DCED Estado de Pennsylvania

1. Curso de Construcción <ol><li> Instale piso supuesto. Dimensiones del curso son 40 pies de largo por 7 metros de ancho que consisten en 280 1 ft 2 baldosas portátiles (baldosas evento amarillento). Coloque con el ajuste negro alrededor del perímetro única (Figura 1). </li><li> Pinte las paredes adyacentes para que coincida con las baldosas del suelo, creando un ambiente un tanto monocromática. Colores que utilizamos con los valores de escala de grises se proporcionan (Tabla 5). Si los colores específicos no están disponibles, se recomienda tomar una baldosa a una ferretería para emparejar el color. </li><li> Instalar iluminación de acuerdo con la plantilla de la iluminación (Figura 1). Conecte las luces de regulador de intensidad. </li><li> Pintar obstáculos conforme a las instrucciones de la pintura (Figura 2). </li></ol> 2. Preparar Testing Area <ol><li> Ajuste la iluminación a la condición deseada y comprobar con un medidor de luz al principio, en medio y al final del pasillo que contiene el curso. </li&gt; <li> Asegúrese de que la cámara de vídeo está configurado para grabar y que la colocación de la cámara es adecuado para capturar los sujetos, ya que caminar a través del curso. Se recomienda un soporte de techo o, alternativamente, la cámara se hace a mano. </li></ol> 3. Record Preferred Caminar velocidad PWS <ol><li> Coloque el tema en el centro de la calzada (columna curso &quot;D&quot;). Nota: Los dedos de los pies deben estar detrás de la frontera de la pasarela. Lea las instrucciones para el sujeto (Figura 3). </li><li> Comience cronómetro una vez pie cruza la frontera negro y en ruta. Tiempo de parada una vez que cruza la frontera del pie negro en el otro extremo del pasillo. Tiempo de registro como PWS1. Gire sujeto vuelta y repita el procedimiento en sentido contrario. Tiempo de registro como PWS2. PWS1 media y PWS2 y registro como PWS final. </li></ol> 4. Carrera de obstáculos de navegación <ol><li> Desde el régimen de la aleatorización, creado el primer curso (Figura 4). Las baldosas del suelo se deben utilizar como la red sobre which los obstáculos se asignan. Consulte el diagrama previsto asignación correcta de los obstáculos. Es útil para numerar los azulejos a lo largo del eje vertical y horizontal con un marcador indeleble para permitir la fácil colocación de los obstáculos. También es útil para etiquetar los obstáculos según los esquemas previstos en un lugar discreto. </li><li> Guía de la asignatura al inicio de 40 pies pasarela. Lea las instrucciones para el sujeto (Figura 3). Asunto debe colocarse en el centro de la calzada (columna &quot;D&quot;) con los dedos detrás de la frontera. Comience cronómetro una vez pie cruza la frontera negro y en ruta. Tiempo de parada una vez que cruza la frontera del pie negro en el otro extremo del pasillo. Anote este tiempo como velocidad de golf (CS). </li><li> Record cuando los obstáculos se ven afectados, calificar la gravedad del golpe en una escala de 3 puntos. La carrera del curso debe ser grabado en video para su confirmación posterior por un observador independiente. </li></ol> 5. Obstáculo de identificación <ol><li> Sobre la terminación de COUtarea de navegación rse, gire sujeto vuelta para enfrentar el curso y la posición en el centro del curso (columna D). Nota: asegúrese de que todos los obstáculos que requieren reposición con el fin de ver el color correcto de fin de curso se hace girar. Lea las instrucciones de sujeto (Figura 3). En este momento se administrará la primera tarea de identificación de objetos. Pida al sujeto para dar la vuelta y decirle al asistente de investigación en el número total de objetos que puedan discernir dentro de 30 seg. Este número debe ser registrado. </li><li> Dígale al sujeto que caminar de regreso a través del curso y el punto a cada obstáculo que puedan ver. No importa si ellos chocan con el obstáculo. Se registra el número de obstáculos que pueden ver. Es útil anotar que los obstáculos son capaces de detectar. Esto no se mide el tiempo. </li></ol> Los artículos 4 y 5 deben repetirse para cada versión supuesto que se ejecuta.

<ol>
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Los autores no tienen nada que revelar.

Se describe un curso de interior, portátil, fácilmente reproducible y relativamente barato que puede utilizarse para evaluar la evitación de obstáculos en las personas que son ciegas o con baja visión. La mayoría de los diseños y pruebas (es decir REMOLCADORES) carrera de obstáculos actuales son difíciles de comparar entre los sitios y los observadores, o son instilaciones permanentes que no pueden fácilmente ser realizadas en lugares alternos 16,17,30. Nuestro objetivo era crear un curso q...

Evaluaciones de rehabilitación de baja visión deben determinar si los resultados de la intervención en la mejora de la función. Las mediciones de rendimiento suelen incluir lectura o funcionales evaluaciones computarizadas 1-9, así como la calidad de vida cuestionarios 10-15. Ser capaz de evaluar también la capacidad del paciente de baja visión para navegar alrededor de obstáculos también podría proporcionar pistas sobre las mejoras funcionales 18 en particular en el caso de los dispositivos de visión artificial. Geruschat et al. Publicado recientemente los resultados de navegación con un chip implante de retina, poniendo de relieve la necesidad de una métrica estándar en esta área 17. De momento no hay gran aceptación, objetiva, validado, y las normas generales para la determinación de la capacidad de evasión de obstáculos. Desarrollo de una prueba funcional que se correlacionan con el rendimiento de navegación para personas con baja visión o &quot;baja visión de ultra&quot;, como produced por visión artificial sería deseable, pero sigue siendo un objetivo difícil de alcanzar. La floreciente campo de los dispositivos de visión artificial, como los chips de implantes retinales 18-24 o dispositivos de sustitución sensorial, como el BrainPort 25 y la voz 26, requiere una prueba de evitación de obstáculos que podrían correlacionar con el aumento de capacidades de navegación conferidos por estos dispositivos. Tal evaluación no sólo permiten a los sujetos a entender sus propias limitaciones a medida que atraviesan sus alrededores, pero podría proporcionar un medio para medir la mejora con la orientación y la formación de movilidad o entre iteraciones de prototipos de dispositivos de mejora de la visión. Idealmente, podría haber alguna posibilidad de evaluar el riesgo de un individuo de 27 accidentes por caídas. Nuestro objetivo era crear una carrera de obstáculos que podrían ser útiles para la evaluación de la capacidad de navegación en pacientes que utilizan dispositivos de visión artificial y transferibles al ámbito de lvisión ow en general. Una revisión de la literatura publicada sobre carreras de obstáculos y la discapacidad visual se llevó a cabo utilizando la base de datos PubMed. Ha habido numerosos intentos de crear carreras de obstáculos estandarizados 16,17,28-31,34. La mayoría de estos no son portátiles en el sentido de que sería difícil de reproducir exactamente el ajuste, en particular para los cursos al aire libre. Maguire et al. Describen carrera de obstáculos que se usa para mostrar el desempeño de movilidad en pacientes con Amaurosis Congénita de Leber. Este curso tiene la ventaja de ser portátil y pequeño, pero no está claro si los diferentes iteraciones han sido puestos a disposición para prevenir los efectos de memorización, ni existen disposiciones para los obstáculos que no están en el suelo, cambios en la textura, o stepovers. Leat ofrece una incisiva descripción de posibles dificultades en el diseño de un curso y pone adelante una descripción de un curso al aire libre que, desgraciadamente, no sería capaz de reproducirse exactamente en una alternAtive ubicación 30. Velikay-Parel et al. Describe una prueba de la movilidad para el uso con los chips de implantes de retina. Este diseño tiene la ventaja de ser portátil y fácil de ejecutar. Si bien este supuesto puede ser reproducida en un lugar alternativo, no se proporcionan detalles específicos sobre la construcción de golf. Por otra parte, y más preocupante fue que mostraron el efecto de aprendizaje alcanzado niveles asintóticos debido al supuesto familiaridad, por lo tanto, ser capaz de prevenir el supuesto memorización podría eliminar por completo la preocupación por la pérdida del efecto aprendizaje en el tiempo 18. Ninguno de los cursos descritos hasta el momento han sido ampliamente adoptada por las comunidades de baja visión y rehabilitación. Los autores consultados posteriormente con un equipo de seis para la baja visión terapeutas ocupacionales y especialistas en orientación y movilidad de la Escuela Occidental de Pensilvania para Niños Ciegos (Pittsburgh, PA) y Ciegos y Visión Servicios de Rehabilitación de Pittsburgh (Homestead, PA) regArding propuso el diseño del curso. Atributos deseables de una carrera de obstáculos funcionales identificados incluyeron: Portabilidad para un fácil montaje / desmontaje y almacenamiento, la flexibilidad para probar tanto en condiciones de poca luz y brillantes, y para reflejar las situaciones de &quot;la vida real&quot; mediante la inclusión de los obstáculos que representan los objetos en el entorno de la casa de un paciente que son lo suficientemente resistente como para soportar la colisión repetida mientras que ser dúctil a fin de evitar lesiones en el paciente. Además, se considera necesario contar con varios tipos de ambientes diseñados de tal manera para que cuando se administra en un orden aleatorio impide supuesto memorización. Además, el curso debe demostrar resultados reproducibles en múltiples configuraciones, tienen una fuerte fiabilidad inter e intra calificadores y ser una medida objetiva de la conciencia espacial. La culminación de este esfuerzo fue el desarrollo de una carrera de obstáculos que razonablemente podría esperarse que se reproduce en una norma institucionalpasillo. El curso está diseñado para probar diferentes juegos de habilidad, todos importantes para la navegación. Cada nivel del curso intenta enfocar varios tipos de obstáculos en las actividades de navegación de todos los días. El primer curso se evalúa la capacidad de navegar a través de objetivos relativamente alto contraste que están todos colocados en el suelo, pero requiere un gran número de vueltas. El segundo curso se evalúa la capacidad de navegar a través de los obstáculos que se encuentran de contraste alto y bajo, cambios de la textura del suelo y los objetos suspendidos en el aire. El final de la asignatura se evalúa la capacidad de navegar obstáculos poliestireno que son de bajo contraste, la superficie deslumbramiento cambios en el suelo, la adición de obstáculos nonStyrofoam (tela), los cambios de color del azulejo piso, los obstáculos que deben avanzó y, obstáculos que no están en la suelo. Los cursos están etiquetados 1, 2, y 3 para la facilidad de etiquetado, pero esta designación no se deben interpretar como el aumento en el nivel de dificultad. Dentro de cada nivel, hay thrversiones ee del curso, que pueden ser aleatorios para evitar supuesto memorización.

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a standardized obstacle course for assessment of visual function in ultra low vision and artificial vision

Se describe un curso de cubierta, portátil, estandarizada que se puede utilizar para evaluar evitación de obstáculos en personas que tienen una visión ultrabajo. Seis controles visuales y 36 completamente ciego pero por lo demás sano varón adulto (n = 29) y (13 n =) sujetos femeninos (rango de edad 19-85 años), se inscribieron en uno de los tres estudios que incluyen pruebas del dispositivo de sustitución sensorial BrainPort. Se les pidió que navegar por el curso antes de, y después, la formación BrainPort. Ellos completaron un total de 837 carreras del curso en dos lugares diferentes. Las medias y las desviaciones estándar se calcularon a través de tipos de control, los cursos, las luces y las visitas. Se utilizó un modelo de efectos mixtos lineal para comparar las diferentes categorías en las PPWS (porcentaje de velocidad preferido caminar) y los datos de porcentaje de error para mostrar que las iteraciones del curso fueron diseñados adecuadamente. El curso es relativamente barato, fácil de administrar, y se ha demostrado ser una forma viable de probar la función de movilidad. Análisis de los datos demonstratES que para el resultado de por ciento de error, así como para el porcentaje preferido velocidad de la marcha, que cada uno de los tres cursos es diferente, y que dentro de cada nivel, cada uno de los tres iteraciones son iguales. Esto permite que para la aleatorización de los cursos durante la administración. Abreviaturas: la velocidad de marcha preferida (PWS) Velocidad curso (CS) porcentaje preferido velocidad al caminar (PPWS)

Sujetos Seis ojos vendados con visión, visión de futuro, y 36 completamente ciego, pero por lo demás sanos adultos (rango de edad 19-85 años), hombres (n = 29) y mujeres (n = 13) de los sujetos se inscribieron en uno de los tres estudios que incluyeron pruebas de lo sensorial BrainPort dispositivo de sustitución (Wicab, Madison WI). Todos los estudios fueron aprobados por la Universidad de Pittsburgh IRB y todos los sujetos firmaron un documento de consentimiento informado aprobado. Todos ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision at JoVE.com

A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision

Se describe un curso de cubierta, portátil, estandarizada que se puede utilizar para evaluar evitación de obstáculos en personas que tienen una visión ultrabajo. El curso es relativamente barato, fácil de administrar, y se ha demostrado ser fiable y reproducible.

Una carrera de obstáculos normalizado para la evaluación de la función visual en Ultra Baja Visión y Visión Artificial

We describe an indoor, portable, standardized course that can be used to evaluate obstacle avoidance in persons who have ultralow vision. Six sighted ...

a-standardized-obstacle-course-for-assessment-visual-function-ultra

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

13.0K vistas.  University of Pittsburgh.  Se describe un curso de cubierta, portátil, estandarizada que se puede utilizar para evaluar evitación de obstáculos en personas que tienen una visión ultrabajo. El curso es relativamente barato, fácil de administrar, y se ha demostrado ser fiable y reproducible. 

Video: A Standardized Obstacle Course for Assessment of Visual Function in Ultra Low Vision and Artificial Vision

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current estimates put the prevalence of amblyopia at approximately 1-3%1-3, the majority of cases being monocular2. Amblyopia is most frequently caused by ocular misalignment (strabismus), blur induced by unequal refractive error (anisometropia), and in some cases by form deprivation.
Although amblyopia is initially caused by abnormal visual input in infancy, once established, the visual deficit often remains when normal visual input has been restored using surgery and/or refractive correction. This is because amblyopia is the result of abnormal visual cortex development rather than a problem with the amblyopic eye itself4,5 . Amblyopia is characterized by both monocular and binocular deficits6,7 which include impaired visual acuity and poor or absent stereopsis respectively. The visual dysfunction in amblyopia is often associated with a strong suppression of the inputs from the amblyopic eye under binocular viewing conditions8. Recent work has indicated that suppression may play a central role in both the monocular and binocular deficits associated with amblyopia9,10 .
Current clinical tests for suppression tend to verify the presence or absence of suppression rather than giving a quantitative measurement of the degree of suppression. Here we describe a technique for measuring amblyopic suppression with a compact, portable device11,12 . The device consists of a laptop computer connected to a pair of virtual reality goggles. The novelty of the technique lies in the way we present visual stimuli to measure suppression. Stimuli are shown to the amblyopic eye at high contrast while the contrast of the stimuli shown to the non-amblyopic eye are varied. Patients perform a simple signal/noise task that allows for a precise measurement of the strength of excitatory binocular interactions. The contrast offset at which neither eye has a performance advantage is a measure of the "balance point" and is a direct measure of suppression. This technique has been validated psychophysically both in control13,14 and patient6,9,11 populations.
In addition to measuring suppression this technique also forms the basis of a novel form of treatment to decrease suppression over time and improve binocular and often monocular function in adult patients with amblyopia12,15,16 . This new treatment approach can be deployed either on the goggle system described above or on a specially modified iPod touch device15.

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex that is often accompanied by strong suppression of one eye. We present a new technique for measuring and treating interocular suppression in patients with amblyopia that can be deployed using virtual reality goggles or a portable iPod Touch device.

La medición y tratamiento de la represión en la ambliopía

Amblyopia, a developmental disorder of the visual cortex, is one of the leading causes of visual dysfunction in the working age population. Current ...

Investigación

Medicina

Detecting Abnormalities in Choroidal Vasculature in a Mouse Model of Age-related Macular Degeneration by Time-course Indocyanine Green Angiography

Indocyanine Green&#160;Angiography (or ICGA) is a technique performed by ophthalmologists to diagnose abnormalities of the choroidal and retinal vasculature of various eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ICGA is especially useful to image the posterior choroidal vasculature of the eye due to its capability of penetrating through the pigmented layer with its infrared spectrum. ICGA time course can be divided into early, middle, and late phases. The three phases provide valuable information on the pathology of eye problems. Although time-course ICGA by intravenous (IV) injection is widely used in the clinic for the diagnosis and management of choroid problems, ICGA by intraperitoneal injection (IP) is commonly used in animal research. Here we demonstrated the technique to obtain high-resolution ICGA time-course images in mice by tail-vein injection and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. We used this technique to image the choroidal lesions in a mouse model of age-related macular degeneration. Although it is much easier to introduce ICG to the mouse vasculature by IP, our data indicate that it is difficult to obtain reproducible ICGA time course images by IP-ICGA. In contrast, ICGA via tail vein injection provides high quality ICGA time-course images comparable to human studies. In addition, we showed that ICGA performed on albino mice gives clearer pictures of choroidal vessels than that performed on pigmented mice. We suggest that time-course IV-ICGA should become a standard practice in AMD research based on animal models.

Indocyanine Green Angiography (or ICGA) performed by tail vein injection provides high quality ICGA time course images to characterize abnormalities in mouse choroid.

La detección de anormalidades en la vasculatura coroidea en un modelo de ratón de la relacionada con la edad degeneración macular por Time-curso de indocianina verde Angiografía

Indocyanine Green&#160;Angiography (or ICGA) is a technique performed by ophthalmologists to diagnose abnormalities of the choroidal and retinal ...

Slow-release Drug Delivery through Elvax 40W to the Rat Retina: Implications for the Treatment of Chronic Conditions

Diseases of the retina are difficult to treat as the retina lies deep within the eye. Invasive methods of drug delivery are often needed to treat these diseases. Chronic retinal diseases such as retinal oedema or neovascularization usually require multiple intraocular injections to effectively treat the condition. However, the risks associated with these injections increase with repeated delivery of the drug. Therefore, alternative delivery methods need to be established in order to minimize the risks of reinjection. Several other investigations have developed methods to deliver drugs over extended time, through materials capable of releasing chemicals slowly into the eye. In this investigation, we outline the use of Elvax 40W, a copolymer resin, to act as a vehicle for drug delivery to the adult rat retina. The resin is made and loaded with the drug. The drug-resin complex is then implanted into the vitreous cavity, where it will slowly release the drug over time. This method was tested using 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (APB), a glutamate analogue that blocks the light response of the retina. It was demonstrated that the APB was slowly released from the resin, and was able to block the retinal response by 7 days after implantation. This indicates that slow-release drug delivery using this copolymer resin is effective for treating the retina, and could be used therapeutically with further testing.

This paper details how Elvax 40W can be used as a slow-release method for drug delivery to the adult rat retina. The protocol for preparing, loading, and delivering the drug-resin complex to the eye is described.

De liberación lenta Drug Delivery través Elvax 40W a la Rata Retina: Implicaciones para el tratamiento de condiciones crónicas

Diseases of the retina are difficult to treat as the retina lies deep within the eye. Invasive methods of drug delivery are often needed to treat these ...

Using Adeno-associated Virus as a Tool to Study Retinal Barriers in Disease

M&#252;ller cells are the principal glial cells of the retina. Their end-feet form the limits of the retina at the outer and inner limiting membranes (ILM), and in conjunction with astrocytes, pericytes and endothelial cells they establish the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). BRB limits material transport between the bloodstream and the retina while the ILM acts as a basement membrane that defines histologically the border between the retina and the vitreous cavity. Labeling M&#252;ller cells is particularly relevant to study the physical state of the retinal barriers, as these cells are an integral part of the BRB and ILM. Both BRB and ILM are frequently altered in retinal disease and are responsible for disease symptoms.
There are several well-established methods to study the integrity of the BRB, such as the Evans blue assay or fluorescein angiography. However these methods do not provide information on the extent of BRB permeability to larger molecules, in nanometer range. Furthermore, they do not provide information on the state of other retinal barriers such as the ILM. To study BRB permeability alongside retinal ILM, we used an AAV based method that provides information on permeability of BRB to larger molecules while indicating the state of the ILM and extracellular matrix proteins in disease states. Two AAV variants are useful for such study: AAV5 and ShH10. AAV5&#160;has a natural tropism for photoreceptors but it cannot get across to the outer retina when administered into the vitreous when the ILM is intact (i.e., in wild-type retinas). ShH10 has a strong tropism towards glial cells and will selectively label M&#252;ller glia in both healthy and diseased retinas. ShH10 provides more efficient gene delivery in retinas where ILM is compromised. These viral tools coupled with immunohistochemistry and blood-DNA analysis shed light onto the state of retinal barriers in disease.

To investigate the blood-retinal barrier permeability and the inner limiting membrane integrity in animal models of retinal disease, we used several adeno-associated virus (AAV) variants as tools to label retinal neurons and glia. Virus mediated reporter gene expression is then used as an indicator of retinal barrier permeability.

Utilizando adeno-asociado virus como una herramienta para estudiar las barreras de retina en la enfermedad

M&#252;ller cells are the principal glial cells of the retina. Their end-feet form the limits of the retina at the outer and inner limiting membranes ...

Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis

Keratoconus is a bilateral and progressive corneal ectasia. In order to slow down its progression, corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) has recently been introduced as an efficient treatment option. In biological and chemical sciences, crosslinking refers to new chemical bonds formed between reactive molecules. Hence, the aim of corneal collagen CXL is to synthetically increase the formation of crosslinks between collagen fibrils in the corneal stroma. Despite the fact that the efficiency of the conventional CXL (C-CXL) protocol has already been shown in several clinical studies, it might benefit from improvements in duration of the procedure and removal of corneal epithelium. Hence, in order to provide a coherent evaluation of two new and optimized CXL protocols, we studied keratoconus patients who had undergone one of the three CXL treatments: iontophoresis (I-CXL), accelerated CXL (A-CXL), and conventional CXL (C-CXL). A-CXL is a 6 time faster CXL procedure using a ten time higher UVA irradiance but still including an epithelium removal. Iontophoresis is a transepithelial non-invasive technique in which a small electric current is applied to improve riboflavin penetration throughout the cornea. Using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS OCT) and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM), we conclude that regarding the depth of treatment penetration, conventional CXL protocol remains the standard for treating progressive keratoconus. Accelerated CXL seems to be a quick, effective and safe alternative to treat thin corneas. The use of iontophoresis is still being investigated and should be considered with greater caution.

Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is the only conservative treatment currently available to halt keratoconus progression by improving the biomechanical rigidity of the corneal stroma. The aim of this manuscript is to highlight the methods of three different protocols of CXL: conventional CXL (C-CXL), accelerated CXL (A-CXL), and iontophoresis CXL (I-CXL).

Tres diferentes Protocolos de colágeno corneal entrecruzamiento en queratocono: convencional, acelerado y iontoforesis

Keratoconus is a bilateral and progressive corneal ectasia. In order to slow down its progression, corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) has recently been ...

Regenerative Therapy by Suprachoroidal Cell Autograft in Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration: Preliminary In Vivo Report

This study is aimed at examining whether a suprachoroidal graft of autologous cells can improve best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and responses to microperimetry (MY) in eyes affected by dry Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) over time through the production and secretion of growth factors (GFs) on surrounding tissue. Patients were randomly assigned to each study group. All patients were diagnosed with dry AMD and with BCVA equal to or greater than 1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). A suprachoroidal autologous graft by Limoli Retinal Restoration Technique (LRRT) was carried out on group A, which included 11 eyes from 11 patients. The technique was performed by implanting adipocytes, adipose-derived stem cells obtained from the stromal vascular fraction, and platelets from platelet-rich plasma in the suprachoroidal space. Conversely, group B, including 14 eyes of 14 patients, was used as a control group. For each patient, diagnosis was verified by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). In group A, BCVA improved by 0.581 to 0.504 at 90 days and to 0.376 logMAR at 180 days (+32.20%) postoperatively. Furthermore, MY test increased by 11.44 dB to 12.59 dB at 180 days. The different cell types grafted behind the choroid were able to ensure constant GF secretion in the choroidal flow. Consequently, the results indicate that visual acuity (VA) in the grafted group can increase more than in the control group after six months.

Regenerative Therapy by Suprachoroidal Cell Autograft in Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration: Preliminary In Vivo Report

The goal of this study is to assess whether the suprachoroidal graft of adipose-derived stem cells included in the stromal vascular fraction and platelets derived from platelet-rich plasma by the Limoli Retinal Restoration Technique can improve visual acuity and retinal sensitivity responses in eyes affected by dry age-related macular degeneration.

Terapia regenerativa por autoinjerto Suprachoroidal célula en Degeneración Macular seca relacionada con la edad: informe preliminar en Vivo

This study is aimed at examining whether a suprachoroidal graft of autologous cells can improve best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and responses to ...

Puncture-Induced Iris Neovascularization as a Mouse Model of Rubeosis Iridis

We describe a model of puncture-induced iris neovascularization as a general model for noninvasive evaluation of angiogenesis. The model is also relevant for targeting neovascular glaucoma, a sight-threatening complication of diabetic retinopathy. This method is based on the induction of iris vascular response by a series of self-sealing uveal punctures on BALB/c mice and takes advantage of the postpartum maturation of mouse ocular vasculature. Mouse pups undergo uveal punctures from postnatal day 12.5, when the pups naturally open their eyes, until postnatal day 24.5. Due to the transparency of the cornea, iris vasculature can be analyzed easily through time by noninvasive in vivo methods. Furthermore, the semitransparent iris of BALB/c mice can be flatmounted for detailed immunohistologic analysis with minimal non-specific background staining. In this model, angiogenesis is mainly driven by the inflammatory and plasminogen activating systems. The puncture-induced model is the first to induce iris neovascularization in small rodents, and has the advantage of allowing direct noninvasive in vivo analysis of the angiogenic process. Moreover, the model can be combined with angiogenic modulating substances, which highlights its potential in the study of angiogenesis with an in vivo perspective.

Iris neovascularization, a common complication of ischemic retinal disease, may lead to sight-threatening neovascular glaucoma. Here, we describe a murine protocol for inducing experimental iris neovascularization that may be used for noninvasive evaluation of angiogenesis-modulating substances.

Neovascularization del diafragma como un modelo de ratón de iridis del rubeosis inducida por la punción

We describe a model of puncture-induced iris neovascularization as a general model for noninvasive evaluation of angiogenesis. The model is also relevant ...

A Model of Glaucoma Induced by Circumlimbal Suture in Rats and Mice

The circumlimbal suture is a technique for inducing experimental glaucoma in rodents by chronically elevating intraocular pressure (IOP), a well-known risk factor for glaucoma. This protocol demonstrates a step-by-step guide on this technique in Long Evans rats and C57BL/6 mice. Under general anesthesia, a "purse-string" suture is applied on the conjunctiva, around the equator and behind the limbus of the eye. The fellow eye serves as an untreated control. Over the duration of our study, which was a period of 8 weeks for rats and 12 weeks for mice, IOP remained elevated, as measured regularly by rebound tonometry in conscious animals without topical anesthesia. In both species, the sutured eyes showed electroretinogram features consistent with preferential inner retinal dysfunction. Optical coherence tomography showed selective thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Histology of the rat retina in cross-section found reduced cell density in the ganglion cell layer, but no change in other cellular layers. Staining of flat-mounted mouse retinae with a ganglion cell specific marker (RBPMS) confirmed ganglion cell loss. The circumlimbal suture is a simple, minimally invasive and cost-effective way to induce ocular hypertension that leads to ganglion cell injury in both rats and mice.

Chronic ocular hypertension is induced by applying a circumlimbal suture in rats and mice, leading to functional and structural deterioration of the retinal ganglion cells consistent with glaucoma.

Un modelo de Glaucoma inducido por sutura de Circumlimbal en ratas y ratones

The circumlimbal suture is a technique for inducing experimental glaucoma in rodents by chronically elevating intraocular pressure (IOP), a well-known ...

Non-invasive Assessment of Dorsiflexor Muscle Function in Mice

Assessment of skeletal muscle contractile function is an important measurement for both clinical and research purposes. Numerous conditions can negatively affect skeletal muscle. This can result in a loss of muscle mass (atrophy) and/or loss of muscle quality (reduced force per unit of muscle mass), both of which are prevalent in chronic disease, muscle-specific disease, immobilization, and aging (sarcopenia). Skeletal muscle function in animals can be evaluated by a range of different tests. All tests have limitations related to the physiological testing environment, and the selection of a specific test often depends on the nature of the experiments. Here, we describe an in vivo, non-invasive technique involving a helpful and easy assessment of force frequency-curve (FFC) in mice that can be performed on the same animal over time. This permits monitoring of disease progression and/or efficacy&#160;of a potential therapeutic treatment.

Measurement of rodent skeletal muscle contractile function is a useful tool that can be used to track disease progression as well as efficacy of therapeutic intervention. We describe here the non-invasive, in vivo assessment of the dorsiflexor muscles that can be repeated over time in the same mouse.

Evaluación no invasiva de la función muscular de los dorsiflexores en ratones

Assessment of skeletal muscle contractile function is an important measurement for both clinical and research purposes. Numerous conditions can negatively ...

Effect of Artificial Tear Formulations on the Metabolic Activity of Human Corneal Epithelial Cells after Exposure to Desiccation

Artificial lipid-containing tear formulations are developed to reduce tear evaporation by the restoration of a deficient tear lipid layer. Artificial tear formulations that prevent cell desiccation will result in ocular surface protection and the maintenance of cell metabolic activity. During dehydration, cells undergo the process of loss of metabolic activity and subsequently cell death. This work describes a method for assessing the efficacy of artificial tear formulations. The metabolic dye (i.e., alamarBlue) changes from a low fluorescent molecule resazurin to a fluorescent molecule resorufin in viable cells. The biological performance of an artificial tear formulation is measured as the ability of the formulation to (a) maintain cell viability and (b) provide cell protection from desiccation. Growth media and saline are used as controls for the cell viability/desiccation tests. Cells are incubated with test solutions for 30 min and then desiccated for 0 or 5 min at 37 &#176;C and 45% relative humidity. Cell metabolic activity after initial exposure and after cell desiccation is then determined. The results show the comparative effects of eye drop formulations on cell metabolic activity and desiccation protection. This method can be used to test dry eye formulations that are designed to treat individuals with evaporative dry eye.

The purpose of this protocol is to evaluate if different artificial tear formulations can protect human corneal epithelial cells from desiccation using an in vitro model. After exposure to artificial tear formulations and desiccation, human corneal epithelial cells are assessed for metabolic activity.

Efecto De Las Formulaciones Artificiales De Lágrima En La Actividad Metabólica De Las Células Epiteliales Corneales Humanas Después De La Exposición A La Desecación

Artificial lipid-containing tear formulations are developed to reduce tear evaporation by the restoration of a deficient tear lipid layer. Artificial tear ...