Name: a device for performing cell migration/wound healing in a 96-well plate
Uploaded: 2017-03-07T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 5 min 46 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Device for Performing Cell Migration/Wound Healing in a 96-Well Plate at JoVE.com

Die Autoren möchten sich Herr Tam Po Leung, Mr. Wong Chi Kin und das technische Personal der Fakultät Werkstatt, Hong Kong Baptist University, für ihre technischen Fähigkeiten und Beratung bei der Herstellung der Prototyp dieser wounder danken.

1. Einführung in die Teile des wounder (Abbildung 1) <ol><li> Bereiten Sie den Stifthalter durch die Verwundung Stifte in gleichen Abständen zu fixieren. Halten Sie die Pipettenspitzen und stellen Sie die Spitzenhöhe und die einstellbaren Verwundung Stifte nach oben und unten durch Bewegung. </li><li> Den verstellbaren Führungsschiene auf verschiedene Marken von 96-Well-Kulturplatten und stellen Sie sicher, dass die Verwundung Bereich in einer festen Position ist. </li><li> Befestigen Sie den verstellbaren Verwundung Stift durch die Sechskantschraube anziehen. Befestigen Sie den Führungsgriff in der Position, die durch die Kopfkappen Sechskant Anzugs an beiden Enden. </li></ol> 2. Einstellen der Breite des Stifthalters (Abbildung 2) <ol><li> Lösen Sie die Sechskantkappen mit dem M5 Inbusschlüssel. </li><li> Legen Sie eine geeignete Anzahl von Ringen auf beiden Seiten des Stifthalters so eingestellt wird, dass die Führungsstangen passen perfekt mit der Breite der 96-Well-Kulturplatte. HINWEIS: Corning und Iwaki Platten erfordert ein Paar von großen Ringen und 1 Paar kleine Ringe. Falcon und Nunc plAtes benötigen ein Paar große Ringe. </li><li> Ziehen Sie die Sechskantkappen der Führungsstange zu befestigen. </li></ol> 3. Einstellen der Führungsstangen (Abbildung 3) <ol><li> Montieren Sie die Verwundung Stifte mit sterilen 10-ul Kunststoff Pipettenspitzen. </li><li> Lösen Sie die Sechskantkappen mit dem M5 Inbusschlüssel. </li><li> Halten Sie die wounder und tauchen Sie die Verwundung Stifte in eine Spalte einer 96-Well-Kulturplatte. </li><li> Stellen Sie die Höhe der Führungsstangen, bis alle Spitzen kaum den Boden der Vertiefungen berührt. </li><li> Ziehen Sie die Sechskantkappen. Stellen Sie sicher, dass die wounder jetzt perfekt auf der Kulturplatte passt und dass die Stifte sind gut positioniert in der Mitte der Brunnen. </li></ol> 4. Kalibrierung der Pins <ol><li> Halten Sie die wounder senkrecht zu einer flachen sterilen Oberfläche (dh Petrischale) und lösen Sie alle Sechskantschrauben mit dem M3 - Inbusschlüssel. </li><li> Tippen Sie auf die wounder bis alle Spitzen gleichmäßig flach sterile Oberfläche berühren. &lt;/ Li&gt; <li> Ziehen Sie die Sechskantschrauben wieder die Stifte in Position zu verriegeln. </li><li> Schauen Sie sich die Gleichmäßigkeit jeder Spitze durch die wounder sanft auf der flachen sterilen Oberfläche aus. </li></ol> 5. Verkratzen Zellmonolayer (Figur 4) <ol><li> Seed humane Nabelschnur vaskuläre Endothelzellen auf einer 0,1% Gelatine beschichtete 96-Well-Zellkulturplatte. Kulturzellen in Medium 199 mit 20% hitzeinaktiviertem fötalem Rinderserum, 1% Penicillin / Streptomycin und 0,09 g / L Heparin. Pflegen Zellen in einem befeuchteten Inkubator mit 5% Kohlendioxid bei 37 ºC über Nacht vor der Verwendung. Die Zellen sollten 100% Konfluenz erreichen, bevor der Verwundung. </li><li> Legen Sie die Verwundung Spitzen an der linken (oder der ganz rechten) Seite jeder Vertiefung innerhalb der gleichen Spalte der Kulturplatte. Schieben Sie die wounder auf die andere Seite des Bohrlochs; sicherstellen, dass die Verwundung Tipps, um den Boden des Bohrlochs berühren. </li><li> Wiederholen Sie das Kratzen (Schritt 5.2) für alle Spalten. </li><li> Nach Verwundung Verwerfungs ter Medium in jeder Vertiefung und ersetzen Sie sie durch frisches Medium, das Testen von Verbindungen. </li></ol> 6. Datenerfassung und Bildanalyse <ol><li> Bild das ganze auch mit der mechanischen Wunde auf der Zellschicht ein Low-Power - Mikroskop mit Digitalkamera (zB 10X - Objektiv) unmittelbar nach der Verwundung (t = 0 h) verwendet wird . </li><li> In Testverbindungen, wenn für die gewünschte Länge der Zeit gewünscht und brüten. Bild das ganze gut mit dem Wundbereich nach der gewünschten Inkubationszeit (t = &amp; Delta; h). </li><li> Mit Hilfe der Bildanalyse - Software wie ImageJ ( <a href="https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/">https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/</a> ), messen Sie den verwundeten Bereich auf dem Bild mit dem Freihand - Werkzeug. </li><li> Berechnen Sie den Prozentsatz des Wundverschlusses: <img alt="Gleichung" src="/files/ftp_upload/55411/55411eq1.jpg" /></li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Friedl, P., Wolf, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tumour-cell+invasion+and+migration:+diversity+and+escape+mechanisms.">Tumour-cell invasion and migration: diversity and escape mechanisms.</a> Nat Rev Cancer. 3 (5), 362-374 (2003).</li><li>Friedl, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prespecification+and+plasticity:+shifting+mechanisms+of+cell+migration.">Prespecification and plasticity: shifting mechanisms of cell migration.</a> Curr Opin Cell Biol. 16 (1), 14-23 (2004).</li><li>Lampugnani, M. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+migration+into+a+wounded+area+in+vitro.">Cell migration into a wounded area in vitro.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 96, 177-182 (1999).</li><li>Sholley, M. M., Gimbrone, M. A., Cotran, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cellular+migration+and+replication+in+endothelial+regeneration:+a+study+using+irradiated+endothelial+cultures.">Cellular migration and replication in endothelial regeneration: a study using irradiated endothelial cultures.</a> Lab Invest. 36 (1), 18-25 (1977).</li><li>Gotlieb, A. I., Spector, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Migration+into+an+in+vitro+experimental+wound:+a+comparison+of+porcine+aortic+endothelial+and+smooth+muscle+cells+and+the+effect+of+culture+irradiation.">Migration into an in vitro experimental wound: a comparison of porcine aortic endothelial and smooth muscle cells and the effect of culture irradiation.</a> Am J Pathol. 103 (2), 271-282 (1981).</li><li>Chen, Y. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+migration+chip+for+chemotaxis-based+microfluidic+selection+of+heterogeneous+cell+populations.">Single-cell migration chip for chemotaxis-based microfluidic selection of heterogeneous cell populations.</a> Sci Rep. 18 (5), 9980 (2015).</li><li>Yarrow, J. C., Periman, Z. E., Westwood, N. J., Mitchison, T. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+high-throughput+cell+migration+assay+using+scratch+wound+healing,+a+comparsion+of+image-based+readout+methods.">A high-throughput cell migration assay using scratch wound healing, a comparsion of image-based readout methods.</a> BMC Biotechnol. 4, 21 (2004).</li><li>Lauder, H., Frost, E. E., Hiley, C. R., Fan, T. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+the+repair+process+involved+in+the+repair+of+a+cell+monolayer+using+an+in+vitro+model+of+mechanical+injury.">Quantification of the repair process involved in the repair of a cell monolayer using an in vitro model of mechanical injury.</a> Angiogenesis. 2 (1), 67-80 (1998).</li><li>Yue, P. Y. K., Leung, E. P. Y., Mak, N. K., Wong, R. N. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+simplified+method+for+quantifying+cell+migration/+wound+healing+in+96-well+plates.">A simplified method for quantifying cell migration/ wound healing in 96-well plates.</a> J. Biomol Screen. 15 (4), 427-433 (2010).</li><li>Yue, P. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Elucidation+of+the+mechanisms+underlying+the+angiogenic+effects+of+ginsenoside+Rg(1)+in+vivo+and+in+vitro.">Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the angiogenic effects of ginsenoside Rg(1) in vivo and in vitro.</a> Angiogenesis. 8 (3), 205-216 (2005).</li><li>Kwok, H. H., Chan, L. S., Poon, P. Y., Yue, P. Y., Wong, R. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ginsenoside-Rg1+induces+angiogenesis+by+the+inverse+regulation+of+MET+tyrosine+kinase+receptor+expression+through+miR-23a.">Ginsenoside-Rg1 induces angiogenesis by the inverse regulation of MET tyrosine kinase receptor expression through miR-23a.</a> Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 287 (3), 276-283 (2015).</li></ol>

Die Autoren erklären, dass sie keine finanziellen Interessen haben.

Unsere Zelle wounder hat einige einzigartige Eigenschaften in die Probleme der traditionellen Zellmigration Assays zu lösen. Der 8-Kanal-mechanischen Zell wounder ist aus hochwertigem Edelstahl (Stahl 304) mit einer langen Lebensdauer hergestellt, die im Autoklaven sterilisiert werden kann. Fast alle Handelsmarken von 96-Well-Kulturplatten auf dem Markt mit dieser mechanischen Zell wounder verwendet werden, da der verstellbaren Führungsstange. Die Konstruktion der verstellbaren Führungsleiste gewährleistet auch, das...

Zellmigration spielt eine wichtige Rolle bei der zellulären Prozessen, wie der Embryonalentwicklung, der Neurogenese, Angiogenese, Wundheilung, Schleimhautreparatur, epithelial-mesenchymalen-Übergänge unter normalen Entwicklung und Krankheitslage 1. Es ist ein komplizierter Prozess, der die Koordination zahlreicher inter- und intrazelluläre Ereignisse , einschließlich Signalmolekül - Wechselwirkungen, Zellpolarisation, Zytoskelett - Reorganisation, Matrixumbau, Membran Vorsprung und dynamische Zell-Zell - Adhäsion Modulation 2 beinhaltet. Durch das Studium der Zellmigration, die Entdeckung und Validierung von Chemikalien oder Biomoleküle, die zu Zellbewegung und seine verwandten biochemischen Wege bestimmt werden. Dieser grundlegende Prozess kann für verschiedene Anwendungen, wie zum Beispiel der Behandlung von Krankheiten und Drug-Targeting-nutzbringend als Proxy verwendet werden. Die Verwundung Assay ist einer der Zellmigrationsassays 3. Hier wird eineinzelne Probe von Zellen teilweise durch mechanische Mittel entfernt werden, um ein entblößten Bereich zu produzieren, wo Zellen, die den Bereich abdecken wird migrieren. Der Prozentsatz der Rückgewinnung zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt wird überwacht werden. Wenn eine große Anzahl von Proben Umgang mit Themen wie der experimentellen Kosten und Kreuzkontamination innerhalb Proben kann problematisch sein. Obwohl viele kommerzielle Tools und Tests für 4 Migration Studium Zelle vorhanden sind, 5, 6, benötigt viele von ihnen teure und komplizierte Ausrüstung und Verbesserungen werden noch benötigt. Aus diesen Gründen ist ein 8-Kanal mechanischen Zell wounder (Abbildung 1) entwickelt. Unsere 8-Kanal-mechanischen Zell wounder hat bei der Lösung der oben genannten Probleme einige einzigartige Eigenschaften eingearbeitet. Es bietet die Flexibilität, die Zellmigration / Verwundung Assays in 96-Well-Kulturplattenformat durchzuführen. Der einstellbare guIding Bar-Design sorgt dafür, dass die Kratzfläche in der zentralen Position jedes gut ist. Auch kann die Höhe der Führungsstangen verstellt werden, so dass die wounder für verschiedene Marken von Kulturplatten anwendbar ist. Schließlich ermöglicht die einstellbare Verwundung Pin - Design einen noch Kontakt der Pipettenspitzen mit der Kulturplatte Oberfläche zu erreichen gleichzeitige und reproduzierbare Verwundung 7, 8.

<table><tbody><tr><td>96-well cell culture plate</td><td>Nunc</td><td>167008</td><td>Other brands of 96-well cell culture plate can also be used</td></tr><tr><td>P10 pipette tips</td><td>Axygen</td><td>301-03-051</td><td>Short P10 pipette tip is more easy to create a clear wound</td></tr><tr><td>Wounder</td><td>R&amp;amp;P Technology Limited</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Medium 199</td><td>Sigma</td><td>M2520-1L</td><td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.&lt;br/&gt; Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td></tr><tr><td>Fetal bovine serum</td><td>Gibco</td><td>26140079</td><td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.&lt;br/&gt; Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td><td>Gibco</td><td>15140122</td><td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.&lt;br/&gt; Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td></tr><tr><td>Heparin sodium salt from porcine intestinal mucosa</td><td>Sigma</td><td>H3393</td><td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.&lt;br/&gt; Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td></tr><tr><td>Gelatin from bovine skin</td><td>Sigma</td><td>G9391</td><td>For cell culture of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.&lt;br/&gt; Use appropirate culture medium and condition for other type of cells.</td></tr></tbody></table>

a device for performing cell migration/wound healing in a 96-well plate

Die Zellmigration / Test verwunden ist eine häufig verwendete Methode der Zellmigration und andere biologische Prozesse, wie Angiogenese und Tumormetastasierung zu studieren. In diesem Assay werden die Zellen gezüchtet eine konfluente Monoschicht und eine mechanische Verwundung durch Kratzen mit einem Gerät erzeugt wird, zu bilden. Dann wird die Migrationsrate der Zellen gegenüber dem entblößten Bereich kann durch Bildgebung überwacht werden. Unsere 8-Kanal-mechanischen wounder soll die meisten Probleme mit der Zellmigrationsassay zugeordnet zu bewältigen. Zum einen können unsere wounder leicht durch Autoklavieren oder mit üblichen Desinfektionsmittel sterilisiert werden. Zweitens erlauben die individuell einstellbare Stifte auch mit der Zellkulturplatte in Verbindung, damit scharf und reproduzierbar Wunden geschaffen werden kann. Drittens sorgen die Führungsstäbe auf beiden Seiten der wounder konsistente Verwundung Position in jeder Vertiefung. Die Verwendung von Einweg-Kunststoff-Pipettenspitzen für Verwundung weiter eine bessere Handhabung des wounder bieten kann sowie Quer VERSCHMUTZ zu minimierenIon. Abschließend kann unsere Zelle wounder Forscher bieten mit einer benutzerfreundlichen und reproduzierbare Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Zellmigration Test, um die Standard-96-Well-Kulturplatte verwendet.

Dieser 8-Kanal-mechanische wounder ist so konstruiert, eine Zellschicht, um Kratzer auf der Zellmigration Test durchzuführen. Es ist ein benutzerfreundliches Gerät, das Zell Kratzen Assays in 96-Well-Platten in weniger als einer Minute ohne spezielles Training durchführen können. Diese wounder können Wundflächen auf Zellmonoschichten mit einer gleichmßigen Breite von etwa 600 um und mit scharfen Kanten (5 und 6) einzuführen. Die Breite der Wunden...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Device for Performing Cell Migration/Wound Healing in a 96-Well Plate at JoVE.com

A Device for Performing Cell Migration/Wound Healing in a 96-Well Plate

Hier stellen wir ein Protokoll eine halb hohem Durchsatz Zellmigrationsassay auf einer 96-well Zellkulturplatte durchzuführen. Dieses Protokoll ist eine schnelle, einfache und wirtschaftliche Verfahren in Übereinstimmung Kratzwunden auf einer Zell-Monoschicht zu erzeugen.

Eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung Zellmigration / Wundheilung in einer 96-Well-Platte

The cell migration/wounding assay is a commonly used method to study cell migration and other biological processes, such as angiogenesis and tumor ...

a-device-for-performing-cell-migrationwound-healing-in-a-96-well-plate

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

10.5K Aufrufe.  Hong Kong Baptist University.  Hier stellen wir ein Protokoll eine halb hohem Durchsatz Zellmigrationsassay auf einer 96-well Zellkulturplatte durchzuführen. Dieses Protokoll ist eine schnelle, einfache und wirtschaftliche Verfahren in Übereinstimmung Kratzwunden auf einer Zell-Monoschicht zu erzeugen. 

Serie: A Device for Performing Cell Migration/Wound Healing in a 96-Well Plate

Evaluation of the Cell Invasion and Migration Process: A Comparison of the Video Microscope-based Scratch Wound Assay and the Boyden Chamber Assay

The invasion and migration abilities of tumor cells are main contributors to cancer progression and recurrence. Many studies have explored the migration and invasion abilities to understand how cancer cells disseminate, with the aim of developing new treatment strategies. Analysis of the cellular and molecular basis of these abilities has led to the characterization of cell mobility and the physicochemical properties of the cytoskeleton and cellular microenvironment. For many years, the Boyden chamber assay and the scratch wound assay have been the standard techniques to study cell invasion and migration. However, these two techniques have limitations. The Boyden chamber assay is difficult and time consuming, and the scratch wound assay has low reproducibility. Development of modern technologies, especially in microscopy, has increased the reproducibility of the scratch wound assay. Using powerful analysis systems, an &#34;in-incubator&#34; video microscope can be used to provide automatic and real-time analysis of cell migration and invasion. The aim of this paper is to report and compare the two assays used to study cell invasion and migration: the Boyden chamber assay and an optimized in vitro video microscope-based scratch wound assay.

This study reports two different methods for the analysis of cell invasion and migration: the Boyden chamber assay and the in vitro video microscope-based wound-healing assay. The protocols for these two experiments are described, and their benefits and disadvantages are compared.

Bewertung der Zelle Invasion und Migration-Prozess: ein Vergleich des Video Mikroskop-basierte Kratzers Wunde Assay und der Boyden Kammer-Test

The invasion and migration abilities of tumor cells are main contributors to cancer progression and recurrence. Many studies have explored the migration ...

Forschung

Krebsforschung

Methods to Study Mrp4-containing Macromolecular Complexes in the Regulation of Fibroblast Migration

Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette family of membrane transporters and is an endogenous efflux transporter of cyclic nucleotides. By modulating intracellular cyclic nucleotide concentration, MRP4 can regulate multiple cyclic nucleotide-dependent cellular events including cell migration. Previously, we demonstrated that in the absence of MRP4, fibroblast cells contain higher levels of intracellular cyclic nucleotides and can migrate faster. To understand the underlying mechanisms of this finding, we adopted a direct yet multifaceted approach. First, we isolated potential interacting protein complexes of MRP4 from a MRP4 over-expression cell system using immunoprecipitation followed by mass-spectrometry. After identifying unique proteins in the MRP4 interactome, we utilized Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to explore the role of these protein-protein interactions in the context of signal transduction. We elucidated the potential role of the MRP4 protein complex in cell migration and identified F-actin as a major mediator of the effect of MRP4 on cell migration. This study also emphasized the role of cAMP and cGMP as key players in the migratory phenomena. Using high-content microscopy, we performed cell-migration assays and observed that the effect of MRP4 on fibroblast migration is completely abolished by disruption of the actin cytoskeleton or inhibition of cAMP-dependent kinase A (PKA). To visualize signaling modulations in a migrating cell in real time, we utilized a FRET-based sensor for measuring PKA activity and found, the presence of more polarized PKA activity near the leading edge of migrating Mrp4-/- fibroblast, compared to Mrp4+/+fibroblasts. This in turn increased cortical actin formation and augmented the process of migration. Our approach enables identification of the proteins acting downstream to MRP4 and provides us with an overview of the mechanism involved in MRP4-dependent regulation of fibroblast migration.

MRP4 regulates various cyclic nucleotide-dependent signaling events including a recently elucidated role in cell migration. We describe a direct, but multifaceted approach to unravel the downstream molecular targets of MRP4 resulting in identification of a unique MRP4 interactome that plays key roles in the fine-tuned regulation of fibroblast migration.

Methoden zur Untersuchung MRP4- haltigen Makromolekulare Komplexe in der Verordnung von Fibroblast Migration

Multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette family of membrane transporters and is an endogenous efflux transporter of ...

Entwicklungsbiologie

A Simple Migration/Invasion Workflow Using an Automated Live-cell Imager

Cancer cell mobility is crucial for the initiation of metastasis. Therefore, investigation of the cell movement and invasive capacity is of great significance. Migration assays provide basic insight of cell movement at a 2D level, whereas invasion assays are more physiologically relevant, mimicking in vivo cancer cell dislodgment from the original site and invading through the extracellular matrix. The current protocol provides a single workflow for migration and invasion assays. Together with the integrated automated microscopic camera for real-time HD images and built-in analysis module, it gives researchers a time-efficient, simple and reproducible experimental option. This protocol also includes substitutions for the consumables and alternative analysis methods for users to choose from.

The current protocol describes an integrated method investigating cancer cell migration and invasion on a single platform in real-time, providing an easily reproducible and time-efficient option to study cell mobility and morphology.

Eine einfache Migration/Invasion Workflow mit einer automatisierten Leben-Zelle-Imager

Cancer cell mobility is crucial for the initiation of metastasis. Therefore, investigation of the cell movement and invasive capacity is of great ...

Characterizing Cell Migration Within Three-dimensional In Vitro Wound Environments

Currently, most in vitro models of wound healing, such as well-established scratch assays, involve studying cell migration and wound closure on two-dimensional surfaces. However, the physiological environment in which in vivo wound healing takes place is three-dimensional rather than two-dimensional. It is becoming increasingly clear that cell behavior differs greatly in two-dimensional vs. three-dimensional environments; therefore, there is a need for more physiologically relevant in vitro models for studying cell migration behaviors in wound closure. The method described herein allows for the study of cell migration in a three-dimensional model that better reflects physiological conditions than previously established two-dimensional scratch assays. The purpose of this model is to evaluate cell outgrowth via the examination of cell migration away from a spheroid body embedded within a fibrin matrix in the presence of pro- or anti-migratory factors. Using this method, cell outgrowth from the spheroid body in a three-dimensional matrix can be observed and is easily quantifiable over time via brightfield microscopy and analysis of spheroid body area. The effect of pro-migratory and/or inhibitory factors on cell migration can also be evaluated in this system. This method provides researchers with a simple method of analyzing cell migration in three-dimensional wound associated matrices in vitro, thus increasing the relevance of in vitro cell studies prior to the use of in vivo animal models.

Characterizing Cell Migration Within Three-dimensional In Vitro Wound Environments

The goal of this protocol is to evaluate the effect of pro- and anti-migratory factors on cell migration within a three-dimensional fibrin matrix.

Zellwanderung in dreidimensionales In Vitro Charakterisierung Wunde Umgebungen

Currently, most in vitro models of wound healing, such as well-established scratch assays, involve studying cell migration and wound closure on ...

Biotechnik

A Novel In Vitro Wound Healing Assay to Evaluate Cell Migration

The aim of this work is to show a novel method to evaluate the ability of some immunomodulatory molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), to stimulate cell migration. Importantly, cell migration is a rate-limiting event during the wound-healing process to re-establish the integrity and normal function of tissue layers after injury. The advantage of this method over the classical assay, which is based on a manually made scratch in a cell monolayer, is the usage of special silicone culture inserts providing two compartments to create a cell-free pseudo-wound field with a well-defined width (500 &#956;m). In addition, due to an automated image analysis platform, it is possible to rapidly obtain quantitative data on the speed of wound closure and cell migration. More precisely, the effect of two frog-skin AMPs on the migration of bronchial epithelial cells will be shown. Furthermore, pretreatment of these cells with specific inhibitors will provide information on the molecular mechanisms underlying such events.

A Novel In Vitro Wound Healing Assay to Evaluate Cell Migration

Here, we present a protocol to evaluate the effect of peptides on the migration of bronchial epithelial cells. This method allows for the rapid and highly reproducible obtainment of quantitative data on the speed of cell migration and wound closure.

Eine neuartige In-vitro- Wunde heilende Assay Zellwanderung bewerten

The aim of this work is to show a novel method to evaluate the ability of some immunomodulatory molecules, such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), to ...

Immunologie und Infektion

Microscopy Based Methods for the Assessment of Epithelial Cell Migration During In Vitro Wound Healing

Cell migration is a mandatory aspect for wound healing. Creating artificial wounds on research animal models often results in costly and complicated experimental procedures, while potentially lacking in precision. In vitro culture of epithelial cell lines provides a suitable platform for researching the cell migratory behavior in wound healing and the impact of treatments on these cells. The physiology of epithelial cells is often studied in non-confluent conditions; however, this approach may not resemble natural wound healing conditions. Disrupting the epithelium integrity by mechanical means generates a realistic model, but may impede the application of molecular techniques. Consequently, microscopy based techniques are optimal for studying epithelial cell migration in vitro. Here we detail two specific methods, the artificial wound scratch assay and the artificial migration front assay, that can obtain quantitative and qualitative data, respectively, on the migratory performance of epithelial cells.

Microscopy Based Methods for the Assessment of Epithelial Cell Migration During  In Vitro Wound Healing

This manuscript describes how incision-like lesions made on cultured epithelial cell monolayers conveniently model wound healing in vitro, allowing for imaging by confocal or laser scanning microscopy, and which can provide high-quality quantitative and qualitative data for studying both cell behavior and the mechanisms involved in migration.

Mikroskopie-basierten Methoden für die Beurteilung der Epithelzelle Migration bei der In-vitro- Wundheilung

Cell migration is a mandatory aspect for wound healing. Creating artificial wounds on research animal models often results in costly and complicated ...

Medizin

In vitro Cell Migration and Invasion Assays

Migration is a key property of live cells and critical for normal development, immune response, and disease processes such as cancer metastasis and inflammation. Methods to examine cell migration are very useful and important for a wide range of biomedical research such as cancer biology, immunology, vascular biology, cell biology and developmental biology. Here we use tumor cell migration and invasion as an example and describe two related assays to illustrate the commonly used, easily accessible methods to measure these processes. The first method is the cell culture wound closure assay in which a scratch is generated on a confluent cell monolayer. The speed of wound closure and cell migration can be quantified by taking snapshot pictures with a regular inverted microscope at several time intervals. More detailed cell migratory behavior can be documented using the time-lapse microscopy system. The second method described in this paper is the transwell cell migration and invasion assay that measures the capacity of cell motility and invasiveness toward a chemo-attractant gradient. It is our goal to describe these methods in a highly accessible manner so that the procedures can be successfully performed in research laboratories even just with basic cell biology setup.

In vitro Cell Migration and Invasion Assays

Commonly used, highly accessible methods for examining cell migration and invasion in vitro are described. The first method is the cell wound closure assay that measures cell motility. The second method is the transwell migration and invasion assay that assesses the chemotactic and invasive capacity of cells.

In-vitro-Zellmigration und Invasion Assays

Migration is a key property of live cells and critical for normal development, immune response, and disease processes such as cancer metastasis and ...

Biologie

Scratch Migration Assay and Dorsal Skinfold Chamber for In Vitro and In Vivo Analysis of Wound Healing

Impaired cutaneous wound healing is a major concern for patients suffering from diabetes and for elderly people, and there is a need for an effective treatment. Appropriate in vitro and in vivo approaches are essential for the identification of new target molecules for drug treatments to improve the skin wound healing process. We identified the &#946;3 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels (Cav&#946;3) as a potential target molecule to influence the wound healing in two independent assays, i.e., the in vitro scratch migration assay and the in vivo dorsal skinfold chamber model. Primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) acutely isolated from wild-type (WT) and Cav&#946;3-deficient mice (Cav&#946;3 KO) or fibroblasts acutely isolated from WT mice treated with siRNA to down-regulate the expression of the Cacnb3 gene, encoding Cav&#946;3, were used. A scratch was applied on a confluent cell monolayer and the gap closure was followed by taking microscopic images at defined time points until complete repopulation of the gap by the migrating cells. These images were analyzed, and the cell migration rate was determined for each condition. In an in vivo assay, we implanted a dorsal skinfold chamber on WT and Cav&#946;3 KO mice, applied a defined circular wound of 2 mm diameter, covered the wound with a glass coverslip to protect it from infections and desiccation, and monitored the macroscopic wound closure over time. Wound closure was significantly faster in Cacnb3-gene-deficient mice. Because the results of the in vivo and the in vitro assays correlate well, the in vitro assay may be useful for the high-throughput screening before validating the in vitro hits by the in vivo wound healing model. What we have shown here for wild-type and Cav&#946;3-deficient mice or cells might also be applicable for specific molecules other than Cav&#946;3.

Here, we present a protocol for an in vitro scratch assay using primary fibroblasts and for an in vivo skin wound healing assay in mice. Both assays are straightforward methods to assess in vitro and in vivo wound healing.

Scratch Migration Assay und Dorsal Skinfold Kammer für In Vitro und In Vivo Analyse der Wundheilung

Impaired cutaneous wound healing is a major concern for patients suffering from diabetes and for elderly people, and there is a need for an effective ...

Quantifying Three-Dimensional Cell Migration Within and Into Granular Hydrogel Biomaterials

Granular hydrogel scaffolds hold significant potential in regenerative medicine, functioning either as carriers for cell delivery or as interfaces for tissue integration. This article introduces two novel approaches for quantifying cell migration within and into granular hydrogels, highlighting the distinct applications of these scaffolds. First, a cell monolayer interface assay that simulates tissue growth into granular hydrogels for integration purposes is presented. Second, a spheroid-based assay is described, designed to track cell movement within the hydrogel matrix, specifically suited for applications involving cell delivery. Both methods enable precise and controlled measurements of cell migration, providing a comprehensive toolkit for researchers utilizing granular hydrogel scaffolds. The motivation for these methods stems from the need for tailored control over cell migration within the scaffold to align with specific applications. By optimizing and standardizing these quantification techniques, researchers can iteratively refine granular hydrogel properties, ensuring their effectiveness in diverse regenerative medicine contexts. This robust set of quantitative tools offers new opportunities to enhance granular hydrogel scaffolds, advancing their use in both cell delivery and tissue integration applications.

A protocol for the quantitative evaluation of 3D cell migration within and into the interface of granular hydrogels is presented here.

Quantifizierung der dreidimensionalen Zellmigration innerhalb und in granuläre Hydrogel-Biomaterialien

Granular hydrogel scaffolds hold significant potential in regenerative medicine, functioning either as carriers for cell delivery or as interfaces for ...

An Innovative 3D-Printed Insert Designed to Enable Straightforward 2D and 3D Cell Cultures

The classical analyses of indirect communication between different cell types necessitate the use of conditioned media. Moreover, the production of conditioned media remains time-consuming and far from physiological and pathological conditions. Although a few models of co-culture are commercially available, they remain restricted to specific assays and are mostly for two types of cells. 
Here, 3D-printed inserts are used that are compatible with numerous functional assays. The insert allows the separation of one well of a 6-well plate into four compartments. A wide range of combinations can be set. Moreover, windows are designed in each wall of the compartments so that potential intercellular communication between every compartment is possible in the culture medium in a volume-dependent manner. For example, paracrine intercellular communication can be studied between four cell types in monolayer, in 3D (spheroids), or by combining both. In addition, a mix of different cell types can be seeded in the same compartment in 2D or 3D (organoids) format. The absence of a bottom in the 3D-printed inserts allows the usual culture conditions on the plate, possible coating on the plate containing the insert, and direct visualization by optical microscopy. The multiple compartments provide the possibility to collect different cell types independently or to use, in each compartment, different reagents for RNA or protein extraction. In this study, a detailed methodology is provided to use the new 3D-printed insert as a co-culture system. To demonstrate several capacities of this flexible and simple model, previously published functional assays of cell communication were performed in the new 3D-printed inserts and were demonstrated to be reproducible. The 3D-printed inserts and the conventional cell culture using conditioned media led to similar results. In conclusion, the 3D-printed insert is a simple device that can be adapted to numerous models of co-cultures with adherent cell types.

In this paper, a newly designed 3D-printed insert is presented as a model of co-culture and validated through the study of the paracrine intercellular communication between endothelial cells and keratinocytes.

Ein innovativer 3D-gedruckter Einsatz, der für einfache 2D- und 3D-Zellkulturen entwickelt wurde

The classical analyses of indirect communication between different cell types necessitate the use of conditioned media. Moreover, the production of ...