We would like to thank Dr. Harry Orr at the University of Minnesota for his generous gift of transgenic mice. We would also like to thank the following Skidmore College alum for their work performing the preceding experiments: Monica Villegas, Porter Hall, Mitchell Spring, Nicholas Toker, Jenny Zhang, Chloe Larson and Cheyanne Slocum. Furthermore, we would like to thank Skidmore College for funding the development of these methods.

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Die Autoren haben nichts zu offenbaren.

Wenn diese Methoden verwendet werden, wie beschrieben, sind sie in der Lage zu erkennen und Linderung oxidative Phosphorylierung vermittelte mitochondriale Dysfunktion in cerebellar neurodegenerative Krankheit Mäuse-Modellen. Die vereinigten biochemischen und Verhaltenstests sind vielfältig Methoden für das Ausmaß der mitochondrialen Beitrag zur cerebellar neurodegenerative Krankheitspathologie bestimmen. Durch die Mäuse mit Bernsteinsäure Behandlung von Stoffwechsel zu stimulieren und die Funktion der Mitochondri...

Mitochondrien sind die wichtigsten Produzenten von Adenosintriphosphat (ATP), ein essentielles Coenzym für die Zellenergie, mit der Mehrheit der mitochondrialen ATP durch oxidative Phosphorylierung (OXPHOS) erzeugt die Elektronentransportkette verwendet wird. Das Gehirn, angesichts der hohen metabolischen Anforderungen und sein Vertrauen auf die oxidative Phosphorylierung für neuronale Aktivität antreibt, ist auf mitochondriale Dysfunktion sehr anfällig. Als Ergebnis wird die mitochondriale Funktionsstörung während des Alterungsprozesses ausgelöst 1 und ist in die Pathogenese mehrerer neurodegenerativer Erkrankungen 2, 3, 4 gebracht. Daraus folgt, dass Mitochondrien attraktive therapeutische Ziele für die Neurodegeneration sind. In diesem Protokoll haben wir die Verwendung von Spinozerebelläre Ataxie Typ 1 (SCA1) als Modell neurodegenerative Erkrankung zur Untersuchung von Mitochondrien angenommenenl Dysfunktion und die Entwicklung der Mitochondrien zielgerichtete Therapien. SCA1 wird durch eine Polyglutamin (polyQ) Repeat - Expansion Mutation im Ataxin-1 - Genprodukts verursacht , die progressive Degeneration der Purkinje - Neuronen des Kleinhirns löst und Neuronen aus anderen Hirnregionen. Die transgene Mauslinie hier (bezeichnet als SCA1 Maus) verwendet, die eine polyQ-Mutante unter der Kontrolle einer Purkinje-Zelle spezifischer Promotor Ataxin-1 - Transgen exprimiert, ermöglicht die gezielte Analyse der Purkinje-Zellkomponente von SCA1 5. SCA1 Mäuse unterziehen allmähliche Purkinje Zelldegeneration und entwickeln ataxic Gangart 6. Mitochondriale komplexe Dysfunktion und mitochondriale gezielte Wirksamkeit der Behandlung kann mit einer Batterie von molekularen und Verhaltenstests bewertet werden. Mitochondriale komplexe Dysfunktion gemessen ex vivo durch die Atmung Assays , die veränderte Sauerstoffverbrauch innerhalb des Kleinhirns Gewebe erkennen indas Vorhandensein von Elektronentransportkette Substrate und Inhibitoren 7. Respiration Assays mit permeabilisierten Gewebe, mitochondriale Isolate und ganze Gewebe 7, 8, 9 verwendete vorher. Sie ermöglichen eine direkte Beurteilung der mitochondrialen Funktion im Gegensatz zu morphologischen Methoden der Datenerhebung wie Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie oder Immunfluoreszenzanfärbung. Die Verwendung von ganzen Gewebe anstatt isolierten Mitochondrien verhindert vorgespannte Auswahl an gesunden Mitochondrien , die 7 während des Isolierungsverfahrens auftreten können. Wenn das Protokoll angepasst, wie dargestellt, ist die Atmungs Assay eine wertvolle Methode für mitochondriale Dysfunktion in cerebellar neurodegenerative Krankheitszustände zu detektieren. Die nicht-spezifische Aktivatoren des Stoffwechsels verwendet werden, um die mitochondriale Dysfunktion in transgenen Mäusen Modellen neurodegenerativer diseas ableitene und die Hilfe bei der Entwicklung neuer Therapien. Quercetin, Coenzym Q10 und Kreatin wurden alle neurodegenerative Krankheitspathologie in Patienten und in Tiermodellen für neurodegenerative Krankheits 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 verbessern gezeigt. Hier stellen wir eine neue Stoffwechselaktivator, Bernsteinsäure, den Stoffwechsel zu stimulieren und die Funktion der Mitochondrien bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankung steigern. Um sicherzustellen , dass der Aktivator die Blut - Hirn - Schranke überquert, wurde HPLC verwendet Lieferung an Nervengewebe zu erkennen , in behandelten Mäusen 17. Um die therapeutischen Wirkungen von metabolisch gezielte wasserlösliche Verbindungen, wie Bernsteinsäure, eine Batterie von Verhaltensparadigmen und immunpathologische Studien bewerten können verwendet werden. Due zu den in Kleinhirns neurodegenerative Erkrankung gefunden Defizite der motorischen Koordination, sind der Ausleuchtzone Runway - Assay, Strahl - Assay und Beschleunigung rotierenden Stab - Test verwendet 6 Rettung von Verhaltens Pathologie zu erkennen, 18, 19. Diese Maßnahmen sind mit immunopathologischen Beurteilung cerebellar Zytoarchitektur ergänzt durch molekulare Schichtdicke (definiert als Purkinje Zelle dendritischen Dorn Länge) Beurteilung und Purkinje Zellsoma Zählwerte innerhalb eines definierten lobule von zerebellären Gewebe 6, 20, 21. Hier präsentieren wir mehrere neuropathologischen und Verhaltens Methoden zur Erkennung und Behandlung von mitochondriale Dysfunktion mit metabolisch gezielt wasserlösliche Verbindungen. Wir verwenden ex vivo Analyse der mitochondrialen Atmung mitochondriale Dysfunktion in der SCA1 tran zu analysierensgenic Maus. Darüber hinaus zeigen wir, dass die Krankheitssymptome und Pathologie durch die wasserlöslichen mitochondrialen Booster Bernsteinsäure verbessert werden, weitere mitochondriale Dysfunktion in SCA1 Krankheitsprogression Verwicklung.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Adenosine diphosphate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A2754</td>
			<td>ADP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ascorbate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A7631</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A2153</td>
			<td>BSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4&#39;,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D9542</td>
			<td>DAPI</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digitonin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D141</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dithiothreitol</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D0632</td>
			<td>DTT</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey serum</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D9663</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutamate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>1446600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Malate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>6994</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mannitol</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>M4125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium-lactobionate</td>
			<td>Bio-Sugars</td>
			<td>69313-67-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotenone</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>R8875</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Saponin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>47036</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Succinic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>S3674</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N,N,N&#8242;,N&#8242;-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>T7394</td>
			<td>TMPD</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>T9284</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Urea</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>U0631</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vectashield mounting medium</td>
			<td>Vector Labs</td>
			<td>H-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibodies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>11NQ antibody (anti-ataxin-1 )</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Servadio, et al. 1995, PMID: 7647801</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 488 anti-mouse secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-11015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 594 anti-rabbit secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-11012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calbindin antibody (goat)</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>C-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Animals</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Control transgenic mice</td>
			<td>Harry Orr, Ph.D.</td>
			<td>A02</td>
			<td>Burright, et al. 1997, PMID: 9217978</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SCA1 mice</td>
			<td>Harry Orr, Ph.D.</td>
			<td>B05</td>
			<td>Burright, et al. 1997, PMID: 9217978</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wildtype mice</td>
			<td>The Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>001800</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ESM-100L microtome</td>
			<td>ERMA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Sledge microtome</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluoview FV1200 Confocal Microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol-gelatin slides</td>
			<td>FD Neuro Technologies</td>
			<td>PO101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hamilton syringe</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>VCAT 80465</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OXYT1 Oxytherm Electrode Control Unit</td>
			<td>Hansatech Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P.T.F.E. paper</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>UX-08277-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotallion Rotarod</td>
			<td>PPP&#38;G</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>contact corresponding author for information</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultimate 3000 HPLC</td>
			<td>Dionex</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ImageJ</td>
			<td>National Institute of Health</td>
			<td></td>
			<td><a href="http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/">http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell counter plugin (for ImageJ)</td>
			<td>National Institute of Health</td>
			<td></td>
			<td><a href="http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/plugins/cell-counter.html">http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/plugins/cell-counter.html</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3P&#38;G Rota-Rod v3.3.3 (rotarod software)</td>
			<td>PPP&#38;G</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>contact corresponding author for information</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phidget21.dll (required for rotarod software)</td>
			<td>DLL-Files.com</td>
			<td></td>
			<td><a href="https://www.dll-files.com/phidget21.dll.html">https://www.dll-files.com/phidget21.dll.html</a></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

treating sca1 mice with water-soluble compounds to non-specifically boost mitochondrial function

Mitochondriale Dysfunktion spielt eine bedeutende Rolle im Alterungsprozess und bei neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen, darunter mehrere erbliche Spinozerebelläre Ataxie und andere Bewegung durch eine progressive Degeneration des Kleinhirns markierten Störungen. Das Ziel dieses Protokolls ist mitochondriale Dysfunktion in spinozerebelläre Ataxie Typ 1 (SCA1) und Bewertung der Wirksamkeit von pharmakologischen Targeting von Stoffwechselatmung über die wasserlösliche Verbindung Bernsteinsäure zu beurteilen, Fortschreiten der Krankheit zu verlangsamen. Dieser Ansatz ist auf andere cerebellar Krankheiten und kann zu einer Vielzahl von wasserlöslichen Therapien angepasst werden. Ex - vivo - Analyse der mitochondrialen Atmung wird verwendet , um zu erkennen und krankheitsbedingte Veränderungen in der Funktion der Mitochondrien zu quantifizieren. Mit genetischen Beweis (nicht veröffentlichte Daten) und Proteomik Beweise für mitochondriale Dysfunktion in der SCA1 Mausmodell bewerten wir die Wirksamkeit der Behandlung mit dem wasserlöslichen metabolischen Booster succinic Säure durch diese Verbindung direkt in den Käfig Trinkwasser auflösen. Die Fähigkeit des Medikaments, die Blut-Hirn-Schranke passieren kann mittels Hochleistungs-Flüssigchromatographie (HPLC) abgeleitet werden. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Verbindungen können dann mehrere Verhaltensparadigmen einschließlich der Beschleunigungs Rotarod, Schwebebalken Test und Fußabdruck-Analyse unter Verwendung getestet werden. Cytoarchitectural Integrität des Kleinhirns kann mit Immunfluoreszenztests bewertet werden, die Purkinje Zellkerne und Purkinje Zelle Dendriten und soma erkennen. Diese Verfahren sind robust Techniken zur Bestimmung mitochondriale Dysfunktion und die Wirksamkeit der Behandlung mit wasserlöslichen Verbindungen in cerebellar neurodegenerative Erkrankung.

Durch pharmakologische Targeting von zerebellären Mitochondrien mit Bernsteinsäure sind wir mitochondriale Dysfunktion in einem Mausmodell der zerebelläre neurodegenerative Erkrankung SCA1 zu verhindern können. Die kanonische Elektronendonor von Succinat - Dehydrogenase, Bernsteinsäure, wurde einen Monat lang in Käfig Trinkwasser von SCA1 Mäuse gelöst, mit Verhaltensbeurteilung zu Beginn in der zweiten Woche der Behandlung und neuropathologische Beurteilung nach der Behandlung <s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Treating SCA1 Mice with Water-Soluble Compounds to Non-Specifically Boost Mitochondrial Function at JoVE.com

Behandlung von SCA1-Mäusen mit wasserlöslichen Verbindungen zur unspezifischen Steigerung der Mitochondrienfunktion | Medizin | Video

Treating SCA1 Mice with Water-Soluble Compounds to Non-Specifically Boost Mitochondrial Function

We present a biochemical and behavioral protocol to evaluate the efficacy of mitochondria-targeted water-soluble compounds for the treatment of Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and other cerebellar neurodegenerative diseases.

Die Behandlung von SCA1 Mäuse, die mit wasserlöslichen Verbindungen zu unspezifisch Erhöhung mitochondriale Funktion

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in the aging process and in neurodegenerative diseases including several hereditary spinocerebellar ...

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10.5K Aufrufe.  Skidmore College. We present a biochemical and behavioral protocol to evaluate the efficacy of mitochondria-targeted water-soluble compounds for the treatment of Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and other cerebellar neurodegenerative diseases. 

Serie: Treating SCA1 Mice with Water-Soluble Compounds to Non-Specifically Boost Mitochondrial Function

Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000

The endothelium is a delicate monolayer of cells that lines all blood vessels, and which comprises the systemic and lymphatic capillaries. By virtue of the panoply of paracrine factors that it secretes, the endothelium regulates the contractile and proliferative state of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, as well as the interaction of the vessel wall with circulating blood elements. Because of its central role in mediating vessel tone and growth, its position as gateway to circulating immune cells, and its local regulation of hemostasis and coagulation, the the properly functioning endothelium is the key to cardiovascular health. Conversely, the earliest disorder in most vascular diseases is endothelial dysfunction.
In the arterial circulation, the healthy endothelium generally exerts a vasodilator influence on the vascular smooth muscle. There are a number of methods to assess endothelial vasodilator function. The Endo-PAT 2000 is a new device that is used to assess endothelial vasodilator function in a rapid and non-invasive fashion. Unlike the commonly used technique of duplex ultra-sonography to assess flow-mediated vasodilation, it is totally non-operator-dependent, and the equipment is an order of magnitude less expensive. The device records endothelium-mediated changes in the digital pulse waveform known as the PAT ( peripheral Arterial Tone) signal, measured with a pair of novel modified plethysmographic probes situated on the finger index of each hand. Endothelium-mediated changes in the PAT signal are elicited by creating a downstream hyperemic response. Hyperemia is induced by occluding blood flow through the brachial artery for 5 minutes using an inflatable cuff on one hand. The response to reactive hyperemia is calculated automatically by the system. A PAT ratio is created using the post and pre occlusion values. These values are normalized to measurements from the contra-lateral arm, which serves as control for non-endothelial dependent systemic effects. Most notably, this normalization controls for fluctuations in sympathetic nerve outflow that may induce changes in peripheral arterial tone that are superimposed on the hyperemic response.
In this video we demonstrate how to use the Endo-PAT 2000 to perform a clinically relevant assessment of endothelial vasodilator function.

A noninvasive procedure to assess endothelial function is demonstrated using the Endo-PAT 2000.

Die Beurteilung Endothelial Vasodilator-Funktion mit der Endo-PAT 2000

The endothelium is a delicate monolayer of cells that lines all blood vessels, and which comprises the systemic and lymphatic capillaries. By virtue of ...

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Medizin

Tumor Treating Field Therapy in Combination with Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma

A novel device that employs TTF therapy has recently been developed and is currently in use for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM). It was FDA approved in April 2011 for the treatment of patients 22 years or older with rGBM. The device delivers alternating electric fields and is programmed to ensure maximal tumor cell kill1.
Glioblastoma is the most common type of glioma and has an estimated incidence of approximately 10,000 new cases per year in the United States alone2. This tumor is particularly resistant to treatment and is uniformly fatal especially in the recurrent setting3-5. Prior to the approval of the TTF System, the only FDA approved treatment for rGBM was bevacizumab6. Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeted against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein that drives tumor angiogenesis7. By blocking the VEGF pathway, bevacizumab can result in a significant radiographic response (pseudoresponse), improve progression free survival and reduce corticosteroid requirements in rGBM patients8,9. Bevacizumab however failed to prolong overall survival in a recent phase III trial26. A pivotal phase III trial (EF-11) demonstrated comparable overall survival between physicians&#8217; choice chemotherapy and TTF Therapy but better quality of life were observed in the TTF arm10.
There is currently an unmet need to develop novel approaches designed to prolong overall survival and/or improve quality of life in this unfortunate patient population. One appealing approach would be to combine the two currently approved treatment modalities namely bevacizumab and TTF Therapy. These two treatments are currently approved as monotherapy11,12, but their combination has never been evaluated in a clinical trial. We have developed an approach for combining those two treatment modalities and treated 2 rGBM patients. Here we describe a detailed methodology outlining this novel treatment protocol and present representative data from one of the treated patients.

A novel methodology that is employed for the treatment of recurrent glioblastomas is described. This treatment approach employs the application of alternating electric tumor treating fields (TTFields), known as TTF Therapy in combination with bevacizumab, a targeted agent that is currently FDA approved as monotherapy.

Tumor Behandlung Feldtherapie in Kombination mit Bevacizumab für die Behandlung von rezidivierendem Glioblastom

A novel device that employs TTF therapy has recently been developed and is currently in use for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM). It was FDA ...

Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function

The oculomotor system involves a large number of brain areas including parts of the basal ganglia, and various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's and Huntington's can disrupt it. People with Parkinson's disease, for example, tend to have increased saccadic latencies. Consequently, the quantitative measurement of saccadic eye movements has received considerable attention as a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative conditions. A lot more can be learned about the brain in both health and disease by observing what happens to eye movements when the function of specific brain areas is perturbed. Deep brain stimulation is a surgical intervention used for the management of a range of neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease, in which stimulating electrodes are placed in specific brain areas including several sites in the basal ganglia. Eye movement measurements can then be made with the stimulator systems both off and on and the results compared. With suitable experimental design, this approach can be used to study the pathophysiology of the disease being treated, the mechanism by which DBS exerts it beneficial effects, and even aspects of normal neurophysiology.

This paper describes the use of quantitative measurement of eye movements in conjunction with stimulation of focal areas of the deep brain in order to study physiology, pathophysiology, and the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation.

Mit Saccadometry mit Deep Brain Stimulation Normale und Pathologische Funktion des Gehirns zu studieren

The oculomotor system involves a large number of brain areas including parts of the basal ganglia, and various neurodegenerative diseases including ...

Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography

Air volume changes created by a conscious subject breathing spontaneously within a body box are at the basis of plethysmography, a technique used to non-invasively assess some features of the respiratory function in humans as well as in laboratory animals. The present article focuses on the application of the double-chamber plethysmography (DCP) in small animals. It provides background information on the methodology as well as a detailed step-by-step procedure to successfully assess respiratory function in conscious, spontaneously breathing animals in a non-invasive manner. The DCP can be used to monitor the respiratory function of multiple animals in parallel, as well as to identify changes induced by aerosolized substances over a chosen time period and in a repeated manner. Experiments on control and allergic mice are used herein to demonstrate the utility of the technique, explain the associated outcome parameters, as well as to discuss the related advantages and shortcomings. Overall, the DCP provides valid and theoretically sound readouts that can be trusted to evaluate the respiratory function of conscious small animals both at baseline and after challenges with aerosolized substances.

The objective of the present article is to provide a detailed description of the recommended procedures to evaluate respiratory function in conscious mice by double-chamber plethysmography.

Beurteilung der Atemfunktion in bewusste Mäuse durch Doppel-Kammer-Plethysmographie

Air volume changes created by a conscious subject breathing spontaneously within a body box are at the basis of plethysmography, a technique used to ...

Non-invasive Assessment of Dorsiflexor Muscle Function in Mice

Assessment of skeletal muscle contractile function is an important measurement for both clinical and research purposes. Numerous conditions can negatively affect skeletal muscle. This can result in a loss of muscle mass (atrophy) and/or loss of muscle quality (reduced force per unit of muscle mass), both of which are prevalent in chronic disease, muscle-specific disease, immobilization, and aging (sarcopenia). Skeletal muscle function in animals can be evaluated by a range of different tests. All tests have limitations related to the physiological testing environment, and the selection of a specific test often depends on the nature of the experiments. Here, we describe an in vivo, non-invasive technique involving a helpful and easy assessment of force frequency-curve (FFC) in mice that can be performed on the same animal over time. This permits monitoring of disease progression and/or efficacy&#160;of a potential therapeutic treatment.

Measurement of rodent skeletal muscle contractile function is a useful tool that can be used to track disease progression as well as efficacy of therapeutic intervention. We describe here the non-invasive, in vivo assessment of the dorsiflexor muscles that can be repeated over time in the same mouse.

Nicht-invasive Beurteilung des releveurs Muskelfunktion bei Mäusen

Assessment of skeletal muscle contractile function is an important measurement for both clinical and research purposes. Numerous conditions can negatively ...

A Non-Invasive Method for Generating the Cyclic Loading-Induced Intra-Articular Cartilage Lesion Model of the Rat Knee

The pathophysiology of primary osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. However, a specific subclassification of OA in relatively younger age groups is likely correlated with a history of articular cartilage damage and ligament avulsion. Surgical animal models of OA of the knee play an important role in understanding the onset and progression of post-traumatic OA and aid in the development of novel therapies for this disease. However, non-surgical models have been recently considered to avoid traumatic inflammation that could affect the evaluation of the intervention. 
In this study, an intra-articular cartilage lesion rat model induced by in vivo cyclic compressive loading was developed, which allowed researchers to (1) determine the optimal magnitude, speed, and duration of load that could cause focal cartilage damage; (2) assess post-traumatic spatiotemporal pathological changes in chondrocyte vitality; and (3) evaluate the histological expression of destructive or protective molecules that are involved in the adaptation and repair mechanisms against joint compressive loads. This report describes the experimental protocol for this novel cartilage lesion in a rat model.

Here, we present the cyclic loading-induced intra-articular cartilage lesion model of the rat knee, generated by 60 cyclic compressions over 20 N, resulting in damage to the femoral condylar cartilage in rats.

Eine nicht-invasive Methode zur Erzeugung des zyklischen Belastungsinduzierten intraartikulären Knorpelläsionsmodells des Rattenknies

The pathophysiology of primary osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. However, a specific subclassification of OA in relatively younger age groups is likely ...

Bestimmung der Atmung in menschlichen Spermien durch hochauflösende Respirometrie

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Mitochondrial Function in Human Spermatozoa

Semen quality is often studied by routine semen analysis, which is descriptive and often inconclusive. Male infertility is associated with altered sperm mitochondrial activity, so the measurement of sperm mitochondrial function is an indicator of sperm quality. High-resolution respirometry is a method of measuring the oxygen consumption of cells or tissues in a closed-chamber system. This technique can be implemented to measure respiration in human sperm and provides information about the quality and integrity of the sperm mitochondria. High-resolution respirometry allows the cells to move freely, which is an a priori advantage in the case of sperm. This technique can be applied with intact or permeabilized spermatozoa and allows for the study of intact sperm mitochondrial function and the activity of individual respiratory chain complexes. The high-resolution oxygraph instrument uses sensors to measure the oxygen concentration coupled with sensitive software to calculate the oxygen consumption. The data are used to calculate respiratory indices based on the oxygen consumption ratios. Consequently, the indices are the proportions of two oxygen consumption rates and are internally normalized to the cell number or protein mass. The respiratory indices are an indicator of sperm mitochondrial function and dysfunction.

Autor im Rampenlicht: Förderung der Forschung zur männlichen Unfruchtbarkeit durch Entschlüsselung des Spermienstoffwechsels und der mitochondrialen Funktion 

The analysis of sperm mitochondrial function by high-resolution respirometry permits the measurement of the oxygen consumption of freely moving spermatozoa in a closed-chamber system. The technique can be applied to measure respiration in human spermatozoa, which provides information on sperm mitochondrial characteristics and integrity.

Hochauflösende Respirometrie zur Beurteilung der Mitochondrienfunktion in menschlichen Spermien

Semen quality is often studied by routine semen analysis, which is descriptive and often inconclusive. Male infertility is associated with altered sperm ...

Standardisiertes Tuina-Protokoll für das Ratten-DRG-Kompressionsmodell

Analgesic Effect of Tuina on Rat Models with Compression of the Dorsal Root Ganglion Pain

Neuropathic pain is a prevalent condition that affects 6.9%-10% of the population and results from nerve damage due to various etiologies, such as lumbar disc herniation, spinal canal stenosis, and intervertebral foramen stenosis. Although Tuina, a traditional Chinese manual therapy, has shown analgesic effects in clinical practice for the treatment of neuropathic pain, its underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear. Animal models are essential for elucidating the basic principles of Tuina. In this study, we propose a standardized Tuina protocol for rats with compression of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), which involves inducing DRG compression by inserting a stainless steel rod into the intervertebral foramen, performing Tuina manipulation with specific parameters of location, intensity, and frequency in a controlled environment, and assessing the behavioral and histopathological outcomes of Tuina treatment. This article also discusses the potential clinical implications and limitations of the study and suggests directions for future research on Tuina.

Autor im Rampenlicht: Analgetische Wirkung von Tuina auf Rattenmodelle mit Kompression des Schmerzes des Spinalwurzelganglions  

This article presents a manipulation for treating chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion in rats using Tuina therapy, along with a method for evaluating its effectiveness based on pain behavior and histopathological results.

Analgetische Wirkung von Tuina auf Rattenmodelle mit Kompression der Spinalganglienschmerzen

Neuropathic pain is a prevalent condition that affects 6.9%-10% of the population and results from nerve damage due to various etiologies, such as lumbar ...

Die Behandlung von SCA1 Mäuse, die mit wasserlöslichen Verbindungen zu unspezifisch Erhöhung mitochondriale Funktion

Zusammenfassung

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Beurteilung der Atemfunktion in bewusste Mäuse durch Doppel-Kammer-Plethysmographie

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Eine nicht-invasive Methode zur Erzeugung des zyklischen Belastungsinduzierten intraartikulären Knorpelläsionsmodells des Rattenknies

Hochauflösende Respirometrie zur Beurteilung der Mitochondrienfunktion in menschlichen Spermien

Hochauflösende Respirometrie zur Beurteilung der Mitochondrienfunktion in menschlichen Spermien

Hochauflösende Respirometrie zur Beurteilung der Mitochondrienfunktion in menschlichen Spermien

Analgetische Wirkung von Tuina auf Rattenmodelle mit Kompression der Spinalganglienschmerzen