Por favor, <a href="http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/molecular-biology/dna-and-rna-purification/sybr-green-extractnamp-tissue.html?cm_mmc=JoVE-_-video-_-extract-_-video">haga clic aquí</a> para ver el protocolo.

The authors have nothing to disclose.

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/ProductDetail.do?lang=en&amp;amp;N4=XNATG%7CSIGMA&amp;amp;N5=SEARCH_CONCAT_PNO%7CBRAND_KEY&amp;amp;F=SPEC&amp;amp;cm_sp=affiliate-_-Jove-_-12346&quot;&gt;SYBR Green Extract-N-Amp Tissue PCR Kit&lt;/a&gt;</td><td>Reagent Kit</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/ProductDetail.do?lang=en&amp;amp;N4=XNATG%7CSIGMA&amp;amp;N5=SEARCH_CONCAT_PNO%7CBRAND_KEY&amp;amp;F=SPEC&amp;amp;cm_sp=affiliate-_-Jove-_-12346&quot;&gt;XNATG&lt;/a&gt;</td><td>Includes: Extraction Solution Neutralization Solution B Tissue Preparation Solution Extract-N-Amp SYBR Green PCR ReadyMix</td></tr></tbody></table>

rapid genotyping of mouse tissue using sigma's extract-n-amp tissue pcr kit

Detección genómica del ADN a través de la amplificación por PCR y la detección en un gel de electroforesis es una forma estándar que el genotipo de una muestra de tejido se determina. Preparación convencional de los tejidos para PCR-ADN a menudo listo tomar varias horas o días, dependiendo de la muestra de tejido. El genotipo de la muestra de lo que se puede retrasar por varios días, lo cual no es una opción para muchos tipos diferentes de experimentos. Aquí se demuestra la determinación del genotipo completo de una muestra de cola de ratón, incluyendo la digestión del tejido y la lectura de PCR, en una hora y media utilizando SYBR Sigma verde Extract-N-Amp PCR Kit de tejido. En primer lugar, demostrar la extracción de quince minutos de ADN de la muestra de tejido. Luego, se demuestra el tiempo real de lectura de la amplificación por PCR de la muestra, que permite la identificación de una muestra positiva, ya que está siendo amplificada. En conjunto, la lectura rápida de extracción y en tiempo real permiten una rápida identificación del genotipo de una variedad de diferentes tipos de tejidos a través del método confiable de PCR.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rapid Genotyping of Mouse Tissue Using Sigma's Extract-N-Amp Tissue PCR Kit at JoVE.com

Rapid Genotyping of Mouse Tissue Using Sigma's Extract-N-Amp Tissue PCR Kit

La determinación del genotipo completo de una muestra de cola de ratón, incluyendo la digestión del tejido y la lectura de PCR, se realiza en una hora y media utilizando SYBR Sigma verde Extract-N-Amp PCR kit de tejido.

Genotipificación rápida de tejido de ratón utilizando extracto-N-Amp tejido Sigma PCR Kit

Genomic detection of DNA via PCR amplification and detection on an electrophoretic gel is a standard way that the genotype of a tissue sample is ...

rapid-genotyping-mouse-tissue-using-sigma-s-extract-n-amp-tissue-pcr

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

27.9K vistas.  University of California, Irvine (UCI). La determinación del genotipo completo de una muestra de cola de ratón, incluyendo la digestión del tejido y la lectura de PCR, se realiza en una hora y media utilizando SYBR Sigma verde Extract-N-Amp PCR kit de tejido.

Video: Rapid Genotyping of Mouse Tissue Using Sigma's Extract-N-Amp Tissue PCR Kit

Use of Freeze-thawed Embryos for High-efficiency Production of Genetically Modified Mice

The use of genetically modified (GM) mice has become crucial for understanding gene function and deciphering the underlying mechanisms of human diseases. The CRISPR/Cas9 system allows researchers to modify the genome with unprecedented efficiency, fidelity, and simplicity. Harnessing this technology, researchers are seeking a rapid, efficient, and easy protocol for generating GM mice. Here we introduce an improved method for cryopreservation of one-cell embryos that leads to a higher developmental rate of the freeze-thawed embryos. By combining it with optimized electroporation conditions, this protocol allows for the generation of knockout and knock-in mice with high efficiency and low mosaic rates within a short time. Furthermore, we show a step-by-step explanation of our optimized protocol, covering CRISPR reagent preparation, in vitro fertilization, cryopreservation and thawing of one-cell embryos, electroporation of CRISPR reagents, mouse generation, and genotyping of the founders. Using this protocol, researchers should be able to prepare GM mice with unparalleled ease, speed, and efficiency.

Here, we present a modified method for cryopreservation of one-cell embryos as well as a protocol that couples the use of freeze-thawed embryos and electroporation for the efficient generation of genetically modified mice.

Uso de embriones congelados descongelados para la producción de alta eficiencia de ratones modificados genéticamente

The use of genetically modified (GM) mice has become crucial for understanding gene function and deciphering the underlying mechanisms of human diseases. ...

Investigación

Genética

Rapid Genotyping of Animals Followed by Establishing Primary Cultures of Brain Neurons

High-resolution analysis of the morphology and function of mammalian neurons often requires the genotyping of individual animals followed by the analysis of primary cultures of neurons. We describe a set of procedures for: labeling newborn mice to be genotyped, rapid genotyping, and establishing low-density cultures of brain neurons from these mice. Individual mice are labeled by tattooing, which allows for long-term identification lasting into adulthood. Genotyping by the described protocol is fast and efficient, and allows for automated extraction of nucleic acid with good reliability. This is useful under circumstances where sufficient time for conventional genotyping is not available, e.g., in mice that suffer from neonatal lethality. Primary neuronal cultures are generated at low density, which enables imaging experiments at high spatial resolution. This culture method requires the preparation of glial feeder layers prior to neuronal plating. The protocol is applied in its entirety to a mouse model of the movement disorder DYT1 dystonia (&#916;E-torsinA knock-in mice), and neuronal cultures are prepared from the hippocampus, cerebral cortex and striatum of these mice. This protocol can be applied to mice with other genetic mutations, as well as to animals of other species. Furthermore, individual components of the protocol can be used for isolated sub-projects. Thus this protocol will have wide applications, not only in neuroscience but also in other fields of biological and medical sciences.

We describe procedures for labeling and genotyping newborn mice and generating primary neuronal cultures from them. The genotyping is rapid, efficient and reliable, and allows for automated nucleic-acid extraction. This is especially useful for neonatally lethal mice and their cultures that require prior completion of genotyping.

Rápido Genotipado de animales seguidas del establecimiento de cultivos primarios de neuronas cerebrales

High-resolution analysis of the morphology and function of mammalian neurons often requires the genotyping of individual animals followed by the analysis ...

Neurociencias

Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Assay for Tissue-specific Genes using Early-stage Mouse Embryos

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful tool to identify protein:chromatin interactions that occur in the context of living cells 1-3. This technique has been widely exploited in tissue culture cells, and to a lesser extent, in primary tissue. The application of ChIP to rodent embryonic tissue, especially at early times of development, is complicated by the limited amount of tissue and the heterogeneity of cell and tissue types in the embryo. Here we present a method to perform ChIP using a dissociated embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) embryo. Sheared chromatin from a single E8.5 embryo can be divided into up to five aliquots, which allows the investigator sufficient material for controls and for investigation of specific protein:chromatin interactions.
We have utilized this technique to begin to document protein:chromatin interactions during the specification of tissue-specific gene expression programs. The heterogeneity of cell types in an embryo necessarily restricts the application of this technique because the result is the detection of protein:chromatin interactions without distinguishing whether the interactions occur in all, a subset of, or a single cell type(s). However, examination of tissue-specific genes during or following the onset of tissue-specific gene expression is feasible for two reasons. First, immunoprecipitation of tissue specific factors necessarily isolates chromatin from the cell type where the factor is expressed. Second, immunoprecipitation of coactivators and histones containing post-translational modifications that are associated with gene activation should only be found at genes and gene regulatory sequences in the cell type where the gene is being or has been activated. The technique should be applicable to the study of most tissue-specific gene activation events.
In the example described below, we utilized E8.5 and E9.5 mouse embryos to examine factor binding at a skeletal muscle specific gene promoter. Somites, which are the precursor tissues from which the skeletal muscles of the trunk and limbs will form, are present at E8.5-9.54,5. Myogenin is a regulatory factor required for skeletal muscle differentiation 6-9. The data demonstrate that myogenin is associated with its own promoter in E8.5 and E9.5 embryos. Because myogenin is only expressed in somites at this stage of development 6,10, the data indicate that myogenin interactions with its own promoter have already occurred in skeletal muscle precursor cells in E8.5 embryos.

We demonstrate a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) method to identify factor interactions at tissue-specific genes during or after the onset of tissue-specific gene expression in mouse embryonic tissue. This protocol should be widely applicable for the study of tissue-specific gene activation as it occurs during normal embryonic development.

Ensayo de inmunoprecipitación de la cromatina de los genes específicos de tejido utilizando etapa temprana de embriones de ratón

Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) is a powerful tool to identify protein:chromatin interactions that occur in the context of living cells 1-3. This ...

Biología

A Noninvasive Hair Sampling Technique to Obtain High Quality DNA from Elusive Small Mammals

Noninvasive genetic sampling approaches are becoming increasingly important to study wildlife populations. A number of studies have reported using noninvasive sampling techniques to investigate population genetics and demography of wild populations1. This approach has proven to be especially useful when dealing with rare or elusive species2. While a number of these methods have been developed to sample hair, feces and other biological material from carnivores and medium-sized mammals, they have largely remained untested in elusive small mammals. In this video, we present a novel, inexpensive and noninvasive hair snare targeted at an elusive small mammal, the American pika (Ochotona princeps). We describe the general set-up of the hair snare, which consists of strips of packing tape arranged in a web-like fashion and placed along travelling routes in the pikas&#x2019; habitat. We illustrate the efficiency of the snare at collecting a large quantity of hair that can then be collected and brought back to the lab. We then demonstrate the use of the DNA IQ system (Promega) to isolate DNA and showcase the utility of this method to amplify commonly used molecular markers including nuclear microsatellites, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs), mitochondrial sequences (800bp) as well as a molecular sexing marker. Overall, we demonstrate the utility of this novel noninvasive hair snare as a sampling technique for wildlife population biologists. We anticipate that this approach will be applicable to a variety of small mammals, opening up areas of investigation within natural populations, while minimizing impact to study organisms.

We present a noninvasive sampling approach to efficiently collect hair samples from elusive small mammals, as shown for the American pika. We demonstrate the utility of this method by extracting DNA from sampled hair and amplifying several types of molecular markers commonly used in studies of wildlife ecology and conservation.

Un cabello no invasiva técnica de muestreo para obtener ADN de alta calidad de esquiva Pequeños Mamíferos

Noninvasive genetic sampling approaches are becoming increasingly important to study wildlife populations. A number of studies have reported using ...

Single Cell Transcriptional Profiling of Adult Mouse Cardiomyocytes

While numerous studies have examined gene expression changes from homogenates of heart tissue, this prevents studying the inherent stochastic variation between cells within a tissue. Isolation of pure cardiomyocyte populations through a collagenase perfusion of mouse hearts facilitates the generation of single cell microarrays for whole transcriptome gene expression, or qPCR of specific targets using nanofluidic arrays. We describe here a procedure to examine single cell gene expression profiles of cardiomyocytes isolated from the heart. This paradigm allows for the evaluation of metrics of interest which are not reliant on the mean (for example variance between cells within a tissue) which is not possible when using conventional whole tissue workflows for the evaluation of gene expression (Figure 1). We have achieved robust amplification of the single cell transcriptome yielding micrograms of double stranded cDNA that facilitates the use of microarrays on individual cells. In the procedure we describe the use of NimbleGen arrays which were selected for their ease of use and ability to customize their design. Alternatively, a reverse transcriptase - specific target amplification (RT-STA) reaction, allows for qPCR of hundreds of targets by nanofluidic PCR. Using either of these approaches, it is possible to examine the variability of expression between cells, as well as examining expression profiles of rare cell types from within a tissue. Overall, the single cell gene expression approach allows for the generation of data that can potentially identify idiosyncratic expression profiles that are typically averaged out when examining expression of millions of cells from typical homogenates generated from whole tissues.

Single cell expression profiling allows the detailed gene expression analysis of individual cells. We describe methods for the isolation of cardiomyocytes, and preparing the resulting lysates for either whole transcriptome microarray or qPCR of specific targets.

Perfiles de transcripción de los organismos unicelulares de los cardiomiocitos de ratón adulto

While numerous studies have examined gene expression changes from homogenates of heart tissue, this prevents studying the inherent stochastic variation ...

Genotyping of Plant and Animal Samples without Prior DNA Purification

The Direct PCR approach facilitates PCR amplification directly from small amounts of unpurified samples, and is demonstrated here for several plant and animal tissues (Figure 1). Direct PCR is based on specially engineered Thermo Scientific Phusion and Phire DNA Polymerases, which include a double-stranded DNA binding domain that gives them unique properties such as high tolerance of inhibitors.
PCR-based target DNA detection has numerous applications in plant research, including plant genotype analysis and verification of transgenes. PCR from plant tissues traditionally involves an initial DNA isolation step, which may require expensive or toxic reagents. The process is time consuming and increases the risk of cross contamination1, 2. Conversely, by using Thermo Scientific Phire Plant Direct PCR Kit the target DNA can be easily detected, without prior DNA extraction. In the model demonstrated here, an example of derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence analysis (dCAPS)3,4 is performed directly from Arabidopsis plant leaves. dCAPS genotyping assays can be used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by SNP allele-specific restriction endonuclease digestion3. 
Some plant samples tend to be more challenging when using Direct PCR methods as they contain components that interfere with PCR, such as phenolic compounds. In these cases, an additional step to remove the compounds is traditionally required2,5. Here, this problem is overcome by using a quick and easy dilution protocol followed by Direct PCR amplification (Figure 1). Fifteen year-old oak leaves are used as a model for challenging plants as the specimen contains high amounts of phenolic compounds including tannins. 
Gene transfer into mice is broadly used to study the roles of genes in development, physiology and human disease. The use of these animals requires screening for the presence of the transgene, usually with PCR. Traditionally, this involves a time consuming DNA isolation step, during which DNA for PCR analysis is purified from ear, tail or toe tissues6,7. However, with the Thermo Scientific Phire Animal Tissue Direct PCR Kit transgenic mice can be genotyped without prior DNA purification. In this protocol transgenic mouse genotyping is achieved directly from mouse ear tissues, as demonstrated here for a challenging example where only one primer set is used for amplification of two fragments differing greatly in size.

The Direct PCR approach presented here facilitates PCR amplification directly from small amounts of unpurified plant and animal tissue.

El genotipado de muestras de plantas y animales, sin previa purificación del ADN

The Direct PCR approach facilitates PCR amplification directly from small amounts of unpurified samples, and is demonstrated here for several plant and ...

Rapid and Efficient Zebrafish Genotyping Using PCR with High-resolution Melt Analysis

Zebrafish is a powerful vertebrate model system for studying development, modeling disease, and performing drug screening. Recently a variety of genetic tools have been introduced, including multiple strategies for inducing mutations and generating transgenic lines. However, large-scale screening is limited by traditional genotyping methods, which are time-consuming and labor-intensive. Here we describe a technique to analyze zebrafish genotypes by PCR combined with high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA).&#160;This approach is rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive, with lower risk of contamination artifacts.&#160;Genotyping by PCR with HRMA can be used for embryos or adult fish, including in high-throughput screening protocols.

PCR combined with high-resolution melt analysis (HRMA) is demonstrated as a rapid and efficient method to genotype zebrafish.

Rápido y Eficiente de pez cebra Genotipado Utilizando PCR con análisis del derretimiento de alta resolución

Zebrafish is a powerful vertebrate model system for studying development, modeling disease, and performing drug screening. Recently a variety of genetic ...

Enhanced Crosslinking Immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) Method for Efficient Identification of Protein-bound RNA in Mouse Testis

Spermatogenesis defines a highly ordered process of male germ cell differentiation in mammals. In testis, transcription and translation are uncoupled, underlining the importance of post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression orchestrated by RBPs. To elucidate mechanistic roles of an RBP, crosslinking immunoprecipitation (CLIP) methodology can be used to capture its endogenous direct RNA targets and define the actual interaction sites. The enhanced CLIP (eCLIP) is a newly-developed method that offers several advantages over the conventional CLIPs. However, the use of eCLIP has so far been limited to cell lines, calling for expanded applications. Here, we employed eCLIP to study MOV10 and MOV10L1, two known RNA-binding helicases, in mouse testis. As expected, we find that MOV10 predominantly binds to 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of mRNA and MOV10L1 selectively binds to Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) precursor transcripts. Our eCLIP method allows fast determination of major RNA species bound by various RBPs via small-scale sequencing of subclones and thus availability of qualified libraries, as a warrant for proceeding with deep sequencing. This study establishes an applicable basis for eCLIP in mammalian testis.

Enhanced Crosslinking Immunoprecipitation eCLIP Method for Efficient Identification of Protein-bound RNA in Mouse Testis

Here, we present an eCLIP protocol to determine major RNA targets of RBP candidates in testis.

Método de inmunoprecipitación de reticulado mejorado (eCLIP) para la identificación eficiente de ARN ligado a proteínas en Testis del ratón

Spermatogenesis defines a highly ordered process of male germ cell differentiation in mammals. In testis, transcription and translation are uncoupled, ...

Terapias basadas en AAV mediante inyección intravenosa en modelos preclínicos de ratón

Consistent Delivery of Adeno-Associated Virus via Lateral Tail-Vein Injection in Adult Mice

Many disorders affect multiple organs or involve different regions of the body, so it is critical to deliver therapeutics systemically to target the affected cells located in different sites. Intravenous injection is a widely used systemic delivery route in preclinical studies that assess treatments intended for body-wide administration. In adult mice, it involves the intravenous administration of the therapeutic agent into the mouse&#39;s lateral tail veins. When mastered, tail-vein injections are safe and fast, and only require simple and commonly available tools. However, tail-vein injections are technically challenging and require extensive training and continuous practice to ensure the accurate delivery of the intended dose.
Here we describe a detailed, optimized, lateral tail-vein injection protocol that we have developed based on our experience and on recommendations that had been previously reported by other groups. Other than the mouse restrainers and insulin syringes, this protocol requires only reagents and equipment that are readily available in most labs. We found that following this protocol results in consistently successful intravenous delivery of adeno-associated virus (AAV) into the tail veins of unsedated 7-9 week-old mice. Additionally, we describe the optimized protocols for the histological detection of fluorescent reporter proteins and vector genome per diploid genome (vg/dg) quantification used to assess AAV transduction and biodistribution. The goal of this protocol is to aid experimenters in easily performing tail-vein injections successfully and consistently, which can reduce the practice time needed to master the technique.

Autor destacado: Desarrollo de terapias génicas para distrofias musculares y trastornos neuromusculares

Here we detail an optimized protocol for mouse lateral tail-vein injection to systemically administer adeno-associated virus (AAV) in adult mice. Additionally, we describe protocols of commonly used assays to assess AAV transduction.

Liberación consistente de virus adenoasociados a través de la inyección lateral de la vena de la cola en ratones adultos

Many disorders affect multiple organs or involve different regions of the body, so it is critical to deliver therapeutics systemically to target the ...

Genotipificación rápida de tejido de ratón utilizando extracto-N-Amp tejido Sigma PCR Kit

Resumen

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Capítulos en este video

Uso de embriones congelados descongelados para la producción de alta eficiencia de ratones modificados genéticamente

Rápido Genotipado de animales seguidas del establecimiento de cultivos primarios de neuronas cerebrales

Ensayo de inmunoprecipitación de la cromatina de los genes específicos de tejido utilizando etapa temprana de embriones de ratón

Un cabello no invasiva técnica de muestreo para obtener ADN de alta calidad de esquiva Pequeños Mamíferos

Perfiles de transcripción de los organismos unicelulares de los cardiomiocitos de ratón adulto

El genotipado de muestras de plantas y animales, sin previa purificación del ADN

Rápido y Eficiente de pez cebra Genotipado Utilizando PCR con análisis del derretimiento de alta resolución

Método de inmunoprecipitación de reticulado mejorado (eCLIP) para la identificación eficiente de ARN ligado a proteínas en Testis del ratón

Liberación consistente de virus adenoasociados a través de la inyección lateral de la vena de la cola en ratones adultos

Liberación consistente de virus adenoasociados a través de la inyección lateral de la vena de la cola en ratones adultos