The authors acknowledge National Science Foundation grant CHE- 1214068 for supporting this research project.

1. Preparación de GMS <ol><li> Utilice todos los productos químicos en el siguiente proceso en que se recibieron. </li><li> Preparar 75 ml de 2 M de ácido clorhídrico solución (HCl). Pesar 2,0 g de poli (etilenglicol) -bloque-poli (propilenglicol) -bloque-poli (etilenglicol) (P123, MW = 5800) y transferir en el preparado 75 ml de solución de HCl 2 M. A RT, aplicar agitación magnética a la solución a una velocidad de 350 r / min hasta que P123 se disuelva completamente. La solución será clara. </li><li> Pesar 4 g de tetraetoxisilano (TEOS, MW = 208,33) en un pequeño vial y la transferencia de 180 l de bis [3- (trietoxisilil) propil] tetrasulfuro (TESPTS, MW = 538,94) en el vial. Lentamente agitar el frasco para mezclar los dos productos químicos. En otro vial, pesan 38 mg de ácido cloroáurico (HAuCl4, 99,90%) y se disuelven en 1 ml de agua DI. </li><li> Aumentar la temperatura de la solución P123 a 35 ° C en un baño de aceite con la temperatura controlada por termopar. </li><li> Añadir toda la mezcla de TEOS yTESPTS preparados en el paso 1.3 de la solución P123, y mantener la solución en agitación magnética vigorosa de 700 r / min. Mantener la solución de agitar durante 2 min, a continuación, añadir todo de HAuCl4 solución preparada en el paso 1.3 gota a gota dentro de 30 seg. </li><li> Mantener la solución se agitaba a 700 r / min durante 24 horas a 35 ° C. </li><li> Después de 24 horas, transferir la solución en una botella sellada y guárdelos en un horno a 100 ° C durante 72 horas. Esto se llama procesamiento hidrotérmico. </li><li> Después del procesamiento hidrotérmico, filtrar la solución con un papel # 1 filtración y presión negativa en virtud de un embudo, luego lavar con agua dos veces y etanol tres veces para eliminar el HCl restante. Durante cada proceso de lavado, agregue agua o etanol 1 cm por encima de sólidos y esperar a que el material se seque. </li><li> Transferencia de precipitación a partir de la filtración a un crisol de cerámica y calcinado a 550 ° C durante 4 h. Establecer el programa de rampa de la siguiente manera: 25 ° C a 550 ° C durante 2 horas, mantener a 550 ° C durante 4h, y luego permitir que la muestra permanezca en el horno con la puerta cerrada hasta que la temperatura cae por debajo de 40 ° C. </li><li> Después de la calcinación, transferir el producto a un vial de vidrio con una espátula de plástico. El material sintetizado tiene un color rojo. </li></ol> 2. La reacción catalítica, oxidación del alcohol bencílico <ol><li> Dado que la oxidación de alcohol bencílico es una reacción en fase líquida sin un disolvente separado, medida 5 ml de alcohol bencílico (99,8%) y la transfiere en un matraz de tres bocas ml 25, a continuación, pesar 10 mg de catalizador de GMS y añadir a bencílico alcohol. </li><li> Establecer un baño de aceite a temperatura controlada con agitación magnética para asegurar un control preciso y uniforme de la temperatura de reacción. </li><li> Ponga el frasco con alcohol de bencilo y catalizador en el baño de aceite, a continuación, establecer la temperatura a 100 ° C y se agita a 150 r / min. </li><li> Flujo de gas oxígeno con 99.9% de pureza en el matraz a 2 ml / min controlados por un controlador de flujo másico. </li><li> Cuando eltemperatura del baño de aceite alcanza 100 ° C y se estabiliza, introducir gas oxígeno en el matraz de tres bocas. </li><li> Mantenga el caudal de oxígeno y temperatura constante, y permitir que la reacción tenga lugar durante 6 horas. </li><li> Después de la reacción, se filtra el producto con un papel de filtración # 1. Recoger la fase líquida y la transferencia de una parte alícuota a una cromatografía de gases (GC) vial. En el vial de GC, mezclar ácido acético cuatro partes grado HPLC para cada una parte de muestra (por ejemplo, utilizar 36 l de muestra y 144 l de ácido acético.) Ponga el vial en un muestreador automático cromatógrafo de gases para su análisis. Lavar el precipitado sólido en el papel de filtro con agua DI y etanol luego dejar secar en el aire. Recoger el sólido se secó con una espátula como catalizador reciclado. </li><li> Repita el mismo procedimiento experimento de la etapa 2.3 a la 2.7 con el catalizador reciclado en tres ocasiones. En cada repetición, ajustar la cantidad de alcohol bencílico para que coincida con la relación descrita en el paso 2.2. </li></ol> 3. Thermal tratamiento de la GMS para Pruebas de Estabilidad térmica <ol><li> Pesar tres porciones separadas 300 mg de GMS sintetizados, y guardarlas en viales de vidrio. Estos están marcados como lote 1, lote 2 y lote 3. Mantenga lote 1 como grupo de control, y poner lote 2 y lote 3 en un horno para el procesamiento térmico. </li><li> Programa el horno de la siguiente manera para su procesamiento a 400 ° C: rampa de 25 ° C a 400 ° C en 0,5 horas, mantener a 400 ° C durante 4 horas, dejar que la muestra permanezca en el horno con la puerta cerrada hasta que las caídas de temperatura por debajo de 40 ° C. Ponga lote 2 en un crisol e iniciar el programa. </li><li> Programa el horno de la siguiente manera para su procesamiento a 650 ° C: rampa de 25 ° C a 650 ° C en 0,75 horas, mantener a 650 ° C durante 4 horas, dejar que la muestra permanezca en el horno con la puerta cerrada hasta que la temperatura cae por debajo 40 ° C. Ponga lote 3 en un crisol e iniciar el programa. </li></ol> 4. CaracterizaciónMateriales de GMS 21,22 <ol><li> En el instrumento fisisorción, desgasifique GMS materiales con el siguiente programa: 90 ° C durante 60 min y después 350 ° C durante 480 min. Ejecutar análisis isoterma completa de los materiales desgasificado para obtener datos de fisisorción. </li><li> Dispersar muestra de GMS en una rejilla de malla holey 200 TEM de carbono y observar la muestra bajo un microscopio electrónico de transmisión. Restringir aumentos con 44,000X para proteger el material. </li><li> DRX Ejecutar con radiación Cu Ka (λ = 1,5418 Å). Set tensión del tubo de 45 kV y corriente del tubo de 40 mA. Recoge la intensidad en el rango 2θ entre 10 ° y 90 ° con un tamaño de paso de 0,008 ° y un tiempo de medición de 5 segundos en cada paso. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Dentro del protocolo de síntesis, la atención a la concentración de tensioactivo, el pH de la solución de reacción y la temperatura es crítica para la formación exitosa de GMS. Los pasos críticos son 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 y 1.6. Los parámetros mencionados anteriormente controlar el parámetro crítico de embalaje y la fase de micelas formadas a partir de tensioactivo. La fase y la morfología de la micela determina el estado final de la matriz de sílice, que sirve como marco para GMS. También es importante en el proc...

Como una tecnología emergente que tiene un gran potencial en aplicaciones de catálisis, materiales a nanoescala han recibido interés de investigación intensiva en las últimas décadas. Entre los catalizadores nanoescala reportados, catalizadores de metales nobles como Au, Ag, Pd y Pt han atraído la atención mundial 1.3. Seleccione reacciones catalíticas incluyen la oxidación de los investigadores de monóxido de carbono en Au, reacción de Heck en catalizadores de Pd, y la división de agua con Pt. A pesar de la potencial catalítico prometedor, oro nanoescala está limitada en su aplicabilidad debido a la desactivación de la intoxicación, coquización, la degradación térmica, y la sinterización. Se ha informado de que el oro, como representante de los metales nobles, tiene una alta selectividad y es menos propenso a la lixiviación del metal, la sobre-oxidación, y la auto-envenenamiento 4. Sin embargo, el rendimiento catalítico de oro depende en gran medida el tamaño de partícula. Haruta et al. Ha informado de la relación entre el rendimiento catalítico e irdiámetro clúster ld, lo que demuestra la mayor actividad de los catalizadores de oro con el tamaño de partícula ~ 2.7 nm 5. El tamaño de partícula de los metales nobles puede ser controlado por el método de preparación 6-9; Sin embargo, el mayor obstáculo hacia la amplia aplicación sigue siendo la agregación y la pérdida de actividad. Para resolver el problema de la sinterización, un método común es inmovilizar partículas a nanoescala en un material de soporte. Diversos materiales de apoyo se han aplicado incluyendo sílice porosa 10-11, óxidos metálicos semiconductores 12-13, polímeros 14, el grafeno y los nanotubos de carbono 15 16. Entre los materiales utilizados, sílice poroso es un material atractivo como un soporte, ya que es sólo ligeramente ácido, relativamente inerte, térmicamente y químicamente estables, y se puede preparar con meso / micro-porosidad muy bien definido. La estructura porosa proporciona un buen apoyo para las partículas de metal, sino también imparte Acceso tamaño del sustrato selectivolos catalizadores de metal. Esta selectividad es particularmente prometedor debido a la capacidad de ajuste asociado con estos materiales porosos. A menudo, las partículas de oro se encuentran para ser extremadamente móvil sobre superficies de sílice 17-18 y fácilmente formar muy grandes (50+ nm) partículas no reactivos cuando se expone a altas temperaturas, por lo que es difícil preparar nanopartículas de oro sobre sílice 19. Mukherjee et al. Inmovilización informado de nanopartículas de oro monodispersados ​​en mesoporoso MCM-41 de sílice en un 3-aminopropil-trimetoxisilano y 3-mercaptopropil-trietoxisilano, y las nanopartículas de oro soportadas resultaron ser altamente activo para reacciones de hidrogenación y se constató la existencia de lixiviación de oro en la reacción 20. Tras el informe de la modificación de la superficie de la sílice mesoporosa, reportamos un método para preparar el oro intercaladas en la pared de la sílice mesoporosa (GMS). Además, el enfoque apoyado sílice mesoporosa ofrece una ap escalableabordaje potencialmente altera de forma independiente el catalizador y el medio ambiente poroso. Dado que los procesos catalíticos son de vital importancia económica, los beneficios podrían ser de largo alcance. La capacidad de desarrollar catalizadores &quot;verdes&quot; tendría un profundo impacto positivo en el medio ambiente y mejorar la viabilidad y eficiencia de los recursos económicos de los procesos industriales importantes.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)</td>
			<td>Aldrich</td>
			<td>435465-250ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tetraethoxysilane</td>
			<td>TCI</td>
			<td>201-083-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]-tetrasulfide</td>
			<td>GELEST</td>
			<td>SIB1825.0-100GM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>chloroauric acid</td>
			<td>Aldrich</td>
			<td>520918-1G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>benzyl alcohol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>305197-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>nitrogen physisorption</td>
			<td>Micromeritics</td>
			<td>Tristar II</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>X-ray diffraction</td>
			<td>Philips</td>
			<td>X&#39;Pert Pro</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>transmission electron microscopy</td>
			<td>Philips</td>
			<td>CM200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>gas chromatography</td>
			<td>Shimadzu</td>
			<td>GC-2010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis and catalytic performance of gold intercalated in the walls of mesoporous silica

Como un reactor nano catalíticamente activo prometedor, nanopartículas de oro intercaladas en sílice mesoporosos (GMS) se sintetizaron con éxito y propiedades de los materiales fueron investigados. Se utilizó un enfoque de sol-gel de una olla para intercalar las nanopartículas de oro en las paredes de sílice mesoporosa. Para comenzar con la síntesis, P123 se utilizó como molde para formar micelas. Entonces TESPTS fue utilizado como un agente de modificación de la superficie para intercalar nano partículas de oro. Después de este proceso, se añadió en TEOS como una fuente de sílice que se sometió a un proceso de polimerización en medio ácido. Después del procesamiento hidrotérmico y de calcinación, el producto final fue adquirida. Se utilizaron varias técnicas para caracterizar la porosidad, la morfología y la estructura del oro intercalado de sílice mesoporosa. Los resultados mostraron una estructura estable de sílice mesoporosa después de la intercalación de oro. A través de la oxidación del alcohol bencílico como una reacción de referencia, los materiales GMS mostraron alta selectividad y reciclabilidad.

Este método se utilizó para comparar los niveles de síntesis de hemo en normal (HBEC30KT) vs. cáncer (HCC4017 células pulmonares). La Figura 2 muestra un nivel más alto de la síntesis de hemo en células de cáncer (HCC4017) que las células pulmonares normales (HBEC30KT). El nivel de la síntesis de hemo también se midió en células normales y cancerosas en la presencia de cianuro de carbonilo desacoplador mitocondrial 3-clorofenilhidrazona (CCCP). Las células fueron tratadas con CCCP 10 mM d...

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Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica

Here, we present a protocol with a sol-gel process to synthesize gold intercalated in the walls of mesoporous materials (GMS), which is confirmed to possess a mesoporous matrix with gold intercalated in the walls imparting great stability and recyclability.

Síntesis y rendimiento catalítico de Oro intercalados en las Murallas de sílice mesoporoso

As a promising catalytically active nano reactor, gold nanoparticles intercalated in mesoporous silica (GMS) were successfully synthesized and properties ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

9.9K vistas.  Colorado School of Mines. Here, we present a protocol with a sol-gel process to synthesize gold intercalated in the walls of mesoporous materials (GMS), which is confirmed to possess a mesoporous matrix with gold intercalated in the walls imparting great stability and recyclability.

Video: Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica

Isolation and Preparation of Bacterial Cell Walls for Compositional Analysis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography

The bacterial cell wall is critical for the determination of cell shape during growth and division, and maintains the mechanical integrity of cells in the face of turgor pressures several atmospheres in magnitude. Across the diverse shapes and sizes of the bacterial kingdom, the cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan, a macromolecular network of sugar strands crosslinked by short peptides. Peptidoglycan&#8217;s central importance to bacterial physiology underlies its use as an antibiotic target and has motivated genetic, structural, and cell biological studies of how it is robustly assembled during growth and division. Nonetheless, extensive investigations are still required to fully characterize the key enzymatic activities in peptidoglycan synthesis and the chemical composition of bacterial cell walls. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a powerful analytical method for quantifying differences in the chemical composition of the walls of bacteria grown under a variety of environmental and genetic conditions, but its throughput is often limited. Here, we present a straightforward procedure for the isolation and preparation of bacterial cell walls for biological analyses of peptidoglycan via HPLC and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), an extension of HPLC that utilizes pumps to deliver ultra-high pressures of up to 15,000 psi, compared with 6,000 psi for HPLC. In combination with the preparation of bacterial cell walls presented here, the low-volume sample injectors, detectors with high sampling rates, smaller sample volumes, and shorter run times of UPLC will enable high resolution and throughput for novel discoveries of peptidoglycan composition and fundamental bacterial cell biology in most biological laboratories with access to an ultracentrifuge and UPLC.

The bacterial cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan, a macromolecular network of sugar strands crosslinked by peptides. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography provides high resolution and throughput for novel discoveries of peptidoglycan composition. We present a procedure for the isolation of cell walls (sacculi) and their subsequent preparation for analysis via UPLC.

Aislamiento Y Preparación De Paredes Celulares Bacterianas Para El Análisis Compositiva Por Cromatografía Líquida De Ultra Rendimiento

The bacterial cell wall is critical for the determination of cell shape during growth and division, and maintains the mechanical integrity of cells in the ...

Investigación

Química

Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques

This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans. De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)1 and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)2. Two different approaches (see summary in Figure 1) are adopted. In the first, intact W-sol AXs are treated with 2AB to tag the original RE backbone chain sugar residue and then treated with an endoxylanase to generate a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE and internal region reducing oligosaccharides, respectively. In a second approach, the KOH-sol Fr is hydrolyzed with endoxylanase to first generate a mixture of oligosaccharides which are subsequently labelled with 2AB. The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MSn. Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs are also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that also provides information on the anomeric configuration. These techniques can be applied to other classes of polysaccharides using the appropriate endo-hydrolases.

Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical Methylation and Physical Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques

This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the structural characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans by tagging the RE with 2 aminobenzamide prior to enzymatic (endoxylanase) hydrolysis and then analysis of the resultant oligosaccharides using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

La secuenciación de pared planta heteroxilanos Usando enzimática, química (metilación) y (espectrometría de masas, resonancia magnética nuclear) Técnicas Físicas

This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of ...

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the development of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and nanomedicine, fluorescent microscopy and systems chemistry. For many of these applications, specificity of the bioconjugation method used is of prime concern. The Michael addition of maleimides with cysteine(s) on the target proteins is highly selective and proceeds rapidly under mild conditions, making it one of the most popular methods for protein bioconjugation.
We demonstrate here the modification of the only surface-accessible cysteine residue on yeast cytochrome c with a ruthenium(II) bisterpyridine maleimide. The protein bioconjugation is verified by gel electrophoresis and purified by aqueous-based fast protein liquid chromatography in 27% yield of isolated protein material. Structural characterization with MALDI-TOF MS and UV-Vis is then used to verify that the bioconjugation is successful. The protocol shown here is easily applicable to other cysteine - maleimide coupling of proteins to other proteins, dyes, drugs or polymers.

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

This protocol details the important steps required for the bioconjugation of a cysteine containing protein to a maleimide, including reagent purification, reaction conditions, bioconjugate purification and bioconjugate characterization.

Síntesis de Proteínas bioconjugados<em&gt; vía</em&gt; Química cisteína-maleimida

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the ...

Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the synthetic methods for the preparation of gold nanorods are still not fully optimized. In this paper we describe a new, highly efficient, two-step protocol based on the use of hydroquinone as a mild reducing agent. Our approach allows the preparation of nanorods with a good control of size and aspect ratio (AR) simply by varying the amount of hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and silver ions (Ag+) present in the "growth solution". By using this method, it is possible to markedly reduce the amount of CTAB, an expensive and cytotoxic reagent, necessary to obtain the elongated shape. Gold nanorods with an aspect ratio of about 3 can be obtained in the presence of just 50 mM of CTAB (versus 100 mM used in the standard protocol based on the use of ascorbic acid), while shorter gold nanorods are obtained using a concentration as low as 10 mM.

This paper describes a protocol for the synthesis of gold nanorods, based on the use of hydroquinone as reducing agent, plus the different mechanisms for controlling their size and aspect ratio.

Hidroquinona basado Síntesis de oro Nanorods

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the ...

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Detailed and generalized protocols are presented for the synthesis and subsequent purification of four palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes from benzimidazolium salts. Detailed and generalized protocols are also presented for testing the catalytic activity of such complexes in arylation and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. Representative results are shown for the catalytic activity of the four complexes in arylation and Suzuki-Miyaura type reactions. For each of the reactions investigated, at least one of the four complexes successfully catalyzed the reaction, qualifying them as promising candidates for catalysis of many carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The protocols presented are general enough to be adapted for the synthesis, purification and catalytic activity testing of new palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes.

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Detailed and generalized protocols are presented for the synthesis and subsequent purification of four palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes from benzimidazolium salts. The complexes were tested for catalytic activity in arylation and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. For each reaction investigated, at least one of the four complexes successfully catalyzed the reaction.

Paladio<em&gt; N</em&gt; -Heterocíclicos de los complejos de carburo: Síntesis a partir de sales de benzimidazolio y actividad catalítica en las reacciones de formación de enlaces carbono-carbono

Detailed and generalized protocols are presented for the synthesis and subsequent purification of four palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes from ...

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance

Platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) nanowires were developed as fuel cell electrocatalysts, and were optimized for the performance and durability in the oxygen reduction reaction. Spontaneous galvanic displacement was used to deposit Pt layers onto Ni nanowire substrates. The synthesis approach produced catalysts with high specific activities and high Pt surface areas. Hydrogen annealing improved Pt and Ni mixing and specific activity. Acid leaching was used to preferentially remove Ni near the nanowire surface, and oxygen annealing was used to stabilize near-surface Ni, improving durability and minimizing Ni dissolution. These protocols detail the optimization of each post-synthesis processing step, including hydrogen annealing to 250 &#176;C, exposure to 0.1 M nitric acid, and oxygen annealing to 175 &#176;C. Through these steps, Pt-Ni nanowires produced increased activities more than an order of magnitude than Pt nanoparticles, while offering significant durability improvements. The presented protocols are based on Pt-Ni systems in the development of fuel cell catalysts. These techniques have also been used for a variety of metal combinations, and can be applied to develop catalysts for a number of electrochemical processes.

&#160; The protocol describes the synthesis and electrochemical testing of platinum-nickel nanowires. Nanowires were synthesized by the galvanic displacement of a nickel nanowire template. Post-synthesis processing, including hydrogen annealing, acid leaching, and oxygen annealing were used to optimize nanowire performance and durability in the oxygen reduction reaction.

Síntesis de nanocables de platino y níquel y optimización de rendimiento de reducción de oxígeno

Platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) nanowires were developed as fuel cell electrocatalysts, and were optimized for the performance and durability in the oxygen ...

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of NixNb1-xO nanoparticles with different atomic compositions (x = 0.03, 0.08, 0.15, and 0.20) have been prepared by chemical precipitation. These NixNb1-xO catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The study revealed the sponge-like and fold-like appearance of Ni0.97Nb0.03O and Ni0.92Nb0.08O on the NiO surface, and the larger surface area of these NixNb1-xO catalysts, compared with the bulk NiO. Maximum surface area of 173 m2/g can be obtained for Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts. In addition, the catalytic hydroconversion of lignin-derived compounds using the synthesized Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts have been investigated.

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

A protocol for the synthesis of sponge-like and fold-like Ni1-xNbxO nanoparticles by chemical precipitation is presented.

Método de precipitación química para la síntesis de Nb2O5 modificado a granel catalizadores de níquel con alta superficie específica

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of ...

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

The use of nanoprobes such as gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays can enable high sensitivity and convenient colorimetric readout. However, high densities of nanoparticles are typically needed for detection. The available synthesis-based enhancement protocols are either limited to gold and silver nanoparticles or rely on precise enzymatic control and optimization. Here, we present a protocol to enhance the colorimetric readout of gold, silver, silica, and iron oxide nanoprobes. It was observed that the colorimetric signal can be improved by up to a 10000-fold factor. The basis for such signal enhancement strategies is the chemical reduction of Au3+ to Au0. There are several chemical reactions that enable the reduction of Au3+ to Au0. In the protocol, Good&#39;s buffers and H2O2 are used and it is possible to favor the deposition of Au0 onto the surface of existing nanoprobes, in detriment of the formation of new gold nanoparticles. The protocol consists of the incubation of the microarray with a solution consisting of chloroauric acid and H2O2 in 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid pH 6 buffer following the nanoprobe-based detection assay. The enhancement solution can be applied to paper and glass-based sensors. Moreover, it can be used in commercially available immunoassays as demonstrated by the application of the method to a commercial allergen microarray. The signal development requires less than 5 min of incubation with the enhancement solution and the readout can be assessed by naked eye or low-end image acquisition devices such as a table-top scanner or a digital camera.

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

In this work, a protocol for signal enhancement of nanoprobe-based biosensing is presented. The protocol is based on the reduction of chloroauric acid onto the surface of existing nanoprobes that consist of gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles.

Mejora de señal rápida Nanoprobe por síntesis de nanopartículas de oro In Situ

The use of nanoprobes such as gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays can enable high sensitivity ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles

Gold nanoparticles covered with a mixture of 1-octanethiol (OT) and 11-mercapto-1-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) have been extensively studied because of their interactions with cell membranes, lipid bilayers, and viruses. The hydrophilic ligands make these particles colloidally stable in aqueous solutions and the combination with hydrophobic ligands creates an amphiphilic particle that can be loaded with hydrophobic drugs, fuse with the lipid membranes, and resist nonspecific protein adsorption. Many of these properties depend on nanoparticle size and the composition of the ligand shell. It is, therefore, crucial to have a reproducible synthetic method and reliable characterization techniques that allow the determination of nanoparticle properties and the ligand shell composition. Here, a one-phase chemical reduction, followed by a thorough purification to synthesize these nanoparticles with diameters below 5 nm, is presented. The ratio between the two ligands on the surface of the nanoparticle can be tuned through their stoichiometric ratio used during synthesis. We demonstrate how various routine techniques, such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometry, are combined to comprehensively characterize the physicochemical parameters of the nanoparticles.

Amphiphilic gold nanoparticles can be used in many biological applications. A protocol to synthesize gold nanoparticles coated by a binary mixture of ligands and a detailed characterization of these particles is presented.

Síntesis y caracterización de nanopartículas de oro anfifílicas

Gold nanoparticles covered with a mixture of 1-octanethiol (OT) and 11-mercapto-1-undecane sulfonic acid (MUS) have been extensively studied because of ...

Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

Gold nanoparticles (Au nanoparticles) that are ~12 nm in diameter were synthesized by rapidly injecting a solution of 150 mg (0.15 mmol) of tetrachloroauric acid in 3.0 g (3.7 mmol, 3.6 mL) of oleylamine (technical grade) and 3.0 mL of toluene into a boiling solution of 5.1 g (6.4 mmol, 8.7 mL) of oleylamine in 147 mL of toluene. While boiling and mixing the reaction solution for 2 hours, the color of the reaction mixture changed from clear, to light yellow, to light pink, and then slowly to dark red. The heat was then turned off, and the solution was allowed to gradually cool down to room temperature for 1 hour. The gold nanoparticles were then collected and separated from the solution using a centrifuge and washed three times; by vortexing and dispersing the gold nanoparticles in 10 mL portions of toluene, and then precipitating the gold nanoparticles by adding 40 mL portions of methanol and spinning them in a centrifuge. The solution was then decanted to remove any remaining byproducts and unreacted starting materials. Drying the gold nanoparticles in a vacuum environment produced a solid black pellet; which could be stored for long periods of time (up to one year) for later use, and then redissolved in organic solvents such as toluene.

A protocol for synthesizing ~12 nm diameter gold nanoparticles (Au nanoparticles) in an organic solvent is presented. The gold nanoparticles are capped with oleylamine ligands to prevent agglomeration. The gold nanoparticles are soluble in organic solvents such as toluene.