Name: evaluating regional pulmonary deposition using patient-specific 3d printed lung models
Uploaded: 2020-11-11T13:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 56 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluating Regional Pulmonary Deposition using Patient-Specific 3D Printed Lung Models at JoVE.com

Die Autoren danken Professor Yu Feng, Dr. Jenna Briddell, Ian Woodward und Lucas Attia für ihre hilfreichen Diskussionen.

<ol>
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How Medical 3D Printing is Gaining Ground in Top Hospitals Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.materialise.com/en/blog/3d-printing-hospitals">https://www.materialise.com/en/blog/3d-printing-hospitals</a> (2019)</li><li>Weber, P. W., Price, O. T., McClellan, G. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Demographic+Variability+of+Inhalation+Mechanics:+A+Review.">Demographic Variability of Inhalation Mechanics: A Review.</a> Defense Threat Reduction Agency. , (2016).</li><li>Jiang, Y. Y., Xu, X., Su, H. L., Liu, D. X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gender-related+difference+in+the+upper+airway+dimensions+and+hyoid+bone+position+in+Chinese+Han+children+and+adolescents+aged+6-18+years+using+cone+beam+computed+tomography.">Gender-related difference in the upper airway dimensions and hyoid bone position in Chinese Han children and adolescents aged 6-18 years using cone beam computed tomography.</a> Acta Odontologica Scandinavica. 73 (5), 391-400 (2015).</li><li>Martin, S. E., Mathur, R., Marshall, I., Douglas, N. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effect+of+age,+sex,+obesity+and+posture+on+upper+airway+size.">The effect of age, sex, obesity and posture on upper airway size.</a> European Respiratory Journal. 10 (9), 2087 (1997).</li><li>Xi, J., Longest, P. W., Martonen, T. 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S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+obstructive+pulmonary+disease:+lobe-based+visual+assessment+of+volumetric+CT+by+Using+standard+images--comparison+with+quantitative+CT+and+pulmonary+function+test+in+the+COPDGene+study.">Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: lobe-based visual assessment of volumetric CT by Using standard images--comparison with quantitative CT and pulmonary function test in the COPDGene study.</a> Radiology. 266 (2), 626-635 (2013).</li><li>. The Cancer Imaging Archive Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cancerimagingarchive.net/">https://www.cancerimagingarchive.net/</a> (2020)</li><li>Li, A., Ahmadi, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Computer+Simulation+of+Deposition+of+Aerosols+in+a+Turbulent+Channel+Flow+with+Rough+Walls.">Computer Simulation of Deposition of Aerosols in a Turbulent Channel Flow with Rough Walls.</a> Aerosol Science and Technology. 18 (1), 11-24 (1993).</li><li>Khalili, S. 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Die Autoren haben nichts zu verraten.

Das aktuelle hochmoderne Gerät zur pulmonalen pharmazeutischen Prüfung einer vollständigen Inhalationsdosis ist der Next Generator Impactor (NGI), der den aerodynamischen Durchmesser eines Aerosols4misst. Diese Größendaten werden dann verwendet, um die Lungengeneration vorherzusagen, bei der sich das Aerosol auf der Grundlage einer Korrelation ablagern wird, die für ein gesundes erwachsenes Männchen entwickelt wurde11. Leider ist diese Methode in ihrer Fähigkeit ein...

Viele Lungenerkrankungen wie Lungenkrebs und chronisch obstruktive Lungenerkrankungen (COPD) weisen regionale Unterschiede in den Krankheitsmerkmalen auf; Es fehlt jedoch an therapeutischen Techniken, um die Medikamentenabgabe nur in erkrankte Regionen der Lunge1zu zielen. Mehrere Computerfluid-Dynamikmodelle (CFD) haben gezeigt, dass es möglich ist, Arzneimittelabscheidungsprofile zu modulieren, indem spezifische Stromlinien in der Lunge identifiziert werden2,3. Die Entwicklung von Inhalatoren und Endotracheal (ET) Rohradaptern mit regionalen Targeting-Fähigkeiten ist in unserem Labor im Gange, um die Aerosolverteilung in erkrankte Lungenregionen zu kontrollieren. Die Ausweitung dieser Prinzipien auf die klinische Anwendung wird durch die derzeitige präklinische Testkapazität begrenzt. Der genaue Ort, an dem sich ein Medikament in der Lunge ablagert, ist bekanntlich der beste Prädiktor für die Wirksamkeit; jedoch werden aktuelle pharmazeutische Bewertungen von inhalierbaren Therapeutika am häufigsten mit In-vitro-in-vivo-Korrelationen der Partikelgröße vorhergesagt, um nur ungefähre Ablagerung4. Diese Technik erlaubt keine räumliche Analyse, um die Auswirkungen verschiedener Atemwegsgeometrien auf die regionale Verteilung durch die verschiedenen Lungenlappen zu bestimmen. Darüber hinaus fehlt es bei diesem Test an anatomisch genauen Lungengeometrien, die Forscher n. Chr. signifikant auf ablagerungsprofile5auswirken können. Es wurden einige Anstrengungen unternommen, um patientenspezifische Lungengeometrien durch Zugabe der oberen Atemwege in Testprotokolle zu integrieren; jedoch, die meisten dieser Ansätze Probe Aerosol-Lieferung an verschiedene Generationen der Lunge anstatt jeder Lungenlappen6,7,8. Das folgende Protokoll stellt eine Methode mit hohem Durchsatz zur Generierung patientenspezifischer Lungenmodelle dar, mit der fähigkeit, die relative Partikelabscheidung in jedem der fünf Lappen der Lunge9zu quantifizieren.
Anatomisch genaue Modelllungen werden durch 3D-Druck-Patienten-Computertomographie (CT)-Scans erzeugt. In Verbindung mit einem leicht zu montierenden Strömungssystem können die relativen Durchflussraten durch die Lappen der Modelllunge unabhängig gesteuert und an die verschiedenen Demografischen und/oder Krankheitszustände des Patienten angepasst werden. Mit dieser Methode können Forscher die Wirksamkeit potenzieller therapeutischer Methoden in einer relevanten Lungengeometrie testen und die Leistung jeder Methode mit dem Fortschreiten der erkrankten Morphologie korrelieren. Hier werden zwei in unserem Labor entwickelte Gerätedesigns auf ihre Fähigkeit getestet, die Ablagerung in einem gewünschten Lungenlappen zu erhöhen, indem sie die Position der Aerosolfreisetzung im Mund oder in der Luftröhre steuern. Dieses Protokoll hat auch das Potenzial, die Entwicklung personalisierter Verfahren für Patienten erheblich zu beeinflussen, indem es die schnelle Vorhersage der Wirksamkeit der Behandlung in einer Modelllunge erleichtert, die für die CT-Scandaten dieses Patienten spezifisch ist.

<table><tbody><tr><td>1/4&quot; Plastic Barbed Tube Fitting</td><td>McMaster Carr</td><td>5372K111</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 um Filter Paper</td><td>Fisher</td><td>1093-110</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1um Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles</td><td>Polysciences</td><td>15702-10</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1um Non-Fluorescent Polystyrene Particles</td><td>Polysciences</td><td>8226</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2-Propanol</td><td>Fisher</td><td>A516-4</td><td>Referred to in protocol as &quot;IPA&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>3/8&quot; Plastic Barbed Tube Fitting</td><td>McMaster Carr</td><td>5372K117</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Air Flow Meter (1 - 280 mL/min)</td><td>McMaster Carr</td><td>41695K32</td><td>Referred to in protocol as &quot;flow meter&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>Carbon M1 3D Printer</td><td>Carbon 3D</td><td></td><td>https://www.carbon3d.com/, Associated software referred to in protocol as &quot;slicing software&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>Collison Jet Nebulizer</td><td>CH Technologies</td><td>ARGCNB0008 (CN-25)</td><td>6 Jet MRE style horizontal collision with glass jar, Referred to in protocol as &quot;nebulizer&quot;, http://chtechusa.com/Manuals/MRE_Collison_Manual.pdf</td></tr><tr><td>Convection Oven</td><td>Yamato</td><td>DKN602</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Copley Critical Flow Controller TPK2000 Reve 120V</td><td>MSP Corp</td><td>0001-01-9810</td><td>Referred to in protocol as &quot;flow controller&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>Copley High Capacity Pump Model HCP5</td><td>MSP Corp</td><td>0001-01-9982</td><td>Referred to in protocol as &quot;vacuum pump&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>Cytation</td><td>BioTek</td><td>CYT5MPV</td><td>Multifunctional Spectrophotometer/Fluorescent imager equiped with 4x/20x/40x objectives and DAPI/GFP/TexasRed laser/filter cubes</td></tr><tr><td>EPU40 Resin</td><td>Carbon 3D</td><td></td><td>https://www.carbon3d.com/materials/epu-elastomeric-polyurethane/, Referred to in protocol as &quot;soft resin&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>Filter for vacuum pump</td><td>Whatman</td><td>6722-5000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Flow Meter Model DFM 2000</td><td>MSP Corp</td><td>0001-01-8764</td><td>Referred to in protocol as &quot;electronic flow meter&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>ImageJ Software</td><td>ImageJ</td><td></td><td>https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/download.html</td></tr><tr><td>Inline Air Flow Control Valve (Push-to-Connect)</td><td>McMaster Carr</td><td>62005K333</td><td>Referred to in protocol as &quot;valve&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>Inline Filter Devices</td><td>Whatman</td><td>WHA67225000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Marine-Grade Plywood Sheet</td><td>McMaster Carr</td><td>62005K333</td><td>Referred to in protocol as &quot;wooden board&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>Materialise Mimics Software</td><td>Materialise</td><td></td><td>https://www.materialise.com/en/medical/mimics-innovation-suite, Referred to in protocol as &quot;CT scan software&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>Meshmixer Software</td><td>Autodesk</td><td></td><td>http://www.meshmixer.com/, Referred to in protocol as &quot;mesh editing software&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>Methanol</td><td>Fisher</td><td>A454-4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Opticure LED Cube</td><td>APM Technica</td><td>102843</td><td>Referred to in protocol as &quot;UV oven&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>PR25 Resin</td><td>Carbon 3D</td><td></td><td>https://www.carbon3d.com/materials/uma-urethanemethacrylate, /Referred to in protocol as &quot;hard resin&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>PVC Tube for Chemicals</td><td>McMaster Carr</td><td>5231K161</td><td>1/4&quot; ID</td></tr><tr><td>Screws</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SolidWorks Software</td><td>Dassault Syst&amp;egrave;mes&amp;nbsp;SolidWorks Corporation</td><td></td><td>https://www.solidworks.com/, Referred to in protocol as &quot;3D modeling software&quot;</td></tr><tr><td>Straight Flow Rectangular Manifold</td><td>McMaster Carr</td><td>1125T31</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tubing to Flow Controller</td><td>McMaster Carr</td><td>5233K65</td><td>3/8&quot; ID</td></tr><tr><td>Wire</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

evaluating regional pulmonary deposition using patient-specific 3d printed lung models

Die Entwicklung gezielter Therapien für Lungenerkrankungen wird durch die Verfügbarkeit präklinischer Testmethoden mit der Fähigkeit, die regionale Aerosolabgabe vorherzusagen, eingeschränkt. Mithilfe des 3D-Drucks zur Generierung patientenspezifischer Lungenmodelle skizzieren wir das Design eines hochdurchsatzigen In-vitro-Experimentalaufbaus zur Quantifizierung der lobularen Lungenablagerung. Dieses System besteht aus einer Kombination aus handelsüblichen und 3D-gedruckten Komponenten und ermöglicht die unabhängige Steuerung des Durchflusses durch jeden Lungenlappen. Die Lieferung von fluoreszierenden Aerosolen an jeden Lappen wird mittels Fluoreszenzmikroskopie gemessen. Dieses Protokoll hat das Potenzial, das Wachstum der personalisierten Medizin für Atemwegserkrankungen durch seine Fähigkeit zu fördern, eine breite Palette von Patienten demografien und Krankheitszuständen zu modellieren. Sowohl die Geometrie des 3D-gedruckten Lungenmodells als auch die Einstellung des Luftstromprofils können einfach moduliert werden, um klinische Daten für Patienten mit unterschiedlichem Alter, Rasse und Geschlecht widerzuspiegeln. Klinisch relevante Arzneimittelabgabegeräte, wie z. B. die hier gezeigte Endotrachealröhre, können in den Testaufbau integriert werden, um die Fähigkeit eines Geräts, die therapeutische Abgabe auf eine erkrankte Region der Lunge zu zielen, genauer vorherzusagen. Die Vielseitigkeit dieses experimentellen Setups ermöglicht es, angepasst zu werden, um eine Vielzahl von Inhalationsbedingungen widerzuspiegeln, was die Strenge der präklinischen therapeutischen Tests verbessert.

Partikel in diesem Größenbereich (1-5 m) und Strömungsbedingungen (1-10 l/min) folgen den Strömungslinien, die sowohl auf ihrer theoretischen Stokes-Zahl als auch auf in-vivo-Daten basieren; Daher wird erwartet, dass sich in Ermangelung eines gezielten Abgabegeräts freigesetzte Partikel entsprechend dem Prozentsatz des gesamten Luftstroms ablagern, der zu jedem Lappen umgeleitet wird. Die relativen Mengen der Partikelzufuhr zu jedem Lappen können dann mit den Daten der klinischen Lappendurchflussrate verglichen wer...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluating Regional Pulmonary Deposition using Patient-Specific 3D Printed Lung Models at JoVE.com

Evaluating Regional Pulmonary Deposition using Patient-Specific 3D Printed Lung Models

Wir präsentieren ein hochdurchlässiges In-vitro-Verfahren zur Quantifizierung der regionalen Lungenabscheidung auf Lappenebene mit CT-Scan-abgeleiteten, 3D-gedruckten Lungenmodellen mit abstimmbaren Luftstromprofilen.

Bewertung der regionalen Lungenabscheidung mit patientenspezifischen 3D-gedruckten Lungenmodellen

Development of targeted therapies for pulmonary diseases is limited by the availability of preclinical testing methods with the ability to predict ...

evaluating-regional-pulmonary-deposition-using-patient-specific-3d

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

4.2K Aufrufe.  University of Delaware. Wir präsentieren ein hochdurchlässiges In-vitro-Verfahren zur Quantifizierung der regionalen Lungenabscheidung auf Lappenebene mit CT-Scan-abgeleiteten, 3D-gedruckten Lungenmodellen mit abstimmbaren Luftstromprofilen.

Serie: Evaluating Regional Pulmonary Deposition using Patient-Specific 3D Printed Lung Models

A Combined 3D Tissue Engineered In Vitro/In Silico Lung Tumor Model for Predicting Drug Effectiveness in Specific Mutational Backgrounds

In the present study, we combined an in vitro 3D lung tumor model with an in silico model to optimize predictions of drug response based on a specific mutational background. The model is generated on a decellularized porcine scaffold that reproduces tissue-specific characteristics regarding extracellular matrix composition and architecture including the basement membrane. We standardized a protocol that allows artificial tumor tissue generation within 14 days including three days of drug treatment. Our article provides several detailed descriptions of 3D read-out screening techniques like the determination of the proliferation index Ki67 staining&#39;s, apoptosis from supernatants by M30-ELISA and assessment of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which are helpful tools for evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic compounds. We could show compared to 2D culture a reduction of proliferation in our 3D tumor model that is related to the clinical situation. Despite of this lower proliferation, the model predicted EGFR-targeted drug responses correctly according to the biomarker status as shown by comparison of the lung carcinoma cell lines HCC827 (EGFR -mutated, KRAS wild-type) and A549 (EGFR wild-type, KRAS-mutated) treated with the tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) gefitinib. To investigate drug responses of more advanced tumor cells, we induced EMT by long-term treatment with TGF-beta-1 as assessed by vimentin/pan-cytokeratin immunofluorescence staining. A flow-bioreactor was employed to adjust culture to physiological conditions, which improved tissue generation. Furthermore, we show the integration of drug responses upon gefitinib treatment or TGF-beta-1 stimulation - apoptosis, proliferation index and EMT - into a Boolean in silico model. Additionally, we explain how drug responses of tumor cells with a specific mutational background and counterstrategies against resistance can be predicted. We are confident that our 3D in vitro approach especially with its in silico expansion provides an additional value for preclinical drug testing in more realistic conditions than in 2D cell culture.

A Combined 3D Tissue Engineered In Vitro/In Silico Lung Tumor Model for Predicting Drug Effectiveness in Specific Mutational Backgrounds

We present a three-dimensional (3D) lung cancer model based on a biological collagen scaffold to study sensitivity towards non-small-cell-lung-cancer-(NSCLC)-targeted therapies. We demonstrate different read-out techniques to determine the proliferation index, apoptosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) status. Collected data are integrated into an in silico model for prediction of drug sensitivity.

Ein kombiniertes 3D-Gewebezüchtungen<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; /<em&gt; In Silico</em&gt; Lungentumormodell für Hintergründe in bestimmten Mutations Drug Wirksamkeit vorhersagen

In the present study, we combined an in vitro 3D lung tumor model with an in silico model to optimize predictions of drug response based on a specific ...

Forschung

Biotechnik

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Tuberculosis (TB) still holds a major threat to the health of people worldwide, and there is a need for cost-efficient but reliable models to help us understand the disease mechanisms and advance the discoveries of new treatment options. In vitro cell cultures of monolayers or co-cultures lack the three-dimensional (3D) environment and tissue responses. Herein, we describe an innovative in vitro model of a human lung tissue, which holds promise to be an effective tool for studying the complex events that occur during infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). The 3D tissue model consists of tissue-specific epithelial cells and fibroblasts, which are cultured in a matrix of collagen on top of a porous membrane. Upon air exposure, the epithelial cells stratify and secrete mucus at the apical side. By introducing human primary macrophages infected with M. tuberculosis to the tissue model, we have shown that immune cells migrate into the infected-tissue and form early stages of TB granuloma. These structures recapitulate the distinct feature of human TB, the granuloma, which is fundamentally different or not commonly observed in widely used experimental animal models. This organotypic culture method enables the 3D visualization and robust quantitative analysis that provides pivotal information on spatial and temporal features of host cell-pathogen interactions. Taken together, the lung tissue model provides a physiologically relevant tissue micro-environment for studies on TB. Thus, the lung tissue model has potential implications for both basic mechanistic and applied studies. Importantly, the model allows addition or manipulation of individual cell types, which thereby widens its use for modelling a variety of infectious diseases that affect the lungs.

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

Human tuberculosis infection is a complex process, which is difficult to model in vitro. Here we describe a novel 3D human lung tissue model that recapitulates the dynamics that occur during infection, including the migration of immune cells and early granuloma formation in a physiological environment.

Ein 3D-humanem Lungengewebe Modell für funktionelle Studien auf<em&gt; Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em&gt; Infektions

Tuberculosis (TB) still holds a major threat to the health of people worldwide, and there is a need for cost-efficient but reliable models to help us ...

Immunologie und Infektion

Generation of 3D Whole Lung Organoids from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Modeling Lung Developmental Biology and Disease

Human lung development and disease has been difficult to study due to the lack of biologically relevant in vitro model systems. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be differentiated stepwise into 3D multicellular lung organoids, made of both epithelial and mesenchymal cell populations. We recapitulate embryonic developmental cues by temporally introducing a variety of growth factors and small molecules to efficiently generate definitive endoderm, anterior foregut endoderm, and subsequently lung progenitor cells. These cells are then embedded in growth factor reduced (GFR)-basement membrane matrix medium, allowing them to spontaneously develop into 3D lung organoids in response to external growth factors. These whole lung organoids (WLO) undergo early lung developmental stages including branching morphogenesis and maturation after exposure to dexamethasone, cyclic AMP and isobutylxanthine. WLOs possess airway epithelial cells expressing the markers KRT5 (basal), SCGB3A2 (club) and MUC5AC (goblet) as well as alveolar epithelial cells expressing HOPX (alveolar type I) and SP-C (alveolar type II). Mesenchymal cells are also present, including smooth muscle actin (SMA), and platelet-derived growth factor receptor A (PDGFR&#945;). iPSC derived WLOs can be maintained in 3D culture conditions for many months and can be sorted for surface markers to purify a specific cell population. iPSC derived WLOs can also be utilized to study human lung development, including signaling between the lung epithelium and mesenchyme, to model genetic mutations on human lung cell function and development, and to determine the cytotoxicity of infective agents.

The article describes step wise directed differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells to three-dimensional whole lung organoids containing both proximal and distal epithelial lung cells along with mesenchyme.

Generierung von 3D-Ganzlungenorganoiden aus induzierten pluripotenten Stammzellen zur Modellierung der Lungenentwicklungsbiologie und -krankheit

Human lung development and disease has been difficult to study due to the lack of biologically relevant in vitro model systems. Human induced pluripotent ...

Entwicklungsbiologie

3D Printing of Preclinical X-ray Computed Tomographic Data Sets

Three-dimensional printing allows for the production of highly detailed objects through a process known as additive manufacturing. Traditional, mold-injection methods to create models or parts have several limitations, the most important of which is a difficulty in making highly complex products in a timely, cost-effective manner.1 However, gradual improvements in three-dimensional printing technology have resulted in both high-end and economy instruments that are now available for the facile production of customized models.2 These printers have the ability to extrude high-resolution objects with enough detail to accurately represent in vivo images generated from a preclinical X-ray CT scanner. With proper data collection, surface rendering, and stereolithographic editing, it is now possible and inexpensive to rapidly produce detailed skeletal and soft tissue structures from X-ray CT data. Even in the early stages of development, the anatomical models produced by three-dimensional printing appeal to both educators and researchers who can utilize the technology to improve visualization proficiency. 3, 4 The real benefits of this method result from the tangible experience a researcher can have with data that cannot be adequately conveyed through a computer screen. The translation of pre-clinical 3D data to a physical object that is an exact copy of the test subject is a powerful tool for visualization and communication, especially for relating imaging research to students, or those in other fields. Here, we provide a detailed method for printing plastic models of bone and organ structures derived from X-ray CT scans utilizing an Albira X-ray CT system in conjunction with PMOD, ImageJ, Meshlab, Netfabb, and ReplicatorG software packages.

Using modern plastic extrusion and printing technologies, it is now possible to quickly and inexpensively produce physical models of X-ray CT data taken in a laboratory. The three -dimensional printing of tomographic data is a powerful visualization, research, and educational tool that may now be accessed by the preclinical imaging community.

3D Printing der präklinischen X-ray computertomographische Datensätze

Three-dimensional printing allows for the production of highly detailed objects through a process known as additive manufacturing.  Traditional, ...

Biologie

Generation of Human 3D Lung Tissue Cultures (3D-LTCs) for Disease Modeling

Translation of novel discoveries to human disease is limited by the availability of human tissue-based models of disease. Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) used as 3D lung tissue cultures (3D-LTCs) represent an elegant and biologically highly relevant 3D cell culture model, which highly resemble in situ tissue due to their complexity, biomechanics and molecular composition. Tissue slicing is widely applied in various animal models. 3D-LTCs derived from human PCLS can be used to analyze responses to novel drugs, which might further help to better understand the mechanisms and functional effects of drugs in human tissue. The preparation of PCLS from surgically resected lung tissue samples of patients, who experienced lung lobectomy, increases the accessibility of diseased and peritumoral tissue. Here, we describe a detailed protocol for the generation of human PCLS from surgically resected soft-elastic patient lung tissue. Agarose was introduced into the bronchoalveolar space of the resectates, thus preserving lung structure and increasing the tissue&#39;s stiffness, which is crucial for subsequent slicing. 500 &#181;m thick slices were prepared from the tissue block with a vibratome. Biopsy punches taken from PCLS ensure comparable tissue sample sizes and further increase the amount of tissue samples. The generated lung tissue cultures can be applied in a variety of studies in human lung biology, including the pathophysiology and mechanisms of different diseases, such as fibrotic processes at its best at (sub-)cellular levels. The highest benefit of the 3D-LTC ex vivo model is its close representation of the in situ human lung in respect of 3D tissue architecture, cell type diversity and lung anatomy as well as the potential for assessment of tissue from individual patients, which is relevant to further develop novel strategies for precision medicine.

Generation of Human 3D Lung Tissue Cultures 3D-LTCs for Disease Modeling

Here, we present a protocol for the preparation of agarose-filled human precision-cut lung slices from resected patient tissue that are suitable for generating 3D lung tissue cultures to model human lung diseases in biological and biomedical studies.

Generation von menschlichen 3D Lungengewebe Kulturen (3D-LTCs) für Krankheit Modellierung

Translation of novel discoveries to human disease is limited by the availability of human tissue-based models of disease. Precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) ...

Medizin

Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training

Catheter-based interventions are standard treatment options for cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore, patient-specific models could help training physicians&#39; wire-skills as well as improving planning of interventional procedures. The aim of this study was to develop a manufacturing process of patient-specific 3D-printed models for cardiovascular interventions.
To create a 3D-printed elastic phantom, different 3D-printing materials were compared to porcine biological tissues (i.e., aortic tissue) in terms of mechanical characteristics. A fitting material was selected based on comparative tensile tests and specific material thicknesses were defined. Anonymized contrast-enhanced CT-datasets were collected retrospectively. Patient-specific volumetric models were extracted from these datasets and subsequently 3D-printed. A pulsatile flow loop was constructed to simulate the intraluminal blood flow during interventions. Models&#39; suitability for clinical imaging was assessed by x-ray imaging, CT, 4D-MRI and (Doppler) ultrasonography. Contrast medium was used to enhance visibility in x-ray-based imaging. Different catheterization techniques were applied to evaluate the 3D-printed phantoms in physicians&#39; training as well as for pre-interventional therapy planning.
Printed models showed a high printing resolution (~30 &#181;m) and mechanical properties of the chosen material were comparable to physiological biomechanics. Physical and digital models showed high anatomical accuracy when compared to the underlying radiological dataset. Printed models were suitable for ultrasonic imaging as well as standard x-rays. Doppler ultrasonography and 4D-MRI displayed flow patterns and landmark characteristics (i.e., turbulence, wall shear stress) matching native data. In a catheter-based laboratory setting, patient-specific phantoms were easy to catheterize. Therapy planning and training of interventional procedures on challenging anatomies (e.g., congenital heart disease (CHD)) was possible.
Flexible patient-specific cardiovascular phantoms were 3D-printed, and the application of common clinical imaging techniques was possible. This new process is ideal as a training tool for catheter-based (electrophysiological) interventions and can be used in patient-specific therapy planning.

Here we present development of a mock circulation setup for multimodal therapy evaluation, pre-interventional planning, and physician-training on cardiovascular anatomies. With the application of patient-specific tomographic scans, this setup is ideal for therapeutic approaches, training, and education in individualized medicine.

Entwicklung und Evaluierung von 3D-gedruckten kardiovaskulären Phantomen für die interventionelle Planung und Das Training

Catheter-based interventions are standard treatment options for cardiovascular pathologies. Therefore, patient-specific models could help training ...

A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery

The anatomic structure of the surgical area of thyroid cancer is complex. It is very important to comprehensively and carefully evaluate the tumor location and its relation with the capsule, trachea, esophagus, nerves, and blood vessels before operation. This paper introduces an innovative 3D-printed model establishment method based on computerized tomography (CT) DICOM images. We established a personalized 3D-printed model of the cervical thyroid surgery field for each patient who needed thyroid surgery to help clinicians evaluate the key points and difficulties of the surgery and select the operation methods of key parts as a basis. The results showed that this model is conducive to preoperative discussion and the formulation of operation strategies. In particular, as a result of the clear display of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid gland locations in the thyroid operation field, injury to them can be avoided during surgery, the difficulty of thyroid surgery reduced, and the incidence of postoperative hypoparathyroidism and complications related to recurrent laryngeal nerve injury reduced too. Moreover, this 3D-printed model is intuitive and aids communication for the signing of informed consent by patients before surgery.

Here, a new method of establishing a personalized 3D-printed model for preoperative evaluation of thyroid surgery is proposed. It is conducive to preoperative discussion, reducing the difficulty of thyroid surgery.

Ein personalisiertes 3D-gedrucktes Modell für die präoperative Beurteilung in der Schilddrüsenchirurgie

The anatomic structure of the surgical area of thyroid cancer is complex. It is very important to comprehensively and carefully evaluate the tumor ...

3D-Rekonstruktion zur Diagnose und Behandlung von Lungenknoten

A 3D Digital Model for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules

The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of pulmonary nodules using medical images has introduced new technical approaches for diagnosing and treating pulmonary nodules, and these approaches are progressively being acknowledged and adopted by physicians and patients. Nonetheless, constructing a relatively universal 3D digital model of pulmonary nodules for diagnosis and treatment is challenging due to device differences, shooting times, and nodule types. The objective of this study is to propose a new 3D digital model of pulmonary nodules that serves as a bridge between physicians and patients and is also a cutting-edge tool for pre-diagnosis and prognostic evaluation. Many AI-driven pulmonary nodule detection and recognition methods employ deep learning techniques to capture the radiological features of pulmonary nodules, and these methods can achieve a good area under-the-curve (AUC) performance. However, false positives and false negatives remain a challenge for radiologists and clinicians. The interpretation and expression of features from the perspective of pulmonary nodule classification and examination are still unsatisfactory. In this study, a method of continuous 3D reconstruction of the whole lung in horizontal and coronal positions is proposed by combining existing medical image processing technologies. Compared with other applicable methods, this method allows users to rapidly locate pulmonary nodules and identify their fundamental properties while also observing pulmonary nodules from multiple perspectives, thereby providing a more effective clinical tool for diagnosing and treating pulmonary nodules.

Autor im Rampenlicht: Ein digitales 3D-Modell für die Diagnose und Behandlung von Lungenknoten  

The objective of this study is to develop a novel 3D digital model of pulmonary nodules that serves as a communication bridge between physicians and patients and is also a cutting-edge tool for pre-diagnosis and prognostic evaluation.

Ein digitales 3D-Modell für die Diagnose und Behandlung von Lungenknoten

The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of pulmonary nodules using medical images has introduced new technical approaches for diagnosing and treating ...

Bewertung der regionalen Lungenabscheidung mit patientenspezifischen 3D-gedruckten Lungenmodellen

Zusammenfassung

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