The authors acknowledge National Science Foundation grant CHE- 1214068 for supporting this research project.

GMS 1. 준비 <ol><li> 수신 한 다음 프로세스에서 모든 화학 물질을 사용합니다. </li><li> 염산 (HCL) 솔루션의 2 (M)의 75 mL로 준비합니다. 폴리 (에틸렌 글리콜)의 2.0 g을 달아 - 블록 - 폴리 (프로필렌 글리콜) - 블록 - 폴리 (에틸렌 글리콜) (P123, MW = 5800) 및 2 M HCl 용액의 제조 75 ㎖ 중에 옮긴다. P123이 완전히 용해 될 때까지 실온에서 350 R / 분의 속도로 용액을 자석 교반을 적용한다. 용액은 명백 할 것이다. </li><li> 작은 유리 병 및 전송 비스의 180 μL에 테트라에 톡시 실란 4g (TEOS, MW = 208.33)을 달아 [3- (트리에 톡시 실릴) 프로필] -tetrasulfide (TESPTS, MW = 538.94) 유리 병에. 천천히 유리 병 두 화학 물질을 섞어 흔들어. 다른 바이알에 염화 금산의 38 mg의 (HAuCl 4, 99.90 %)의 무게 및 DI 물 1 ㎖에 녹여. </li><li> 열전대에 의해 온도 제어 된 오일 조에서 35 ° C로 P123 용액의 온도를 증가시킨다. </li><li> 추가 TEOS의 혼합물과 모든TESPTS는 P123 솔루션 단계 1.3에서 준비, 700 R / 분의 활발한 자기 교반에서 솔루션을 유지. 2 분 동안 교반 솔루션을 유지 한 후 30 초 이내에 단계 1.3 적가 준비 HAuCl 4 솔루션을 모두 추가 할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 35 ℃에서 24 시간 동안 700 R / 분에서 교반 솔루션을 유지합니다. </li><li> 24 시간 후, 72 시간 동안 100 ℃에서 오븐 세트에서 밀폐 용기에 저장 용액을 전송. 이것은 열수 처리라고합니다. </li><li> 열수 처리 한 후, 염산을 제거하기 위해 잔류 물을 2 회, 에탄올을 세척 한 후, 깔때기 아래에 세 번 1 번 여과 종이 부압 용액을 필터. 각각의 세척 과정에서, 고체 위의 물 또는 에탄올 1cm를 추가하고 재료가 마를 때까지 기다립니다. </li><li> 4 시간 동안 550 ℃에서 세라믹 도가니 하소로 여과에서 침전을 전송합니다. 다음과 같이 램프 프로그램을 설정 : 25 ° C에서 550 ° C에 2 시간, 4 550 ℃로 유지시간 후 온도가 40 ° C 이하로 떨어질 때까지 도어가 닫힌 샘플로 유지 할 수있다. </li><li> 하소 후, 플라스틱 주걱으로 유리 바이알에 제품을 옮긴다. 합성 물질은 붉은 색을 가지고있다. </li></ol> 2. 촉매 반응, 벤질 알코올의 산화 <ol><li> 벤질 알콜의 산화가 별도의 용매없이 액상 반응, 측정 5 벤질 알코올 (99.8 %)의 용액 및 25 mL의 3 구 플라스크에 그것을 전송하기 때문에, 다음 GMS 촉매 10 ㎎을 계량하며 벤질 추가 알코올. </li><li> 반응 온도를 정확하고 균일 한 제어를 보장하기 위해, 자기 교반하면서 온도 제어 오일 조를 설정한다. </li><li> 오일 욕에 벤질 알코올과 촉매를 넣고 플라스크 후 100 ° C까지 온도를 설정하고 (150), R / 분으로 교반한다. </li><li> 질량 흐름 제어기에 의해 제어되는 2 ㎖ / 분으로 플라스크에 99.9 % 순도로 산소 가스가 흐른다. </li><li> 때오일 욕의 온도는 삼구 플라스크에 산소 가스를 도입, 100 ° C에 도달하여 안정화시킨다. </li><li> 산소 유속 및 온도를 일정하게 유지하고, 반응을 6 시간 동안 수행 할 수있다. </li><li> 반응 후, 1 번 여과 종이 제품 필터. 액상을 수집하고 가스 크로마토 그래피 (GC) 바이알에 분취 옮긴다. GC 바이알에서, (예를 들어, 36 μL 시료 144 μL 아세트산을 사용합니다.) 모든 일부 샘플에 대한 네 부분의 HPLC 등급 초산을 혼합 분석을위한 가스 크로마토 그래프 자동 샘플러에 병을 넣어. DI 물과 에탄올로 여과지에 고체 침전물을 세척 한 후 공기 중에서 건조 할 수 있습니다. 재활용 촉매로서 주걱으로 건조 된 고체를 수집합니다. </li><li> 재활용 촉매로 3 회 2.7을 통해 단계 2.3에서 같은 실험 절차를 반복합니다. 각각의 반복에서, 단계 2.2에 기재된 비율에 맞게 벤질 알코올의 양을 조절한다. </li></ol> 3. THER열 안정성 테스트를위한 GMS의 말 치료 <ol><li> 합성 GMS의 세 개의 분리 된 300 mg의 부분을 달아 유리 병에 보관. 이러한 배치 (1), 대조군으로 배치 2 및 배치 3. 보관할 배치 (1)로 표시하고, 열 처리로에 배치 2 및 배치 (3)를 배치됩니다. </li><li> 400 ° C에서 처리를 위해 다음과 같이 노 프로그램 : 400 ° C 내지 25 ° C에서 램프를 0.5 시간으로는, 4 시간 동안 400 ℃에서 유지 시료 도어로 남아 있도록이 온도로 떨어질 때까지 폐쇄 40 ° C 이하. 도가니에 배치 (2)를 넣고 프로그램을 시작합니다. </li><li> 650 ° C에서 처리를 위해 다음과 같이 노 프로그램 : 도어가 닫힌 온도 아래로 떨어질 때까지 650 ° C 내지 25 ° C에서 램프를 0.75 시간에, 4 시간 동안 650 ℃에서 유지가 샘플로 남아 있도록 40 ° C. 도가니에 배치 3을 넣고 프로그램을 시작합니다. </li></ol> 4. 특성화GMS 재료 (21, 22)의 <ol><li> 60 분 동안 90 ° C와 480 분 후 350 ℃ : 물리적 흡착 악기, 드가는 다음과 같은 프로그램에 자료를 GMS. 물리적 흡착 데이터를 획득하기 위해 탈기 재료 풀 - 등온선 분석을 실행. </li><li> 200 메쉬 구멍 투성이 탄소 TEM 그리드 GMS 시료를 분산하고, 투과형 전자 현미경으로 시료를 관찰한다. 자료를 보호하기 위해 44,000X에서 배율을 제한합니다. </li><li> 구리 Kα 방사선 (λ = 1.5418 Å)와 실행 XRD. 설정 45 kV로의 튜브 전압 및 40mA의 관전류. 0.008 °의 단계 크기 및 각 단계에서 5 초의 측정 시간으로 2θ ° 범위에서 10 ° 내지 90 세기를 수집. </li></ol>

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

합성 프로토콜 내에서 계면 활성제의 농도, 용액의 pH, 반응 온도에 대한 관심은 GMS의 성공적인 형성에 중요하다. 중요한 단계는 1.2, 1.3, 1.4 및 1.6이다. 위에서 언급 한 매개 변수는 계면 활성제로부터 형성된 미셀의 중요한 포장 매개 변수 및 위상을 제어 할 수 있습니다. 미셀의 위상 및 형태는 GMS위한 골격의 역할을 실리카 매트릭스의 최종 상태를 판정한다. 또한 형성 공정에 중요한 서열 및 HAuCl...

촉매 분야에서 큰 잠재력을 가진 신흥 기술로, 나노 크기의 물질은 과거 수십 년간 집중적 인 연구의 관심을 받았다. 나노 촉매를보고 사이에, 금 (Au), AG, 팔라듐과 백금 등의 귀금속 촉매는 세계적으로 주목 1-3을 받고있다. 선택은 촉매 반응에 금과 백금, 팔라듐 헥크 반응에 촉매 및 물 분해를 일산화탄소 연구자의 산화를 포함한다. 촉매 유망한 잠재력에도 불구하고, 금 나노 인한 중독, 코크스, 열분해, 소결에서 불 활성화 그 적용이 제한된다. 이는 귀금속 대한 대표로서, 높은 선택성을 가지며, 적은 금속 침출 경향, 과잉 산화, 4자가 중독, 즉 금을보고되었다. 그러나, 금은 촉매 성능 강하게 입도에 의존한다. Haruta 등의 알은. 촉매 성능 및 이동의 관계를보고했습니다LD 클러스터 직경, 입자 직경 2.7 ~ 5 nm 인 금으로 촉매의 높은 활성을 입증. 귀금속의 입경은 제조 방법 6-9에 의해 제어 될 수있다; 그러나, 다양한 응용 프로그램으로 주요 방해가 집계 및 활동의 손실 남아있다. 소결의 문제점을 해결하기 위해, 통상적 인 방법은 지지체 물질 상에 나노 입자를 고정화하는 것이다. 다양한지지 물질은 다공성 실리카 10-11, 금속 산화물 반도체 (12 ~ 13), (14) 폴리머, 그라 펜 (15)과 카본 나노 튜브 (16)를 포함하여 적용되었다. 그것이 열적 및 화학적으로 안정한 비교적 불활성 만 약산성이며, 매우 잘 정의 된 메조 / 미세 다공성으로 제조 할 수 있기 때문에 사용되는 재료의 사이에, 다공질 실리카 지지체로서 매력적인 재료이다. 다공성 구조는 금속 입자에 대해 양호한 지원을 제공하지만, 기판의 크기 선택적 액세스를 부여금속 촉매. 이 때문에 이러한 선택성은 다공성 물질과 관련된 가변성 특히 유망하다. 종종, 금 입자는 이렇게 어려운 실리카 (19) 상에 금 나노 입자를 제조하기 위하여, 17-18 실리카 표면에 매우 용이하게 이동하고, 고온에 노출 될 때 매우 큰 (50+ ㎚) 반응성 입자를 형성하는 것이 발견된다. 케르 외. 3- 아미노 프로필 - 트리 메 톡시 실란 및 3- 머 캅토 프로필 - 트리에 톡시 실란, 및 지원되는 금 나노 입자에 의해 중세 공성 실리카 MCM-41에 단 분산 금 나노 입자의보고 고정화 수소화 반응에 대한 활성이 높은 것으로 밝혀졌다과 금의 어떠한 침출이 발견되지 않았다 반응 20. 메조 포러스 실리카의 표면 개질의보고에 따라, 우리는 금을 제조하는 방법은 메조 포러스 실리카 (GMS)의 벽에 인터 신고. 또한, 메조 포러스 실리카 지원 방법은 확장 가능한 AP를 제공합니다에 proach 잠재적 독립적으로 촉매 및 다공성 환경을 변경. 촉매 공정은 중요한 경제적 중요성 때문에, 이점까지 도달 될 수있다. 개발하는 능력은 &quot;그린&quot;촉매 환경에 지대한 긍정적 인 영향을 미칠 중요한 산업 공정의 경제성 및 자원 효율성을 개선한다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(propylene glycol)-block-poly(ethylene glycol)</td>
			<td>Aldrich</td>
			<td>435465-250ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>tetraethoxysilane</td>
			<td>TCI</td>
			<td>201-083-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]-tetrasulfide</td>
			<td>GELEST</td>
			<td>SIB1825.0-100GM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>chloroauric acid</td>
			<td>Aldrich</td>
			<td>520918-1G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>benzyl alcohol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>305197-1L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>nitrogen physisorption</td>
			<td>Micromeritics</td>
			<td>Tristar II</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>X-ray diffraction</td>
			<td>Philips</td>
			<td>X&#39;Pert Pro</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>transmission electron microscopy</td>
			<td>Philips</td>
			<td>CM200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>gas chromatography</td>
			<td>Shimadzu</td>
			<td>GC-2010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis and catalytic performance of gold intercalated in the walls of mesoporous silica

유망한 촉매 활성 나노 반응기로, 메조 포러스 실리카 (GMS)에서 인터 금 나노 입자가 성공적으로 합성하고, 물질의 특성을 조사 하였다. 우리는 메조 포러스 실리카의 벽에 금 나노 입자를 층간 삽입하도록 한 냄비 졸 - 겔법을 사용했다. 합성을 시작하는, P123가 미셀을 형성하기 위해 주형으로 사용되었다. 이어서 TESPTS 금 나노 입자를 층간 삽입하는 표면 개질제로서 사용 하였다. 이 프로세스에 따라, TEOS 산성 환경에서 중합 공정을 시행 한 실리카 공급원으로서 첨가 하였다. 열수 처리 및 하소 후에, 최종 생성물을 획득 하였다. 몇 가지 기술은 금 인터 메조 포러스 실리카의 기공 형태와 구조를 특성화하기 위해 사용 하였다. 결과는 골드 인터 후 메조 포러스 실리카의 안정한 구조를 보였다. 반응 벤치 마크로서 벤질 알코올의 산화를 통해, GMS 물질은 높은 SELEC 나타났다tivity 및 재활용.

이 방법은 암 (HCC4017) 폐 세포 대 정상 (HBEC30KT)에서 헴 합성 수준을 비교하기 위해 사용되었다.이 정상 폐 세포 (HBEC30KT)보다 암세포 (HCC4017)에서 헴 합성의 더 높은 수준을 보여준다. 헴 합성의 레벨은 미토콘드리아 uncoupler 보닐 시안화 -3- chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP)의 존재 하에서 정상 및 암 세포에서 측정 하였다. 세포는 헴 합성 수준을 측정하기 전에 24 시간 동안 10 μM의 CCCP ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica at JoVE.com

Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica

Here, we present a protocol with a sol-gel process to synthesize gold intercalated in the walls of mesoporous materials (GMS), which is confirmed to possess a mesoporous matrix with gold intercalated in the walls imparting great stability and recyclability.

합성과 메조 포러스 실리카의 벽에 금 층상의 촉매 성능

As a promising catalytically active nano reactor, gold nanoparticles intercalated in mesoporous silica (GMS) were successfully synthesized and properties ...

synthesis-catalytic-performance-gold-intercalated-walls-mesoporous

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JoVE Journal

Chemistry

10.0K 조회수.  Colorado School of Mines. Here, we present a protocol with a sol-gel process to synthesize gold intercalated in the walls of mesoporous materials (GMS), which is confirmed to possess a mesoporous matrix with gold intercalated in the walls imparting great stability and recyclability.

비디오: Synthesis and Catalytic Performance of Gold Intercalated in the Walls of Mesoporous Silica

Template Directed Synthesis of Plasmonic Gold Nanotubes with Tunable IR Absorbance

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes have been under development since the 1990's and have become a common method to template the synthesis of high aspect ratio nanostructures, mostly by electrochemical growth or pore-wetting. Recently, these membranes have become commercially available in a wide range of pore sizes and densities, leading to an extensive library of functional nanostructures being synthesized from AAO membranes. These include composite nanorods, nanowires and nanotubes made of metals, inorganic materials or polymers 3-10. Nanoporous membranes have been used to synthesize nanoparticle and nanotube arrays that perform well as refractive index sensors, plasmonic biosensors, or surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates 11-16, as well as a wide range of other fields such as photo-thermal heating 17, permselective transport 18, 19, catalysis 20, microfluidics 21, and electrochemical sensing 22, 23. Here, we report a novel procedure to prepare gold nanotubes in AAO membranes. Hollow nanostructures have potential application in plasmonic and SERS sensing, and we anticipate these gold nanotubes will allow for high sensitivity and strong plasmon signals, arising from decreased material dampening 15.

Solution-suspendable gold nanotubes with controlled dimensions can be synthesized by electrochemical deposition in porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes using a hydrophobic polymer core. Gold nanotubes and nanotube arrays hold promise for applications in plasmonic biosensing, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, photo-thermal heating, ionic and molecular transport, microfluidics, catalysis and electrochemical sensing.

템플릿 조정할 IR의 흡광도와 Plasmonic 골드 나노 튜브의 합성을 감독

A nearly parallel array of pores can be produced by anodizing aluminum foils in acidic environments1, 2. Applications of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) ...

연구

화학

Isolation and Preparation of Bacterial Cell Walls for Compositional Analysis by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography

The bacterial cell wall is critical for the determination of cell shape during growth and division, and maintains the mechanical integrity of cells in the face of turgor pressures several atmospheres in magnitude. Across the diverse shapes and sizes of the bacterial kingdom, the cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan, a macromolecular network of sugar strands crosslinked by short peptides. Peptidoglycan&#8217;s central importance to bacterial physiology underlies its use as an antibiotic target and has motivated genetic, structural, and cell biological studies of how it is robustly assembled during growth and division. Nonetheless, extensive investigations are still required to fully characterize the key enzymatic activities in peptidoglycan synthesis and the chemical composition of bacterial cell walls. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a powerful analytical method for quantifying differences in the chemical composition of the walls of bacteria grown under a variety of environmental and genetic conditions, but its throughput is often limited. Here, we present a straightforward procedure for the isolation and preparation of bacterial cell walls for biological analyses of peptidoglycan via HPLC and Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), an extension of HPLC that utilizes pumps to deliver ultra-high pressures of up to 15,000 psi, compared with 6,000 psi for HPLC. In combination with the preparation of bacterial cell walls presented here, the low-volume sample injectors, detectors with high sampling rates, smaller sample volumes, and shorter run times of UPLC will enable high resolution and throughput for novel discoveries of peptidoglycan composition and fundamental bacterial cell biology in most biological laboratories with access to an ultracentrifuge and UPLC.

The bacterial cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan, a macromolecular network of sugar strands crosslinked by peptides. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography provides high resolution and throughput for novel discoveries of peptidoglycan composition. We present a procedure for the isolation of cell walls (sacculi) and their subsequent preparation for analysis via UPLC.

초성능 액체 크로마토그래피에 의한 조성 분석을 위한 세균세포벽의 격리 및 준비

The bacterial cell wall is critical for the determination of cell shape during growth and division, and maintains the mechanical integrity of cells in the ...

A Simple Method for the Size Controlled Synthesis of Stable Oligomeric Clusters of Gold Nanoparticles under Ambient Conditions

Reducing dilute aqueous HAuCl4 with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) under alkaline conditions produces 2 to 3 nm diameter nanoparticles. Stable grape-like oligomeric clusters of these yellow nanoparticles of narrow size distribution are synthesized under ambient conditions via two methods. The delay-time method controls the number of subunits in the oligoclusters by varying the time between the addition of HAuCl4 to alkaline solution and the subsequent addition of reducing agent, NaSCN. The yellow oligoclusters produced range in size from ~3 to ~25 nm. This size range can be further extended by an add-on method utilizing hydroxylated gold chloride (Na+[Au(OH4-x)Clx]-) to auto-catalytically increase the number of subunits in the as-synthesized oligocluster nanoparticles, providing a total range of 3 nm to 70 nm. The crude oligocluster preparations display narrow size distributions and do not require further fractionation for most purposes. The oligoclusters formed can be concentrated &#62;300 fold without aggregation and the crude reaction mixtures remain stable for weeks without further processing. Because these oligomeric clusters can be concentrated before derivatization they allow expensive derivatizing agents to be used economically. In addition, we present two models by which predictions of particle size can be made with great accuracy.

We describe a simple method for producing highly stable oligomeric clusters of gold nanoparticles via the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN). The oligoclusters have a narrow size distribution and can be produced with a wide range of sizes and surface coats.

주변 조건에 따라 금 나노 입자의 안정 올리고머 클러스터의 크기 제어 합성을위한 간단한 방법

Reducing dilute aqueous HAuCl4 with sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) under alkaline conditions produces 2 to 3 nm diameter nanoparticles. Stable grape-like ...

Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical (Methylation) and Physical (Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) Techniques

This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans. De-starched wheat endosperm cell walls were isolated as an alcohol-insoluble residue (AIR)1 and sequentially extracted with water (W-sol Fr) and 1 M KOH containing 1% NaBH4 (KOH-sol Fr) as described by Ratnayake et al. (2014)2. Two different approaches (see summary in Figure 1) are adopted. In the first, intact W-sol AXs are treated with 2AB to tag the original RE backbone chain sugar residue and then treated with an endoxylanase to generate a mixture of 2AB-labelled RE and internal region reducing oligosaccharides, respectively. In a second approach, the KOH-sol Fr is hydrolyzed with endoxylanase to first generate a mixture of oligosaccharides which are subsequently labelled with 2AB. The enzymically released ((un)tagged) oligosaccharides from both W- and KOH-sol Frs are then methylated and the detailed structural analysis of both the native and methylated oligosaccharides is performed using a combination of MALDI-TOF-MS, RP-HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS and ESI-MSn. Endoxylanase digested KOH-sol AXs are also characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) that also provides information on the anomeric configuration. These techniques can be applied to other classes of polysaccharides using the appropriate endo-hydrolases.

Sequencing of Plant Wall Heteroxylans Using Enzymic, Chemical Methylation and Physical Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Techniques

This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the structural characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of heteroxylans by tagging the RE with 2 aminobenzamide prior to enzymatic (endoxylanase) hydrolysis and then analysis of the resultant oligosaccharides using mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

This protocol describes the specific techniques used for the characterization of reducing end (RE) and internal region glycosyl sequence(s) of ...

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the development of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and nanomedicine, fluorescent microscopy and systems chemistry. For many of these applications, specificity of the bioconjugation method used is of prime concern. The Michael addition of maleimides with cysteine(s) on the target proteins is highly selective and proceeds rapidly under mild conditions, making it one of the most popular methods for protein bioconjugation.
We demonstrate here the modification of the only surface-accessible cysteine residue on yeast cytochrome c with a ruthenium(II) bisterpyridine maleimide. The protein bioconjugation is verified by gel electrophoresis and purified by aqueous-based fast protein liquid chromatography in 27% yield of isolated protein material. Structural characterization with MALDI-TOF MS and UV-Vis is then used to verify that the bioconjugation is successful. The protocol shown here is easily applicable to other cysteine - maleimide coupling of proteins to other proteins, dyes, drugs or polymers.

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

This protocol details the important steps required for the bioconjugation of a cysteine containing protein to a maleimide, including reagent purification, reaction conditions, bioconjugate purification and bioconjugate characterization.

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the ...

Hydroquinone Based Synthesis of Gold Nanorods

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the synthetic methods for the preparation of gold nanorods are still not fully optimized. In this paper we describe a new, highly efficient, two-step protocol based on the use of hydroquinone as a mild reducing agent. Our approach allows the preparation of nanorods with a good control of size and aspect ratio (AR) simply by varying the amount of hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and silver ions (Ag+) present in the "growth solution". By using this method, it is possible to markedly reduce the amount of CTAB, an expensive and cytotoxic reagent, necessary to obtain the elongated shape. Gold nanorods with an aspect ratio of about 3 can be obtained in the presence of just 50 mM of CTAB (versus 100 mM used in the standard protocol based on the use of ascorbic acid), while shorter gold nanorods are obtained using a concentration as low as 10 mM.

This paper describes a protocol for the synthesis of gold nanorods, based on the use of hydroquinone as reducing agent, plus the different mechanisms for controlling their size and aspect ratio.

금 나노 막대의 하이드로 퀴논 기반 합성

Gold nanorods are an important kind of nanoparticles characterized by peculiar plasmonic properties. Despite their widespread use in nanotechnology, the ...

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Detailed and generalized protocols are presented for the synthesis and subsequent purification of four palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes from benzimidazolium salts. Detailed and generalized protocols are also presented for testing the catalytic activity of such complexes in arylation and Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. Representative results are shown for the catalytic activity of the four complexes in arylation and Suzuki-Miyaura type reactions. For each of the reactions investigated, at least one of the four complexes successfully catalyzed the reaction, qualifying them as promising candidates for catalysis of many carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions. The protocols presented are general enough to be adapted for the synthesis, purification and catalytic activity testing of new palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes.

Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions

Detailed and generalized protocols are presented for the synthesis and subsequent purification of four palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes from benzimidazolium salts. The complexes were tested for catalytic activity in arylation and Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. For each reaction investigated, at least one of the four complexes successfully catalyzed the reaction.

보장<em&gt; N</em&gt; - 헤테로 사이 클릭 카벤 착물 : 벤즈 이미 다 졸리움 염으로부터의 합성 및 탄소 - 탄소 결합 형성 반응에서의 촉매 활성

Detailed and generalized protocols are presented for the synthesis and subsequent purification of four palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes from ...

Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance

Platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) nanowires were developed as fuel cell electrocatalysts, and were optimized for the performance and durability in the oxygen reduction reaction. Spontaneous galvanic displacement was used to deposit Pt layers onto Ni nanowire substrates. The synthesis approach produced catalysts with high specific activities and high Pt surface areas. Hydrogen annealing improved Pt and Ni mixing and specific activity. Acid leaching was used to preferentially remove Ni near the nanowire surface, and oxygen annealing was used to stabilize near-surface Ni, improving durability and minimizing Ni dissolution. These protocols detail the optimization of each post-synthesis processing step, including hydrogen annealing to 250 &#176;C, exposure to 0.1 M nitric acid, and oxygen annealing to 175 &#176;C. Through these steps, Pt-Ni nanowires produced increased activities more than an order of magnitude than Pt nanoparticles, while offering significant durability improvements. The presented protocols are based on Pt-Ni systems in the development of fuel cell catalysts. These techniques have also been used for a variety of metal combinations, and can be applied to develop catalysts for a number of electrochemical processes.

&#160; The protocol describes the synthesis and electrochemical testing of platinum-nickel nanowires. Nanowires were synthesized by the galvanic displacement of a nickel nanowire template. Post-synthesis processing, including hydrogen annealing, acid leaching, and oxygen annealing were used to optimize nanowire performance and durability in the oxygen reduction reaction.

백 금-니켈 나노 와이어 및 산소 감소 성능 최적화의 합성

Platinum-nickel (Pt-Ni) nanowires were developed as fuel cell electrocatalysts, and were optimized for the performance and durability in the oxygen ...

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of NixNb1-xO nanoparticles with different atomic compositions (x = 0.03, 0.08, 0.15, and 0.20) have been prepared by chemical precipitation. These NixNb1-xO catalysts are characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The study revealed the sponge-like and fold-like appearance of Ni0.97Nb0.03O and Ni0.92Nb0.08O on the NiO surface, and the larger surface area of these NixNb1-xO catalysts, compared with the bulk NiO. Maximum surface area of 173 m2/g can be obtained for Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts. In addition, the catalytic hydroconversion of lignin-derived compounds using the synthesized Ni0.92Nb0.08O catalysts have been investigated.

Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area

A protocol for the synthesis of sponge-like and fold-like Ni1-xNbxO nanoparticles by chemical precipitation is presented.

Nb2O5 의 합성을 위한 화학 강 수 방법을 수정할 높은 특정 표면 영역으로 대량 니켈 촉매

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of NixNb1-xO catalysts with sponge-like and fold-like nanostructures. By varying the Nb:Ni ratio, a series of ...

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

The use of nanoprobes such as gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays can enable high sensitivity and convenient colorimetric readout. However, high densities of nanoparticles are typically needed for detection. The available synthesis-based enhancement protocols are either limited to gold and silver nanoparticles or rely on precise enzymatic control and optimization. Here, we present a protocol to enhance the colorimetric readout of gold, silver, silica, and iron oxide nanoprobes. It was observed that the colorimetric signal can be improved by up to a 10000-fold factor. The basis for such signal enhancement strategies is the chemical reduction of Au3+ to Au0. There are several chemical reactions that enable the reduction of Au3+ to Au0. In the protocol, Good&#39;s buffers and H2O2 are used and it is possible to favor the deposition of Au0 onto the surface of existing nanoprobes, in detriment of the formation of new gold nanoparticles. The protocol consists of the incubation of the microarray with a solution consisting of chloroauric acid and H2O2 in 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid pH 6 buffer following the nanoprobe-based detection assay. The enhancement solution can be applied to paper and glass-based sensors. Moreover, it can be used in commercially available immunoassays as demonstrated by the application of the method to a commercial allergen microarray. The signal development requires less than 5 min of incubation with the enhancement solution and the readout can be assessed by naked eye or low-end image acquisition devices such as a table-top scanner or a digital camera.

Rapid Nanoprobe Signal Enhancement by In Situ Gold Nanoparticle Synthesis

In this work, a protocol for signal enhancement of nanoprobe-based biosensing is presented. The protocol is based on the reduction of chloroauric acid onto the surface of existing nanoprobes that consist of gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles.

에 라 골드 나노 입자 합성에 의해 급속 한 Nanoprobe 신호 향상

The use of nanoprobes such as gold, silver, silica or iron-oxide nanoparticles as detection reagents in bioanalytical assays can enable high sensitivity ...