이 작품은 NIH PBS (R21 AI095484)에 의해 지원된다. 우리는 CD1D 량체를위한 NHI의 테트라 핵심 시설을 감사합니다.

1. 악기의 제조, 문화, 미디어 및 시약 <ol><li> 상품 : 무균 조건 하에서 시약을 준비하고 층류 후드를 사용합니다. </li><li> 소 태아 혈청의 5 %, 수소 나트륨 2.1 g, 10 ㎖ 글루타민산 100 배, HEPES 10 ㎎, 1 밀리그램의 나트륨 피루 베이트 10 ㎖를 100 배의 페니실린 / 스트렙토 마이신을 추가, RPMI 조직 배양 배지 1 L를 준비합니다. 참고 : 권장되는 조직 배양 배지, RPMI는 DMEM에 교환 할 수있다. </li><li> 5 % 콜라게나 &quot;D&quot;솔루션 (조직 문화 매체의 10 ML에 콜라게나 &quot;D&quot;5 ㎖)을 준비합니다. </li><li> 100 %, 80 % 및 40 %의 세 가지 다른 농도에서 퍼콜 솔루션을합니다. 다음의 농도는 1 샘플에 대해 계산됩니다. 실온에서 솔루션을 유지합니다. <ol><li> 퍼콜 용액 (원액부터) 희석 퍼콜 9 ML을 추가합니다; PBS 배 1 ㎖를 추가합니다. </li><li> 퍼콜 솔루션 :; 퍼콜 8 ㎖를 100 % 추가 PBS 1X 2 ㎖를 추가합니다. </li><li> 퍼콜 솔루션 :퍼콜 80 % 4 ㎖를 추가; PBS 1X 4 ㎖를 추가합니다. </li></ol></li><li> (FACS) 버퍼를 정렬 형광 활성화 된 셀의 1 L를 확인; 5 ML 10 % BSA (0.1 % BSA), 1 ㎖의 10 % 아 지드 화 나트륨 (0.1 %), 2 ㎖ EDTA 에이전트, 1X PBS 1,000 ml로 구성을 추가합니다. </li></ol> 신장 소화의 2. 준비 <ol><li> , 필요한 기관 승인을 획득 한 표준 방법으로 쥐를 희생에게서 피를 뽑다 현재 규정 및 동물 관리 지침에 따라 한. <ol><li> 펜토 바르 비탈 (0.07 ㎎ / ㎏)와 마우스를 마취. </li><li> 일어난 과다 출혈로 넘어갑니다. </li><li> 수술대에 누운 위치에 마우스를 놓습니다. </li><li> 70 % 에탄올과 복부 영역 스프레이. </li></ol></li><li> 페트리 접시에 콜라게나 D 솔루션의 10 ML을 추가합니다. </li><li> 제거하고 각 마우스 모두에서 신장을 디 캡슐. <ol><li> 에 흉골의 복부 피부와 복막을 통해 중간 선 절개를함으로써 abdomimal 구멍을 엽니 다치골. </li><li> 측으로 측방 부위를 이동하여 좌측 신장을 노출. </li><li> 조심스럽게 집게로 왼쪽 캡슐을 분리합니다. 참고 : 캡슐은 신장을 둘러싸고있는 투명한 층으로 나타납니다 부분적으로 perinephric 지방 조직에 의해 덮여. </li><li> 수술 가위를 사용하여 척추 경 혈관을 절단하여 왼쪽 신장을 제거합니다. </li><li> 오른쪽 신장에 대해 동일한 절차를 반복합니다. 참고 : 오른쪽 신장은 더 많은 두개골과 중간 선 (작은 꽃자루가 짧다)에 더 가깝다. </li></ol></li><li> 페트리 접시에 신장을 놓습니다. </li><li> 일반 금속 형성 블레이드를 사용하여 작은 조각으로 신장 조직 (치수 1 ~ 2 mm)를 절단하고 (그림 1) 37 ° C에서 인큐베이터에서 30 ~ 45 분 동안 콜라게나 솔루션으로 조각을 배치합니다. </li></ol> 신장의 소화에서 신장 단핵 세포 (KMNC) 3. 준비 <ol><li> 신장의 세포 현탁액을 얻을기계적 조직 배양 배지 25 ㎖에 스트레이너 (70 μm의)와에 resuspend를 사용하여 혼합 조직을 방해하여 소화. </li><li> 세포 현탁액을 펠렛 4 ° C에서 10 분 400 XG에 원심 분리기. </li><li> 아주 천천히, 조심스럽게 40 % 퍼콜 용액 4 ㎖의 펠렛을 다시 일시 중단하고 부드럽게 전달 플라스틱 피펫으로 80 % 퍼콜 용액 4 ㎖에 오버레이. 이것은 분명히 반투명 층에 의해 분리 된 두 개의 단계가 발생합니다. 상단에있는 지질에 해당하는 노란색 층이 될 것입니다. </li><li> 브레이크 오프 모드에서 원심 분리하여 실온에서 30 분 동안 1,500 XG에서 원심 분리기. </li><li> 흡인에 의해 노란색 두꺼운 꼭대기 층 (약 1 ~ 2 ㎖) 제거합니다. </li><li> 전송 피펫을 가진 두 단계의 인터페이스 만 약간의 흰 반투명 레이어를 수집합니다. 아주 조심스럽게 조직 배양액 2 ㎖를 함유하는 15 ㎖의 원뿔형 튜브에이 현탁액을 전송하고 총 부피를 만들기 위해 배지 13 mL를 넣고15 ML. </li><li> 4 ℃에서 10 분 동안 400 XG에 원심 분리기 </li><li> 배지 1 ㎖에 샘플에 resuspend. </li><li> 혈구에 트리 판 블루 배제를 사용 KMNC의 수를 계산 및 신장 당 ML 당 KMNC의 숫자로 결과를 표현한다. </li><li> 한 번 상기와 같이 씻는다. </li></ol> KMNC에서 4. 조혈의 분리 (CD45의 +) 세포 (단계 I) <ol><li> 버퍼를 실행의 90 μL에 10 7 세포를 재현 탁. </li><li> CD45 마이크로 비즈의 10 μl를 추가하고 4 ℃에서 15 분 동안 품어 </li><li> 반응을 정지 실행 버퍼 1 ML을 추가합니다. 버퍼를 실행 500 μL에서 4 ° C와에 resuspend에서 10 분 400 XG에 원심 분리기. </li><li> 자석에 배치하여 자기 열을 준비하고 버퍼를 실행의 3 ㎖로 씻어. </li><li> 자기 칼럼을 통해 세포 현탁액을 통과하고 열을 통과 레이블이없는 세포를 수집합니다. </li><li> runn 3 ㎖의 세포를 세 번 씻으십시오버퍼를 보내고. 그런 다음 유출 물을 수집합니다. </li><li> 분리 및 피펫 열에 버퍼를 실행 5 ㎖에서 열을 제거하고 즉시 표시된 부분을 세척하십시오. 이 부분은 CD45 + 세포가 포함되어 있습니다. 세포를 계산합니다. </li><li> 신장에 다른 T 세포 아형의 절대 수를 계산하는 것은 유동 세포 계측법에 의해 결정 양성 세포의 비율 (도 2)에 의해 KMNC의 총 수를 곱한다. </li></ol> 음의 선택에 의해 CD45 + 준비에서 DN T 세포 5. 절연 (단계 II) <ol><li> 다음 비오틴 항체의 각 2.5 μL (0.5 ㎎ / ㎖, 1.25 μg) 추가 : 안티 - CD4, 항 CD8, 안티-FC 수용체 (CD16/32을), 안티 MHC 클래스 II (IA의 B), 안티 - 매 10 7 조혈 세포에 대한 CD1D PBS-57 량체. </li><li> 차가운 방에서 30 분 동안 세포를 품어. </li><li> 1 ㎖ 안티 - 비오틴 마이크로 비드를 추가합니다. </li><li> 추운 방에서 30 분 동안 품어. </li><li> t에 튜브를 놓고그는 자석과 고갈로 진행합니다. </li><li> 혈구를 사용하여 음의 분획 DN T 세포의 총 수를 결정하는 생세포 횟수. </li><li> 제 1 게이트 CD45의 +, 제 2 게이트 TCRαβ +이 게이팅 전략에 따라 유동 세포 계측법과 DN T 세포의 순도를 확인합니다. CD1D + 세포를 제외합니다. CD8 + 대 플롯 CD4 +는 DN T 세포 (그림 3)를 식별합니다. </li><li> 순도 결정된 비율로 총 수를 곱한다. 참고 : 90 % 이상 순수 DN T 세포의 인구에이 프로토콜의 결과를 사용하여. </li></ol>

<ol>
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저자가 공개하는 게 없다.

그들은 같은자가 면역 질환, 암, 이식 허용, 급성 신장 손상 (AKI)을 포함하여 신장의 주요 질환과 같은 다른 병리학 적 조건에 연루되고 있기 때문에 DN T 세포에 대한 관심이 증가가, 8, 13 사구체 신염. 따라서, 더 나은 DN T 세포의 병태 생리 학적 기능을 이해 및 특성화가 필요하다. 그러나, 현재 CD4와 CD8 T 세포에 비해 이러한 세포의 기능에 대한 이해의 부족이있다. 가장 큰 이유는 차 림프 ?...

A correction was made to: <a href="http://www.jove.com/video/51192/isolation-of-double-negative-t-cells-from-the-kidney">Isolation of Double Negative &#945;&#946; T Cells from the Kidney</a>.
There was an error with an author's name. The author's given name had a typo, this was corrected to:
Samatha Bandapelle
instead of:
Samantha Bandapelle

A correction was made to: Isolation of Double Negative &#945;&#946; T Cells from the Kidney.

Erratum: Isolation of Double Negative &#945;&#946; T Cells from the Kidney

주변 αβTCR + CD3 + CD4 - CD8 - 이중 부정은 (DN) T 세포는 별개의 표현형과 기능 1-4을 가지고 다양한 하위 집합으로 분할된다. DN T 세포는 제대로 이해하고 있지만 점점 다른 질병 모델 4-6의 병태 생리 학적 면역 반응에 연루된다. DN T 세포는 점점 더 다양한 면역 및자가 면역 반응의 조절과 이식 실험 관용의 변조에 연루되는 고유 한 면역 세포의 유형입니다. 4-6, 9 그들은 비장과 림프절 (말초 혈액 및 이차 림프 기관에 드문 ). 그러나, 그들은 정상 신장 및 소화관 상피 10-12의 주요 거주자. 약간은 정상 상태에서의 신장에서의 기능 7에 대해 이러한 신장 transpl과 관련된 급성 신장 손상 (AKI)과 같은 병적 인 조건에서 알려져있다개미. 이 때문에, 각 플레이어의 역할을 정의 alloresponses 포함한 면역 반응을 조절하는 다른 면역 세포의 복잡한 역할은 alloresponses 승낙 새로운 치료제를 설계하는데 중요하다. 생리적 및 다양한 질병 상태에서 신장에 존재 DN T 세포의 상당수 감안 DN T 세포는 이식 수혜자에서 중요한 마우스 및 인간 면역 및자가 면역 반응을 조절하는데 역할 및 alloresponses 재생할 가능성이있다. 아직도 흩어져있는 증거 불구하고 축적하는 것은 모두 병원성 및 면역 기능에 DN T 세포를 연루하지만, 왜, 어떻게 그들이 특정 유해하거나 억제 기능을 발휘하고 환경 영향을 그들이 어떻게 그것을 제대로 이해된다. 때문에 신장에서의 낮은 풍요, 분리의 개선 된 방법이 필요합니다. t에서 DN T 세포의 분리를위한 표준 프로토콜은 없습니다그는 비 림프 조직. 우리 프로토콜은 신장에서 DN T 세포의 분리를위한 신규 한 방법을 설명한다; 그러나, 상기 방법은 또한 다양한 비 - 림프 조직을 위해 사용될 수있다.

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isolation of double negative &#945;&#946; t cells from the kidney

비 림프 조직에서 DN T 세포의 분리를위한 표준 프로토콜은 다양한 면역 반응에서의 점점보고 참여에도 불구하고 현재 없습니다. DN T 세포는 allotransplants 1-6로 면역 및자가 면역 반응과 내성을 조절에 연루되어 고유 한 면역 세포의 유형입니다. DN T 세포는 말초 혈액 및 이차 림프​​ 기관 (비장과 림프절)에서 드문,하지만,하지만, 정상적인 신장의 주요 거주자입니다. 아주 작은 인해 주변에서의 소수 자신의 병태 생리 학적 기능 7에 대한 알려져있다. 우리는 최근에 정상 상태 및 허혈 재관류 손상시 신장 8이 인구의 포괄적 인 표현형 및 기능 분석을 설명했다. DN T 세포 기능 분석을 크게 신장에서의 그들의 분리를위한 프로토콜을 개발함으로써 강화 될 것이다. 여기, 우리는 isolatio 수있는 새로운 프로토콜을 설명뮤린 신장으로부터 고순도 AB CD4 + CD8 + T 세포 및 DN T 세포의 N. 간단히 말해서, 우리는 콜라게나 제를 사용하여 신장 조직을 소화하고 밀도 구배에 의해 신장 단핵 세포 (KMNC)를 분리. 이것은 KMNC에서 70 %로 3 %에서 조혈 T 세포를 풍부하게하기 위해 두 단계로 이어진다. 첫 번째 단계는 CD45 + 분리 키트를 사용하여 조혈 세포의 포지티브 선택으로 구성된다. 두 번째 단계에서는, DN T 세포는 부정적인 CD4, CD8, 및 MHC 클래스 II 단일 클론 항체 및 CD1D α-galcer 량체를 사용하여 원하지 않는 세포의 제거에 의해 격리됩니다. 이 전략은 90 % 이상 순수 DN T 세포의 인구에 이르게한다. FACS 분석이어서 상기 항체 표면 염색은 순도를 확인하기 위하여 사용된다.

야생형 C57BL / 6 (B6) 신장 신장 당 약 1.5-2.1 × 10 6 단핵 세포가 포함되어 있습니다. 약 10 % 미만은 조혈 CD45 + 세포 수 있습니다. 5 % 콜라게나 제를 사용하여 분해 한 다음도 1에 나타낸 바와 같이 신장 단핵 세포 (KMNC)의 제조에 대하여, 신장이 작은 조각으로 절단된다. 이것은 KMNC 층 (도 2, 왼쪽 패널) 수집하는 밀도 구배 원심 분리를 수행...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Double Negative Î±Î² T Cells from the Kidney at JoVE.com

Isolation of Double Negative &amp;#945;&amp;#946; T Cells from the Kidney

DNabT 세포가 말초 T 세포 사이 드물다; 그러나, 그들은 특정 비 림프 조직에 풍부합니다. 비 림프 조직에서 DN T 세포를 분리의 어려움은 병태 생리 학적 중요성을 인식 증가에도 불구하고 자신의 기능 분석을 방해한다. 우리는 쥐의 신장에서 고순도 DN T 세포의 분리를 위해 새로운 프로토콜을 설명합니다.

신장에서 더블 네거티브 (Double Negative) αβ의 T 세포의 분리

There is currently no standard protocol for the isolation of DN T cells from the non-lymphoid tissues despite their increasingly reported involvement in ...

isolation-of-double-negative-t-cells-from-the-kidney

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Isolation of Double Negative &#945;&#946; T Cells from the Kidney

12.1K 조회수.  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.  DNabT 세포가 말초 T 세포 사이 드물다; 그러나, 그들은 특정 비 림프 조직에 풍부합니다. 비 림프 조직에서 DN T 세포를 분리의 어려움은 병태 생리 학적 중요성을 인식 증가에도 불구하고 자신의 기능 분석을 방해한다. 우리는 쥐의 신장에서 고순도 DN T 세포의 분리를 위해 새로운 프로토콜을 설명합니다. 

비디오: Isolation of Double Negative &#945;&#946; T Cells from the Kidney

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&iuml;ve and Memory T Cells

The development and maintenance of immunosuppressive CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to the peripheral tolerance needed to remain in immunologic homeostasis with the vast amount of self and commensal antigens in and on the human body. Perturbations in the balance between Tregs and inflammatory conventional T cells can result in immunopathology or cancer. Although therapeutic injection of Tregs has been shown to be efficacious in murine models of colitis1 , type I diabetes2 , rheumatoid arthritis and graft versus host disease,4 several fundamental differences in human versus mouse Treg biology5 has thus far precluded clinical use. The lack of sufficient number, purity, stability and homing specificity of therapeutic Tregs necessitated a dynamic platform of human Treg development on which to optimize conditions for their ex vivo expansion6.
Here we describe a method for the differentiation of induced Tregs (iTregs) from a single human peripheral blood donor which can be broken down into four stages: isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, magnetic selection of CD4+ T cells, in vitro cell culture and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) of T cell subsets. Since the Treg signature transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) is an activation-induced transcription factor in humans7 and no other unique marker exists, a combinatorial panel of markers must be used to identify T cells with suppressor activity. After six days in culture, cells in our system can be demarcated into na&iuml;ve T cells, memory T cells or iTregs based on their relative expression of CD25 and CD45RA. As memory and na&iuml;ve T cells have different reported polarization requirements and plasticities8 , pre-sorting of the initial T cell population into CD45RA+ and CD45RO+ subsets can be used to examine these discrepancies. Consistent with others, our CD25HiCD45RA- iTregs express high levels of FoxP39 , GITR and CTLA-411 and low levels of CD12712 . Following FACS of each population, resultant cells can be used in a suppressor assay which evaluates the relative ability to retard the proliferation of carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled autologous T cells.

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Na&amp;#239;ve and Memory T Cells

We describe a method for generating regulatory, memory and na&#239;ve T cells from a single human blood donor. Polarized Tregs can be then compared to other subsets in a variety of genetic and functional applications with genetic homogeneity, including a suppression assay also detailed here.

기본 인적 나이브 및 메모리 T의 세포로부터 유도된 규제 T 세포의 생성

The development and maintenance of immunosuppressive CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) contribute to the peripheral tolerance needed to remain in ...

연구

면역학 및 감염병학

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets including Th1, Th2, and regulatory T cells. Th17 cells have emerged as a central culprit in overzealous inflammatory immune responses associated with many autoimmune disorders. In this method we purify T lymphocytes from the spleen and lymph nodes of C57BL/6 mice, and stimulate purified CD4+ T cells under control and Th17-inducing environments. The Th17-inducing environment includes stimulation in the presence of anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies, IL-6, and TGF-&#946;. After incubation for at least 72 hours and for up to five days at 37 &#176;C, cells are subsequently analyzed for the capability to produce IL-17 through flow cytometry, qPCR, and ELISAs. Th17 differentiated CD4+CD25- T cells can be utilized to further elucidate the role that Th17 cells play in the onset and progression of autoimmunity and host defense. Moreover, Th17 differentiation of CD4+CD25- lymphocytes from distinct murine knockout/disease models can contribute to our understanding of cell fate plasticity.

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&amp;#239;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

With effector functions distinct from other T cell subsets, Th17 cells have been centrally implicated in inflammatory autoimmunity. This in vitro Th17 differentiation protocol provides a means to determine whether na&#239;ve CD4+ T lymphocytes can differentiate into Th17 cells, and to further examine their role in autoimmunity and host response.

분리 및 나이브 CD4 T 림프구의 TH17 분화

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets ...

Derivation of T Cells In Vitro from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

The OP9/OP9-DL1 co-culture system has become a well-established method for deriving differentiated blood cell types from embryonic and hematopoietic progenitors of both mouse and human origin. It is now used to address a growing variety of complex genetic, cellular and molecular questions related to hematopoiesis, and is at the cutting edge of efforts to translate these basic findings to therapeutic applications. The procedures are straightforward and routinely yield robust results. However, achieving successful hematopoietic differentiation in vitro requires special attention to the details of reagent and cell culture maintenance. Furthermore, the protocol features technique sensitive steps that, while not difficult, take care and practice to master. Here we focus on the procedures for differentiation of T lymphocytes from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC). We provide a detailed protocol with discussions of the critical steps and parameters that enable reproducibly robust cellular differentiation in vitro. It is in the interest of the field to consider wider adoption of this technology, as it has the potential to reduce animal use, lower the cost and shorten the timelines of both basic and translational experimentation.

Derivation of T Cells In Vitro from Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

Mouse embryonic stem cells can be differentiated to T cells in vitro using the OP9-DL1 co-culture system. Success in this procedure requires careful attention to reagent/cell maintenance, and key technique sensitive steps. Here we discuss these critical parameters and provide a detailed protocol to encourage adoption of this technology.

T 세포의 유도<em&gt; 체외</em&gt; 마우스 배아 줄기 세포에서

The OP9/OP9-DL1 co-culture system has become a well-established method for deriving differentiated blood cell types from embryonic and hematopoietic ...

Generation of Human Alloantigen-specific T Cells from Peripheral Blood

The study of human T lymphocyte biology often involves examination of responses to activating ligands. T cells recognize and respond to processed peptide antigens presented by MHC (human ortholog HLA) molecules through the T cell receptor (TCR) in a highly sensitive and specific manner. While the primary function of T cells is to mediate protective immune responses to foreign antigens presented by self-MHC, T cells respond robustly to antigenic differences in allogeneic tissues. T cell responses to alloantigens can be described as either direct or indirect alloreactivity. In alloreactivity, the T cell responds through highly specific recognition of both the presented peptide and the MHC molecule. The robust oligoclonal response of T cells to allogeneic stimulation reflects the large number of potentially stimulatory alloantigens present in allogeneic tissues. While the breadth of alloreactive T cell responses is an important factor in initiating and mediating the pathology associated with biologically-relevant alloreactive responses such as graft versus host disease and allograft rejection, it can preclude analysis of T cell responses to allogeneic ligands. To this end, this protocol describes a method for generating alloreactive T cells from naive human peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) that respond to known peptide-MHC (pMHC) alloantigens. The protocol applies pMHC multimer labeling, magnetic bead enrichment and flow cytometry to single cell in vitro culture methods for the generation of alloantigen-specific T cell clones. This enables studies of the biochemistry and function of T cells responding to allogeneic stimulation.

This article describes a method for the generation and propagation of human T cell clones that specifically respond to a defined alloantigen. This protocol can be adapted for cloning human T cells specific for a variety of peptide-MHC ligands.

말초 혈액에서 인간 Alloantigen 특정 T 세포의 생성

The study of human T lymphocyte biology often involves examination of responses to activating ligands. T cells recognize and respond to processed peptide ...

Mouse Na&#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Antigen inexperienced (na&#239;ve) CD4+ T cells undergo expansion and differentiation to effector subsets at the time of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition of cognate antigen presented on MHC class II. The cytokine signals present in the environment at the time of TCR activation are a major factor in determining the effector fate of a na&#239;ve CD4+ T cell. Although the cytokine environment during na&#239;ve T cell activation may be complex and involve both redundant and opposing signals in vivo, the addition of various cytokine combinations during naive CD4+ T cell activation in vitro can readily promote the establishment of effector T helper lineages with hallmark cytokine and transcription factor expression. Such differentiation experiments are commonly used as a first step for the evaluation of targets believed to promote or inhibit the development of certain CD4+ T helper subsets. The addition of mediators, such as signaling agonists, antagonists, or other cytokines, during the differentiation process can also be used to study the influence of a particular target on T cell differentiation. Here, we describe a basic protocol for the isolation of na&#239;ve T cells from mouse and the subsequent steps necessary for polarizing na&#239;ve cells to various T helper effector lineages in vitro.

Mouse Na&amp;#239;ve CD4+ T Cell Isolation and In vitro Differentiation into T Cell Subsets

Na&#239;ve CD4+ T cells polarize to various subsets depending on the environment at the time of activation. The differentiation of na&#239;ve CD4+ T cells to various effector subsets can be achieved in vitro through the addition of T cell receptor stimuli and specific cytokine signals.

마우스 나이브 CD4<sup&gt; +</sup&gt; T 세포의 분리 및<em&gt; 시험관</em&gt; T 세포 하위 집합으로 차별화

Antigen inexperienced (na&#239;ve) CD4+ T cells undergo expansion and differentiation to effector subsets at the time of T cell receptor (TCR) recognition ...

T Cells Capture Bacteria by Transinfection from Dendritic Cells

Recently, we have shown, contrary to what is described, that CD4+ T cells, the paradigm of adaptive immune cells, capture bacteria from infected dendritic cells (DCs) by a process called transinfection. Here, we describe the analysis of the transinfection process, which occurs during the course of antigen presentation. This process was unveiled by using CD4+ T cells from transgenic OTII mice, which bear a T cell receptor (TCR) specific for a peptide of ovoalbumin (OVAp), which therefore can form stable immune complexes with infected dendritic cells loaded with this specific OVAp. The dynamics of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing bacteria during DC-T cell transmission can be monitored by live-cell imaging and the quantification of bacterial transinfection can be performed by flow cytometry. In addition, transinfection can be quantified by a more sensitive method based in the use of gentamicin, a non-permeable aminoglycoside antibiotic killing extracellular bacteria but not intracellular ones. This classical method has been used previously in microbiology to study the efficiency of bacterial infections. We hereby explain the protocol of the complete process, from the isolation of the primary cells to the quantification of transinfection.

Here a protocol is presented to measure bacterial capture by CD4+ T cells which occurs during antigen presentation via transinfection from pre-infected dendritic cells (DC). We show how to perform the necessary steps: isolation of primary cells, infection of DC, DC/T cell conjugate formation, and measurement of bacterial T cell transfection.

T 세포는 수지상 세포에서 Transinfection에 의해 박테리아를 캡처

Recently, we have shown, contrary to what is described, that CD4+ T cells, the paradigm of adaptive immune cells, capture bacteria from infected dendritic ...

Efficient Isolation Protocol for B and T Lymphocytes from Human Palatine Tonsils

Tonsils form a part of the immune system providing the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. Usually the term &#8220;tonsils&#8221; refers to the palatine tonsils situated at the lateral walls of the oral part of the pharynx. Surgically removed palatine tonsils provide a convenient accessible source of B and T lymphocytes to study the interplay between foreign pathogens and the host immune system. This video protocol describes the dissection and processing of surgically removed human palatine tonsils, followed by the isolation of the individual B and T cell populations from the same tissue sample. We present a method, which efficiently separates tonsillar B and T lymphocytes using an antibody-dependent affinity protocol. Further, we use the method to demonstrate that human adenovirus infects specifically the tonsillar T cell fraction. The established protocol is generally applicable to efficiently and rapidly isolate tonsillar B and T cell populations to study the role of different types of pathogens in tonsillar immune responses.

Palatine tonsils are a rich source of B and T lymphocytes. Here we provide an easy, efficient and rapid protocol to isolate B and T lymphocytes from human palatine tonsils. The method described has been specifically adapted for studies of the viral etiology of tonsil inflammation known as tonsillitis.

인간 팔라티노 편도선에서 B와 T 림프구에 대한 효율적인 분리 프로토콜

Tonsils form a part of the immune system providing the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. Usually the term &#8220;tonsils&#8221; refers to ...

Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Human Endocervical Gamma Delta T Cells

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore essential for understanding pathogenicity of different pathogens including HIV. Gamma delta (GD) T cells are the prototype of &#39;unconventional&#39; T cells and represent a relatively small subset of T cells defined by their expression of heterodimeric T-cell receptors (TCRs) composed of gamma and delta chains. This sets them apart from the classical and much better known CD4+ helper T cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells that are defined by alpha-beta TCRs. GD T cells often show tissue-specific localization and are enriched in epithelium. GD T cells orchestrate immune responses in inflammation, tumor surveillance, infectious disease, and autoimmunity.
Here, we present a method to reproducibly isolate and analyze human endocervical intraepithelial GD T lymphocytes. We have used endocervical cytobrush samples from women participating in the Women&#39;s Interagency HIV Infection Study (WIHS). Knowledge about GD T cells interactions during conditions in which there is an insult to the vaginal mucosal could be applied to any clinical study in which mucosal vulnerability is addressed, including the development of vaginal microbicides.In addition, knowledge about mucosal GD T cell responses has potential for application of GD T cell-based immune therapy in treating infectious diseases.

We describe here an isolation method to obtain human endocervical intraepithelial lymphocytes for the analysis of intraepithelial gamma delta T cells. This protocol can be extended for the purification of endocervical gamma delta T cells by magnetic beads or by cell sorting.

인간의 자궁 경부 감마 델타 T 세포의 분리 및 유세포 분석

The female reproductive tract (FRT) mucosal immune system serves as the first line of defense. Better knowledge of the genital mucosa is therefore ...

Assessment of the Synaptic Interface of Primary Human T Cells from Peripheral Blood and Lymphoid Tissue

The current understanding of the dynamics and structural features of T-cell synaptic interfaces has been largely determined through the use of glass-supported planar bilayers and in vitro-derived T-cell clones or lines1,2,3,4. How these findings apply to the primary human T cells isolated from blood or lymphoid tissues is not known, partly due to significant difficulties in obtaining a sufficient number of cells for analysis5. Here we address this through the development of a technique exploiting multichannel flow slides to build planar lipid bilayers containing activating and adhesion molecules. The low height of the flow slides promotes rapid cell sedimentation in order to synchronize cell:bilayer attachment, thereby allowing researchers to study the dynamic of the synaptic interface formation and the kinetics of the granules release. We apply this approach to analyze the synaptic interface of as few as 104 to 105 primary cryopreserved T cells isolated from lymph nodes (LN) and peripheral blood (PB). The results reveal that the novel planar lipid bilayer technique enables the study of the biophysical properties of primary human T cells derived from blood and tissues in the context of health and disease.

The protocol describes a technique to study the ability of primary polyclonal human T cells to form synaptic interfaces using planar lipid bilayers. We use this technique to show the differential synapse formation capability of human primary T cells derived from lymph nodes and peripheral blood.

말 초 혈액 및 림프 조직에서 기본 인간 T 세포의 시 냅 스 인터페이스의 평가

The current understanding of the dynamics and structural features of T-cell synaptic interfaces has been largely determined through the use of ...

Confocal Imaging of Double-Stranded RNA and Pattern Recognition Receptors in Negative-Sense RNA Virus Infection

Double-stranded (ds) RNA is produced as a replicative intermediate during RNA virus infection. Recognition of dsRNA by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as the retinoic acid (RIG-I) like receptors (RLRs) RIG-I and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA-5) leads to the induction of the innate immune response. The formation and intracellular distribution of dsRNA in positive-sense RNA virus infection has been well characterized by microscopy. Many negative-sense RNA viruses, including some arenaviruses, trigger the innate immune response during infection. However, negative-sense RNA viruses were thought to produce low levels of dsRNA, which hinders the imaging study of PRR recognition of viral dsRNA. Additionally, infection experiments with highly pathogenic arenaviruses must be performed in high containment biosafety level facilities (BSL-4). The interaction between viral RNA and PRRs for highly pathogenic RNA virus is largely unknown due to the additional technical challenges that researchers need to face in the BSL-4 facilities. Recently, a monoclonal antibody (Mab) (clone 9D5) originally used for pan-enterovirus detection has been found to specifically detect dsRNA with a higher sensitivity than the traditional J2 or K1 anti-dsRNA antibodies. Herein, by utilizing the 9D5 antibody, we describe a confocal microscopy protocol that has been used successfully to visualize dsRNA, viral protein and PRR simultaneously in individual cells infected by arenavirus. The protocol is also suitable for imaging studies of dsRNA and PRR distribution in pathogenic arenavirus infected cells in BSL4 facilities.

Double-stranded RNA produced during RNA virus replication can be recognized by pattern recognition receptors to induce an innate immune response. For negative-sense RNA viruses, the interaction between the low-level dsRNA and PRRs remains unclear. We have developed a confocal microscopy method to visualize arenavirus dsRNA and PRR in individual cells.

이중 가닥 RNA와 패턴 인식 수용 체 부정적인 감 RNA 바이러스 감염에의 confocal 영상

Double-stranded (ds) RNA is produced as a replicative intermediate during RNA virus infection. Recognition of dsRNA by host pattern recognition receptors ...