Jian Li

Suction blister epidermal grafting using a modified suction method in the treatment of stable vitiligo: a retrospective study.

Co-inheritance of β- and δ-thalassemia compromising prenatal screening in a Chinese couple seeking prevention.

Virgatolides A-C, benzannulated spiroketals from the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis virgatula.

An economic assessment of astaxanthin production by large scale cultivation of Haematococcus pluvialis.

Decreased mortality in acute pancreatitis related to early aggressive hydration.

ARFGAP1 promotes AP-2-dependent endocytosis.

Identification of chromosome aberrations in sporadic microsatellite stable and unstable colorectal cancers using array comparative genomic hybridization.

A three-dimensional pharmacophore model for IMPDH inhibitors.

Wingspan Stent for High-Grade Symptomatic Vertebrobasilar Artery Atherosclerotic Stenosis.

Identifying Rare and Subtle Behaviours: A Weakly Supervised Joint Topic Model.

Activities of colistin- and minocycline-based combinations against extensive drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from intensive care unit patients.

Butane-1,4-diaminium 2-(meth-oxy-carbon-yl)benzoate dihydrate.

4-(2-Amino-phen-yl)-10-oxa-4-aza-tricyclo-[5.2.1.0]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione.

Methanaminium 3,4,5,6-tetra-chloro-2-(meth-oxy-carbon-yl)benzoate.

Propan-1-aminium 3,4,5,6-tetra-chloro-2-(meth-oxy-carbon-yl)benzoate.

16-Isopropyl-5,9-dimethyl-tetra-cyclo-[10.2.2.0.0]hexa-dec-15-ene-5,14-dimethanol.

Performance and scalability of Fourier domain optical coherence tomography acceleration using graphics processing units.

Use of UV-C treatment to inhibit the microbial growth and maintain the quality of Yali pear.

Regulation of gene expression in human tendinopathy.

RTEF-1, an upstream gene of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, accelerates recovery from ischemia.

Effects of oligochitosan on postharvest Alternaria rot, storage quality, and defense responses in Chinese jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Mill. cv. Dongzao) fruit.

Comparison of the planning target volume based on three-dimensional CT and four-dimensional CT images of non-small-cell lung cancer.

[Effects of sericine on TGF-beta1/Smad3 signal pathway of diabetic mephropathy rats kidney].

Analysis of environmental endocrine disrupting activities in wastewater treatment plant effluents using recombinant yeast assays incorporated with exogenous metabolic activation system.

[Porcine anti-human lymphocyte globulin plus cyclosporine A therapy for severe aplastic anemia].

Anterior corpectomy and reconstruction with titanium mesh cage and dynamic cervical plate for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in elderly osteoporosis patients.

Correlation of sex hormone and androgen receptor with diabetes mellitus in elderly men.

Overexpression of miR-22 reverses paclitaxel-induced chemoresistance through activation of PTEN signaling in p53-mutated colon cancer cells.

Syntheses of spirocyclic oxindole-butenolides by using three-component cycloadditions of isocyanides, allenoates, and isatins.

DNA methylation in peripheral blood cells of pigs cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer.

[Construction of replication-deficient recombinant adenovirus vector with hTFPI-2 gene by AdMax system and expression in U937 monocytes in vitro].

[Relationship between post-stenting coronary thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow and plasma von Willebrand factor and ADAMTS-13 levels in patients with ST segment elevation myocardial infarction].

[The diagnosis and treatment of Colorectal Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 32 cases].

Design and synthesis of small molecule RhoA inhibitors: a new promising therapy for cardiovascular diseases?

Induction of programmed cell death in Arabidopsis and rice by single-wall carbon nanotubes.

Effect of monochromatic light on melatonin secretion and arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase mRNA expression in the retina and pineal gland of broilers.

Effect of varying the length of soft-tissue grafts in the tibial tunnel in a canine anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction model.

Comparative studies of de novo assembly tools for next-generation sequencing technologies.

Assessment of primary cancers in GH-treated adult hypopituitary patients: an analysis from the Hypopituitary Control and Complications Study.

Small-molecule anticancer compounds selectively target the hemopexin domain of matrix metalloproteinase-9.

Helicobacter pylori induces promoter hypermethylation and downregulates gene expression of IRX1 transcription factor on human gastric mucosa.

Anti-oxidative and TNF-α suppressive activities of puerarin derivative (4AC) in RAW264.7 cells and collagen-induced arthritic rats.

Observations of cell size dynamics under osmotic stress.

Temperature effect on electrospinning of nanobelts: the case of hafnium oxide.

Galanin antagonist increases insulin resistance by reducing glucose transporter 4 effect in adipocytes of rats.

Biochemical characterization of deblocking aminopeptidases from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1.

Probing waveforms and adaptive receivers for active sonar.

Ezetimibe restores biliary cholesterol excretion in mice expressing Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 only in liver.

Linkage maps from multiple genetic crosses and loci linked to growth-related virulent phenotype in Plasmodium yoelii.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization on plant extended chromatin DNA fibers for single-copy and repetitive DNA sequences.

Overexpression of AtBMI1C, a polycomb group protein gene, accelerates flowering in Arabidopsis.

Divergent activities of osteogenic BMP2, and tenogenic BMP12 and BMP13 independent of receptor binding affinities.

Melatonin attenuates colistin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.

[Spectralsignatures of nickel and vanadium supported photocatalysts and their photocatalytic properties].

SIRT3-dependent deacetylation exacerbates acetaminophen hepatotoxicity.

Efficient Expression of Bioactive Human Leptin in Escherichia coli in Soluble Fusion Form.

Chinese Culture, Homosexuality Stigma, Social Support and Condom Use: A Path Analytic Model.

Multidisciplinary management of congenitally missing teeth with osseointegrated dental implants: a long-term report.

Role of insulin receptors in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary bypass.

Antibacterial polyketides from the jellyfish-derived fungus Paecilomyces variotii.

Genetic association study of common mitochondrial variants on body fat mass.

[Triterpenoid saponins of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb].

Cyclo-hexa-naminium 3,4,5,6-tetra-chloro-2-(meth-oxy-carbon-yl)benzoate.

2-Hy-droxy-ethanaminium 3,4,5,6-tetra-bromo-2-(meth-oxy-carbon-yl)benzoate methanol monosolvate.

2-Methyl-propan-2-aminium 3,4,5,6-tetra-bromo-2-(meth-oxy-carbon-yl)benzoate methanol monosolvate.

(E)-3-(1-Methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-one.

2-Methyl-anilinium 3,4,5,6-tetra-bromo-2-(meth-oxy-carbon-yl)benzoate methanol monosolvate.

Hexane-1,6-diaminium bis-[3,4,5,6-tetra-chloro-2-(meth-oxy-carbon-yl)benzoate].

16-Isopropyl-5,9-dimethyl-tetra-cyclo-[10.2.2.0.0]hexa-dec-15-ene-5,13,14-trimethanol ethanol monosolvate.

Propan-1-aminium 3,4,5,6-tetra-bromo-2-(meth-oxy-carbon-yl)benzoate N,N-dimethyl-formamide monosolvate.

Psychometric assessment of scales measuring HIV public stigma, drug-use public stigma and fear of HIV infection among young adolescents and their parents.

Interleukin 17A promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via NF-kB induced matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 expression.

Correction of Rabbit Model With Mandibular Ramus Shortening by Distraction Osteogenesis at Condylar Neck.

Anti-inflammatory amino acid derivatives from the ascidian Herdmania momus.

Aortic aneurysm generation in mice with targeted deletion of integrin-linked kinase in vascular smooth muscle cells.

[Investigation on bookstore block-printed editions of Zheng He Ben Cao in Ming Dynasty].

Hypoglycemic effects and constituents of the barks of Cyclocarya paliurus and their inhibiting activities to glucosidase and glycogen phosphorylase.

Multi-input multi-output underwater communications over sparse and frequency modulated acoustic channels.

Copy number variation in CNP267 region may be associated with hip bone size.

ENOS-G894T polymorphism is a risk factor for essential hypertension in China.

Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14)-mediated cancer cell migration.

Phenotypic variability in a chinese family with nondeletional Hb H-Hb Quong Sze disease.

Early prenatal diagnosis of thalassemia: the first report of experience in mainland China.

Generation of protective immune responses against coxsackievirus B3 challenge by DNA prime-protein boost vaccination.

The antibacterial peptide ABP-CM4: the current state of its production and applications.

Effects of borneol on the intestinal transport and absorption of two P-glycoprotein substrates in rats.

The in vivo contribution of motor neuron TrkB receptors to mutant SOD1 motor neuron disease.

Effect of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on toll-like receptors in patients with severe multiple trauma.

Self-assembly of copper and cobalt complexes with hierarchical size and catalytic properties for hydroxylation of phenol.

Oxidative coupling of porphyrins using copper(II) salts.

Growth suppression effects of recombinant adenovirus expressing human lactoferrin on cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo.

Dosing of colistin-back to basic PK/PD.

Low birth weight and elevated head-to-abdominal circumference ratio are associated with elevated fetal glycated serum protein concentrations.

Protective effects of diosmetin extracted from Galium verum L. on the thymus of U14-bearing mice.

GPR50 interacts with TIP60 to modulate glucocorticoid receptor signalling.

Microcystic meningioma presenting as a cystic lesion with an enhancing mural nodule in elderly women: report of three cases.

Use of array CGH to detect exonic copy number variants throughout the genome in autism families detects a novel deletion in TMLHE.

[Determination of silver content in silver-loaded coral hydroxyapatite in relation to the biocompatibility].

The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine promotes atherosclerotic plaque stabilization through suppression of RAGE, MMPs and NF-κB in ApoE-deficient mice.

Clinically relevant plasma concentrations of colistin in combination with imipenem enhance pharmacodynamic activity against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa at multiple inocula.

The high mitotic count detected by phospho-histone H3 immunostain does not alter the benign behavior of angiocentric glioma.

A role for protein kinase casein Kinase2 α-subunits in the Arabidopsis circadian clock.

Induction of specific immune response and suppression of fertility by B-cell-epitope-based mimovirus vaccine.

Differential roles of human striatum and amygdala in associative learning.

Synergistic killing of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa at multiple inocula by colistin combined with doripenem in an in vitro pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model.

Ancient antimicrobial peptides kill antibiotic-resistant pathogens: Australian mammals provide new options.

Computational methods for epigenetic analysis: the protocol of computational analysis for modified methylation-specific digital karyotyping based on massively parallel sequencing.

[Short-term clinical observation of modified resin-bonded fixed partial denture utilizing tooth undercuts].

A new malaria antigen produces partial protection against Plasmodium yoelii challenge.

Behavioral and neural properties of social reinforcement learning.

[Method and effectiveness of arthroscopic debridement for treating gouty arthritis of the knee].

Complexation of 1,4-bis(pyridinium)butanes by negatively charged carboxylatopillar[5]arene.

Effect of colistin exposure and growth phase on the surface properties of live Acinetobacter baumannii cells examined by atomic force microscopy.

Novel neutral guest recognition and interpenetrated complex formation from pillar[5]arenes.

[Effects of reduced solar radiation on winter wheat flag leaf net photosynthetic rate].

Genome-wide association study identifies HMGN3 locus for spine bone size variation in Chinese.

Cohesin selectively binds and regulates genes with paused RNA polymerase.

Long-range massively parallel mate pair sequencing detects distinct mutations and similar patterns of structural mutability in two breast cancer cell lines.

Psychometric assessment of HIV/STI sexual risk scale among MSM: a Rasch model approach.

Preliminary study on the mechanism of acupoint injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in improving blood flow in the rat of hind limb ischemia.

Temporal dissection of tumorigenesis in primary cancers.

Synthesis and anti-tumor activities of N'-benzylidene-2-(4-oxothieno[2,3-d]pyrimidin-3(4H)-yl)acetohydrazone derivatives.

Salinomycin can effectively kill ALDH(high) stem-like cells on gastric cancer.

Ankylosis of temporomandibular joint after the traumatic brain injury: a report of two cases.

Oscillatory-like relaxation behavior of light transmitted through ferrofluids.

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor homolog from Plasmodium yoelii modulates monocyte recruitment and activation in spleen during infection.

Suppression of pain and joint destruction by inhibition of the proteasome system in experimental osteoarthritis.

C-reactive protein promotes adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells via NADPH oxidase-mediated oxidative stress.

Comparison of gene expression and genome-wide DNA methylation profiling between phenotypically normal cloned pigs and conventionally bred controls.

Screening for mutations in the α-globin genes leading to abnormal hemoglobin variants with high resolution melting analysis.

Colistin-resistant, lipopolysaccharide-deficient Acinetobacter baumannii responds to lipopolysaccharide loss through increased expression of genes involved in the synthesis and transport of lipoproteins, phospholipids, and poly-β-1,6-N-acetylglucosamine.

Effects of adenovirus vectors mediated human lactoferrin cDNA on mice bearing EMT6 breast carcinoma.

Translating Human Embryonic Stem Cells from 2-Dimensional to 3-Dimensional Cultures in a Defined Medium on Laminin- and Vitronectin-Coated Surfaces.

Simvastatin Suppresses Apoptosis in Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques Through Regulating the Expression of p(53), Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL.

[Periarthritis of shoulder treated with deep puncture by elongated needle combined with spike-hooked needle and cupping: a multicentral randomized controlled study].

Organ-sparing surgery for penile cancer: complications and outcomes.

High efficient expression of bioactive human BMP-14 in E. coli using SUMO fusion partner.

Synthesis of 3-substituted 1,5-aldehyde esters via an organocatalytic highly enantioselective conjugate addition of new carbonylmethyl 2-pyridinylsulfone to enals.

Hexane-1,6-diaminium bis-[3,4,5,6-tetra-bromo-2-(meth-oxy-carbon-yl)benzoate] methanol disolvate.

Loading 3-deazaneplanocin A into pegylated unilamellar liposomes by forming transient phenylboronic acid-drug complex and its pharmacokinetic features in Sprague-Dawley rats.

2-Methyl-propan-2-aminium 2-(meth-oxy-carbon-yl)benzoate.

Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, COMP, and CTX-II in patients with Kashin-Beck disease in Sichuan, China.

Glioblastoma with PNET-like components has a higher frequency of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutation and likely a better prognosis than primary glioblastoma.

Economical challenges to microbial producers of butanol: feedstock, butanol ratio and titer.

Exercise-induced galanin release facilitated GLUT4 translocation in adipocytes of type 2 diabetic rats.

Mesocavoatrial shunt for budd-Chiari syndrome: a case report with long-term follow-up.

Microautophagy: lesser-known self-eating.

Role of sexual transmission of HIV among young noninjection and injection opiate users: a respondent-driven sampling study.

Waif1/5T4 inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling and activates noncanonical Wnt pathways by modifying LRP6 subcellular localization.

Pulmonary embolism detection and characterization through quantitative iodine-based material decomposition images with spectral computed tomography imaging.

Central nervous system regulation of food intake and energy expenditure: role of galanin-mediated feeding behavior.

Characterization of the interaction between surfactants and enzymes by fluorescence probe.

Ascorbic acid protects against the nephrotoxicity and apoptosis caused by colistin and affects its pharmacokinetics.

IFN-γ and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase signaling between donor dendritic cells and T cells regulates graft versus host and graft versus leukemia activity.

Synthesis of pillar[5]arene dimers and their cooperative binding toward some neutral guests.

Gate-tuned normal and superconducting transport at the surface of a topological insulator.

Synthesis of highly functionalized chiral 3,3'-disubstituted oxindoles via an organocatalytic enantioselective Michael addition of nitroalkanes to indolylidenecyanoacetates.

Endothelial cell damage induces a blood-alveolus barrier breakdown in the development of radiation-induced lung injury.

Dual energy spectral CT imaging of insulinoma-Value in preoperative diagnosis compared with conventional multi-detector CT.

Kashin-Beck disease in Sichuan, China: report of a pilot open therapeutic trial.

The role of von Willebrand factor and ADAMTS13 in the no-reflow phenomenon: after primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Stress wave signal denoising using ensemble empirical mode decomposition and an instantaneous half period model.

An outbreak of sheep pox associated with goat poxvirus in Gansu province of China.

Osteogenic Effects of a Potent Src-over-Abl-Selective Kinase Inhibitor in the Mouse.

[Preliminary comparison research of thoracoscopy and thoracotomy lobectomy for clinical N0 and post-operatively pathological N2 non-small cell lung cancer].

[A retrospective comparative study of the safety, completeness and efficacy of video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy versus open lobectomy for non-small-cell lung cancer patients whose tumor size was greater than 5 cm].

[Impacts of different nephrostomy tubes and their fixation ways on patients with nephrolithiasis complicated with renal insufficiency after percutaneous nephrolithotomy].

Organocatalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of ketones to isatylidine malononitriles.

A Cross-sectional Study of Menthol Cigarette Preference by 14- to 15-Year-Old Smokers in New Zealand.

A role for the melatonin-related receptor GPR50 in leptin signaling, adaptive thermogenesis, and torpor.

Evaluation of sponge tray-membrane bioreactor (ST-MBR) for primary treated sewage effluent treatment.

iPSCs are transcriptionally and post-transcriptionally indistinguishable from fESCs.

Late gestational maternal serum cortisol is inversely associated with fetal brain growth.

Benzo[a]pyrene exposure influences the cardiac development and the expression of cardiovascular relative genes in zebrafish (Daniorerio) embryos.

Prehypertension in children and adolescents: association with body weight and neck circumference.

Disposition of Human Recombinant Lubricin in Naive Rats and in a Rat Model of Post-traumatic Arthritis After Intra-articular or Intravenous Administration.

Fur in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense influences magnetosomes formation and directly regulates the genes involved in iron and oxygen metabolism.

Panax notoginseng and its components decreased hypertension via stimulation of endothelial-dependent vessel dilatation.

Effect of thymosin alpha-1 on subpopulations of Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro.

High-definition computed tomography for coronary artery stent imaging: a phantom study.

Modeling of miRNA and Drug Action in the EGFR Signaling Pathway.

[Preliminary study on detection of Echinococcus granulosus DNA by loop-mediated isothermal amplification].

Embryonic exposure to benzo(a)pyrene influences neural development and function in rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus).

microRNA-21 promotes tumor proliferation and invasion in gastric cancer by targeting PTEN.

Tanshinone IIA in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia.

Normal or non-diagnostic neuroimaging studies prior to the detection of malignant primary brain tumors.

Prediction in the face of uncertainty: A Monte Carlo-based approach for systems biology of cancer treatment.

Genome-Wide Association Study of Copy Number Variants Suggests LTBP1 and FGD4 Are Important for Alcohol Drinking.

[Spectroscopic study of photocatalytic mechanism of methanol and CO2].

Psychometric properties and differential explanation of a short measure of effort-reward imbalance at work: A study of industrial workers in Germany.

Anti-HBV activities of Streblus asper and constituents of its roots.

Identification of a molecular component of the mitochondrial acetyl transferase program; a novel role for GCN5L1.

[Dandy-Walker syndrome and microdeletions on chromosome 7].

Highly effective binding of neutral dinitriles by simple pillar[5]arenes.

Structure insights into mechanisms of ATP hydrolysis and the activation of human heat-shock protein 90.

Dihydroartemisinin induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis in HepG2 human hepatoma cells.

[The relationship between the intraoperative hypothermia and the residual neuromuscular of single intubation dose of vecuronium].

[Screening of serum marker proteins in osteosarcoma and preliminary bioinformatic analysis on POLR3F].

Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment, Control, and Associated Factors in Adults in Southern China.

Quantitative ultrasound measurements of bone quality in female adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis compared to normal controls.

A highly Conserved Aspartic Acid Residue of the Chitosanase from Bacillus Sp. TS Is Involved in the Substrate Binding.

Combinatorial pharmacodynamics of polymyxin B and tigecycline against heteroresistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Transcriptomic Analysis of the Activity of a Novel Polymyxin against Staphylococcus aureus.

Polymyxin B in combination with doripenem against heteroresistant Acinetobacter baumannii: pharmacodynamics of new dosing strategies.

Acinetobacter baumannii phenylacetic acid metabolism influences infection outcome through a direct effect on neutrophil chemotaxis.

Antimicrobial Activity and Toxicity of the Major Lipopeptide Components of Polymyxin B and Colistin: Last-line Antibiotics against Multidrug-Resistant Gram-negative Bacteria.

A Hydrogel-Based Localized Release of Colistin for Antimicrobial Treatment of Burn Wound Infection.

An "Unlikely" Pair: The Antimicrobial Synergy of Polymyxin B in Combination with the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Drugs KALYDECO and ORKAMBI.

High-intensity meropenem combinations with polymyxin B: new strategies to overcome carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.

Near-Atomic Three-Dimensional Mapping for Site-Specific Chemistry of 'Superbugs'.

The Plasma Protein Binding Proteome of Ertapenem: A Novel Compound-Centric Proteomic Approach for Elucidating Drug-Plasma Protein Binding Interactions.

GlycoMine: a new bioinformatics tool for highly accurate mapping of the human N-linked and O-linked glycoproteomes by incorporating structural features.

A nanomechanical study of the effects of colistin on the Klebsiella pneumoniae AJ218 capsule.

Comparative pharmacodynamics of four different carbapenems in combination with polymyxin B against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Development of HPLC and LC-MS/MS methods for the analysis of ivacaftor, its major metabolites and lumacaftor in plasma and sputum of cystic fibrosis patients treated with ORKAMBI or KALYDECO.

Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of colistin and polymyxin B: are we there yet?

Substantial Targeting Advantage Achieved by Pulmonary Administration of Colistin Methanesulfonate in a Large-Animal Model.

From Breast Cancer to Antimicrobial: Combating Extremely Resistant Gram-Negative "Superbugs" Using Novel Combinations of Polymyxin B with Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators.

Emergence of polymyxin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria.

Dosing guidance for intravenous colistin in critically-ill patients.

Structure-based engineering of a pectate lyase with improved specific activity for ramie degumming.

Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Pulmonary Delivery of Colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Mouse Lung Infection Model.

Polymyxin B in combination with meropenem against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: pharmacodynamics and morphological changes.

High-Dose Ampicillin-Sulbactam Combinations Combat Polymyxin-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a Hollow-Fiber Infection Model.

Functional Characterization of the Unique Terminal Thioesterase Domain from Polymyxin Synthetase.

Pharmacokinetics of the Individual Major Components of Polymyxin B and Colistin in Rats.

Plasma Protein Binding Structure-Activity Relationships Related to the N-Terminus of Daptomycin.

New Polymyxin B Dosing Strategies To Fortify Old Allies in the War against KPC-2-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

A traceless reversible polymeric colistin prodrug to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria.

Rediscovering the octapeptins.

Antibiotic-non-antibiotic combinations for combating extremely drug-resistant Gram-negative 'superbugs'.

Polymyxin-resistant, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii is eradicated by a triple combination of agents that lack individual activity.

Untargeted metabolomics analysis reveals key pathways responsible for the synergistic killing of colistin and doripenem combination against Acinetobacter baumannii.

Potential Toxicity of Polymyxins in Human Lung Epithelial Cells.

Critical Need for Clarity in Polymyxin B Dosing.

Work environment: An opportunity for ground-breaking collaborations in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Pharmacodynamics of colistin and fosfomycin: a 'treasure trove' combination combats KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Pharmacodynamics of dose-escalated 'front-loading' polymyxin B regimens against polymyxin-resistant mcr-1-harbouring Escherichia coli.

Pulsed-voltage atom probe tomography of low conductivity and insulator materials by application of ultrathin metallic coating on nanoscale specimen geometry.

Aerosolized Polymyxin B for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Infections: Determination of Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Indices for Aerosolized Polymyxin B against Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Mouse Lung Infection Model.

Urinary Concentrations of Colistimethate and Formed Colistin after Intravenous Administration in Patients with Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections.

Hydrolyzable Poly[Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Methyl Ether Acrylate]-Colistin Prodrugs through Copper-Mediated Photoinduced Living Radical Polymerization.

Investigating the Interaction of Octapeptin A3 with Model Bacterial Membranes.

Polymyxin Combinations Combat Harboring and : Preparation for a Postantibiotic Era.

Polymyxins for CNS infections: Pharmacology and neurotoxicity.

Automated patterning and probing with multiple nanoscale tools for single-cell analysis.

Pulmonary Pharmacokinetics of Colistin following Administration of Dry Powder Aerosols in Rats.

The first total synthesis and solution structure of a polypeptin, PE2, a cyclic lipopeptide with broad spectrum antibiotic activity.

Production of highly stable spray dried phage formulations for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection.

Pharmacokinetic/Toxicodynamic Analysis of Colistin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients.

Gelofusine ameliorates colistin-induced nephrotoxicity.

The development and validation of a simple liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for polymyxin B1 and B2 quantification in different matrices.

Cationic Acrylate Oligomers Comprising Amino Acid Mimic Moieties Demonstrate Improved Antibacterial Killing Efficiency.

Reply to Corona and Cattaneo.

Methionine Ameliorates Polymyxin-Induced Nephrotoxicity by Attenuating Cellular Oxidative Stress.

Design and Evaluation of Novel Polymyxin Fluorescent Probes.

Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of systemically administered polymyxin B against Klebsiella pneumoniae in mouse thigh and lung infection models.

Proof-of-Principle Study in a Murine Lung Infection Model of Antipseudomonal Activity of Phage PEV20 in a Dry-Powder Formulation.

Polymyxin-Induced Lipid A Deacylation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Perturbs Polymyxin Penetration and Confers High-Level Resistance.

Elucidating the Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics of Aerosolized Colistin against Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Mouse Lung Infection Model.

A Portrait of the Sialyl Glycan Receptor Specificity of the H10 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin-A Picture of an Avian Virus on the Verge of Becoming a Pandemic?

Study of mcr-1 Gene-Mediated Colistin Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Humans and Animals in Different Countries.

Mechanism-Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Aerosolized Colistin in a Mouse Lung Infection Model.

Broad activity of diphenyleneiodonium analogues against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, malaria parasites and bacterial pathogens.

Comparative analysis of phosphoethanolamine transferases involved in polymyxin resistance across 10 clinically relevant Gram-negative bacteria.

Pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) in healthy Chinese subjects after single and multiple intravenous doses.

The inhibitory effects of eighteen front-line antibiotics on the substrate uptake mediated by human Organic anion/cation transporters, Organic anion transporting polypeptides and Oligopeptide transporters in in vitro models.

Structure, Function, and Biosynthetic Origin of Octapeptin Antibiotics Active against Extensively Drug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria.

A Proof-of-Concept Study of the Efficacy of Systemically Administered Polymyxins in Mouse Burn Wound Infection Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens.

Effect of exposure to second-hand smoke from husbands on biochemical hyperandrogenism, metabolic syndrome and conception rates in women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing ovulation induction.

Polymyxin B and fosfomycin thwart KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the hollow-fibre infection model.

Predicting Circulatory Diseases from Psychosocial Safety Climate: A Prospective Cohort Study from Australia.

Fitness cost of mcr-1-mediated polymyxin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The potentially beneficial central nervous system activity profile of ivacaftor and its metabolites.

Sputum Active Polymyxin Lipopeptides: Activity against Cystic Fibrosis Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates and Their Interactions with Sputum Biomolecules.

Polymyxin B in Combination with Enrofloxacin Exerts Synergistic Killing against Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Alterations of Metabolic and Lipid Profiles in Polymyxin-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Genome-scale metabolic modeling of responses to polymyxins in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Novel Polymyxin Combination With Antineoplastic Mitotane Improved the Bacterial Killing Against Polymyxin-Resistant Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens.

Emergence of High-Level Colistin Resistance in an Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolate Mediated by Inactivation of the Global Regulator H-NS.

Synergistic Killing of Polymyxin B in Combination With the Antineoplastic Drug Mitotane Against Polymyxin-Susceptible and -Resistant : A Metabolomic Study.

Personalizing Polymyxin B Dosing Using an Adaptive Feedback Control Algorithm.

Comparison of the composition and in vitro activity of polymyxin B products.

Controlled graphene encapsulation: a nanoscale shield for characterising single bacterial cells in liquid.

Enhanced Growth and Activities of the Dominant Functional Microbiota of Chicken Manure Composts in the Presence of Maize Straw.

Composite particle formulations of colistin and meropenem with improved in-vitro bacterial killing and aerosolization for inhalation.

Improved Physical Stability and Aerosolization of Inhalable Amorphous Ciprofloxacin Powder Formulations by Incorporating Synergistic Colistin.

Co-Delivery of Ciprofloxacin and Colistin in Liposomal Formulations with Enhanced In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities against Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Lipidomic Analysis of the Outer Membrane Vesicles from Paired Polymyxin-Susceptible and -Resistant Clinical Isolates.

A Comparative Study of Outer Membrane Proteome between Paired Colistin-Susceptible and Extremely Colistin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains.

Discovery of -Mediated Colistin Resistance in a Highly Virulent Escherichia coli Lineage.

Intracellular localization of polymyxins in human alveolar epithelial cells.

Exploiting Macromolecular Design To Optimize the Antibacterial Activity of Alkylated Cationic Oligomers.

Understanding the Impacts of Surface Compositions on the In-Vitro Dissolution and Aerosolization of Co-Spray-Dried Composite Powder Formulations for Inhalation.

Metabolic Analyses Revealed Time-Dependent Synergistic Killing by Colistin and Aztreonam Combination Against Multidrug-Resistant .

Contemporary Anti-Ebola Drug Discovery Approaches and Platforms.

Mechanistic Insights From Global Metabolomics Studies into Synergistic Bactericidal Effect of a Polymyxin B Combination With Tamoxifen Against Cystic Fibrosis MDR .

Comparative Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Reveal Multiple Pathways Associated with Polymyxin Killing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Novel Polymyxin Combination with the Antiretroviral Zidovudine Exerts Synergistic Killing against NDM-Producing Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

International Consensus Guidelines for the Optimal Use of the Polymyxins: Endorsed by the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP), European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID), Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), International Society for Anti-infective Pharmacology (ISAP), Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), and Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists (SIDP).

Storage stability of inhalable phage powders containing lactose at ambient conditions.

Colistin Use in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: Are We Underdosing Patients?

Population Pharmacokinetics of Intravenous Colistin in Pediatric Patients: Implications for the Selection of Dosage Regimens.

Dose Optimization of Colistin Combinations against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Patients with Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia in China by Using an Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model.

Metabolic Responses to Polymyxin Treatment in ATCC 19606: Integrating Transcriptomics and Metabolomics with Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling.

Effects of the antibiotic component on in-vitro bacterial killing, physico-chemical properties, aerosolization and dissolution of a ternary-combinational inhalation powder formulation of antibiotics for pan-drug resistant Gram-negative lung infections.

Global Metabolic Analyses of Acinetobacter baumannii.

iLearn: an integrated platform and meta-learner for feature engineering, machine-learning analysis and modeling of DNA, RNA and protein sequence data.

The rise and spread of plasmid-mediated polymyxin resistance.

PRISMOID: a comprehensive 3D structure database for post-translational modifications and mutations with functional impact.

A comprehensive review and performance evaluation of bioinformatics tools for HLA class I peptide-binding prediction.

Colistin for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by extremely drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Dose is critical.

Transcriptomic profiling of neural stem cell differentiation on graphene substrates.

Comparative Metabolomics Reveals Key Pathways Associated With the Synergistic Killing of Colistin and Sulbactam Combination Against Multidrug-Resistant .

Reviving Polymyxins: Achievements, Lessons and the Road Ahead.

Labelling Conventions and Product Package Insert of Parenteral Polymyxins: Factors Causing Potential Medication Errors and Impeding Optimal Clinical Use.

Mechanisms of Polymyxin-Induced Nephrotoxicity.

Polymyxin resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae: multifaceted mechanisms utilized in the presence and absence of the plasmid-encoded phosphoethanolamine transferase gene mcr-1.

Multifaceted mechanisms of colistin resistance revealed by genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from individual patients before and after colistin treatment.

The impact of backbone N-methylation on the structure-activity relationship of Leu -teixobactin.

Inhalable combination powder formulations of phage and ciprofloxacin for P. aeruginosa respiratory infections.

Evaluation of co-delivery of colistin and ciprofloxacin in liposomes using an in vitro human lung epithelial cell model.

Endocrine characteristics, body mass index and metabolic syndrome in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Metabolomics Study of the Synergistic Killing of Polymyxin B in Combination with Amikacin against Polymyxin-Susceptible and -Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Synergistic Combination of Polymyxin B and Enrofloxacin Induced Metabolic Perturbations in Extensive Drug-Resistant .

Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of teixobactin.

Inhalable liposomal powder formulations for co-delivery of synergistic ciprofloxacin and colistin against multi-drug resistant gram-negative lung infections.

Real-time in vivo imaging of regional lung function in a mouse model of cystic fibrosis on a laboratory X-ray source.

Complete genome sequence and genome-scale metabolic modelling of Acinetobacter baumannii type strain ATCC 19606.

Three-Dimensional Chemical Mapping of a Single Protein in the Hydrated State with Atom Probe Tomography.

Regulating polymyxin resistance in Gram-negative bacteria: roles of two-component systems PhoPQ and PmrAB.

Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of antipseudomonal bacteriophage therapy in rats: a proof-of-concept study.

Polymyxin Triple Combinations against Polymyxin-Resistant, Multidrug-Resistant, KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Procleave: Predicting Protease-specific Substrate Cleavage Sites by Combining Sequence and Structural Information.

Effective Strategy Targeting Polymyxin-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens: Polymyxin B in Combination with the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Sertraline.

Inhalable bacteriophage powders: Glass transition temperature and bioactivity stabilization.

The Killing Mechanism of Teixobactin against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus: an Untargeted Metabolomics Study.

Pan-transcriptomic analysis identified common differentially expressed genes of Acinetobacter baumannii in response to polymyxin treatments.

Graphene encapsulation enabled high-throughput atom probe tomography of liquid specimens.

Targeting Antibiotic Resistance: From Diagnostics to Novel Antibiotics.

Transcriptomic responses of a New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate to the combination of polymyxin B and chloramphenicol.

Optimization of inhalable liposomal powder formulations and evaluation of their in vitro drug delivery behavior in Calu-3 human lung epithelial cells.

Structure-Interaction Relationship of Polymyxins with the Membrane of Human Kidney Proximal Tubular Cells.

Polymyxin-Induced Cell Death of Human Macrophage-Like THP-1 and Neutrophil-Like HL-60 Cells Associated with the Activation of Apoptotic Pathways.

The Antimicrobial Activity of Cannabinoids.

Structure-Activity Relationships of Daptomycin Lipopeptides.

Lipid A profiling and metabolomics analysis of paired polymyxin-susceptible and -resistant MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from the same patients before and after colistin treatment.

Polymyxins Bind to the Cell Surface of Unculturable and Cause Unique Dependent Resistance.

Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by outer membrane vesicles from Gram-negative bacteria activates intrinsic apoptosis and inflammation.

Outer Membranes of Polymyxin-Resistant with Phosphoethanolamine-Modified Lipid A and Lipopolysaccharide Loss Display Different Atomic-Scale Interactions with Polymyxins.

Molecular dynamics simulations informed by membrane lipidomics reveal the structure-interaction relationship of polymyxins with the lipid A-based outer membrane of Acinetobacter baumannii.

Simulations of octapeptin-outer membrane interactions reveal conformational flexibility is linked to antimicrobial potency.

Phytantriol-Based Cubosome Formulation as an Antimicrobial against Lipopolysaccharide-Deficient Gram-Negative Bacteria.

Polymyxin B combinations with FDA-approved non-antibiotic phenothiazine drugs targeting multi-drug resistance of Gram-negative pathogens.

Agents of Last Resort: An Update on Polymyxin Resistance.

Storage stability of phage-ciprofloxacin combination powders against Pseudomonas aeruginosa respiratory infections.

Treatment of infections caused by Gram-negative pathogens: current status on the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of parenteral and inhaled polymyxins in patients.

Pharmacokinetics and Time-Kill Study of Inhaled Antipseudomonal Bacteriophage Therapy in Mice.

Metabolic Perturbations Caused by the Over-Expression of in .

Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling Reveals Metabolic Alterations of Multidrug-Resistant in a Murine Bloodstream Infection Model.

Repurposing a neurodegenerative disease drug to treat Gram-negative antibiotic-resistant bacterial sepsis.

DeepBL: a deep learning-based approach for in silico discovery of beta-lactamases.

Synergistic activity of phage PEV20-ciprofloxacin combination powder formulation-A proof-of-principle study in a P. aeruginosa lung infection model.

In vitro pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of continuous ceftazidime infusion alone and in combination with colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm.

ColistinDose, a Mobile App for Determining Intravenous Dosage Regimens of Colistimethate in Critically Ill Adult Patients: Clinician-Centered Design and Development Study.

Correction: ColistinDose, a Mobile App for Determining Intravenous Dosage Regimens of Colistimethate in Critically Ill Adult Patients: Clinician-Centered Design and Development Study.

Enhanced bacterial killing with colistin/sulbactam combination against carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Comparative metabolomics reveals key pathways associated with the synergistic activity of polymyxin B and rifampicin combination against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Acute toxicity is a dose-limiting factor for intravenous polymyxin B: A safety and pharmacokinetic study in healthy Chinese subjects.

In vitro evaluation of drug delivery behavior for inhalable amorphous nanoparticle formulations in a human lung epithelial cell model.

Evaluation Strategies for Triple-Drug Combinations against Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae in an In Vitro Hollow-Fiber Infection Model.

Rescuing the Last-Line Polymyxins: Achievements and Challenges.

Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy reveals accumulation of polymyxins in single human alveolar epithelial cells.

Comprehensive assessment of machine learning-based methods for predicting antimicrobial peptides.

Polymyxins for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections: lessons learned from the integration of clinical pharmacokinetic studies and clinical outcomes.

Sustained release of peptides and proteins from polymeric nanocarriers produced by inverse Flash NanoPrecipitation.

Synergy of the Polymyxin-Chloramphenicol Combination against New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Is Predominately Driven by Chloramphenicol.

Bacteriophage uptake by mammalian cell layers represents a potential sink that may impact phage therapy.

Clinically Relevant Concentrations of Polymyxin B and Meropenem Synergistically Kill Multidrug-Resistant and Minimize Biofilm Formation.

Visual Exploration of Large Metabolic Models.

Impact of on the Development of High Level Colistin Resistance in and .

Antibiotic pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics: where are we heading?

Coarse-grained simulations uncover Gram-negative bacterial defense against polymyxins by the outer membrane.

Spray-freeze-dried inhalable composite microparticles containing nanoparticles of combinational drugs for potential treatment of lung infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

A novel chemical biology and computational approach to expedite the discovery of new-generation polymyxins against life-threatening .

Assessing the predictive performance of population pharmacokinetic models for intravenous polymyxin B in critically ill patients.

Biophysical Impact of Lipid A Modification Caused by Mobile Colistin Resistance Gene on Bacterial Outer Membranes.

Polymyxin causes cell envelope remodelling and stress responses in mcr-1-harbouring Escherichia coli.

Silk Hydrogel Electrostatically Functionalized with a Polycationic Antimicrobial Peptide: Molecular Interactions, Gel Properties, and Antimicrobial Activity.

A polytherapy based approach to combat antimicrobial resistance using cubosomes.

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Based Breakpoints of Polymyxin B for Bloodstream Infections Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens.

Comparative metabolomics revealed key pathways associated with the synergistic killing of multidrug-resistant by a bacteriophage-polymyxin combination.

The effects of different doses of inhaled bacteriophage therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa pulmonary infections in mice.

ASPIRER: a new computational approach for identifying non-classical secreted proteins based on deep learning.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of peptide antibiotics.

Correlative proteomics identify the key roles of stress tolerance strategies in Acinetobacter baumannii in response to polymyxin and human macrophages.

Polymyxin dose tunes the evolutionary dynamics of resistance in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

Unique mechanistic insights into pathways associated with the synergistic activity of polymyxin B and caspofungin against multidrug-resistant .

Polymyxin Induces Significant Transcriptomic Perturbations of Cellular Signalling Networks in Human Lung Epithelial Cells.

A synthetic lipopeptide targeting top-priority multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens.

An Efficient Approach for the Design and Synthesis of Antimicrobial Peptide-Peptide Nucleic Acid Conjugates.

Pulmonary and systemic pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulfonate (CMS) and formed colistin following nebulisation of CMS among patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Mechanisms Underlying Synergistic Killing of Polymyxin B in Combination with Cannabidiol against : A Metabolomic Study.

Inwardly rectifying potassium channels mediate polymyxin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Novel antimicrobial agents for combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Prevalence and Molecular Characteristics of Polymyxin-Resistant in a Chinese Tertiary Teaching Hospital.

An Intelligent Diagnostic System for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Based on Facial Images.

Research priorities towards precision antibiotic therapy to improve patient care.

An Intelligent Strategy with All-Atom Molecular Dynamics Simulations for the Design of Lipopeptides against Multidrug-Resistant .

Overexpression of mcr-1 disrupts cell envelope synthesis and causes the dysregulation of carbon metabolism, redox balance and nucleic acids.

Improved Aerosolization Stability of Inhalable Tobramycin Powder Formulation by Co-Spray Drying with Colistin.

Methods of Preparing Nanoscale Vitreous Ice Needles for High-Resolution Cryogenic Characterization.

[Effect of suprarenal fixation on renal function in endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair patients].

Protective effect of rosuvastatin treatment by regulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein expression in a rat model of liver fibrosis.

TGF-β induces growth suppression in multiple myeloma MM.1S cells via E2F1.

MMP1/PAR1/SP/NK1R paracrine loop modulates early perineural invasion of pancreatic cancer cells.

The Expression of FAP in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells is Induced by Hypoxia and Correlates with Poor Clinical Outcomes.

A novel 12-marker panel of cancer-associated fibroblasts involved in progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Clonorchiasis sinensis detected by laparoscopic exploration of biliary tracts in two patients with obstructive jaundice.

Zoonotic parasites carried by invasive alien species in China.

Predictive value of intratumour inflammatory cytokine mRNA levels of hepatocellular carcinoma patients and activation of two distinct pathways govern IL-8 induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human hepatic cancer cell lines.

C14orf166 Is a Biomarker for Predicting Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Ameliorates Liver Injury and Hypoxic Hepatitis in Rat Model of CLP-Induced Sepsis.

Nuclear GAPDH is vital for hypoxia-induced hepatic stellate cell apoptosis and is indicative of aggressive hepatocellular carcinoma behavior.

Potential Five-MicroRNA Signature Model for the Prediction of Prognosis in Patients with Wilms Tumor.

HIF-2α upregulation mediated by hypoxia promotes NAFLD-HCC progression by activating lipid synthesis via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway.

A new method of near-infrared fluorescence image-guided hepatectomy for patients with hepatolithiasis: a randomized controlled trial.

The impact of liver fibrosis on microvascular invasion and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma with a solitary nodule: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database analysis.

Efficacy of Adjuvant Transarterial Chemoembolization after Radical Hepatectomy in Solitary Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients: A Retrospective Study.

RNA Helicase DDX24 Stabilizes LAMB1 to Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression.

Hsa-microRNA-370-3p targeting Snail and Twist1 suppresses IL-8/STAT3-driven hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis.

Magnesium Supplementation Stimulates Autophagy to Reduce Lipid Accumulation in Hepatocytes via the AMPK/mTOR Pathway.

Follistatin Alleviates Hepatic Steatosis in NAFLD via the mTOR Dependent Pathway.