用于负重干预的大鼠模型，以研究负重运动对股骨头骨坏死的作用。目前，大多数型号都是非负重型号。然而，股骨头骨坏死的进展可能与负重运动有关。实际上，将重物固定在大鼠身上非常困难，因为大多数方法都严重限制了它们的力矩，从而无法达到负重锻炼的目的。

视频: 作者聚焦:开发用于负重干预的大鼠模型以研究股骨头骨坏死

A Contusion Model of Severe Spinal Cord Injury in Rats

The translational potential of novel treatments should be investigated in severe spinal cord injury (SCI) contusion models. A detailed methodology is described to obtain a consistent model of severe SCI. Use of a stereotactic frame and computer controlled impactor allows for creation of reproducible injury. Hypothermia and urinary tract infection pose significant challenges in the post-operative period. Careful monitoring of animals with daily weight recording and bladder expression allows for early detection of post-operative complications. The functional results of this contusion model are equivalent to transection models. The contusion model can be utilized to evaluate the efficacy of both neuroprotective and neuroregenerative approaches.

A contusion model of severe spinal cord injury is described. Detailed pre-operative, operative and post-operative steps are described to obtain a consistent model.

挫伤模型脊髓严重损伤的保护作用

The translational potential of novel treatments should be investigated in severe spinal cord injury (SCI) contusion models. A detailed methodology is ...

科研

医学

A Simple Critical-sized Femoral Defect Model in Mice

While bone has a remarkable capacity for regeneration, serious bone trauma often results in damage that does not properly heal. In fact, one tenth of all limb bone fractures fail to heal completely due to the extent of the trauma, disease, or age of the patient. Our ability to improve bone regenerative strategies is critically dependent on the ability to mimic serious bone trauma in test animals, but the generation and stabilization of large bone lesions is technically challenging. In most cases, serious long bone trauma is mimicked experimentally by establishing a defect that will not naturally heal. This is achieved by complete removal of a bone segment that is larger than 1.5 times the diameter of the bone cross-section. The bone is then stabilized with a metal implant to maintain proper orientation of the fracture edges and allow for mobility. 
Due to their small size and the fragility of their long bones, establishment of such lesions in mice are beyond the capabilities of most research groups. As such, long bone defect models are confined to rats and larger animals. Nevertheless, mice afford significant research advantages in that they can be genetically modified and bred as immune-compromised strains that do not reject human cells and tissue.
Herein, we demonstrate a technique that facilitates the generation of a segmental defect in mouse femora using standard laboratory and veterinary equipment. With practice, fabrication of the fixation device and surgical implantation is feasible for the majority of trained veterinarians and animal research personnel. Using example data, we also provide methodologies for the quantitative analysis of bone healing for the model.

Animal models are frequently employed to mimic serious bone injury in biomedical research. Due to their small size, establishment of stabilized bone lesions in mice are beyond the capabilities of most research groups. Herein, we describe a simple method for establishing and analyzing experimental femoral defects in mice.

一个简单的临界尺寸股骨缺损模型小鼠

While bone has a remarkable capacity for regeneration, serious bone trauma often results in damage that does not properly heal. In fact, one tenth of all ...

Murine Model of Femoral Artery Wire Injury with Implantation of a Perivascular Drug Delivery Patch

Percutaneous interventions including balloon angioplasty and stenting have been used to restore blood flow in vessels with occlusive vascular disease. While these therapies lead to the rapid restoration of blood flow, these technologies remain limited by restenosis in the case of bare metal stents and angioplasty, or reduced healing and possibly enhanced risk of thrombosis in the case of drug eluting stents. A key pathophysiological mechanism in the formation of restenosis is intimal hyperplasia caused by the activation of vascular smooth muscle cells and inflammation due to arterial stretch and injury. Surgeries that induce arterial injury in genetically modified mice are useful for the mechanistic study of the vascular response to injury but are often technically challenging to perform in mouse models due to the their small size and lack of appropriate sized devices. We describe two approaches for a surgical technique that induces endothelial denudation and arterial stretch in the femoral artery of mice to produce robust neointimal hyperplasia. The first approach creates an arteriotomy in the muscular branch of the femoral artery to obtain vascular access. Following wire injury this arterial branch is ligated to close the arteriotomy. A second approach creates an arteriotomy in the main femoral artery that is later closed through localized cautery. This method allows for vascular access through a larger vessel and, consequently, provides a less technically demanding procedure that can be used in smaller mice. Following either method of arterial injury, a degradable drug delivery patch can be placed over or around the injured artery to deliver therapeutic agents.

We describe a surgical technique that produces wire injury in the femoral artery of mice to induce neointimal hyperplasia to serve as a model testing system for the perivascular delivery of therapeutic compounds for the inhibition of restenosis.

股动脉线损伤的小鼠模型的血管周围给药补丁植入

Percutaneous interventions including balloon angioplasty and stenting have been used to restore blood flow in vessels with occlusive vascular disease. ...

A Murine Model of Arterial Restenosis: Technical Aspects of Femoral Wire Injury

Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the developed world. Narrowing of the vessel lumen, due to atherosclerotic plaque development or the rupturing of established plaques, interrupts normal blood flow leading to various morbidities such as myocardial infarction and stroke. In the clinic endovascular procedures such as angioplasty are commonly performed to reopen the lumen. However, these treatments inevitably damage the vessel wall as well as the vascular endothelium, triggering an excessive healing response and the development of a neointimal plaque that extends into the lumen causing vessel restenosis (re-narrowing). Restenosis remains a major cause of failure of endovascular treatments for atherosclerosis. Thus, preclinical animal models of restenosis are vitally important for investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms as well as translational approaches to vascular interventions. Among several murine experimental models, femoral artery wire injury is widely accepted as the most suitable for studies of post-angioplasty restenosis because it closely resembles the angioplasty procedure that injures both endothelium and vessel wall. However, many researchers have difficulty utilizing this model due to its high degree of technical difficulty. This is primarily because a metal wire needs to be inserted into the femoral artery, which is approximately three times thinner than the wire, to generate sufficient injury to induce prominent neointima. Here, we describe the essential surgical details to effectively overcome the major technical difficulties of this model. By following the presented procedures, performing the mouse femoral artery wire injury becomes easier. Once familiarized, the whole procedure can be completed within 20 min.

The mouse femoral artery wire injury model of restenosis is technically challenging. In this protocol we show the key technical details essential for successfully performing wire injury to induce consistent&#160;neointima for studies of restenosis.

动脉再狭窄小鼠模型:股导线损伤的技术方面

Cardiovascular disease caused by atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in the developed world. Narrowing of the vessel lumen, due to ...

Establishment of a Segmental Femoral Critical-size Defect Model in Mice Stabilized by Plate Osteosynthesis

The use of tissue-engineered bone constructs is an appealing strategy to overcome drawbacks of autografts for the treatment of massive bone defects. As a model organism, the mouse has already been widely used in bone-related research. Large diaphyseal bone defect models in mice, however, are sparse and often use bone fixation which fills the bone marrow cavity and does not provide optimal mechanical stability. The objectives of the current study were to develop a critical-size, segmental, femoral defect in nude mice. A 3.5-mm mid-diaphyseal femoral ostectomy (approximately 25% of the femur length) was performed using a dedicated jig, and was stabilized with an anterior located locking plate and 4 locking screws. The bone defect was subsequently either left empty or filled with a bone substitute (syngenic bone graft or coralline scaffold). Bone healing was monitored noninvasively using radiography and in vivo micro-computed-tomography and was subsequently assessed by ex vivo micro-computed-tomography and undecalcified histology after animal sacrifice, 10 weeks postoperatively. The recovery of all mice was excellent, a full-weight-bearing was observed within one day following the surgical procedure. Furthermore, stable bone fixation and consistent fixation of the implanted materials were achieved in all animals tested throughout the study. When the bone defects were left empty, non-union was consistently obtained. In contrast, when the bone defects were filled with syngenic bone grafts, bone union was always observed. When the bone defects were filled with coralline scaffolds, newly-formed bone was observed in the interface between bone resection edges and the scaffold, as well as within a short distance within the scaffold. 
The present model describes a reproducible critical-size femoral defect stabilized by plate osteosynthesis with low morbidity in mice. The new load-bearing segmental bone defect model could be useful for studying the underlying mechanisms in bone regeneration pertinent to orthopaedic applications.

Although mouse models are invaluable tools for bone tissue engineering, models of long bone defects are sparse. This need motivated development of the present protocol which uses a locking plate with four screws and a dedicated jig to perform and stabilize a reproducible, femoral, critical-size defect with low morbidity.

在小鼠节段性股临界尺寸缺陷模型的建立接骨板稳定

The use of tissue-engineered bone constructs is an appealing strategy to overcome drawbacks of autografts for the treatment of massive bone defects. As a ...

A Repetitive Concussive Head Injury Model in Mice

Despite the concussion/ mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) being the most frequent occurrence of traumatic brain injury, there is still a lack of knowledge on the injury and its effects. To develop a better understanding of concussions, animals are often used because they provide a controlled, rigorous, and efficient model. Studies have adapted traditional animal models to perform mTBI to stimulate mild injury severity by changing the injury parameters. These models have been used because they can produce morphologically similar brain injuries to the clinical condition and provide a spectrum of injury severities. However, they are limited in their ability to present the identical features of injuries in patients. Using a traditional impact system, a repetitive concussive injury (rCHI) model can induce mild to moderate human-like concussion. The injury degree can be determined by measuring the period of loss of consciousness (LOC) with a sign of a transient termination of breathing. The rCHI model is beneficial to use for its accuracy and simplicity in determining mTBI effects and potential treatments.

Concussion presents the most common type of traumatic brain injury. Therefore, a repetitive concussive animal model, which replicates the important features of an injury in patients, may provide a means to study concussion in a rigorous, controlled, and efficient manner.

重复震荡颅脑损伤模型小鼠

Despite the concussion/ mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) being the most frequent occurrence of traumatic brain injury, there is still a lack of ...

Ultrasound Assessment of Flow-Mediated Dilation of the Brachial and Superficial Femoral Arteries in Rats

Arterial vasodilation to increases in wall shear rate is indicative of vascular endothelial function. In humans, the non-invasive measurement of endothelial function can be achieved by employing the flow-mediated dilation technique, typically performed in the brachial or superficial femoral artery. Briefly, a blood pressure cuff placed distal to an ultrasound probe is inflated to a suprasystolic pressure, which results in limb ischemia. After 5 min of occlusion the cuff is deflated, resulting in reactive hyperemia and increases in wall shear rate that signal vasodilatory molecules to be released from the endothelium eliciting vasodilation. Despite the thousands of studies performing flow-mediated dilation in humans, surprisingly, no studies have performed this technique non-invasively in living rats. Considering the recent shift in focus to translational research, the establishment of guidelines for non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in rats and other rodents would be extremely valuable. In the following article, a protocol is presented for the non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in brachial and superficial femoral arteries of rats, as those sites are most commonly measured in humans.

Non-invasive assessment of endothelial function in humans can be determined by the flow-mediated dilation technique. Although thousands of studies have used this technique, no study has performed this technique non-invasively in rats. The following article describes non-invasive measurement of flow-mediated dilation in the brachial and superficial femoral arteries of rats.

肱血流介导的扩张和大鼠股浅动脉超声评估

Arterial vasodilation to increases in wall shear rate is indicative of vascular endothelial function. In humans, the non-invasive measurement of ...

Isometric Contractility Measurement of the Mouse Mesenteric Artery Using Wire Myography

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and drugs. It is widely used in many studies on the physiological functions of vascular smooth muscle, the pathogenesis of vascular diseases such as hypertension, and the development of smooth muscle relaxant drugs. The mouse is a widely used model animal with a large pool of disease models and genetically modified strains. We introduced this method to measure the isometric contraction of mouse mesenteric artery in detail. A 1.4-mm segment of mouse mesenteric resistance artery was isolated and mounted on a myograph chamber by passing two steel wires through its lumen. After equilibration and normalization steps, the vessel segment was potentiated by a high-K+ solution twice prior to the contraction assay. As an example of the application of this method in drug development, we measured the relaxant effect of a novel natural substance, neoliensinine, isolated from a Chinese herb, embryos of the lotus seed (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) on mouse mesenteric arteries. The vessel segments mounted on the myograph chamber were stimulated with a high-K+ solution. When the force tension reached a stable sustained phase, cumulative doses of neoliensinine were added to the chamber. We found that neoliensinine had a dose-dependent relaxant effect on smooth muscle contraction, thus suggesting that it bears potential activity against hypertension. In addition, as the vessel segment can survive at least 4 hours after mounting and maintain contractility induced by the high-K+ solution for many times, we suggest that the wire myograph system may be used for the time-consuming process of drug screening.

The wire myograph technique is used to investigate vascular smooth muscle functions and screen new drugs. We report a detailed protocol for measuring the isometric contractility of the mouse mesenteric artery and for screening new relaxants of vascular smooth muscle.

用线 Myography 测定小鼠肠系膜动脉的等轴收缩力

The wire myograph technique is used to assess the contractility of vascular smooth muscles in response to depolarization, GPCR agonists/inhibitors and ...

The Generation of Closed Femoral Fractures in Mice: A Model to Study Bone Healing

Bone fractures impose a tremendous socio-economic burden on patients, in addition to significantly affecting their quality of life. Therapeutic strategies that promote efficient bone healing are non-existent and in high demand. Effective and reproducible animal models of fractures healing are needed to understand the complex biological processes associated with bone regeneration. Many animal models of fracture healing have been generated over the years; however, murine fracture models have recently emerged as powerful tools to study bone healing. A variety of open and closed models have been developed, but the closed femoral fracture model stands out as a simple method for generating rapid and reproducible results in a physiologically relevant manner. The goal of this surgical protocol is to generate unilateral closed femoral fractures in mice and facilitate a post-fracture stabilization of the femur by inserting an intramedullary steel rod. Although devices such as a nail or a screw offer greater axial and rotational stability, the use of an intramedullary rod provides a sufficient stabilization for consistent healing outcomes without producing new defects in the bone tissue or damaging nearby soft tissue. Radiographic imaging is used to monitor the progression of callus formation, bony union, and subsequent remodeling of the bony callus. Bone healing outcomes are typically associated with the strength of the healed bone and measured with torsional testing. Still, understanding the early cellular and molecular events associated with fracture repair is critical in the study of bone tissue regeneration. The closed femoral fracture model in mice with intramedullary fixation serves as an attractive platform to study bone fracture healing and evaluate therapeutic strategies to accelerate healing.

The murine closed femoral fracture model is a powerful platform to study fracture healing and novel therapeutic strategies to accelerate bone regeneration. The goal of this surgical protocol is to generate unilateral closed femoral fractures in mice using an intramedullary steel rod to stabilize the femur.

小鼠闭合性股骨骨折的形成: 骨愈合模型的研究

Bone fractures impose a tremendous socio-economic burden on patients, in addition to significantly affecting their quality of life. Therapeutic strategies ...

Preparation of Decellularized Kidney Scaffolds in Rats

Tissue engineering is a cutting-edge discipline in biomedicine. Cell culture techniques can be applied for regeneration of functional tissues and organs to replace diseased or damaged organs. Scaffolds are needed to facilitate the generation of three-dimensional organs or tissues using differentiated stem cells in vivo. In this report, we describe a novel method for developing vascularized scaffolds using decellularized rat kidneys. Eight-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study, and heparin was injected into the heart to facilitate flow into the renal vessels, allowing heparin to perfuse into the renal vessels. The abdominal cavity was opened, and the left kidney was collected. The collected kidneys were perfused for 9 h using detergents, such as Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate, to decellularize the tissue. Decellularized kidney scaffolds were then gently washed with 1% penicillin/streptomycin and heparin to remove cellular debris and chemical residues. Transplantation of stem cells with the decellularized vascular scaffolds is expected to facilitate the generation of new organs. Thus, the vascularized scaffolds may provide a foundation for tissue engineering of organ grafts in the future.

This protocol introduces a method to develop a scaffold using decellularized rat kidneys. The protocol includes decellularization and recellularization processes to confirm bioavailability. Decellularization is performed using Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate.

在大鼠中准备去细胞化肾脏脚手架

Tissue engineering is a cutting-edge discipline in biomedicine. Cell culture techniques can be applied for regeneration of functional tissues and organs ...