The authors would like to acknowledge the BPI PIAVE AUTONOTEX grant for the financial support.

1. Patterning Leitfähige Polymere auf Textilien <ol><li> Fix eine 10 cm x 10 cm Textilfolie auf einer ebenen Oberfläche für eine einfache Handhabung während des Prozesses. Für die Textil-, verwenden, um eine 100% Interlock-Strickpolyestergewebe mit einer Dicke von 300 &amp; mgr; m und einer Strickrichtung Stretch-Fähigkeit bis zu 50%. </li><li> Um eine Maske mit dem Musterentwurf machen, verwenden Sie eine 125 um dicke Polyimid-Folie; Ein Beispiel des Musters ist in Figur 1 veranschaulicht. <ol><li> Verwenden Sie einen Laserschneider (zB Protolaser S, LPKF) zum Muster der Polyimid - Maske 10; die Musterauslegung einer Elektrode ist in Abbildung 1 veranschaulicht. </li><li> Bestreichen Sie die PDMS-Formulierung (10: 1 Base Agent Verhältnis Härtung) auf der Oberseite der Maske (Polyimid-Folie) mit einem automatischen Bandgusswerkzeug (K Steuerdruck-Beschichtungsvorrichtung, Rakel) mit einer Nassfilmdicke von 200 &amp; mgr; m und bei einer 6 m / min Beschichtungsgeschwindigkeit. Verwenden etwa 0,5 ml für eine Maske von 3 cm x 5 cm. Führen Sie thist unter dem Abzug Prozess. </li></ol></li><li> übertragen Sie den Stoff vorsichtig an die PDMS-beschichteten Maske. Lassen Sie für 10 Minuten, danach sollten die PDMS vollständig in der Textilstruktur aufgenommen werden. </li><li> Härten der Probe in einem Luftofen bei 100 ° C für 10 min. </li><li> Vorbereiten des leitenden Polymers: PEDOT: PSS-Dispersion (80 ml), Ethylenglykol (20 ml), 4-Dodecylbenzolsulfonsäure (40 ul) und 3-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilan (1 ml) in der Abzugshaube. </li><li> Bürstenbeschichtung der PEDOT: PSS-Lösung auf dem PDMS-freien Bereich des Textils, bis ein homogenes Eindringen der Lösung erhalten wird. Wiederholen Sie diesen Schritt ein einheitliches Muster Farbe zu erzielen. Gelten etwa 1 ml / cm 2. </li><li> Härten des Gewebes bei 110 ° C für 1 h, um die PEDOT trocknen: PSS-Lösung. Reduzieren Sie die Temperatur auf 60 ° C für Textilien, die auf eine Behandlung mit hoher Temperatur empfindlich sind, wie Nylon. </li></ol> 2. Organische Bauelementherstellung HINWEIS: Das Protokoll in Abschnitt 1 describes die selektive Abscheidung von Materialien auf Textilien durch. In den folgenden Abschnitten werden die zusätzlichen Schritte beschreiben benötigten organischen Vorrichtungen herzustellen, wie Dehnungssensoren, OECT Transistoren, Hautelektroden und kapazitive Sensoren. <ol><li> Um Dehnungssensoren, gezeigt in 3a, Muster , welches die Elektrodenleitungen auf dem Textil herzustellen, wie in Abschnitt 1 beschrieben, werden die Schritte 1,1-1,5. HINWEIS: Ein Beispiel für die Musterauslegung ist in 3a gezeigt. Die Herstellung solcher Sensoren erfordert keine zusätzlichen Schritte. </li><li> Um den Aufbau des Transistors herzustellen in 3b gezeigt, Muster der Transistor - Arrays auf einem Nylon Webband nach den in Abschnitt beschriebenen Schritte 1. Ändern Sie leicht die PDMS - Glüh- und PEDOT: PSS Schritte Härten des thermischen Abbau von Nylon zu vermeiden , indem bei 60 ° Härtung C für eine längere Zeit. </li><li> Für die Herstellung von Hautelektroden, in 3c gezeigt ist , abzuscheiden einionischen Gel auf der gemusterten PEDOT: PSS Textilien. <ol><li> Bereiten einer ionischen Flüssigkeit Gelgemisch enthält die ionische Flüssigkeit 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium-Ethylsulfat; das Vernetzungsmittel, Poly (ethylenglykol) diacrylat; und der Photoinitiator, 2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenon mit einer (v / v) Verhältnis von 0,6 / 0,35 / 0,05. </li><li> Bestreichen Sie die PEDOT: PSS - Elektrode mit ionischen Flüssigkeit (20 &amp; mgr; l / cm 2) und fügen Sie die ionische Flüssigkeit Gel Mischung aus Schritt 2.3.1 (25 &amp; mgr; l / cm 2) für Tropfen Gießen. </li><li> Expose mit UV-Licht (365 nm), um eine Vernetzungsreaktion für 10-15 min zu initiieren, bis das Gel erstarrt. Führen Sie diesen Schritt in der Abzugshaube. Verwenden Sie einen UV-Schutzkorb bei UV-Exposition. </li></ol></li><li> Für kapazitive Sensorherstellungs Verwenden PEDOT: PSS textile Elektroden mit einem isolierenden Material (Abbildung 3d) isoliert. <ol><li> Isolieren Sie die Tastatur-wie PEDOT: PSS-Elektroden die PDMS; die Tastatur - Design kann in 2b zu sehen &lt;/ Strong&gt;. Dispense die PDMS-Formulierung auf der Oberseite des Gewebes und entfernen Sie den Überschuss mit einem Rakel. </li><li> Platzieren Sie den Stoff in einem Ofen bei 100 ° C für 10 min. Führen Sie diesen Schritt in der Abzugshaube. </li></ol></li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Die Strukturierung der leitfähigen Materialien ist einer der ersten Schritte bei der Herstellung von funktionellen elektronischen Geräten. Dies kann schwierig werden, da der Herstellungsprozess Berücksichtigung der chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften solcher Materialien zu nehmen braucht, und der Prozessablauf braucht die Materialquer Kompatibilität zwischen den Herstellungsschritten zu berücksichtigen. In dem Mikrofabrikations von organischen elektronischen Vorrichtungen sind diese beiden Aspekte noch deut...

Das Gebiet der Wearable Electronics ist ein schnell wachsender Markt erwartet im Jahr 2025 im Wert von 50 Milliarden Euro sein, mehr als das Dreifache des aktuellen Markt. Die größte Herausforderung aktuelle tragbare Geräte zugewandt ist, dass aufdringliche solide elektronische Anlagen, die Nutzung etablierter Geräte in tragbaren Systemen begrenzen. Mit Textilien, die bereits im Alltag ist ein sehr attraktiver und einfacher Ansatz, diese Einschränkung zu vermeiden. Aufgrund ihrer elastischen Fähigkeit, einige Teile der Kleidung, die wir sind von Natur aus mit der Haut in engen Kontakt tragen. Viele Beispiele für intelligente Kleidung auf dem Markt basieren heute auf dünnen, Kunststoff - Displays, Tastaturen und Lichtquellenvorrichtungen in Textilien eingebettet und verbindet Elektronik mit Menschen in einem modischen Weg 1. In der Sportpraxis setzt die Gesundheitsüberwachung auf Textil-Elektroden, die eine bequeme Alternativen bieten zu Klebeelektroden und Metall-Armbänder verwendet. Hier leitfähige Fasern sinddirekt integriert mit dehnbare Stoffe Hautreizungen und andere Beschwerden bei längerer Verschleiß zu vermeiden. Zusätzlich bieten Textilien eine Reihe von Möglichkeiten Krümmungssensoren zur Erfassung der Bewegung 2 zu integrieren , Schersensoren für die Entwicklung von funktionellen Roboter Aktuatoren 3, zu integrieren und sicher 4 Biosensoren durch den Nachweis eines Analyten im Schweiß zu integrieren. Moderne tragbare Technologie beruht auf Kohlenstoff basierenden Halbleitermaterialien, die elektronische Geräte mit einzigartigen Eigenschaften zu liefern. Die &quot;weichen&quot; Art von organischen Stoffen bietet bessere mechanische Eigenschaften für den menschlichen Körper im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Festkörperelektronik Schnittstelle. Diese mechanische Kompatibilität, gepaart mit mechanisch flexiblen Substraten, ermöglicht die Verwendung von nicht-ebenen Formfaktoren in Geräten wie Textilien. Die Verwendung von organischen Stoffen ist auch relevant in Life Sciences aufgrund ihrer gemischten electronic und Ionenleitfähigkeit 5. Außerdem ermächtigen organischen Halbleiter- und optoelektronischen Materialien eine Vielzahl von Funktionsgeräte mit Display, Transistor, Logik und Leistungsfähigkeiten 6, 7, 8, 9. Die Hauptschwierigkeit bei der Herstellung von solchen organischen Vorrichtungen ist die kontrollierte Abscheidung von Funktionsmaterialien auf die nicht ebenen Oberflächen von Textilien. Herkömmliche Mikrofabrikationstechniken werden durch die Unverträglichkeit des Abscheidungsprozesses mit der strukturellen Dimensionalität von textilen Substraten in erster Linie beschränkt. Hier beschreiben wir eine einfache und skalierbare Herstellungsprotokoll, das auf strukturierte Textilien aus leitfähigen Polymeren für die selektive Abscheidung ermöglicht. Das vorgestellte Verfahren ermöglicht die Herstellung von tragbaren und konforme elektronische Geräte. Der Ansatz basiert auf der Strukturierung der commercially verfügbar leitende Polymer Poly (3,4-ethylendioxythiophen): Poly (styrolsulfonat) (PEDOT: PSS) und ein elastomeres Schablonenmaterial Polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS) auf Textil. Diese Kombination ermöglicht die effiziente Begrenzung der wässrigen PEDOT: PSS-Lösung sowie für die Beibehaltung der Weich und dehnbaren Eigenschaften von Textilien. Dieses einfache und zuverlässige Herstellungsmethode bereitet den Weg für die Herstellung einer Vielzahl von elektronischen Geräten direkt auf Textilien in einer kosteneffizienten und industriell skalierbar.

<table><tbody><tr><td>SYLGARD 184, Silicone elastomer kit (Base and Curing agent)</td><td>Dow Corning</td><td></td><td>PDMS elastomer</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;The conducting polymer formulation&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>CleviosTM PH 1000 PEDOT:PSS</td><td>Heraeus</td><td></td><td>Conductive polymer</td></tr><tr><td>Ethylene glycol</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>03750-250ML</td><td>Solvent (EG), CAS: 107-21-1</td></tr><tr><td>3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>M6514</td><td>Cros linker (GOPs), CAS: 2530-85-0</td></tr><tr><td>4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>44198</td><td>DBSA; CAS: 121-65-3</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;The ionic liquid gel&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>UV lamp DFE 2340</td><td>C.I.F/ ATHELEC</td><td>DP134</td><td>UV-365 nm</td></tr><tr><td>1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethyl sulfate</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>51682-100G-F</td><td>Ionic Liquid (IL), CAS: 342573-75-5</td></tr><tr><td>Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>455008-100ML</td><td>Mn 700, CAS: 26570-48-9</td></tr><tr><td>2-Hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenon</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>405655-50ML</td><td>Phot Initiator (PI), CAS: 7473-98-5</td></tr><tr><td>The textile fabric</td><td>VWR</td><td>Spec-Wipe 7 Wipers</td><td>100% interlock knit polyester fabric</td></tr><tr><td>The polyimide film</td><td>DuPont</td><td>HN100</td><td>Polyimide film with 125 &amp;micro;m thickness</td></tr></tbody></table>

a simple and scalable fabrication method for organic electronic devices on textiles

Today, wearable electronics devices combine a large variety of functional, stretchable, and flexible technologies. However, in many cases, these devices cannot be worn under everyday conditions. Therefore, textiles are commonly considered the best substrate to accommodate electronic devices in wearable use. In this paper, we describe how to selectively pattern organic electroactive materials on textiles from a solution in an easy and scalable manner. This versatile deposition technique enables the fabrication of wearable organic electronic devices on clothes.

Traditionelle Methoden für Farben oder Muster auf Textilien setzen auf entfernbaren Maskierungsschichten zu ermöglichen, die selektive Abscheidung von Farbstoffen anwenden. In 1 zeigen wir die Anpassung eines solchen Ansatzes zur Strukturierung von PEDOT: PSS Elektroden auf Textilien. Als Maskierungsschicht verwendeten wir hydrophobem Polydimethylsiloxan, das die nicht-steuerbaren Diffusion des wässrigen PEDOT zurückhalten kann: PSS-Lösung. Darüber hinaus kann die ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple and Scalable Fabrication Method for Organic Electronic Devices on Textiles at JoVE.com

A Simple and Scalable Fabrication Method for Organic Electronic Devices on Textiles

In diesem Beitrag stellen wir ein Protokoll selektiv organische Materialien auf Textilien zu deponieren, die für die direkte Integration von organischen elektronischen Vorrichtungen mit Wearables erlaubt. Die hergestellten Geräte können vollständig in Textilien integriert werden, deren mechanische Erscheinungsbild zu respektieren und ermöglicht Sensorfunktionen.

Eine einfache und skalierbare Herstellungsverfahren für organische elektronische Vorrichtungen auf Textilien

Today, wearable electronics devices combine a large variety of functional, stretchable, and flexible technologies. However, in many cases, these devices ...

a-simple-scalable-fabrication-method-for-organic-electronic-devices

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

10.3K Aufrufe.  Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne, CMP-EMSE, MOC.  In diesem Beitrag stellen wir ein Protokoll selektiv organische Materialien auf Textilien zu deponieren, die für die direkte Integration von organischen elektronischen Vorrichtungen mit Wearables erlaubt. Die hergestellten Geräte können vollständig in Textilien integriert werden, deren mechanische Erscheinungsbild zu respektieren und ermöglicht Sensorfunktionen. 

Serie: A Simple and Scalable Fabrication Method for Organic Electronic Devices on Textiles

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Polymer-based materials hold promise as low-cost, flexible efficient photovoltaic devices. Most laboratory efforts to achieve high performance devices have used devices prepared by spin coating, a process that is not amenable to large-scale fabrication. This mismatch in device fabrication makes it difficult to translate quantitative results obtained in the laboratory to the commercial level, making optimization difficult. Using a mini-slot die coater, this mismatch can be resolved by translating the commercial process to the laboratory and characterizing the structure formation in the active layer of the device in real time and in situ as films are coated onto a substrate. The evolution of the morphology was characterized under different conditions, allowing us to propose a mechanism by which the structures form and grow. This mini-slot die coater offers a simple, convenient, material efficient route by which the morphology in the active layer can be optimized under industrially relevant conditions. The goal of this protocol is to show experimental details of how a solar cell device is fabricated using a mini-slot die coater and technical details of running in situ structure characterization using the mini-slot die coater.

Printing Fabrication of Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells and In Situ Morphology Characterization

Here, we present a protocol to fabricate organic thin film solar cells using a mini-slot die coater and related in-line structure characterizations using synchrotron scattering techniques.

Printing Herstellung von Bulk-Heterosolarzellen und<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Morphologie Charakterisierung

Polymer-based materials hold promise as low-cost, flexible efficient photovoltaic devices. Most laboratory efforts to achieve high performance devices ...

Forschung

Ingenieurwesen

Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices

We demonstrate a method for the preparation of fully solution processed inorganic solar cells from a spin and spray coating deposition of nanocrystal inks. For the photoactive absorber layer, colloidal CdTe and CdSe nanocrystals (3-5 nm) are synthesized using an inert hot injection technique and cleaned with precipitations to remove excess starting reagents. Similarly, gold nanocrystals (3-5 nm) are synthesized under ambient conditions and dissolved in organic solvents. In addition, precursor solutions for transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) films are prepared from solutions of indium and tin salts paired with a reactive oxidizer. Layer-by-layer, these solutions are deposited onto a glass substrate following annealing (200-400 &#176;C) to build the nanocrystal solar cell (glass/ITO/CdSe/CdTe/Au). Pre-annealing ligand exchange is required for CdSe and CdTe nanocrystals where films are dipped in NH4Cl:methanol to replace long-chain native ligands with small inorganic Cl- anions. NH4Cl(s) was found to act as a catalyst for the sintering reaction (as a non-toxic alternative to the conventional CdCl2(s) treatment) leading to grain growth (136&#177;39 nm) during heating. The thickness and roughness of the prepared films are characterized with SEM and optical profilometry. FTIR is used to determine the degree of ligand exchange prior to sintering, and XRD is used to verify the crystallinity and phase of each material. UV/Vis spectra show high visible light transmission through the ITO layer and a red shift in the absorbance of the cadmium chalcogenide nanocrystals after thermal annealing. Current-voltage curves of completed devices are measured under simulated one sun illumination. Small differences in deposition techniques and reagents employed during ligand exchange have been shown to have a profound influence on the device properties. Here, we examine the effects of chemical (sintering and ligand exchange agents) and physical treatments (solution concentration, spray-pressure, annealing time and annealing temperature) on photovoltaic device performance.

This protocol describes the synthesis and solution deposition of inorganic nanocrystals layer by layer to produce thin film electronics on non-conductive surfaces. Solvent-stabilized inks can produce complete photovoltaic devices on glass substrates via spin and spray coating following post-deposition ligand exchange and sintering.

Die Herstellung von Voll Lösung verarbeitet Anorganische Nanokristalline Photovoltaik-Anlagen

We demonstrate a method for the preparation of fully solution processed inorganic solar cells from a spin and spray coating deposition of nanocrystal ...

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a polymer film. This paper also presents a low-cost, vacuum-free fabrication method for this novel TE; the approach combines lithography, electroplating, and imprint transfer (LEIT) processing. The embedded nature of the EMTEs offers many advantages, such as high surface smoothness, which is essential for organic electronic device production; superior mechanical stability during bending; favorable resistance to chemicals and moisture; and strong adhesion with plastic film. LEIT fabrication features an electroplating process for vacuum-free metal deposition and is favorable for industrial mass production. Furthermore, LEIT allows for the fabrication of metal mesh with a high aspect ratio (i.e., thickness to linewidth), significantly enhancing its electrical conductance without adversely losing optical transmittance. We demonstrate several prototypes of flexible EMTEs, with sheet resistances lower than 1 &#937;/sq and transmittances greater than 90%, resulting in very high figures of merit (FoM) &#8211; up to 1.5 x 104 &#8211; which are amongst the best values in the published literature.

This protocol describes a solution-based fabrication strategy for high-performance, flexible, transparent electrodes with fully-embedded, thick metal mesh. Flexible transparent electrodes fabricated by this process demonstrate among the highest reported performances, including ultra-low sheet resistance, high optical transmittance, mechanical stability under bending, strong substrate adhesion, surface smoothness, and environmental stability.

Skalierbare, lösungsverarbeitete Fertigungsstrategie für leistungsstarke, flexible, transparente Elektroden mit eingebettetem Metallgewebe

Here, the authors report the embedded metal-mesh transparent electrode (EMTE), a new transparent electrode (TE) with a metal mesh completely embedded in a ...

Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. Conductive polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT), and a semiconducting polymer, poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PTT), were deposited on unconventional highly-disordered and textured substrates with high surface areas, such as paper, towels and fabrics. This reported deposition chamber is an improvement of previous vapor reactors because our system can accommodate both volatile and nonvolatile monomers, such as 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene. Utilization of both solid and liquid oxidants are also demonstrated. One limitation of this method is that it lacks sophisticated in situ thickness monitors. Polymer coatings made by the commonly used solution-based coating methods, such as spin-coating and surface grafting, are often not uniform or susceptible to mechanical degradation. This reported vapor phase deposition method overcomes those drawbacks and is a strong alternative to common solution-based coating methods. Notably, polymer films coated by the reported method are uniform and conformal on rough surfaces, even at a micrometer scale. This feature allows for future application of vapor deposited polymers in electronics devices on flexible and highly textured substrates.

This paper presents a protocol for reactive vapor deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene), and poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) films on glass slides and rough substrates, such as textiles and paper.

Reaktiven Aufdampfen von konjugierten Polymerfilmen auf beliebigen Substraten

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. ...

Chemie

Fabrication of Flexible Image Sensor Based on Lateral NIPIN Phototransistors

Flexible photodetectors have been intensely studied for the use of curved image sensors, which are a crucial component in bio-inspired imaging systems, but several challenging points remain, such as a low absorption efficiency due to a thin active layer and low flexibility. We present an advanced method to fabricate a flexible phototransistor array with an improved electrical performance. The outstanding electrical performance is driven by a low dark current owing to deep impurity doping. Stretchable and flexible metal interconnectors simultaneously offer electrical and mechanical stabilities in a highly deformed state. The protocol explicitly describes the fabrication process of the phototransistor using a thin silicon membrane. By measuring I-V characteristics of the completed device in deformed states, we demonstrate that this approach improves the mechanical and electrical stabilities of the phototransistor array. We expect that this approach to a flexible phototransistor can be widely used for the applications of not only next-generation imaging systems/optoelectronics but also wearable devices such as tactile/pressure/temperature sensors and health monitors.

We present a detailed method to fabricate a deformable lateral NIPIN phototransistor array for curved image sensors. The phototransistor array with an open mesh form, which is composed of thin silicon islands and stretchable metal interconnectors, provides flexibility and stretchability. The parameter analyzer characterizes the electrical property of the fabricated phototransistor.

Herstellung von flexiblen Bildsensor basierend auf seitliche NIPIN Fototransistoren

Flexible photodetectors have been intensely studied for the use of curved image sensors, which are a crucial component in bio-inspired imaging systems, ...

Fabrication and Characterization of a Conformal Skin-like Electronic System for Quantitative, Cutaneous Wound Management

Recent advances in the development of electronic technologies and biomedical devices offer opportunities for non-invasive, quantitative assessment of cutaneous wound healing on the skin. Existing methods, however, still rely on visual inspections through various microscopic tools and devices that normally include high-cost, sophisticated systems and require well trained personnel for operation and data analysis. Here, we describe methods and protocols to fabricate a conformal, skin-like electronics system that enables conformal lamination to the skin surface near the wound tissues, which provides recording of high fidelity electrical signals such as skin temperature and thermal conductivity. The methods of device fabrication provide details of step-by-step preparation of the microelectronic system that is completely enclosed with elastomeric silicone materials to offer electrical isolation. The experimental study presents multifunctional, biocompatible, waterproof, reusable, and flexible/stretchable characteristics of the device for clinical applications. Protocols of clinical testing provide an overview and sequential process of cleaning, testing setup, system operation, and data acquisition with the skin-like electronics, gently mounted on hypersensitive, cutaneous wound and contralateral tissues on patients.

This article presents methods to fabricate and characterize a conformal, skin-like electronic system and protocols for the use in clinical applications, particularly on cutaneous wound management.

Herstellung und Charakterisierung eines Conformal-Haut-like Electronic System for Quantitative, kutane Wundmanagement

Recent advances in the development of electronic technologies and biomedical devices offer opportunities for non-invasive, quantitative assessment of ...

Biotechnik

Hybrid Printing for the Fabrication of Smart Sensors

A method to combine additively manufactured substrates or foils and multilayer inkjet printing for the fabrication of sensor devices is presented. First, three substrates (acrylate, ceramics, and copper) are prepared. To determine the resulting material properties of these substrates, profilometer, contact angle, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and focused ion beam (FIB) measurements are done. The achievable printing resolution and suitable drop volume for each substrate are, then, found through the drop size tests. Then, layers of insulating and conductive ink are inkjet printed alternately to fabricate the target sensor structures. After each printing step, the respective layers are individually treated by photonic curing. The parameters used for the curing of each layer are adapted depending on the printed ink, as well as on the surface properties of the respective substrate. To confirm the resulting conductivity and to determine the quality of the printed surface, four-point probe and profilometer measurements are done. Finally, a measurement set-up and results achieved by such an all-printed sensor system are shown to demonstrate the achievable quality.

Here we present a protocol for the fabrication of inkjet-printed multilayer sensor structures on additively manufactured substrates and foil.

Hybrid für die Herstellung von intelligenten Sensoren drucken

A method to combine additively manufactured substrates or foils and multilayer inkjet printing for the fabrication of sensor devices is presented. First, ...

Fabricating Cotton Analytical Devices

A robust, low-cost analytical device should be user-friendly, rapid, and affordable. Such devices should also be able to operate with scarce samples and provide information for follow-up treatment. Here, we demonstrate the development of a cotton-based urinalysis (i.e., nitrite, total protein, and urobilinogen assays) analytical device that employs a lateral flow-based format, and is inexpensive, easily fabricated, rapid, and can be used to conduct multiple tests without cross-contamination worries. Cotton is composed of cellulose fibers with natural absorptive properties that can be leveraged for flow-based analysis. The simple but elegant fabrication process of our cotton-based analytical device is described in this study. The arrangement of the cotton structure and test pad takes advantage of the hydrophobicity and absorptive strength of each material. Because of these physical characteristics, colorimetric results can persistently adhere to the test pad. This device enables physicians to receive clinical information in a timely manner and shows great potential as a tool for early intervention.

To investigate simple fabrication approaches for multiple assay needs, we created a fluid-absorbing channel system made of cotton material. This device was used to establish a multiple detection platform, and solve contamination issues that commonly affect lateral flow-based biomedical devices, for clinical urinalysis of nitrite, total protein, and urobilinogen.

Die Herstellung von Baumwolle Analytische Geräte

A robust, low-cost analytical device should be user-friendly, rapid, and affordable. Such devices should also be able to operate with scarce samples and ...

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

The use of highly efficient organic emitters based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) concept is interesting due to their 100% internal quantum efficiency. Presented here is a solution deposition method for the fabrication of efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on a TADF emitter in a simple device structure. This fast, low-cost, and efficient process can be used for all OLED emissive layers that follow the host-guest concept. The fundamental steps are described along with necessary information for further reproduction. The goal to establish a general protocol that can be easily adapted for principal organic emitters currently under study and development.

Presented here is a protocol for the fabrication of efficient, simple, solution-deposited organic light-emitting diodes with low roll-off.

Entwicklung effizienter OLEDs aus Solution Deposition

The use of highly efficient organic emitters based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) concept is interesting due to their 100% ...

Fabrication of Fine Electrodes on the Tip of Hypodermic Needle Using Photoresist Spray Coating and Flexible Photomask for Biomedical Applications

We have introduced a fabrication method for electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-on-a-needle (EoN: EIS-on-a-needle) to locate target tissues in the body by measuring and analyzing differences in the electrical impedance between dissimilar biotissues. This paper describes the fabrication method of fine interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) at the tip of a hypodermic needle using a photoresist spray coating and flexible film photomask in the photolithography process. A polyethylene terephthalate (PET) heat shrink tube (HST) with a wall thickness of 25 &#181;m is employed as the insulation and passivation layer. The PET HST shows a higher mechanical durability compared with poly(p-xylylene) polymers, which have been widely used as a dielectric coating material. Furthermore, the HST shows good chemical resistance to most acids and bases, which is advantageous for limiting chemical damage to the EoN. The use of the EoN is especially preferred for the characterization of chemicals/biomaterials or fabrication using acidic/basic chemicals. The fabricated gap and width of the IDEs are as small as 20 &#181;m, and the overall width and length of the IDEs are 400 &#181;m and 860 &#181;m, respectively. The fabrication margin from the tip (distance between the tip of hypodermic needle and starting point of the IDEs) of the hypodermic needle is as small as 680 &#181;m, which indicates that unnecessarily excessive invasion into biotissues can be avoided during the electrical impedance measurement. The EoN has a high potential for clinical use, such as for thyroid biopsies and anesthesia drug delivery in a spinal space. Further, even in surgery that involves the partial resection of tumors, the EoN can be employed to preserve as much normal tissue as possible by detecting the surgical margin (normal tissue that is removed with the surgical excision of a tumor) between the normal and lesion tissues.

The fabrication method for fine interdigitated electrodes (gap and width: 20 &#181;m) at the tip of a hypodermic needle (diameter: 720 &#181;m) is demonstrated using a spray coating and flexible film photomask in the photolithography process.

Herstellung von feinen Elektroden an der Spitze der Injektionsnadel mit Fotolack Spritzen und Flexible Fotomaske für biomedizinische Anwendungen

We have introduced a fabrication method for electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)-on-a-needle (EoN: EIS-on-a-needle) to locate target tissues in the ...