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10 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Neuroscience

Electrode Positioning and Montage in Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Alexandre F. DaSilva 1, Magdalena Sarah Volz 2,3, Marom Bikson 4, Felipe Fregni 2
1Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Biologic & Material Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan , 2Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 3Charité, University Medicine Berlin, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is an established technique to modulate cortical excitability1,2. It has been used as an investigative tool in neuroscience due to its effects on cortical plasticity, easy operation, and safe profile. One area that tDCS has been showing encouraging results is pain alleviation 3-5.

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Medicine

Technique and Considerations in the Use of 4x1 Ring High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (HD-tDCS)
Mauricio F. Villamar 1,2, Magdalena Sarah Volz 1,3, Marom Bikson 4, Abhishek Datta 1,4, Alexandre F. DaSilva *5, Felipe Fregni *1
1Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 2School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador, 3Charité University Medicine Berlin, 4The City College of The City University of New York, 5Headache & Orofacial Pain Effort (H.O.P.E.), Biologic & Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan

High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS), with its 4x1-ring montage, is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique that combines both the neuromodulatory effects of conventional tDCS with increased focality. This article provides a systematic demonstration of the use of 4x1 HD-tDCS, and the considerations needed for safe and effective stimulation.

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Bioengineering

Microinjection Wound Assay and In vivo Localization of Epidermal Wound Response Reporters in Drosophila Embryos.
Michelle T. Juarez 1, Rachel A. Patterson 2, Wilson Li 2, William McGinnis 2
1Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, The City College of New York, 2Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego

The embryonic epidermis of very late stage Drosophila embryos provides an in vivo system for rapid puncture wound response analysis and can be combined with genetic manipulations or chemical microinjection treatments to advance studies in wound healing for translation into mammalian models.

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Medicine

A Protocol for the Use of Remotely-Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Margaret Kasschau 1,2, Kathleen Sherman 1,2, Lamia Haider 2, Ariana Frontario 1,2, Michael Shaw 1,2, Abhishek Datta 3, Marom Bikson 4, Leigh Charvet 1,2
1Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 2Department of Neurology, Stony Brook Medicine, 3Soterix Medical, Inc, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York

The goal of this pilot study is to describe a protocol for the remotely-supervised delivery of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) so that the procedure maintains standards of in-clinic practice, including safety, reproducibility, and tolerability. The feasibility of this protocol was tested in participants with multiple sclerosis (MS).

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Neuroscience

Remotely Supervised Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: An Update on Safety and Tolerability
Michael T. Shaw 1, Margaret Kasschau 2, Bryan Dobbs 1, Natalie Pawlak 1, William Pau 1, Kathleen Sherman 1, Marom Bikson 3, Abhishek Datta 4, Leigh E. Charvet 1
1New York University, Langone Medical Center, 2Stony Brook Medicine, 3City College of New York, 4Soterix Medical

This manuscript provides an updated remote supervision protocol that enables participation in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) clinical trials while receiving treatment sessions from home. The protocol has been successfully piloted in both patients with multiple sclerosis and Parkinson's disease.

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Neuroscience

Use of Synaptic Zinc Histochemistry to Reveal Different Regions and Laminae in the Developing and Adult Brain
Reem Khalil 1, Jonathan B. Levitt 2
1Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, 2Department of Biology, The City College of New York

We describe a histochemical procedure that reveals characteristic laminar and areal zinc staining patterns in different brain regions. The zinc-staining pattern may be used in conjunction with other anatomical markers to reliably distinguish layers and regions in the developing and adult brain.

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Neuroscience

Laboratory Administration of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation (taVNS): Technique, Targeting, and Considerations
Bashar W. Badran *1,2,3, Alfred B. Yu *2, Devin Adair 1, Georgia Mappin 3, William H. DeVries 3, Dorothea D. Jenkins 4, Mark S. George 3,5,6, Marom Bikson 1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, City College of New York, 2U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, 3Brain Stimulation Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, 4Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, 5Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 6Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center

A methodological description of the technique, potential targets, and proper administration of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on the human ear is described.

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Medicine

Updated Technique for Reliable, Easy, and Tolerated Transcranial Electrical Stimulation Including Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Helen Borges 1, Alexandra Dufau 1,2, Bhaskar Paneri 1, Adam J. Woods 3, Helena Knotkova 4,5, Marom Bikson 1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, CUNY, 2Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, 3McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, 4MJHS Institute for Innovation in Palliative Care, 5Department of Family and Social Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine

When administering transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), reproducible electrode preparation and placement are vital for a tolerated and effective session. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate updated modern setup procedures for the administration of tDCS and related transcranial electrical stimulation techniques, such as transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS).

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Behavior

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Online Gamers
Sang Hoon Lee *1, Jooyeon Jamie Im *2, Jin Kyoung Oh 2, Eun Kyoung Choi 2, Sujung Yoon 3, Marom Bikson 4, In-Uk Song 5, Hyeonseok Jeong 2, Yong-An Chung 2
1Department of Radiology, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 2Department of Radiology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 3Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 4Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, 5Department of Neurology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea

We present a protocol and a feasibility study for applying transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and neuroimaging assessment in online gamers.

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Bioengineering

A Fluorescent Intravital Imaging Approach to Study Load-Induced Calcium Signaling Dynamics in Mouse Osteocytes
Karl J. Lewis 1, James F. Boorman-Padgett 3, Macy Castaneda 2, David C. Spray 4, Mia M. Thi 5,6, Mitchell B. Schaffler 3
1Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 2Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, 4Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 5Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 6Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine

The current article describes performing an intravital imaging approach to observe mechanically induced calcium signaling of embedded osteocytes in vivo in real-time in response to tissue-level mechanical loading of the mouse third metatarsal.

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