Diese Arbeit wurde durch Zuschüsse AG030709 von NIH / NIA und 07-65798 vom California Department of Public Health unterstützt. Wir erkennen an, Margaret M. Condron für die Peptid-Synthese und Aminosäure-Analyse, Dr. Elizabeth F. Neufeld für die Hilfe und Unterstützung der ersten Schritte des Projekts, Dr. Chi-Hong Chen B. für die Bereitstellung von Unterstützung und Reagenzien und Dr. Andrew D . Ellington für hilfreiche Diskussionen.

<ol>
	<li>Monien, B. H., Apostolova, L. G., Bitan, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+diagnostics+and+therapeutics+for+Alzheimer's+disease-how+early+can+we+get+there.">Early diagnostics and therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease-how early can we get there.</a> Expert. Rev. Neurother. 6, 1293-1306 (2006).</li><li>Nestor, P. J., Scheltens, P., Hodges, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+the+early+detection+of+Alzheimer's+disease.">Advances in the early detection of Alzheimer's disease.</a> Nat. Med. 10, S34-S41 (2004).</li><li>Kawas, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+practice.+Early+Alzheimer's+disease.">Clinical practice. Early Alzheimer's disease.</a> N. Engl. J. Med. 349, 1056-1063 (2003).</li><li>Haass, C., Selkoe, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soluble+protein+oligomers+in+neurodegeneration:+lessons+from+the+Alzheimer's+amyloid+&#946;-peptide.">Soluble protein oligomers in neurodegeneration: lessons from the Alzheimer's amyloid &#946;-peptide.</a> Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 101-112 (2007).</li><li>Kirkitadze, M. D., Bitan, G., Teplow, D. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Paradigm+shifts+in+Alzheimer's+disease+and+other+neurodegenerative+disorders:+the+emerging+role+of+oligomeric+assemblies.">Paradigm shifts in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders: the emerging role of oligomeric assemblies.</a> J. Neurosci. Res. 69, 567-577 (2002).</li><li>Rahimi, F., Shanmugam, A., Bitan, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure-function+relationships+of+pre-fibrillar+protein+assemblies+in+Alzheimer's+disease+and+related+disorders.">Structure-function relationships of pre-fibrillar protein assemblies in Alzheimer's disease and related disorders.</a> Curr. Alzheimer Res. 5, 319-341 (2008).</li><li>Jayasena, S. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aptamers:+an+emerging+class+of+molecules+that+rival+antibodies+in+diagnostics.">Aptamers: an emerging class of molecules that rival antibodies in diagnostics.</a> Clin. Chem. 45, 1628-1650 (1999).</li><li>Bunka, D. H., Stockley, P. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aptamers+come+of+age+-+at+last.">Aptamers come of age - at last.</a> Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 4, 588-596 (2006).</li><li>Ellington, A. D., Szostak, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+selection+of+RNA+molecules+that+bind+specific+ligands.">In vitro selection of RNA molecules that bind specific ligands.</a> Nature. 346, 818-822 (1990).</li><li>Tuerk, C., Gold, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Systematic+evolution+of+ligands+by+exponential+enrichment:+RNA+ligands+to+bacteriophage+T4+DNA+polymerase.">Systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment: RNA ligands to bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase.</a> Science. 249, 505-510 (1990).</li><li>Lee, J. F., Stovall, G. M., Ellington, A. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aptamer+therapeutics+advance.">Aptamer therapeutics advance.</a> Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 10, 282-289 (2006).</li><li>Weiss, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA+aptamers+specifically+interact+with+the+prion+protein+PrP.">RNA aptamers specifically interact with the prion protein PrP.</a> J. Virol. 71, 8790-8797 (1997).</li><li>Bibby, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Application+of+a+novel+in+vitro+selection+technique+to+isolate+and+characterise+high+affinity+DNA+aptamers+binding+mammalian+prion+proteins.">Application of a novel in vitro selection technique to isolate and characterise high affinity DNA aptamers binding mammalian prion proteins.</a> J. Virol. Methods. 151, 107-115 (2008).</li><li>Rhie, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+2'-fluoro-RNA+aptamers+that+bind+preferentially+to+disease-associated+conformations+of+prion+protein+and+inhibit+conversion.">Characterization of 2'-fluoro-RNA aptamers that bind preferentially to disease-associated conformations of prion protein and inhibit conversion.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 278, 39697-39705 (2003).</li><li>King, D. J., Safar, J. G., Legname, G., Prusiner, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thioaptamer+interactions+with+prion+proteins:+sequence-specific+and+non-specific+binding+sites.">Thioaptamer interactions with prion proteins: sequence-specific and non-specific binding sites.</a> J. Mol. Biol. 369, 1001-1014 (2007).</li><li>Proske, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prion-protein-specific+aptamer+reduces+PrPSc+formation.">Prion-protein-specific aptamer reduces PrPSc formation.</a> ChemBioChem. 3, 717-725 (2002).</li><li>Murakami, K., Nishikawa, F., Noda, K., Yokoyama, T., Nishikawa, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anti-bovine+prion+protein+RNA+aptamer+containing+tandem+GGA+repeat+interacts+both+with+recombinant+bovine+prion+protein+and+its+&#946;+isoform+with+high+affinity.">Anti-bovine prion protein RNA aptamer containing tandem GGA repeat interacts both with recombinant bovine prion protein and its &#946; isoform with high affinity.</a> Prion. 2, 73-80 (2008).</li><li>Luhrs, T., Zahn, R., Wuthrich, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amyloid+formation+by+recombinant+full-length+prion+proteins+in+phospholipid+bicelle+solutions.">Amyloid formation by recombinant full-length prion proteins in phospholipid bicelle solutions.</a> J. Mol. Biol. 357, 833-841 (2006).</li><li>Bunka, D. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+and+characterization+of+RNA+aptamers+specific+for+amyloid+fibril+epitopes.">Production and characterization of RNA aptamers specific for amyloid fibril epitopes.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 282, 34500-34509 (2007).</li><li>Ylera, F., Lurz, R., Erdmann, V. A., Furste, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selection+of+RNA+aptamers+to+the+Alzheimer's+disease+amyloid+peptide.">Selection of RNA aptamers to the Alzheimer's disease amyloid peptide.</a> Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 290, 1583-1588 (2002).</li><li>Rahimi, F., Murakami, K., Summers, J. L., Chen, C. H., Bitan, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA+aptamers+generated+against+oligomeric+A&#946;40+recognize+common+amyloid+aptatopes+with+low+specificity+but+high+sensitivity.">RNA aptamers generated against oligomeric A&#946;40 recognize common amyloid aptatopes with low specificity but high sensitivity.</a> PLoS ONE. 4, e7694-e7694 (2009).</li><li>Bitan, G., Lomakin, A., Teplow, D. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amyloid+&#946;-protein+oligomerization:+prenucleation+interactions+revealed+by+photo-induced+cross-linking+of+unmodified+proteins.">Amyloid &#946;-protein oligomerization: prenucleation interactions revealed by photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 276, 35176-35184 (2001).</li><li>Rahimi, F., Maiti, P., Bitan, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photo-induced+cross-linking+of+unmodified+proteins+(PICUP)+applied+to+amyloidogenic+peptides.">Photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins (PICUP) applied to amyloidogenic peptides.</a> J. Vis. Exp. , (2009).</li><li>Bitan, G., Fradinger, E. A., Spring, S. M., Teplow, D. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neurotoxic+protein+oligomers-what+you+see+is+not+always+what+you+get.">Neurotoxic protein oligomers-what you see is not always what you get.</a> Amyloid. 12, 88-95 (2005).</li><li>Bitan, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+study+of+metastable+amyloidogenic+protein+oligomers+by+photo-induced+cross-linking+of+unmodified+proteins.">Structural study of metastable amyloidogenic protein oligomers by photo-induced cross-linking of unmodified proteins.</a> Methods Enzymol. 413, 217-236 (2006).</li><li>Chen, C. H., Chernis, G. A., Hoang, V. Q., Landgraf, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+heregulin+signaling+by+an+aptamer+that+preferentially+binds+to+the+oligomeric+form+of+human+epidermal+growth+factor+receptor-3.">Inhibition of heregulin signaling by an aptamer that preferentially binds to the oligomeric form of human epidermal growth factor receptor-3.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 100, 9226-9231 (2003).</li><li>Adams, D. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Lab math: a handbook of measurements, calculations, and other quantitative skills for use at the bench. , (2003).</li><li>Gopinath, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+developed+for+SELEX.">Methods developed for SELEX.</a> Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 387, 171-182 (2007).</li><li>Takahashi, T., Tada, K., Mihara, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA+aptamers+selected+against+amyloid+&#946;-peptide+(A&#946;)+inhibit+the+aggregation+of+A&#946;.">RNA aptamers selected against amyloid &#946;-peptide (A&#946;) inhibit the aggregation of A&#946;.</a> Mol. Biosyst. 5, 986-991 (2009).</li></ol>

Der Ausgangspunkt des SELEX-Verfahrens ist die Synthese eines zufälligen Oligonukleotid-Bibliothek, die typischerweise 10 12 -10 15 Sequenzen. In DNA SELEX, diese Bibliothek direkt verwendet wird nach einer ssDNA-Pool generiert wird, während in RNA SELEX, hier demonstriert, ist die ssDNA-Bibliothek erst konvertiert, um ein RNA-Pool enzymatisch durch in-vitro-Transkription. Dann wird SELEX iterativ, wobei jeder Zyklus umfasst Belichtung und Bindung von Oligonukleotiden an das beabsichtigt...

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		<thead>
		<tr>
		<th>Material Name</th>
		<th>Type</th>
		<th>Company</th>
		<th>Catalogue Number</th>
		<th>Comment</th>
		</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
		
<tr>
<td>A&beta;40</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>UCLA Biopolymers Laboratory</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Lyophilized powder</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>MX5 Automated-S Microbalance</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Mettler Toledo</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Silicon-coated, 1.6-ml tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Denville Scientific</td>
<td>C19033 or C19035</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>TCI America</td>
<td>H0424</td>
<td>Use in a fume hood.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Ammonium persulfate</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>A-7460</td>
<td>Vortex until the solution is clear. APS is prepared freshly each time and should be used within 48 h.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Tris(2,2-bipridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) hexahydrate</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>224758-1G</td>
<td>Vortex until the solution is clear. Cover the RuBpy tube with foil to protect the reagent from ambient light. RuBpy is prepared freshly each time and should be used within 48 h.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Dithiothreitol (DTT)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>43815</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>D-Salt&trade; Excellulose&trade; desalting columns</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
<td>20449</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Ammonium acetate	</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>A637-500</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Silicon-coated, 0.6-ml tubes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Denville Scientific</td>
<td>C19063</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Novex Tricine Gels (10&#x2013;20%)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>EC6625B0X</td>
<td>10-well; mini size (8 cm X 8 cm); 25 &mu;l loading volume per well; separation range 5 kDa to 40 kDa</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Quartz cuvette</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Hellma</td>
<td>105.250-QS</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Beckman DU 640 spectrophotometer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Beckman</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>ssDNA library</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Integrated DNA Technologies</td>
<td>Custom-ordered</td>
<td>The library was designed to contain 49 random nucleotides flanked by two constant regions containing primer-binding and cloning sites: 
5'-TAA TAC GAC TCA CTA TAG GGA ATT CCG CGT GTG C (N:25:25:25:25%) (N)49 G TCC GTT CGG GAT CCT C-3'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Taq DNA polymerase</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>USB Corporation</td>
<td>71160</td>
<td>Recombinant Thermus aquaticus DNA Polymerase supplied with 10&#215; PCR Buffer and a separate tube of 25 mM MgCl2 for routine PCR.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>PCR Nucleotide Mix, 10 mM solution</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>USB Corporation</td>
<td>77212</td>
<td>(10 mM each dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Forward primer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Integrated DNA Technologies</td>
<td>Custom-ordered</td>
<td>5'-TAA TAC GAC TCA CTA TAG GGA ATT CCG CGT GTG C-3'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Reverse primer</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Integrated DNA Technologies</td>
<td>Custom-ordered</td>
<td>5'-GAG GAT CCC GAA CGG AC-3'</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Thermal cycler</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Denville Scientific</td>
<td>Techne TC-312</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (50)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>QIAGEN</td>
<td>28104</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Agarose</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Denville Scientific</td>
<td>CA3510-8</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Conical, sterile 1.6-ml tubes with caps attached with O-rings</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Denville Scientific</td>
<td>C19040-S</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>RiboMAX&trade; Large Scale RNA Production System&#x2013;T7</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Promega</td>
<td>P1300</td>
<td>The kit contains: 120 &mu;l Enzyme Mix (RNA polymerase, recombinant RNasin&reg; ribonuclease inhibitor and recombinant inorganic pyrophosphatase); 240 &mu;l transcription 5 buffer; 100 &mu;l each of 4 rNTPs, 100 mM; 110 U RQ1 RNase-free DNase, 1 U/&mu;l; 10 &mu;l linear control DNA, 1 mg/ml; 1 ml 3M sodium acetate (pH 5.2); 1.25 ml nuclease-Free water</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>&alpha;-32P-cytidine 5'-triphosphate, 250 &mu;Ci (9.25 MBq), </td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
<td>BLU008H250UC</td>
<td>Specific Activity: 3000 Ci (111 TBq)/mmol, 50 mM Tricine (pH 7.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Citrate-saturated phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol (125:24:1, pH 4.7)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma (Fluka)</td>
<td>77619</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Chloroform:Isoamyl alcohol (24:1)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>C0549</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Absolute ethanol for molecular biology</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>E7023</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Z216-MK refrigerated microcentrifuge</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Denville Scientific</td>
<td>C0216-MK</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>illustra ProbeQuant&trade; G-50 Micro Columns</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>GE Healthcare</td>
<td>Obtained from Fisher Scientific (45-001-487)</td>
<td>Prepacked with Sephadex&trade; G-50 DNA Grade and pre-equilibrated in STE buffer containing 0.15% Kathon as Biocide</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Triathler Bench-top Scintillation counter</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Hidex Oy, Turku, Finland</td>
<td>Triathler LSC Model: 425-034</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Novex&reg; TBE-Urea Sample Buffer (2&#215;)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>LC6876</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>6% TBE-Urea Gels 1.0 mm, 10 wells</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>EC6865BOX</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Novex&reg; TBE Running Buffer (5&#215;)</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>LC6675</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Radioactivity decontaminant</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>04-355-67</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Gel-loading tips</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Denville Scientific</td>
<td>P3080</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>XCell SureLock Mini-Cell</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Invitrogen</td>
<td>EI0001</td>
<td>XCell SureLock Mini-Cell</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Autoradiography film</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Denville Scientific</td>
<td>E3018</td>
<td>Use in complete darkness</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Autoradiography film, Hyperfilm&trade; ECL</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Amersham Biosciences</td>
<td>RPN3114K</td>
<td>Can be used under red safe light.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Membrane discs</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Millipore</td>
<td>GSWP02500</td>
<td>Mixed cellulose ester, hydrophilic, 0.22-&mu;m disc membranes</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Fritted glass support base for 125-ml flask</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>VWR</td>
<td>26316-696</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Petri dishes</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>08-757-11YZ</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Urea	</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>AC32738-0050</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>EDTA</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
<td>118430010</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Glycogen</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>G1767</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>2-Propanol for molecular biology</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Sigma</td>
<td>I9516</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Recombinant RNase inhibitor</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>USB Corporation</td>
<td>71571</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>ImProm-II&trade;Reverse Transcription System</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>Promega</td>
<td>A3802</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>Recombinant RNase inhibitor</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>USB Corporation</td>
<td>71571</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<tr>
<td>RapidRun&trade; Loading Dye</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>
<td>USB Corporation</td>
<td>77524</td>
<td>&nbsp;</td>		</tbody>
		</table>
		</div>

selection of aptamers for amyloid &beta;-protein, the causative agent of alzheimer&#39;s disease

Alzheimer-Krankheit (AD) ist eine progressive, altersabhängig, neurodegenerative Erkrankung mit einer schleichenden Verlauf, dass seine präsymptomatische Diagnose schwierig 1 macht. Definite AD Diagnose ist nur post mortem erreicht und schafft so präsymptomatischen, Früherkennung von AD ist entscheidend für die Entwicklung und Verwaltung von wirksamen Therapien 2,3. Amyloid β-Protein (Aß) ist von zentraler Bedeutung AD Pathogenese. Lösliche, oligomere Aß Baugruppen sind vermutlich Neurotoxizität zugrunde liegende synaptische Dysfunktion und den Untergang der Neuronen in AD 4,5 beeinflussen. Verschiedene Formen von löslichem Aß Baugruppen beschrieben worden, jedoch sind ihre Zusammenhänge und die Relevanz für AD Ätiologie und Pathogenese komplexer und nicht gut verstanden 6. Spezifische molekulare Erkennung Tools können enträtseln die Beziehungen zwischen den Aß Baugruppen und erleichtern Nachweis und die Charakterisierung dieser Baugruppen frühzeitig im Krankheitsverlauf bevor Symptome auftauchen. Die molekulare Erkennung häufigsten beruht auf Antikörpern. Allerdings bietet eine alternative Klasse von molekularen Erkennung Werkzeuge, Aptamere, wichtige Vorteile gegenüber Antikörpern 7,8. Aptamere sind Oligonukleotide durch in-vitro-Selektion: systematische Evolution von Liganden durch exponentielle Anreicherung (SELEX) 9,10. SELEX ist ein iterativer Prozess, der, ähnlich wie die Darwinsche Evolution, ermöglicht die Auswahl, Verstärkung, Bereicherung und Perpetuierung einer Immobilie, zB Avid, spezifische Ligandenbindung (Aptamere) oder katalytische Aktivität (Ribozyme und DNAzyme). Trotz Entstehung von Aptameren als Werkzeuge in der modernen Biotechnologie und Medizin 11, haben sie in den Amyloid-Bereich noch unzureichend genutzt. Wenige RNA oder ssDNA Aptamere gegen verschiedene Formen von Prion-Proteinen (PrP) 12-16 ausgewählt. Ein RNA-Aptamer gegen rekombinantes Rinder-PrP generiert wurde gezeigt, dass Rinder PrP-β 17 zu erkennen, einem löslichen, oligomeren β-Faltblatt-reiche Konformation Variante des full-length PrP, dass Amyloid-Fibrillen 18 bildet. Aptamere generiert mit monomeren und verschiedene Formen der fibrillären β 2-Mikroglobulin (β 2 m) gefunden zu Fibrillen von bestimmten anderen amyloidogene Proteine ​​neben β 2 m Fibrillen 19 zu binden. Ylera et al. beschriebenen RNA-Aptamere gegen immobilisierte monomere Aβ40 20 ausgewählt. Unerwartet dieser Aptamere fibrillären Aβ40 gebunden. Insgesamt lassen diese Daten einige wichtige Fragen. Warum haben Aptamere gegen monomere Proteine ​​ausgewählt erkennen ihre polymeren Formen? Könnte Aptamere gegen monomere und / oder oligomere Formen amyloidogenen Proteinen erreicht werden? Zur Beantwortung dieser Fragen haben wir versucht, Aptamere für kovalent stabilisiert oligomeren Aβ40 21 erzeugt mit photo-induzierte Quervernetzung von unmodifizierten Proteine ​​(picup) 22,23 auszuwählen. Ähnlich wie in früheren Erkenntnisse 17,19,20, reagierte dieser Aptamere mit Fibrillen von Aß und mehrere andere amyloidogene Proteine ​​wahrscheinlich Erkennen einer potentiell gemeinsamen Amyloid strukturelle aptatope 21. Hier präsentieren wir die SELEX-Methode bei der Herstellung dieser Aptamere 21 verwendet.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Selection of Aptamers for Amyloid Î²-Protein, the Causative Agent of Alzheimer's Disease at JoVE.com

Selection of Aptamers for Amyloid &amp;#946;-Protein, the Causative Agent of Alzheimer&#039;s Disease

Aptamere sind kurze ribo-/deoxyribo-oligonucleotides ausgewählt von<em&gt; In-vitro</em&gt; Evolution Methoden Affinität für ein bestimmtes Ziel basiert. Aptamere sind molekulare Erkennung Werkzeug mit vielfältigen therapeutische, diagnostische und Forschungszwecke entwickelt. Wir zeigen Methoden für die Selektion von Aptameren für Amyloid-β-Protein, dem Erreger der Alzheimer-Krankheit.

Selektion von Aptameren für Amyloid β-Protein, dem Erreger der Alzheimer-Krankheit

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, age-dependent, neurodegenerative disorder with an insidious course that renders its presymptomatic diagnosis ...

selection-aptamers-for-amyloid-protein-causative-agent-alzheimer-s

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Selection of Aptamers for Amyloid &beta;-Protein, the Causative Agent of Alzheimer&#39;s Disease

19.3K Aufrufe.  David Geffen School of Medicine. Aptamere sind kurze ribo-/deoxyribo-oligonucleotides ausgewählt von In-vitro Evolution Methoden Affinität für ein bestimmtes Ziel basiert. Aptamere sind molekulare Erkennung Werkzeug mit vielfältigen therapeutische, diagnostische und Forschungszwecke entwickelt. Wir zeigen Methoden für die Selektion von Aptameren für Amyloid-β-Protein, dem Erreger der Alzheimer-Krankheit.