Este trabajo es apoyado por el NIH PBS (R21 AI095484). Damos las gracias a instalaciones básicas tetrámero NHI para CD1d tetrámero.

1. Preparación de los instrumentos, los medios de cultivo y reactivos <ol><li> Instrumentos: Preparar los reactivos en condiciones estériles y utilizar bajo una campana de flujo laminar. </li><li> Preparar 1 L de medio de cultivo tisular RPMI, añadir 5% de suero fetal bovino, 2,1 g de bicarbonato, 10 ml de glutamato 100x, 10 mg de HEPES, piruvato de sodio 1 mg y 10 ml de 100X penicilina / estreptomicina. Nota: el medio de cultivo tisular recomendada, RPMI, es intercambiable con DMEM. </li><li> Preparar la solución de 5% de colagenasa &quot;D&quot; (5 ml de colagenasa &quot;D&quot; a 9 ml de medio de cultivo tisular). </li><li> Hacer solución de Percoll a tres concentraciones diferentes: 100%, 80% y 40%. Las siguientes concentraciones se calculan para 1 muestra. Mantenga las soluciones a temperatura ambiente. <ol><li> Solución de Percoll: añadir 9 ml de Percoll (sin diluir de solución madre); añadir 1 ml de PBS 10x. </li><li> Solución de Percoll: añadir 8 ml de Percoll 100%; añadir 2 ml de PBS 1x. </li><li> Solución de Percoll:añadir 4 ml de Percoll al 80%; añadir 4 ml de PBS 1x. </li></ol></li><li> Hacer 1 L de fluorescencia de células activadas por la clasificación tampón (FACS); añadir 5 ml de 10% de BSA (BSA al 0,1%), azida de sodio 1 ml al 10% (0,1%), 2 ml de agente EDTA, completar a 1 000 ml con PBS 1x. </li></ol> 2. Preparación de la digestión de riñón <ol><li> Habiendo adquirido cualquier aprobación institucional necesario, sacrifica y Exsanguinate los ratones con los métodos estándar y siguiendo las normas vigentes y las directrices de cuidado de animales. <ol><li> Se anestesia el ratón con pentobarbital (0,07 mg / kg). </li><li> Continúe con el desangramiento. </li><li> Coloque el ratón en una posición supina sobre una mesa quirúrgica. </li><li> Pulverizar la zona abdominal con etanol al 70%. </li></ol></li><li> Añadir 10 ml de solución de colagenasa D para la placa de Petri. </li><li> Retire y decapsulate ambos riñones de cada ratón. <ol><li> Abra la cavidad abdomimal haciendo una incisión en la línea media a través de la piel abdominal y el peritoneo desde el esternón hastael pubis. </li><li> Exponer el riñón izquierdo moviendo el intestino lateralmente a un lado. </li><li> Separe con cuidado la cápsula a la izquierda con las pinzas. Nota: La cápsula aparece como una capa transparente que rodea el riñón y parcialmente cubierto por el tejido adiposo perirrenal. </li><li> Retire el riñón izquierdo cortando los vasos del pedículo utilizando una tijera quirúrgica. </li><li> Repita mismo procedimiento para el riñón derecho. Nota: El riñón derecho es más craneal y más cerca de la línea media (pedicelos son más cortos). </li></ol></li><li> Coloque el riñón en la placa de Petri. </li><li> Cortar el tejido renal en trozos pequeños (1-2 mm de dimensión) usando una cuchilla regular de la conformación de metales y colocar las piezas en la solución de colagenasa durante 30-45 minutos en la incubadora a 37 ° C (Figura 1). </li></ol> 3. Preparación de las células mononucleares de riñón (KMNC) de la digestión del Riñón <ol><li> Obtener una suspensión de células del riñónla digestión mediante la interrupción mecánicamente el tejido usando un filtro (70 micras) y se resuspende en 25 ml de medio de cultivo tisular y mezclar. </li><li> Centrifugar a 400 xg durante 10 min a 4 º C para sedimentar la suspensión de células. </li><li> Vuelva a suspender el sedimento en 4 ml de solución de Percoll 40% y suavemente superponer en 4 ml de solución de Percoll al 80% con una pipeta de plástico de transferencia, muy despacio y con cuidado. Esto dará como resultado dos fases claramente separadas por una capa translúcida. En la parte superior será una capa de color amarillo que corresponde a los lípidos. </li><li> Se centrifuga a 1500 × g durante 30 min a temperatura ambiente con la centrífuga en el modo de freno. </li><li> Quite por aspiración de la capa superior de color amarillo y grueso (unos 1-2 ml). </li><li> Recoger sólo la capa translúcida de color blanquecino ligero de la interfase de las dos fases con una pipeta de transferencia. De transferencia muy cuidadosamente esta suspensión en un tubo cónico de 15 ml que contiene 2 ml de medio de cultivo tisular y a continuación, añadir 13 ml de medio para hacer un volumen total de15 ml. </li><li> Centrifugar a 400 xg durante 10 min a 4 ° C. </li><li> Resuspender las muestras en 1 ml del medio. </li><li> Cuente el número de KMNC mediante exclusión con azul de tripano en un hemocitómetro y expresar los resultados como números de KMNC por ml por cada riñón. </li><li> Lavar una vez que el anterior. </li></ol> 4. Aislamiento de hematopoyéticas (CD45 +) las células de KMNC (Paso I) <ol><li> Resuspender las células a 10 7 a 90 l de tampón. </li><li> Añadir 10 l de microperlas CD45 y se incuba durante 15 min a 4 ° C. </li><li> Añadir 1 ml de tampón de desarrollo para detener la reacción. Centrifugar a 400 xg durante 10 min a 4 ° C y resuspender en 500 l de tampón de ejecución. </li><li> Preparar la columna magnética colocando en el imán y enjuague con 3 ml de tampón. </li><li> Pasar la suspensión de células a través de la columna magnética y recoger las células no marcadas que pasan a través de la columna. </li><li> Lavar las células tres veces con 3 ml de runnción tampón. Luego recoger el efluente. </li><li> Retire la columna del separador y una pipeta 5 ml de tampón en las columnas y enjuagar la fracción marcada inmediatamente. Esta fracción contiene las células CD45 +. Contar las células. </li><li> Para calcular el número absoluto de diferentes subconjuntos de células T en los riñones multiplicar el número total de KMNC por el porcentaje de células positivas determinado por citometría de flujo (Figura 2). </li></ol> 5. Aislamiento de DN T Móvil desde CD45 + Preparación por selección negativa (Etapa II) <ol><li> Añadir 2,5 l (0,5 mg / ml, 1,25 microgramos) de cada uno de los siguientes anticuerpos biotinilados anti-CD4, anti-CD8, anti-receptor de Fc (CD16/32), anti-MHC de clase II (IA b), anti- CD1d PBS-57 tetrámero por cada 10 células hematopoyéticas 7. </li><li> Se incuban las células durante 30 min en la habitación fría. </li><li> Añadir 1 microperlas anti-biotina ml. </li><li> Incubar durante 30 minutos en una cámara frigorífica. </li><li> Colocar el tubo en tél imán y proceder al agotamiento. </li><li> Contar las células viables para determinar el número total de células DN T en la fracción negativa mediante el uso de un hemocitómetro. </li><li> Compruebe la pureza de las células T DN con citometría de flujo, siguiendo esta estrategia gating: primero CD45 + puerta, segunda puerta TCRαβ +. Excluir las células CD1d +. Parcela CD4 + CD8 + vs Para identificar las células DN T (Figura 3). </li><li> Multiplique el número total por el porcentaje determinado en la pureza. Nota: El uso de este protocolo resulta en una población de más de 90% de pureza células T DN. </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Zhang, Z. X., Yang, L., Young, K. J., DuTemple, B., Zhang, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+a+previously+unknown+antigen-specific+regulatory+T+cell+and+its+mechanism+of+suppression.">Identification of a previously unknown antigen-specific regulatory T cell and its mechanism of suppression.</a> Nat Med. 6, 782-789 (2000).</li><li>Ford, M. S., Young, K. J., Zhang, Z., Ohashi, P. S., Zhang, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+immune+regulatory+function+of+lymphoproliferative+double+negative+T+cells+in+vitro+and+in+vivo.">The immune regulatory function of lymphoproliferative double negative T cells in vitro and in vivo.</a> J Exp Med. 196, 261-267 (2002).</li><li>Ford McIntyre, M. S., Young, K. J., Gao, J., Joe, B., Zhang, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cutting+edge:+in+vivo+trogocytosis+as+a+mechanism+of+double+negative+regulatory+T+cell-mediated+antigen-specific+suppression.">Cutting edge: in vivo trogocytosis as a mechanism of double negative regulatory T cell-mediated antigen-specific suppression.</a> J Immunol. 181, 2271-2275 (2008).</li><li>Young, K. J., Yang, L., Phillips, M. J., Zhang, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Donor-lymphocyte+infusion+induces+transplantation+tolerance+by+activating+systemic+and+graft-infiltrating+double-negative+regulatory+T+cells.">Donor-lymphocyte infusion induces transplantation tolerance by activating systemic and graft-infiltrating double-negative regulatory T cells.</a> Blood. 100, 3408-3414 (2002).</li><li>Chen, W., Ford, M. S., Young, K. J., Zhang, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Infusion+of+in+vitro-generated+DN+T+regulatory+cells+induces+permanent+cardiac+allograft+survival+in+mice.">Infusion of in vitro-generated DN T regulatory cells induces permanent cardiac allograft survival in mice.</a> Transplant Proc. 35, 2479-2480 (2003).</li><li>Young, K. J., DuTemple, B., Phillips, M. J., Zhang, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+graft-versus-host+disease+by+double-negative+regulatory+T+cells.">Inhibition of graft-versus-host disease by double-negative regulatory T cells.</a> J Immunol. 171, 134-141 (2003).</li><li>Mohamood, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gld+mutation+of+Fas+ligand+increases+the+frequency+and+up-regulates+cell+survival+genes+in+CD25+CD4++TR+cells.">Gld mutation of Fas ligand increases the frequency and up-regulates cell survival genes in CD25+CD4+ TR cells.</a> Int Immunol. 18, 1265-1277 (2006).</li><li>Ascon, D. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Normal+mouse+kidneys+contain+activated+and+CD3+CD4-+CD8-+double-negative+T+lymphocytes+with+a+distinct+TCR+repertoire.">Normal mouse kidneys contain activated and CD3+CD4- CD8- double-negative T lymphocytes with a distinct TCR repertoire.</a> J Leukoc Biol. 84, 1400-1409 (2008).</li><li>Hamad, A. 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W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FcR+gamma+presence+in+TCR+complex+of+double-negative+T+cells+is+critical+for+their+regulatory+function.">FcR gamma presence in TCR complex of double-negative T cells is critical for their regulatory function.</a> J Immunol. 177, 2250-2257 (2006).</li></ol>

Los autores no tienen nada que revelar.

Existe un interés creciente en las células T DN ya que están siendo implicados en diferentes condiciones patológicas tales como enfermedades autoinmunes, el cáncer, la tolerancia del injerto, y las enfermedades primarias del riñón incluyendo lesión renal aguda (LRA), glomerulonefritis 8, 13. Por lo tanto, no hay necesidad de entender mejor y caracterizar las funciones fisiopatológicas de las células T DN. Sin embargo, actualmente hay una falta de comprensión de la función de estas células en comp...

A correction was made to: <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/51192/isolation-of-double-negative-t-cells-from-the-kidney">Isolation of Double Negative &#945;&#946; T Cells from the Kidney</a>.
There was an error with an author's name. The author's given name had a typo, this was corrected to:
Samatha Bandapelle
instead of:
Samantha Bandapelle

A correction was made to: Isolation of Double Negative &#945;&#946; T Cells from the Kidney.

Erratum: Isolation of Double Negative &#945;&#946; T Cells from the Kidney

Periférico αβTCR + CD3 + CD4 - CD8 - doble negativa células (DN) T se dividen en varios subconjuntos que poseen fenotipos y funciones 1-4 distintos. DN células T, son poco conocidos, pero cada vez más implicados en la respuesta inmune fisiopatológicos en diferentes modelos de enfermedad 4-6. Células DN T son un tipo de célula inmune única que está implicada cada vez más en la regulación de diversas respuestas inmunes y autoinmunes y la modulación de la tolerancia alotrasplante. 4-6, 9 son raros en la sangre periférica y órganos linfoides secundarios (bazo y los ganglios linfáticos ). Sin embargo, son importantes los residentes del riñón y el intestino epitelio normal 10-12. Muy poco se sabe acerca de su función 7 en el riñón en el estado estacionario y en condiciones patológicas como la lesión renal aguda (LRA) asociado con trasplantación de riñónhormiga. Debido a las funciones complejas de diferentes células inmunes en la regulación de respuestas inmunes incluyendo alloresponses, definir el papel de cada jugador es fundamental para entender alloresponses y el diseño de nuevas terapias. Teniendo en cuenta los números significativos de células DN T presentes en el riñón bajo condiciones fisiológicas y de enfermedad diferentes, las células DN T es probable que desempeñen un papel crítico en la regulación de respuestas inmunes y autoinmunes en ratones y seres humanos, y alloresponses en receptores de trasplante. La acumulación de pruebas, aunque todavía dispersos implica células T DN en ambas funciones patogénicas e inmunosupresores, pero no se comprende bien por qué y cómo se exhiben una función perjudicial o supresora específica y cómo el ambiente influye en ellos. Debido a su baja abundancia en el riñón, mejora de los métodos de aislamiento son necesarios. Actualmente no hay ningún protocolo estándar para el aislamiento de células DN T de Tél tejidos no linfoides. Nuestro protocolo describe un nuevo método para el aislamiento de células DN T de los riñones; Sin embargo, el método también se puede utilizar para diversos tejidos no linfoides.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1172">
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Laminar flow hood&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Baker Company, Inc</td>
			<td style="width:276px;"></td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Or equivalent equipment&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Or equivalent equipment&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Hemocytometer</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">63514-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Atmosphere-controlled incubator</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td style="width:200px;">&#160;(37&#176;C with 5% CO2)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Microscope&#160;</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Or equivalent equipment&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Analytical flow cytometer</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">LSR II&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:439px;">Name of the reagent</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Company&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">Catalog&#160; Number</td>
			<td style="width:200px;">Comments&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">RPMI 1640</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Media Tech</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">10-040-CV</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">Collagenase D</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Roche</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">11088858001</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">Percoll&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">&#160;17-0891-01</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Fetal bovine serum&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning Cellgro</td>
			<td>35-011-CV</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">0.1% sodium azide (NaN3)</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">S2002</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">Buffer phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Corning Cellgro</td>
			<td>21-040-CV</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">PBS 10X</td>
			<td>Mediatech</td>
			<td>46-013-CM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">EDTA buffer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Sigma-Aldrich&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">E1161</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">LS columns&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">MiltenyiBiotec</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">130-042-401</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">CD45+ microbeads</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">MiltenyiBiotec</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">6.78E-51</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">Biotin microbeads&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">MiltenyiBiotec</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">130-090-485</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">anti-CD45 (clone: 30-F11)&#160; PerCP&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">eBioscience&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">G1397</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">anti-CD45 (clone: 30-F11)&#160; APC-Cy7</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Biolegend&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">103116</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">anti-TCR Pacific Blue&#160; (ab-chain, clone: H57-597)</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">HM3628</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">anti-CD4 PE</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">eBioscience&#160;</td>
			<td>12-0043</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">anti-CD8 FITC</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">eBioscience&#160;</td>
			<td>8011-0087</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">anti-CD4 biotinylated (GK1.5)</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">553728</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">anti-CD8 biotinylated&#160; (clone 53-6.7)</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">553029</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">anti-Fc receptor (CD16/32) biotinylated</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">553143</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">anti-MHC class II (I-A d) biotinylated</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">553609</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:439px;">anti-CD1d PBS-57 tetramer</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">NHI tetramer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">lote # 15621-PBS57</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:439px;">AutoMACS Running Buffer-&#160; MACS Separation Buffer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">MIlteny I Biotec</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">130-091-221</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">C57BL/6J mice</td>
			<td>Jackson Labs</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">000664</td>
			<td>Kidneys - Lymph Nodes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Petri dish&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">356517</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">70mc filter&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22363548</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Plunger&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:257px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Or equivalent equipment&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">GeneMate Tubes 50 ml</td>
			<td>Bioexpress</td>
			<td>C-3394-3</td>
			<td>Or equivalent equipment&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">GeneMate Tubes 15 ml</td>
			<td>Bioexpress</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">C-3394-1</td>
			<td>Or equivalent equipment&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Petri Dish&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">S33580</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Plate 24 wells&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:257px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:276px;">354723</td>
			<td style="width:200px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation of double negative &#945;&#946; t cells from the kidney

Actualmente no hay ningún protocolo estándar para el aislamiento de células DN T de los tejidos no linfoides a pesar de su participación cada vez informado en varias respuestas inmunes. Células DN T son un tipo de célula inmune única que ha sido implicado en la regulación de las respuestas y la tolerancia inmunes y autoinmunes a alotrasplantes 1-6. Células DN T son, sin embargo, rara en la sangre periférica y órganos linfoides secundarios (bazo y nódulos linfáticos), pero son importantes los residentes de la normal del riñón. Muy poco se sabe acerca de su función fisiopatológica 7 debido a su escasez en la periferia. Recientemente hemos descrito un análisis fenotípico y funcional integral de esta población en el riñón 8 en estado estacionario y durante la lesión por isquemia-reperfusión. Análisis de la función de las células T DN se verá muy reforzada por el desarrollo de un protocolo para su aislamiento del riñón. Aquí, se describe un nuevo protocolo que permite isolation de alta pureza + CD8 + células T CD4 AB y las células DN T de riñón murino. En pocas palabras, digerimos tejido renal mediante colagenasa y aislar las células mononucleares de riñón (KMNC) por gradiente de densidad. Esto es seguido por dos pasos para enriquecer las células T hematopoyéticas de 3% a 70% de KMNC. El primer paso consiste en una selección positiva de las células hematopoyéticas CD45 + utilizando un kit de aislamiento. En el segundo paso, las células DN T se aíslan negativamente por la eliminación de células no deseadas utilizando CD4, CD8, MHC de clase II y anticuerpos monoclonales y CD1d α-GalCer tetrámero. Esta estrategia conduce a una población de más de 90% de pureza células T DN. Tinción de la superficie con los anticuerpos mencionados anteriormente, seguido por el análisis FACS se utiliza para confirmar la pureza.

Tipo salvaje C57BL / 6 (B6) riñón contiene aproximadamente 1.5 a 2.1 x 10 6 células mononucleares por el riñón. Aproximadamente menos de 10% son células hematopoyéticas CD45 +. Para la preparación de células mononucleares de riñón (KMNC), los riñones se cortan en trozos pequeños, como se muestra en la Figura 1 seguido por la digestión usando 5% de colagenasa. Esto es seguido por la realización de una centrifugación en gradiente de densid...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Double Negative Î±Î² T Cells from the Kidney at JoVE.com

Isolation of Double Negative &amp;#945;&amp;#946; T Cells from the Kidney

Células DNabT son raros entre las células T periféricas; sin embargo, que son abundantes en ciertos tejidos no linfoides. Dificultad de aislar las células T DN de tejidos no linfoides dificulta su análisis funcional a pesar del aumento reconocida importancia fisiopatológica. Se describe un nuevo protocolo para el aislamiento de células DN T altamente purificadas de riñón murino.

Aislamiento de doble negación células T αβ del Riñón

There is currently no standard protocol for the isolation of DN T cells from the non-lymphoid tissues despite their increasingly reported involvement in ...

isolation-of-double-negative-t-cells-from-the-kidney

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Isolation of Double Negative &#945;&#946; T Cells from the Kidney

12.1K vistas.  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.  Células DNabT son raros entre las células T periféricas; sin embargo, que son abundantes en ciertos tejidos no linfoides. Dificultad de aislar las células T DN de tejidos no linfoides dificulta su análisis funcional a pesar del aumento reconocida importancia fisiopatológica. Se describe un nuevo protocolo para el aislamiento de células DN T altamente purificadas de riñón murino. 

Video: Isolation of Double Negative &#945;&#946; T Cells from the Kidney

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&iuml;ve and Memory T Cells

The development and maintenance of immunosuppressive CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to the peripheral tolerance needed to remain in immunologic homeostasis with the vast amount of self and commensal antigens in and on the human body. Perturbations in the balance between Tregs and inflammatory conventional T cells can result in immunopathology or cancer. Although therapeutic injection of Tregs has been shown to be efficacious in murine models of colitis1 , type I diabetes2 , rheumatoid arthritis and graft versus host disease,4 several fundamental differences in human versus mouse Treg biology5 has thus far precluded clinical use. The lack of sufficient number, purity, stability and homing specificity of therapeutic Tregs necessitated a dynamic platform of human Treg development on which to optimize conditions for their ex vivo expansion6.
Here we describe a method for the differentiation of induced Tregs (iTregs) from a single human peripheral blood donor which can be broken down into four stages: isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, magnetic selection of CD4+ T cells, in vitro cell culture and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) of T cell subsets. Since the Treg signature transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) is an activation-induced transcription factor in humans7 and no other unique marker exists, a combinatorial panel of markers must be used to identify T cells with suppressor activity. After six days in culture, cells in our system can be demarcated into na&iuml;ve T cells, memory T cells or iTregs based on their relative expression of CD25 and CD45RA. As memory and na&iuml;ve T cells have different reported polarization requirements and plasticities8 , pre-sorting of the initial T cell population into CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ subsets can be used to examine these discrepancies. Consistent with others, our CD25HiCD45RA- iTregs express high levels of FoxP39 , GITR and CTLA-411 and low levels of CD12712 . Following FACS of each population, resultant cells can be used in a suppressor assay which evaluates the relative ability to retard the proliferation of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled autologous T cells.

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&amp;#239;ve and Memory T Cells

We describe a method for generating regulatory, memory and na&#239;ve T cells from a single human blood donor. Polarized Tregs can be then compared to other subsets in a variety of genetic and functional applications with genetic homogeneity, including a suppression assay also detailed here.

La generación de células T reguladoras inducidas de células humanas primarias T vírgenes y de memoria

The development and maintenance of immunosuppressive CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to the peripheral tolerance needed to remain in ...

Investigación

Inmunología e Infección

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets including Th1, Th2, and regulatory T cells. Th17 cells have emerged as a central culprit in overzealous inflammatory immune responses associated with many autoimmune disorders. In this method we purify T lymphocytes from the spleen and lymph nodes of C57BL/6 mice, and stimulate purified CD4+ T cells under control and Th17-inducing environments. The Th17-inducing environment includes stimulation in the presence of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, IL-6, and TGF-&#946;. After incubation for at least 72 hours and for up to five days at 37 &#176;C, cells are subsequently analyzed for the capability to produce IL-17 through flow cytometry, qPCR, and ELISAs. Th17 differentiated CD4+CD25- T cells can be utilized to further elucidate the role that Th17 cells play in the onset and progression of autoimmunity and host defense. Moreover, Th17 differentiation of CD4+CD25- lymphocytes from distinct murine knockout/disease models can contribute to our understanding of cell fate plasticity.

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&amp;#239;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

With effector functions distinct from other T cell subsets, Th17 cells have been centrally implicated in inflammatory autoimmunity. This in vitro Th17 differentiation protocol provides a means to determine whether na&#239;ve CD4+ T lymphocytes can differentiate into Th17 cells, and to further examine their role in autoimmunity and host response.

Aislamiento y diferenciación de Th17 Naïve linfocitos T CD4

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets ...

Derivation of T Cells In Vitro from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

The OP9/OP9-DL1 co-culture system has become a well-established method for deriving differentiated blood cell types from embryonic and hematopoietic progenitors of both mouse and human origin. It is now used to address a growing variety of complex genetic, cellular and molecular questions related to hematopoiesis, and is at the cutting edge of efforts to translate these basic findings to therapeutic applications. The procedures are straightforward and routinely yield robust results. However, achieving successful hematopoietic differentiation in vitro requires special attention to the details of reagent and cell culture maintenance. Furthermore, the protocol features technique sensitive steps that, while not difficult, take care and practice to master. Here we focus on the procedures for differentiation of T lymphocytes from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC). We provide a detailed protocol with discussions of the critical steps and parameters that enable reproducibly robust cellular differentiation in vitro. It is in the interest of the field to consider wider adoption of this technology, as it has the potential to reduce animal use, lower the cost and shorten the timelines of both basic and translational experimentation.

Derivation of T Cells In Vitro from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Mouse embryonic stem cells can be differentiated to T cells in vitro using the OP9-DL1 co-culture system. Success in this procedure requires careful attention to reagent/cell maintenance, and key technique sensitive steps. Here we discuss these critical parameters and provide a detailed protocol to encourage adoption of this technology.

Derivación de células T<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; De células madre embrionarias de ratón

The OP9/OP9-DL1 co-culture system has become a well-established method for deriving differentiated blood cell types from embryonic and hematopoietic ...

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

The study of human T lymphocyte biology often involves examination of responses to activating ligands. T cells recognize and respond to processed peptide antigens presented by MHC (human ortholog HLA) molecules through the T cell receptor (TCR) in a highly sensitive and specific manner. While the primary function of T cells is to mediate protective immune responses to foreign antigens presented by self-MHC, T cells respond robustly to antigenic differences in allogeneic tissues. T cell responses to alloantigens can be described as either direct or indirect alloreactivity. In alloreactivity, the T cell responds through highly specific recognition of both the presented peptide and the MHC molecule. The robust oligoclonal response of T cells to allogeneic stimulation reflects the large number of potentially stimulatory alloantigens present in allogeneic tissues. While the breadth of alloreactive T cell responses is an important factor in initiating and mediating the pathology associated with biologically-relevant alloreactive responses such as graft versus host disease and allograft rejection, it can preclude analysis of T cell responses to allogeneic ligands. To this end, this protocol describes a method for generating alloreactive T cells from naive human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) that respond to known peptide-MHC (pMHC) alloantigens. The protocol applies pMHC multimer labeling, magnetic bead enrichment and flow cytometry to single cell in vitro culture methods for the generation of alloantigen-specific T cell clones. This enables studies of the biochemistry and function of T cells responding to allogeneic stimulation.

This article describes a method for the generation and propagation of human T cell clones that specifically respond to a defined alloantigen. This protocol can be adapted for cloning human T cells specific for a variety of peptide-MHC ligands.

Generación de células T humanas aloantígeno-específicos de la sangre periférica

The study of human T lymphocyte biology often involves examination of responses to activating ligands. T cells recognize and respond to processed peptide ...

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Antigen inexperienced (na&#239;ve) CD4+ T cells undergo expansion and differentiation to effector subsets at the time of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of cognate antigen presented on MHC class II. The cytokine signals present in the environment at the time of TCR activation are a major factor in determining the effector fate of a na&#239;ve CD4+ T cell. Although the cytokine environment during na&#239;ve T cell activation may be complex and involve both redundant and opposing signals in vivo, the addition of various cytokine combinations during naive CD4+ T cell activation in vitro can readily promote the establishment of effector T helper lineages with hallmark cytokine and transcription factor expression. Such differentiation experiments are commonly used as a first step for the evaluation of targets believed to promote or inhibit the development of certain CD4+ T helper subsets. The addition of mediators, such as signaling agonists, antagonists, or other cytokines, during the differentiation process can also be used to study the influence of a particular target on T cell differentiation. Here, we describe a basic protocol for the isolation of na&#239;ve T cells from mouse and the subsequent steps necessary for polarizing na&#239;ve cells to various T helper effector lineages in vitro.

Mouse Na&amp;#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Na&#239;ve CD4+ T cells polarize to various subsets depending on the environment at the time of activation. The differentiation of na&#239;ve CD4+ T cells to various effector subsets can be achieved in vitro through the addition of T cell receptor stimuli and specific cytokine signals.

Ratón Naïve CD4<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; Aislamiento de células T y<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Diferenciación en subconjuntos de células T

Antigen inexperienced (na&#239;ve) CD4+ T cells undergo expansion and differentiation to effector subsets at the time of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition ...

T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells

Recently, we have shown, contrary to what is described, that CD4+ T cells, the paradigm of adaptive immune cells, capture bacteria from infected dendritic cells (DCs) by a process called transinfection. Here, we describe the analysis of the transinfection process, which occurs during the course of antigen presentation. This process was unveiled by using CD4+ T cells from transgenic OTII mice, which bear a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for a peptide of ovoalbumin (OVAp), which therefore can form stable immune complexes with infected dendritic cells loaded with this specific OVAp. The dynamics of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing bacteria during DC-T cell transmission can be monitored by live-cell imaging and the quantification of bacterial transinfection can be performed by flow cytometry. In addition, transinfection can be quantified by a more sensitive method based in the use of gentamicin, a non-permeable aminoglycoside antibiotic killing extracellular bacteria but not intracellular ones. This classical method has been used previously in microbiology to study the efficiency of bacterial infections. We hereby explain the protocol of the complete process, from the isolation of the primary cells to the quantification of transinfection.

Here a protocol is presented to measure bacterial capture by CD4+ T cells which occurs during antigen presentation via transinfection from pre-infected dendritic cells (DC). We show how to perform the necessary steps: isolation of primary cells, infection of DC, DC/T cell conjugate formation, and measurement of bacterial T cell transfection.

Células T Captura bacterias por transinfection de células dendríticas

Recently, we have shown, contrary to what is described, that CD4+ T cells, the paradigm of adaptive immune cells, capture bacteria from infected dendritic ...

Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils

Tonsils form a part of the immune system providing the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. Usually the term &#8220;tonsils&#8221; refers to the palatine tonsils situated at the lateral walls of the oral part of the pharynx. Surgically removed palatine tonsils provide a convenient accessible source of B and T lymphocytes to study the interplay between foreign pathogens and the host immune system. This video protocol describes the dissection and processing of surgically removed human palatine tonsils, followed by the isolation of the individual B and T cell populations from the same tissue sample. We present a method, which efficiently separates tonsillar B and T lymphocytes using an antibody-dependent affinity protocol. Further, we use the method to demonstrate that human adenovirus infects specifically the tonsillar T cell fraction. The established protocol is generally applicable to efficiently and rapidly isolate tonsillar B and T cell populations to study the role of different types of pathogens in tonsillar immune responses.

Palatine tonsils are a rich source of B and T lymphocytes. Here we provide an easy, efficient and rapid protocol to isolate B and T lymphocytes from human palatine tonsils. The method described has been specifically adapted for studies of the viral etiology of tonsil inflammation known as tonsillitis.

Protocolo Aislamiento eficiente para B y linfocitos T a partir Humanos Palatine amígdalas

Tonsils form a part of the immune system providing the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. Usually the term &#8220;tonsils&#8221; refers to ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore essential for understanding pathogenicity of different pathogens including HIV. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are the prototype of &#39;unconventional&#39; T cells and represent a relatively small subset of T cells defined by their expression of heterodimeric T-cell receptors (TCRs) composed of gamma and delta chains. This sets them apart from the classical and much better known CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that are defined by alpha-beta TCRs. GD T cells often show tissue-specific localization and are enriched in epithelium. GD T cells orchestrate immune responses in inflammation, tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and autoimmunity.
Here, we present a method to reproducibly isolate and analyze human endocervical intraepithelial GD T lymphocytes. We have used endocervical cytobrush samples from women participating in the Women&#39;s Interagency HIV Infection Study (WIHS). Knowledge about GD T cells interactions during conditions in which there is an insult to the vaginal mucosal could be applied to any clinical study in which mucosal vulnerability is addressed, including the development of vaginal microbicides.In addition, knowledge about mucosal GD T cell responses has potential for application of GD T cell-based immune therapy in treating infectious diseases.

We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

Aislamiento y Análisis de citometría de flujo, de Human endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore ...

Assessment of the Synaptic Interface of Primary Human T Cells from Peripheral Blood and Lymphoid Tissue

The current understanding of the dynamics and structural features of T-cell synaptic interfaces has been largely determined through the use of glass-supported planar bilayers and in vitro-derived T-cell clones or lines1,2,3,4. How these findings apply to the primary human T cells isolated from blood or lymphoid tissues is not known, partly due to significant difficulties in obtaining a sufficient number of cells for analysis5. Here we address this through the development of a technique exploiting multichannel flow slides to build planar lipid bilayers containing activating and adhesion molecules. The low height of the flow slides promotes rapid cell sedimentation in order to synchronize cell:bilayer attachment, thereby allowing researchers to study the dynamic of the synaptic interface formation and the kinetics of the granules release. We apply this approach to analyze the synaptic interface of as few as 104 to 105 primary cryopreserved T cells isolated from lymph nodes (LN) and peripheral blood (PB). The results reveal that the novel planar lipid bilayer technique enables the study of the biophysical properties of primary human T cells derived from blood and tissues in the context of health and disease.

The protocol describes a technique to study the ability of primary polyclonal human T cells to form synaptic interfaces using planar lipid bilayers. We use this technique to show the differential synapse formation capability of human primary T cells derived from lymph nodes and peripheral blood.

Evaluación de la interfaz sináptica primaria humana de células de T de sangre periférica y tejido linfoide

The current understanding of the dynamics and structural features of T-cell synaptic interfaces has been largely determined through the use of ...

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection

Double-stranded (ds) RNA is produced as a replicative intermediate during RNA virus infection. Recognition of dsRNA by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as the retinoic acid (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA-5) leads to the induction of the innate immune response. The formation and intracellular distribution of dsRNA in positive-sense RNA virus infection has been well characterized by microscopy. Many negative-sense RNA viruses, including some arenaviruses, trigger the innate immune response during infection. However, negative-sense RNA viruses were thought to produce low levels of dsRNA, which hinders the imaging study of PRR recognition of viral dsRNA. Additionally, infection experiments with highly pathogenic arenaviruses must be performed in high containment biosafety level facilities (BSL-4). The interaction between viral RNA and PRRs for highly pathogenic RNA virus is largely unknown due to the additional technical challenges that researchers need to face in the BSL-4 facilities. Recently, a monoclonal antibody (Mab) (clone 9D5) originally used for pan-enterovirus detection has been found to specifically detect dsRNA with a higher sensitivity than the traditional J2 or K1 anti-dsRNA antibodies. Herein, by utilizing the 9D5 antibody, we describe a confocal microscopy protocol that has been used successfully to visualize dsRNA, viral protein and PRR simultaneously in individual cells infected by arenavirus. The protocol is also suitable for imaging studies of dsRNA and PRR distribution in pathogenic arenavirus infected cells in BSL4 facilities.

Double-stranded RNA produced during RNA virus replication can be recognized by pattern recognition receptors to induce an innate immune response. For negative-sense RNA viruses, the interaction between the low-level dsRNA and PRRs remains unclear. We have developed a confocal microscopy method to visualize arenavirus dsRNA and PRR in individual cells.

Proyección de imagen confocal de ARN bicatenario y receptores de reconocimiento de patrón en la infección por Virus de ARN de sentido negativo

Double-stranded (ds) RNA is produced as a replicative intermediate during RNA virus infection. Recognition of dsRNA by host pattern recognition receptors ...