Name: fat-covered islet transplantation using epididymal white adipose tissue
Uploaded: 2021-05-25T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fat-Covered Islet Transplantation Using Epididymal White Adipose Tissue at JoVE.com

This study was funded by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) (19K09839, NS) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.

The following procedure is performed in three steps. The first step includes the induction of diabetes in the recipient mice and the isolation of donor islets. The second step involves the preparation of islets before transplantation. In the third step, islet transplantation onto epididymal adipose tissue and covering of the islets using the adipose tissue is performed. After that, the therapeutic effects were assessed. The handling of the mice and the experimental procedures performed in this study comply with the &#39;...

<ol>
	<li>Barton, F. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvement+in+outcomes+of+clinical+islet+transplantation:+1999-2010.">Improvement in outcomes of clinical islet transplantation: 1999-2010.</a> Diabetes Care. 35 (7), 1436-1445 (2012).</li><li>Balamurugan, A. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Islet+product+characteristics+and+factors+related+to+successful+human+islet+transplantation+from+the+Collaborative+Islet+Transplant+Registry+(CITR)+1999-2010.">Islet product characteristics and factors related to successful human islet transplantation from the Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry (CITR) 1999-2010.</a> American Journal of Transplantation. 14 (11), 2595-2606 (2014).</li><li>Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry. Annual Report. , (2017).</li><li>Rajab, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Total+Pancreatectomy+and+Islet+Autotransplantation+Following+Treated+Hepatitis+C+Infection.">Total Pancreatectomy and Islet Autotransplantation Following Treated Hepatitis C Infection.</a> Cell Transplantation. 27 (10), 1569-1573 (2018).</li><li>Mellgren, A., Schnell Landstrom, A. H., Petersson, B., Andersson, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+renal+subcapsular+site+offers+better+growth+conditions+for+transplanted+mouse+pancreatic+islet+cells+than+the+liver+or+spleen.">The renal subcapsular site offers better growth conditions for transplanted mouse pancreatic islet cells than the liver or spleen.</a> Diabetologia. 29 (9), 670-672 (1986).</li><li>Hiller, W. F., Klempnauer, J., Luck, R., Steiniger, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progressive+deterioration+of+endocrine+function+after+intraportal+but+not+kidney+subcapsular+rat+islet+transplantation.">Progressive deterioration of endocrine function after intraportal but not kidney subcapsular rat islet transplantation.</a> Diabetes. 40 (1), 134-140 (1991).</li><li>Yasunami, Y., Lacy, P. E., Finke, E. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+site+for+islet+transplantation--a+peritoneal-omental+pouch.">A new site for islet transplantation--a peritoneal-omental pouch.</a> Transplantation. 36 (2), 181-182 (1983).</li><li>Kin, T., Korbutt, G. S., Rajotte, R. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Survival+and+metabolic+function+of+syngeneic+rat+islet+grafts+transplanted+in+the+omental+pouch.">Survival and metabolic function of syngeneic rat islet grafts transplanted in the omental pouch.</a> American Journal of Transplantation. 3 (3), 281-285 (2003).</li><li>Kasoju, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioengineering+a+pre-vascularized+pouch+for+subsequent+islet+transplantation+using+VEGF-loaded+polylactide+capsules.">Bioengineering a pre-vascularized pouch for subsequent islet transplantation using VEGF-loaded polylactide capsules.</a> Biomaterials Science. 8 (2), 631-647 (2020).</li><li>Sakata, N., Yoshimatsu, G., Kodama, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=White+Adipose+Tissue+as+a+Site+for+Islet+Transplantation.">White Adipose Tissue as a Site for Islet Transplantation.</a> Transplantology. 1 (2), 55-70 (2020).</li><li>Osama Gaber, A., Chamsuddin, A., Fraga, D., Fisher, J., Lo, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Insulin+independence+achieved+using+the+transmesenteric+approach+to+the+portal+vein+for+islet+transplantation.">Insulin independence achieved using the transmesenteric approach to the portal vein for islet transplantation.</a> Transplantation. 77 (2), 309-311 (2004).</li><li>Fujita, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Technique+of+endoscopic+biopsy+of+islet+allografts+transplanted+into+the+gastric+submucosal+space+in+pigs.">Technique of endoscopic biopsy of islet allografts transplanted into the gastric submucosal space in pigs.</a> Cell Transplantation. 22 (12), 2335-2344 (2013).</li><li>Sakata, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strategy+for+clinical+setting+in+intramuscular+and+subcutaneous+islet+transplantation.">Strategy for clinical setting in intramuscular and subcutaneous islet transplantation.</a> Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 30 (1), 1-10 (2014).</li><li>Cantarelli, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplant+Site+Influences+the+Immune+Response+After+Islet+Transplantation:+Bone+Marrow+Versus+Liver.">Transplant Site Influences the Immune Response After Islet Transplantation: Bone Marrow Versus Liver.</a> Transplantation. 101 (5), 1046-1055 (2017).</li><li>White, S. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+risks+of+total+pancreatectomy+and+splenic+islet+autotransplantation.">The risks of total pancreatectomy and splenic islet autotransplantation.</a> Cell Transplantation. 9 (1), 19-24 (2000).</li><li>Itoh, T., Nishinakamura, H., Kumano, K., Takahashi, H., Kodama, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Spleen+Is+an+Ideal+Site+for+Inducing+Transplanted+Islet+Graft+Expansion+in+Mice.">The Spleen Is an Ideal Site for Inducing Transplanted Islet Graft Expansion in Mice.</a> PLoS One. 12 (1), 0170899 (2017).</li><li>Sakata, N., Yoshimatsu, G., Kodama, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Spleen+as+an+Optimal+Site+for+Islet+Transplantation+and+a+Source+of+Mesenchymal+Stem+Cells.">The Spleen as an Optimal Site for Islet Transplantation and a Source of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.</a> International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 19 (5), (2018).</li><li>Sakata, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+rat-to-mouse+bioartificial+pancreas+xenotransplantation+on+diabetic+renal+damage+and+survival.">Effect of rat-to-mouse bioartificial pancreas xenotransplantation on diabetic renal damage and survival.</a> Pancreas. 32 (3), 249-257 (2006).</li><li>Nagaya, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effectiveness+of+bioengineered+islet+cell+sheets+for+the+treatment+of+diabetes+mellitus.">Effectiveness of bioengineered islet cell sheets for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.</a> Journal of Surgical Research. 227, 119-129 (2018).</li><li>Weaver, J. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vasculogenic+hydrogel+enhances+islet+survival,+engraftment,+and+function+in+leading+extrahepatic+sites.">Vasculogenic hydrogel enhances islet survival, engraftment, and function in leading extrahepatic sites.</a> Science Advances. 3 (6), 1700184 (2017).</li><li>Dufour, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+an+ectopic+site+for+islet+transplantation,+using+biodegradable+scaffolds.">Development of an ectopic site for islet transplantation, using biodegradable scaffolds.</a> Tissue Engineering. 11 (9-10), 1323-1331 (2005).</li><li>Chen, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+epididymal+fat+pad+as+a+transplant+site+for+minimal+islet+mass.">The epididymal fat pad as a transplant site for minimal islet mass.</a> Transplantation. 84 (1), 122-125 (2007).</li><li>Sakata, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanism+of+Transplanted+Islet+Engraftment+in+Visceral+White+Adipose+Tissue.">Mechanism of Transplanted Islet Engraftment in Visceral White Adipose Tissue.</a> Transplantation. 104 (12), 2516-2527 (2020).</li><li>Navarro-Requena, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PEG+hydrogel+containing+calcium-releasing+particles+and+mesenchymal+stromal+cells+promote+vessel+maturation.">PEG hydrogel containing calcium-releasing particles and mesenchymal stromal cells promote vessel maturation.</a> Acta Biomaterialia. 67, 53-65 (2018).</li><li>Phelps, E. A., Headen, D. M., Taylor, W. R., Thule, P. M., Garcia, A. 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The fat-covered islet transplantation method incorporates techniques from two different transplant techniques: intraperitoneal islet transplantation and intra-adipose tissue islet transplantation. As the surface membrane of epididymal white adipose tissue is considered to be the white adipose tissue that is covered by the peritoneum and that is attached to the epididymis, the fat-covered islet transplantation method can be anatomically categorized as a type of intraperitoneal islet transplantation. The technique by which...

Islet transplantation is a cellular replacement therapy for patients with severe diabetes mellitus. Recent reports have shown that rates of insulin-independence at three years after transplantation improve up to 44%1 and that approximately 80% of recipients who receive more than 600,000 total islet equivalents achieve insulin independence2. Furthermore, in the most recent Collaborative Islet Transplant Registry report, it was revealed that fasting blood glucose levels were maintained at 60-140 mg/dL for over a period of 5 years in over 70% of patients who underwent islet transplant alone. The study also determined that around 90% of the patients who received islet transplant alone or islet transplantation after kidney transplant did not develop any severe hypoglycemic events for over 5 years3.
Although the clinical outcomes of this treatment have been improving, some limitations must still be addressed, including the necessity of establishing an optimal transplant site. The liver is a typical transplant site for clinical islet transplantation because it is the largest organ that can accommodate a high volume of islets. However, in some patients the liver is unavailable (e.g., due to portal hypertension, hepatitis, and/or cirrhosis4) and therefore other sites, including the renal subcapsular space5,6, omental pouch7,8,9,10, mesentery11, gastrointestinal tract12, skeletal muscle13, subcutaneous tissue13, bone marrow14, and spleen15,16,17, have been considered as alternative transplant sites.
Although intraperitoneal islet transplantation can be performed easily under local anesthesia, making the intraperitoneal cavity an appealing site for clinical islet transplantation, upon transplant, the islets are dispersed throughout the entire intraperitoneal cavity, making islet engraftment detection and successful engraftment confirmation difficult. Therefore, the intraperitoneal cavity is not widely recognized as an ideal clinical transplant site. Instead, it is frequently utilized as a control model for preclinical studies to investigate the effectiveness of transplanted encapsulated18 and bioengineered islets19. However, an exact comparison between bioengineered and control islets is difficult to achieve due to the challenges in performing an accurate engraftment assessment.
In contrast, the use of intraperitoneal white adipose tissue in the omental pouch8, mesentery, and other extrahepatic locations has been well reported10,20,21,22,23 and many of the studies investigating the function of bioengineered islets transplanted using white adipose tissue were able to report promising therapeutic outcomes20,24,25,26. As the use of epididymal adipose tissue facilitates the detection of transplanted islets, the &#34;fat-covered islet transplantation method&#34;, utilizing epididymal adipose tissue, was developed to overcome the limitations of intraperitoneal islet transplantation. In this paper, fat-covered islet transplantation using epididymal adipose tissue is described.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>4-0 Nylon</td>
			<td>Alfresa</td>
			<td>ER2004NA45-KF2</td>
			<td>Closing abdomen</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa 488-conjugated donkey anti-guinea pig</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td>
			<td>706-546-148</td>
			<td>Secondary antibody for insulin antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa 647-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td>
			<td>711-606-152</td>
			<td>Secondary antibody for von Willebrand factor antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM, low glucose, pyruvate</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11885084</td>
			<td>Culturing islets, transplanting islets</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eosin</td>
			<td>Fujifilm Wako Chemicals</td>
			<td>051-06515</td>
			<td>Using for staining tissue by eosin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eppendorf Safe-Lock Tubes, 1.5 mL</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>30120086</td>
			<td>Collecting islets&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 15 mL Conical Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>352095</td>
			<td>Collecting islets</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 40 &#181;m Cell Strainer</td>
			<td>Falcon</td>
			<td>352340</td>
			<td>Using for separating islets from other pancreatic tissue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Falcon 50 mL Conical Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>352070</td>
			<td>Discarding excessive medium/buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Guinea pig anti-insulin</td>
			<td>Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd. (Dako)</td>
			<td>IR002</td>
			<td>Primary antibody for murine insulin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hematoxylin</td>
			<td>Muto Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>30002</td>
			<td>Using for staining tissue by hematoxylin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isodine solution 10%</td>
			<td>Shionogi&#38;Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td>no catalog number</td>
			<td>Using for disinfection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Fujifilm Wako Chemicals</td>
			<td>095-06573</td>
			<td>Using for anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Labcon 1000 &#181;L ZapSilk Low Retention Pipette Tips</td>
			<td>Labcon</td>
			<td>1177-965-008</td>
			<td>Using for separating islets from other pancreatic tissue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Labcon 200 &#181;L ZapSilk Low Retention Pipette Tips</td>
			<td>Labcon</td>
			<td>1179-965-008</td>
			<td>Using for seeding islets onto epididymal white adipose tissue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mintsensor</td>
			<td>Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho Co. Ltd.,</td>
			<td>8AEB02E</td>
			<td>Using for monitoring blood glucose</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipetteman P-1000</td>
			<td>Gilson</td>
			<td>F123602</td>
			<td>Using for separating islets from other pancreatic tissue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipetteman P-200</td>
			<td>Gilson</td>
			<td>F123601</td>
			<td>Using for seeding islets onto epididymal white adipose tissue</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit anti-vWF</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab6994</td>
			<td>Primary antibody for murine von Willebrand factor</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fat-covered islet transplantation using epididymal white adipose tissue

Islet transplantation is a cellular replacement therapy for severe diabetes mellitus. The intraperitoneal cavity is typically the transplant site for this procedure. However, intraperitoneal islet transplantation has some limitations, including poor transplant efficacy, difficult graft detection ability, and a lack of graftectomy capability for post-transplant analysis. In this paper, "fat-covered islet transplantation", an intraperitoneal islet transplantation method that utilizes epididymal white adipose tissue, is used to assess the therapeutic effects of bioengineered islets. The simplicity of the method lies in the seeding of islets onto epididymal white adipose tissue and using the tissue to cover the islets. While this method can be categorized as an intraperitoneal islet transplantation technique, it shares characteristics with intra-adipose tissue islet transplantation. The fat-covered islet transplantation method demonstrates more robust therapeutic effects than intra-adipose tissue islet transplantation, however, including the improvement of blood glucose and plasma insulin levels and the potential for graft removal. We recommend the adoption of this method for assessing the mechanisms of islet engraftment into white adipose tissue and the therapeutic effects of bioengineered islets.

To compare the transplant efficacy of fat-covered islet transplantation to that after intraperitoneal islet transplantation, the same number of islets was implanted onto the peritoneum at the left paracolic space of control recipient diabetic animals. The blood glucose levels of mice with fat-covered islet transplantation were observed to gradually and significantly decrease compared to intraperitoneal islet transplanted mice (p = 0.0023; Figure 3A). One month after transplantation, the bloo...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fat-Covered Islet Transplantation Using Epididymal White Adipose Tissue at JoVE.com

Fat-Covered Islet Transplantation Using Epididymal White Adipose Tissue

This fat-covered islet transplantation method is suitable for the detection of engrafted islets in the intraperitoneal cavity. Notably, it does not require the use of biobinding agents or suturing.

Islet transplantation is a cellular replacement therapy for severe diabetes mellitus. The intraperitoneal cavity is typically the transplant site for this ...

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Medicine

A Method for Murine Islet Isolation and Subcapsular Kidney Transplantation

Since the early pioneering work of Ballinger and Reckard demonstrating that transplantation of islets of Langerhans into diabetic rodents could normalize ...

Transplantation of Pulmonary Valve Using a Mouse Model of Heterotopic Heart Transplantation

Tissue engineered heart valves, especially decellularized valves, are starting to gain momentum in clinical use of reconstructive surgery with mixed ...

Cerenkov Luminescence Imaging of Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue

Brown adipose tissue (BAT), widely known as a &#8220;good fat&#8221; plays pivotal roles for thermogenesis in mammals. This special tissue is closely ...

Encapsulation Thermogenic Preadipocytes for Transplantation into Adipose Tissue Depots

Cell encapsulation was developed to entrap viable cells within semi-permeable membranes. The engrafted encapsulated cells can exchange low molecular ...

Creation and Transplantation of an Adipose-derived Stem Cell (ASC) Sheet in a Diabetic Wound-healing Model

Creation and Transplantation of an Adipose-derived Stem Cell ASC Sheet in a Diabetic Wound-healing Model

Artificial skin has achieved considerable therapeutic results in clinical practice. However, artificial skin treatments for wounds in diabetic patients ...

Assessment of Human Adipose Tissue Microvascular Function Using Videomicroscopy

While obesity is closely linked to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disease, little is known about mechanisms that govern these processes. ...

Transplantation of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Sheet to Reduce Leakage After Partial Colectomy in A Rat Model

Anastomotic leakage is a disastrous complication after colorectal surgery. Although current methods for leakage prevention have different levels of ...

Characterization of Immune Cells in Human Adipose Tissue by Using Flow Cytometry

Infiltration of immune cells in the subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (AT) deposits leads to a low-grade inflammation contributing to the ...

Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using 18F-FDG PET/CT

Whole Body and Regional Quantification of Active Human Brown Adipose Tissue Using 18F-FDG PET/CT

In endothermic animals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is activated to produce heat for defending body temperature in response to cold. BAT&#39;s ability to ...

Inguinal Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue (ISWAT) Transplantation Model of Murine Islets

Inguinal Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue ISWAT Transplantation Model of Murine Islets

Pancreatic islet transplantation is a well-established therapeutic treatment for type 1 diabetes. The kidney capsule is the most commonly used site for ...