Name: the supraclavicular fossa ultrasound view for central venous catheter placement and catheter change over guidewire
Uploaded: 2014-12-23T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire at JoVE.com

NOTE: The following protocol follows our internal guidelines and standard operation procedures approved by the chair of our department. The same protocol was approved by our institutional review board and was used for studies published in a previous paper8.
1. Pre-ultrasound Scan Preparation
<ol>
	<li>Place the patient in a supine position with an optional elevated head of bed or stretcher for comfort if the patient is awake.</li>
	<li>Position the ultrasound machine in a line wit...

<ol>
	<li>Troianos, C. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Special+articles:+guidelines+for+performing+ultrasound+guided+vascular+cannulation:+recommendations+of+the+American+Society+of+Echocardiography+and+the+Society+Of+Cardiovascular+Anesthesiologists.">Special articles: guidelines for performing ultrasound guided vascular cannulation: recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography and the Society Of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists.</a> Anesth Analg. 114 (1), 46-72 (2012).</li><li>Cavanna, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasound-guided+central+venous+catheterization+in+cancer+patients+improves+the+success+rate+of+cannulation+and+reduces+mechanical+complications:+a+prospective+observational+study+of+1,978+consecutive+catheterizations.">Ultrasound-guided central venous catheterization in cancer patients improves the success rate of cannulation and reduces mechanical complications: a prospective observational study of 1,978 consecutive catheterizations.</a> World J Surg Oncol. 8 (91), (2010).</li><li>Wirsing, M., Schummer, C., Neumann, R., Steenbeck, J., Schmidt, P., Schummer, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Is+traditional+reading+of+the+bedside+chest+radiograph+appropriate+to+detect+intraatrial+central+venous+catheter+position.">Is traditional reading of the bedside chest radiograph appropriate to detect intraatrial central venous catheter position.</a> Chest. 134 (3), 527-533 (2008).</li><li>Ender, J., Erdoes, G., Krohmer, E., Olthoff, D., Mukherjee, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transesophageal+echocardiography+for+verification+of+the+position+of+the+electrocardiographically-placed+central+venous+catheter.">Transesophageal echocardiography for verification of the position of the electrocardiographically-placed central venous catheter.</a> J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 23 (4), 457-461 (2009).</li><li>Pittiruti, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+intracavitary+ECG+method+for+positioning+the+tip+of+central+venous+catheters:+results+of+an+Italian+multicenter+study.">The intracavitary ECG method for positioning the tip of central venous catheters: results of an Italian multicenter study.</a> J Vasc Access. 13 (3), 357-365 (2012).</li><li>Matsushima, K., Frankel, H. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bedside+ultrasound+can+safely+eliminate+the+need+for+chest+radiographs+after+central+venous+catheter+placement:+CVC+sono+in+the+surgical+ICU+(SICU).">Bedside ultrasound can safely eliminate the need for chest radiographs after central venous catheter placement: CVC sono in the surgical ICU (SICU).</a> J Surg Res. 163 (1), 155-161 (2010).</li><li>Matsushima, K., Frankel, H. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+of+central+venous+catheter+insertion-related+complication+using+bedside+ultrasound:+the+CVC+sono.">Detection of central venous catheter insertion-related complication using bedside ultrasound: the CVC sono.</a> J Trauma. 70 (6), 1561-1563 (2011).</li><li>Kim, S. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasound+confirmation+of+central+venous+catheter+position+via+a+right+supraclavicular+fossa+view+using+a+microconvex+probe:+A+observational+pilot+study.">Ultrasound confirmation of central venous catheter position via a right supraclavicular fossa view using a microconvex probe: A observational pilot study.</a> Eur J Anaesthesiol. , (2013).</li><li>Lanspa, M. J., Fair, J., Hirshberg, E. L., Grissom, C. K., Brown, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasound-guided+Subclavian+Vein+Cannulation+Using+a+Micro-Convex+Ultrasound+Probe.">Ultrasound-guided Subclavian Vein Cannulation Using a Micro-Convex Ultrasound Probe.</a> Ann Am Thorac Soc. 11 (4), 583-586 (2014).</li><li>Weber, S. U., Kim, S. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+right+supraclavicular+ultrasound+view+for+real-time+ultrasound-guided+definite+placement+of+a+central+venous+catheter+with+a+microconvex+transducer.">The right supraclavicular ultrasound view for real-time ultrasound-guided definite placement of a central venous catheter with a microconvex transducer.</a> Eur J Anaesthesiol. 31 (3), 173-174 (2014).</li><li>Lichtenstein, D. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasound+diagnosis+of+occult+pneumothorax.">Ultrasound diagnosis of occult pneumothorax.</a> Crit Care Med. 33 (6), 1231-1238 (2005).</li><li>Garnacho-Montero, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Risk+factors+and+prognosis+of+catheter-related+bloodstream+infection+in+critically+ill+patients:+a+multicenter+study.">Risk factors and prognosis of catheter-related bloodstream infection in critically ill patients: a multicenter study.</a> Intensive Care Med. 34 (12), 2185-2193 (2008).</li><li>Schummer, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intra-atrial+ECG+is+not+a+reliable+method+for+positioning+left+internal+jugular+vein+catheters.">Intra-atrial ECG is not a reliable method for positioning left internal jugular vein catheters.</a> Br J Anaesth. 91 (4), 481-486 (2003).</li></ol>

This procedure allows for visualization of ultrasound guided venipuncture and central venous catheter tip position in real time via the right supraclaviculare fossa view. In combination with a lung ultrasound scan, this approach could replace chest radiograph for confirmation of catheter tip position and exclusion of a pneumothorax.
It is critical for ultrasound trained operators to become familiar with the ultrasound anatomy provided by the supraclavicular fossa view and correctly identify th...

Central venous catheter (CVC) tip position has to be confirmed since misplaced catheters can lead to trauma and erosion of endothelium and vessel walls with subsequent potentially fatal pericardial tamponade1. Furthermore, CVC in the upper superior vena cava (SVC) can provoke thrombotic events, especially in cancer patients. The same is true for misplaced CVC in opposite brachiocephalic vein or internal jugular vein (IJV)2.
Several methods have been established to confirm CVC tip position in the lower SVC. Chest radiograph has been performed traditionally as a bedside method to visualize the CVC tip and exclude pneumothorax. However, additionally to exposure to radiation and costs, the accuracy of chest radiograph for tip position and sensitivity for pneumothorax have been questioned, specifically for the patient in a supine position3. Computer tomography is highly accurate and sensitive for both CVC tip position and pneumothorax, respectively. However, the costs and exposure to radiation do not justify this method for the sole indication of CVC tip confirmation. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is highly accurate for tip position, but indication for TEE is limited to patients with cardiac pathology4. Intra-cardiac electrocardiography (ECG) is an accurate method but depends on a p-wave cardiac rhythm5.
Parasternal and subcostal ultrasound view were suggested to verify the CVC tip position, but success depends on deep insertion of the guidewire into the right atrium. A negative result does not exclude misplaced catheters6,7. The right supraclavicular fossa ultrasound view has been solely described for diagnostic purposes in cardiac failure. In a pilot study, we have demonstrated that this view can also be safely used for venipuncture of the right IJV and accurate positioning of the CVC guidewire with subsequent CVC placement in real-time8. The right supraclavicular fossa ultrasound view can be established with a microconvex probe which has the advantage of a small footprint, deep pentetration and, yet a sufficient resolution for venipuncture when compared to a linear probe8-10.
The proposed procedure has the advantage of visualizing venipuncture and guidewire advancement with a single ultrasound probe within the sterile field in real-time. CVCs insertion length does not have to be corrected afterwards and extra manipulations and potential sources of contamination are prevented. In conjunction with lung ultrasound for exclusion of a pneumothorax, the proposed procedure has the potential to replace chest radiograph for CVC tip position confirmation and exclusion of pneumothorax, reducing costs and exposure to radiation and increasing patient comfort in any hospital setting where an ultrasound machine equipped with a microconvex ultrasound probe is available.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1058">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:631px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">skin desinfection</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Ecolab</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">2686556</td>
			<td>Skinsept G</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">8C-RS microconvex probe</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8C-RS</td>
			<td>Any ultrasound machine equipped with a microconvex ultrasound probe should be suitable for this method</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Logiq e ultrasound machine</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Logiq e</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">CVC Kit</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Teleflex Medical</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">OW-15802-E</td>
			<td>8 Fr. 2 Lumen Blue-Flex tip catheter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sterile gloves</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Protexix</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2D72NT70X</td>
			<td>LatexMicro</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sterile gown</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Medline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">OP9512CE</td>
			<td>OPS Advanced</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">sterile ultrasound probe cover</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">CIVCO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">610-637</td>
			<td>CIV-Fle Transducer Cover; sterile 8.9 x 91.5 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">suture</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">EH7723</td>
			<td>Ethibond</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">12L-RS linear ultrasound probe</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>any linear ultrasound probe is suitable for lung ultrasound</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the supraclavicular fossa ultrasound view for central venous catheter placement and catheter change over guidewire

The supraclavicular fossa ultrasound view can be useful for central venous catheter (CVC) placement. Venipuncture of the internal jugular veins (IJV) or subclavian veins is performed with a micro-convex ultrasound probe, using a neonatal abdominal preset with a probe frequency of 10 Mhz at a depth of 10-12 cm. Following insertion of the guidewire into the vein, the probe is shifted to the right supraclavicular fossa to obtain a view of the superior vena cava (SVC), right pulmonary artery and ascending aorta. Under real-time ultrasound view, the guidewire and its J-tip is visualized and pushed forward to the lower SVC. Insertion depth is read from guidewire marks using central venous catheter. CVC is then inserted following skin and venous dilation. The supraclavicular fossa view is most suitable for right IJV CVC insertion. If other insertion sites are chosen the right supraclavicular fossa should be within the sterile field. Scanning of the IJVs, brachiocephalic veins and SVC can reveal significant thrombosis before venipuncture. Misplaced CVCs can be corrected with a change over guidewire technique under real-time ultrasound guidance. In conjunction with a diagnostic lung ultrasound scan, this technique has a potential to replace chest radiograph for confirmation of CVC tip position and exclusion of pneumothorax. Moreover, this view is of advantage in patients with a non-p-wave cardiac rhythm were an intra-cardiac electrocardiography (ECG) is not feasible for CVC tip position confirmation. Limitations of the method are lack of availability of a micro-convex probe and the need for training.

In a previously published study, chest radiographs were obtained in all patients following ultrasound guided CVC placement8. The CVC tip position in relation to the carina on chest radiographs was analysed by a radiologist who confirmed a correct position of the CVC in the lower SVC in all investigated patients. In 90% of all cases CVC tip was within 35 mm distance of the carina. In 17% the CVC tip was above, in 19% at the level of and in 64% below the carina. In 4% the CVC tip was more than 55 mm below the ca...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire at JoVE.com

The Supraclavicular Fossa Ultrasound View for Central Venous Catheter Placement and Catheter Change Over Guidewire

The overall goal is to enable clinicians to insert a central venous catheter under real-time ultrasound guidance via the right supraclavicular fossa view of the lower part of the superior vena cava. This view is useful for different catheter insertion sites, thrombosis detection before insertion and ultrasound guided correction of misplaced catheters.

The supraclavicular fossa ultrasound view can be useful for central venous catheter (CVC) placement. Venipuncture of the internal jugular veins (IJV) or ...

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