Ce travail a été soutenu par le National Research Foundation de Corée (2013R1A1A1061387) et fonds de recherche KU-KIST.

1. Préparation du précurseur <ol><li> Préparation d&#39;oxyde de graphène (GO): <ol><li> Préparation GO utilisant la méthode de Hummer 14 modifié <ol><li> Ajouter 3,0 g de paillettes de graphite à un mélange de H 2 SO 4 concentré / H 3 PO 4 (360: 40 ml) à température ambiante. (Note: spécial le soin doit être pris lors de l&#39;utilisation des acides forts H 2 SO 4 et H 3 PO 4.) </li><li> Ajouter KMnO 4 (18,0 g) lentement sous agitation et en refroidissant dans un bain de glace pour maintenir la température du mélange réactionnel à &lt;35 ° C. (La solution devenir collant avec l&#39;augmentation du temps de réaction, ont besoin d&#39;utiliser la méthode appropriée pour maintenir une agitation efficace.) (Remarque: Une attention particulière doit être prise tout en ajoutant KMnO 4 en raison de la réaction exothermique.) </li><li> Agiter pendant 12 heures à 50 ° C puis refroidir à température ambiante et verser le mélange réactionnel sur de la glace (400 ml) contenant 30% de H 2 O 2 (3 ml). </li><li> Filtrer la rmélange eaction utilisant un métal US Standard tamis d&#39;essai (300 um) pour éliminer graphite n&#39;a pas réagi et la centrifugeuse (vitesse de 4722 xg pendant 2 h) filtrat pour éliminer le surnageant. </li><li> Répéter l&#39;étape de centrifugation avec 200 ml d&#39;eau, 200 ml de HCl à 30%, 200 ml d&#39;éthanol, et de l&#39;eau distillée jusqu&#39;à ce que de nouveau pH de la solution à 5,0 à 6,0 portée. </li><li> Lyophiliser les solutions finales pour produire une poudre de GO moelleux. </li><li> Afin de rendre la solution GO de taille nanométrique, dissoudre 20 mg de poudre GO dans 40 ml d&#39;eau distillée trois (&gt; 18 MQ), puis exfolier par sonication prolongée (35% d&#39;amplitude, 500 W, 2 h) jusqu&#39;à ce que la distribution de la taille entière devenir en dessous de 150 nm, puis centrifuger deux fois (vitesse de 10 625 xg, 15 min) pour éliminer les précipités (grandes feuilles de GO de l&#39;ONU exfoliée). </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> Préparation de nanoparticules plasmoniques <ol><li> Préparation de AuNPs <ol><li> Citrate stabilisé forme sphérique nanoparticules d&#39;or (AuNPs, OD = 1,0) de 30 nm taille des particules a été utilisé pour la réduction r-GO. </li></ol></li><li> 15 Préparation de AuNRs <ol><li> Préparer la solution d&#39;ensemencement en ajoutant une 0,6 ml d&#39;une solution fraîchement préparée de la glace de 4 solution de NaBH (0,01 M) dans une solution d&#39;un mélange aqueux de composition de 0,25 ml de HAuCl 4 (0,01 M) et 9,75 ml de bromure de cétyltriméthylammonium (CTAB, 0,1 M ). </li><li> Incorporer le mélange résultant vigoureusement pendant 0,5 min, puis le maintenir à 28 ° C pendant 3 heures. </li><li> Préparer la solution de croissance en mélangeant 475 ml de CTAB (0,1 M), 3 mL de AgNO 3 (0,01 M) et 20 ml de HAuCl 4 (0,01 M). </li><li> Puis ajouter 3,2 ml fraîchement préparé de l&#39;acide ascorbique (0,01 M) au mélange, suivi par l&#39;addition de 0,8 ml d&#39;une (M 1,0) solution aqueuse de HCl. </li><li> Dans l&#39;étape finale ajouter 3,2 ml de solution de la graine à la solution de croissance à 28 ° C, et soumettre le mélange réactionnel à inversion rapide de quelques secondes. Enfin, kePE Le mélange obtenu au repos pendant au moins 6 heures. </li><li> Analyser les AuNRs préparés avec spectroscopie UV-visible à des maxima d&#39;absorption (λ max) et l&#39;analyse TEM (typiquement λ max et le rapport d&#39;aspect a été trouvé que 730 nm et 3,5, respectivement). </li></ol></li><li> 16 Préparation de AuNSs <ol><li> Préparer une solution aqueuse d&#39;achat d&#39;actions de 4- (2-hydroxyethyl) -1-piperazineethanesulfonic (HEPES) avec une concentration de 100 mM, et ajuster le pH à 7,4 à 25 ° C en ajoutant 1,0 M de solution de NaOH. </li><li> Mélanger 20 ml de tampon phosphate (100 mM) avec 30 ml de 2- [4- (2-hydroxyéthyl) -1-pipérazinyl] éthanesulfonique (100 mM). </li><li> Puis ajouter 500 pi de l&#39;or (III) trihydrate de chlorure (20 mm) au mélange ci-dessus et de garder à 28,5 ° C pendant 30 min au bain-marie. Couleur de la solution passe du jaune clair au bleu verdâtre après 30 min ont pu être observées. </li><li> Centrifuger la solution à une vitesse de 8928 g pendant 30 min et disperserles précipités dans de l&#39;eau distillée. </li><li> Enfin, analyser la AuNSs préparé avec spectroscopie UV-visible à des maxima d&#39;absorption (λ max) et l&#39;analyse TEM pour la confirmation des particules de grande taille qui se trouve à 740 nm et être 30 nm, respectivement. </li></ol></li></ol></li></ol> 2. Préparation de la R-GO en utilisant la lumière visible et AuNPs <ol><li> Ajouter 1 ml de nanoparticules plasmoniques (Abs 1,0 à 520 nm pour AuNPs, Abs 1,0 à 750 nm pour AuNRs, et Abs 1,0 à 730 nm pour AuNSs, respectivement) et 100 ul d&#39;hydroxyde d&#39;ammonium (28%, p / v%) de 10 ml de solution de GO (DO 1,0 à 230 nm, 0,125 mg ml-1) placé dans un réacteur en verre Pyrex équipé d&#39;une chemise à circulation d&#39;eau. </li><li> Irradier le mélange avec une lampe Xe (densité de puissance de 1,56 W cm -2) pendant 30 minutes avec une circulation d&#39;eau à travers enveloppe à circulation d&#39;eau pour maintenir la température à 25 ° C puis centrifuger la solution à la vitesse de 10 625 xg pendant 15 min àretirer des nanoparticules d&#39;or. </li><li> Prenez le surnageant contenant le r-GO pour analyser avec spectrophotomètre UV-Visible (R-GO devrait montrer la bande d&#39;absorption caractéristique à 270 nm) dans la gamme de 200-900 nm préparé. </li></ol> 3. la détection des cibles ADN en utilisant R-GO Solution 17 <ol><li> Pour l&#39;extinction de fluorescence, ajouter 20 ul de 10 -6 M ssADN Cy3-modifié (5&#39;-ATC CTT ATC AAT ATT CAA TAA TAA TCC CTC-Cy3-3 &#39;) en solution GO-GO ou r contenant 25 pi de GO (0,125 mg ml -1) ou r-GO (0,125 mg ml -1) à 1.955 pi de solution PBS 0,3 M (10 mM de tampon phosphate, 0,3 M de NaCl) et incuber pendant 10 min à température ambiante. </li><li> Mesurer l&#39;intensité de la fluorescence de ces échantillons avec spectrofluorimètre (λ = 529 nm ex). </li><li> Pour Target Detection, ajouter 200 pi de solution cible d&#39;oligonucléotide (5&#39;-GAG GGA TTA TTG TTA AAT ATT GAT AAG GAT- 3 &#39;) en trois concentrations différentes (10 -6 &lt;/ sup&gt; M, 10 -7 M, 10 -8 M) dans la solution de GO ou r-GO contenant 20 pi de 10 -6 M ssADN-Cy3, 25 pi de GO ou R-GO (0,125 mg ml -1) et 1.755 pi de 0,3 M PBS pour l&#39;expérience de récupération de fluorescence. 17 Notes: Sources de lumière &amp; Reactor La lumière visible (400-780 nm) de la source. La lumière visible irradier par Pyrex réacteur en verre (diamètre de la fenêtre = 1,1 cm) contenant une solution de GO en utilisant la lampe Xe (1,56 W / cm 2 puissance). L&#39;énergie photonique appliquée dans le réacteur est calculée comme étant de 4,8 × 10 21 photons par min (Figure 2A-2C). Proche infrarouge (NIR) laser. Laser NIR (diamètre de la fenêtre = 13,2 cm) avec une densité de puissance de 0,36 W / cm 2, et la longueur d&#39;onde de fonctionnement de 808 nm a été utilisée comme source de lumière proche de l&#39;infrarouge pour des réactions de réduction (GO Figure 2E). L&#39;énergie des photons est calculée comme étant de 2,43 x 10 21 photons par min. ReacTor: Pyrex réacteur en verre (diamètre de la fenêtre = 1,1 cm; volume de réaction = 10 ml) équipé d&#39;une chemise à circulation d&#39;eau est utilisée à la fois pour la lumière visible et NIR irradié réactions de réduction GO (figure 2F). </li></ol>

<ol>
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Nous avons rien à révéler.

Irradiation de lumière visible sur une solution GO pendant 30 min avec des nanoparticules d&#39;or (AuNPs, AuNSs &amp; AuNRs) a montré les couleurs rapides changements de la lumière jaune-brun à noir (Figure 1). Pour obtenir un produit R-GO très pur avec un rendement élevé, il ya deux facteurs importants doivent suivre. L&#39;un est l&#39;utilisation d&#39;un catalyseur comme AuNPs plasmonique efficace, car AuNPs peuvent fortement absorber la lumière visible parmi les autres structures (ie,<...

<html> La méthode 1 et de vapeur chimique à base de la première scotch développé dépôt 2 étaient excellentes méthodes pour produire l&#39;état vierge d&#39;un graphène, mais la grande synthèse de graphène à grande échelle ou de graphène formation d&#39;une couche sur la surface avec vaste zone a été considéré comme une limitation clé de méthodes précédentes. 3 l&#39;une des solutions possibles pour la synthèse R-GO à grande échelle sera procédé de synthèse par voie chimique humide qui nécessite d&#39;abord les réactions avec les oxydants forts, vaste traitements physiques tels que les ultrasons pour produire GO feuille, et enfin la réduction des fonctionnalités d&#39;oxygène ces comme hydroxy, époxyde et des groupes carbonyle dans GO est essentielle afin de récupérer ses propriétés physiques originales 4 Partiellement., la réduction de GO a été réalisée avec soit la méthode chimique utilisant de l&#39;hydrazine ou ses dérivés 5 ou par un procédé de traitement thermique (550-1,100 ° C) dans une atmosphère inerte ou réductrice. 6 jove_content &quot;&gt; Ces procédés nécessitent des produits chimiques toxiques, à long temps de réaction et haute température qui a augmenté la demande totale d&#39;énergie pour la synthèse R-GO. 7 Alors que les processus de réduction de photo-irradiation tels que, processus 8 photo-thermique induite par les UV en utilisant un xénon pulsé flash, 9 pulsée laser assistée par 10 et photo-thermique de chauffage avec des lumières flash de l&#39;appareil photo 11 ont également été signalés pour la préparation de la R-GO. En général, la faible efficacité de conversion des méthodes photo-induites propagé à l&#39;utilisation des UV ou pulsé irradiation laser qui peut fournir de l&#39;énergie de photons de haute. La faible consommation d&#39;énergie de photons de la lumière visible limite son utilisation et pas attiré beaucoup pour la synthèse R-GO. Excellentes propriétés d&#39;absorption de la lumière de nanoparticules plasmoniques dans les régions visibles et / ou NIR peut grandement améliorer les inconvénients actuels de l&#39;utilisation de la lumière visible pour la synthèse R-GO. 12,13 conditions réactionnelles douces, peu de temps de réaction et l&#39;utilisation limitée de ch toxiquesemicals pourraient faire la lumière visible plasmon induite assisté réduction photocatalytique de GO comme une méthode alternative utile. Dans présent procédé, nous décrivons la méthode synthétique r-GO efficace et simple en utilisant des nanoparticules plasmoniques et la lumière visible. La progression de la réaction a été jugée fortement dépendantes des structures de nanoparticules plasmoniques tels que des nanoparticules sphériques d&#39;or (AuNPs), nanorods or (AuNRs), et nanostars d&#39;or (AuNSs). L&#39;utilisation de AuNPs a montré la diminution la plus efficace de GO et les nanoparticules sont facilement démontable et recyclable pour l&#39;utilisation répétée (figure 1). La r-GO synthétisé en utilisant la lumière visible et AuNPs montré la qualité presque égale par rapport à la R-GO préparé par méthode chimique bien connue (hydrazine) tel que démontré par l&#39;utilisation de diverses mesures analytiques et la méthode de détection de l&#39;ADN à base de fluorescence trempe / récupération.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Cy3 modifeid ssDNA</td>
			<td>IDT(Iowa, USA)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>HPLC purified by IDT</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold nanoparticles (30 nm)</td>
			<td>Ted Pella, Inc(Redding, CA, USA).</td>
			<td>15706-20</td>
			<td>colloidal solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethane sulfonic acid (HEPES) (99.5%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7365-45-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gold(III)Chloride Hydrate (99.999%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>&#160;27988-77-8</td>
			<td>strongly hygroscopic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Borohydride (99.99%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>16940-66-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (&#8805;99%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>57-09-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Ascorbic Acid(&#8805;99.0%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>50-81-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Chloride (99.5%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7647-14-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Silver Nitrate&#160; (&#8805;99.0%)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7761-88-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Graphite</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7782-42-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sulfuric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7664-93-9</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phophoric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7664-38-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium permanganate</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>7722-64-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hydrogen peroxide</td>
			<td>JUNSEI</td>
			<td>23150-0350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA)</td>
			<td>1336-21-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xe-lamp</td>
			<td>&#160;Cermax, Waltham, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIR Laser</td>
			<td>Class-IV, Sanctity Laser, Shanghai, China&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>6W (output power)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>UV-Vis spectrophotometer&#160;</td>
			<td>S-3100, SINCO, South Korea</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transmission Electron Microscopy</td>
			<td>H-7650, Hitachi, Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectro Fluorometer</td>
			<td>Jasco FP-6500, Tokyo, Japan</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer</td>
			<td>AXIS&#8211;NOVA, KRATOS Inc., UK</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

visible-light induced reduction of graphene oxide using plasmonic nanoparticle

Le présent travail démontre la, rapide, et de l&#39;énergie méthode simple, sans produit chimique efficace de produire de l&#39;oxyde de graphène réduit (R-GO) solution à RT en utilisant l&#39;irradiation de la lumière visible avec des nanoparticules plasmoniques. La nanoparticule plasmonique est utilisé pour améliorer l&#39;efficacité de réduction de GO. Il ne prend que 30 minutes à température ambiante en éclairant les solutions avec Xe-lampe, les solutions r-GO peuvent être obtenus en éliminant complètement les nanoparticules d&#39;or à l&#39;étape de centrifugation simple. Les nanoparticules d&#39;or sphériques (AuNPs) par rapport aux autres nanostructures est nanostructure plasmonique le plus approprié pour la préparation de r-GO. L&#39;oxyde de graphène réduit préparé en utilisant la lumière visible et AuNPs était tout aussi qualitative que l&#39;oxyde de graphène, qui a été soutenu par diverses techniques d&#39;analyse telles que la spectroscopie UV-Vis, la spectroscopie Raman, la poudre XRD et XPS réduit chimiquement. L&#39;oxyde de graphène réduit préparé avec de la lumière visible présente d&#39;excellentes propriétés d&#39;extinction sur le fluorrescentes molécules modifiées sur ADNsb et une excellente récupération de fluorescence pour la détection d&#39;ADN cible. La r-GO préparé par AuNPs recyclés se trouve être de même qualité avec celle de réduire chimiquement r-GO. L&#39;utilisation de la lumière visible avec nanoparticules plasmoniques démontre la bonne méthode alternative pour la synthèse R-GO.

La figure 1 montre le schéma global pour la lumière visible et plasmonique en fonction R-GO réaction de nanoparticules de réduction. La figure 2 montre la configuration instrumentale pour les réactions. Après la réaction, il est nécessaire de l&#39;étape de centrifugation pour éliminer le photocatalyseur utilisé (AuNSs, AuNRs ou AuNPs), comme illustré sur la figure 3A. L&#39;analyse de la HRTEM montre l&#39;élimination complète de nanoparticules dans le su...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle at JoVE.com

Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Un protocole simple pour la préparation de la réduction de l&#39;oxyde de graphène en utilisant la lumière visible et nanoparticule plasmonique est décrite.

Lumière visible réduction induite de graphène oxyde Utilisation plasmonique nanoparticules

Present work demonstrates the simple, chemical free, fast, and energy efficient method to produce reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) solution at RT using ...

visible-light-induced-reduction-graphene-oxide-using-plasmonic

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

14.3K vues.  Korea University.  Un protocole simple pour la préparation de la réduction de l'oxyde de graphène en utilisant la lumière visible et nanoparticule plasmonique est décrite. 

Vidéo: Visible-light Induced Reduction of Graphene Oxide Using Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Design, Fabrication, and Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Photoconductive Terahertz Emitters

In this video article we present a detailed demonstration of a highly efficient method for generating terahertz waves. Our technique is based on photoconduction, which has been one of the most commonly used techniques for terahertz generation 1-8. Terahertz generation in a photoconductive emitter is achieved by pumping an ultrafast photoconductor with a pulsed or heterodyned laser illumination. The induced photocurrent, which follows the envelope of the pump laser, is routed to a terahertz radiating antenna connected to the photoconductor contact electrodes to generate terahertz radiation. Although the quantum efficiency of a photoconductive emitter can theoretically reach 100%, the relatively long transport path lengths of photo-generated carriers to the contact electrodes of conventional photoconductors have severely limited their quantum efficiency. Additionally, the carrier screening effect and thermal breakdown strictly limit the maximum output power of conventional photoconductive terahertz sources. To address the quantum efficiency limitations of conventional photoconductive terahertz emitters, we have developed a new photoconductive emitter concept which incorporates a plasmonic contact electrode configuration to offer high quantum-efficiency and ultrafast operation simultaneously. By using nano-scale plasmonic contact electrodes, we significantly reduce the average photo-generated carrier transport path to photoconductor contact electrodes compared to conventional photoconductors 9. Our method also allows increasing photoconductor active area without a considerable increase in the capacitive loading to the antenna, boosting the maximum terahertz radiation power by preventing the carrier screening effect and thermal breakdown at high optical pump powers. By incorporating plasmonic contact electrodes, we demonstrate enhancing the optical-to-terahertz power conversion efficiency of a conventional photoconductive terahertz emitter by a factor of 50 10.

We describe methods for the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of plasmonic photoconductive emitters, which offer two orders of magnitude higher terahertz power levels compared to conventional photoconductive emitters.

Conception, fabrication et expérimentale Caractérisation des plasmoniques émetteurs térahertz Photoconductive

In this video article we present a detailed demonstration of a highly efficient method for generating terahertz waves. Our technique is based on ...

Recherche

Ingénierie

Evaluating Plasmonic Transport in Current-carrying Silver Nanowires

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information support1,2,3. In this context, metal nanowires are especially desirable for realizing dense routing networks4. A prerequisite to operate such shared nanowire-based platform relies on our ability to electrically contact individual metal nanowires and efficiently excite surface plasmon polaritons5 in this information support. In this article, we describe a protocol to bring electrical terminals to chemically-synthesized silver nanowires6 randomly distributed on a glass substrate7. The positions of the nanowire ends with respect to predefined landmarks are precisely located using standard optical transmission microscopy before encapsulation in an electron-sensitive resist. Trenches representing the electrode layout are subsequently designed by electron-beam lithography. Metal electrodes are then fabricated by thermally evaporating a Cr/Au layer followed by a chemical lift-off. The contacted silver nanowires are finally transferred to a leakage radiation microscope for surface plasmon excitation and characterization8,9. Surface plasmons are launched in the nanowires by focusing a near infrared laser beam on a diffraction-limited spot overlapping one nanowire extremity5,9. For sufficiently large nanowires, the surface plasmon mode leaks into the glass substrate9,10. This leakage radiation is readily detected, imaged, and analyzed in the different conjugate planes in leakage radiation microscopy9,11. The electrical terminals do not affect the plasmon propagation. However, a current-induced morphological deterioration of the nanowire drastically degrades the flow of surface plasmons. The combination of surface plasmon leakage radiation microscopy with a simultaneous analysis of the nanowire electrical transport characteristics reveals the intrinsic limitations of such plasmonic circuitry.

Silver nanowires can simultaneously transport electrons and optical information in the form of surface plasmons. A procedure is described here to realize such a shared circuitry and the limitations at propagating both information carriers are evaluated.

Plasmonics is an emerging technology capable of simultaneously transporting a plasmonic signal and an electronic signal on the same information ...

Development of a 3D Graphene Electrode Dielectrophoretic Device

The design and fabrication of a novel 3D electrode microdevice using 50 &#181;m thick graphene paper and 100 &#181;m double sided tape is described. The protocol details the procedures to construct a versatile, reusable, multiple layer, laminated dielectrophoresis chamber. Specifically, six layers of 50 &#181;m x&#160;0.7 cm x&#160;2 cm graphene paper and five layers of double sided tape were alternately stacked together, then clamped to a glass slide. Then a 700 &#956;m diameter micro-well was drilled through the laminated structure using a computer-controlled micro drilling machine. Insulating properties of the tape layer between adjacent graphene layers were assured by resistance tests. Silver conductive epoxy connected alternate layers of graphene paper and formed stable connections between the graphene paper and external copper wire electrodes. The finished device was then clamped and sealed to a glass slide. The electric field gradient was modeled within the multi-layer device. Dielectrophoretic behaviors of 6 &#956;m polystyrene beads were demonstrated in the 1 mm deep micro-well, with medium conductivities ranging from 0.0001 S/m to 1.3 S/m, and applied signal frequencies from 100 Hz to 10 MHz. Negative dielectrophoretic responses were observed in three dimensions over most of the conductivity-frequency space and cross-over frequency values are consistent with previously reported literature values. The device did not prevent AC electroosmosis and electrothermal flows, which occurred in the low and high frequency regions, respectively. The graphene paper utilized in this device is versatile and could subsequently function as a biosensor after dielectrophoretic characterizations are complete.

A microdevice with high throughput potential is used to demonstrate three-dimensional (3D) dielectrophoresis (DEP) with novel materials. Graphene nanoplatelet paper and double sided tape were alternately stacked; a 700 &#956;m micro-well was drilled transverse to the layers. DEP behavior of polystyrene beads was demonstrated in the micro-well.

Développement d&#39;un périphérique 3D graphène électrode diélectrophorétiques

The design and fabrication of a novel 3D electrode microdevice using 50 &#181;m thick graphene paper and 100 &#181;m double sided tape is described. The ...

Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures

Oxide nanoelectronics is a rapidly growing field which seeks to develop novel materials with multifunctional behavior at nanoscale dimensions. Oxide interfaces exhibit a wide range of properties that can be controlled include conduction, piezoelectric behavior, ferromagnetism, superconductivity and nonlinear optical properties. Recently, methods for controlling these properties at extreme nanoscale dimensions have been discovered and developed. Here are described explicit step-by-step procedures for creating LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanostructures using a reversible conductive atomic force microscopy technique. The processing steps for creating electrical contacts to the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface are first described. Conductive nanostructures are created by applying voltages to a conductive atomic force microscope tip and locally switching the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface to a conductive state. A versatile nanolithography toolkit has been developed expressly for the purpose of controlling the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip path and voltage. Then, these nanostructures are placed in a cryostat and transport measurements are performed. The procedures described here should be useful to others wishing to conduct research in oxide nanoelectronics.

Oxide nanostructures provide new opportunities for science and technology. The interfacial conductivity between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 can be controlled with near-atomic precision using a conductive atomic force microscopy technique. The protocol for creating and measuring conductive nanostructures at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces is demonstrated.

Écrit et à basse température Caractérisation des nanostructures d&#39;oxyde

Oxide nanoelectronics is a rapidly growing field which seeks to develop novel materials with multifunctional behavior at nanoscale dimensions.  Oxide ...

Synthesis and Functionalization of 3D Nano-graphene Materials: Graphene Aerogels and Graphene Macro Assemblies

Efforts to assemble graphene into three-dimensional monolithic structures have been hampered by the high cost and poor processability of graphene. Additionally, most reported graphene assemblies are held together through physical interactions (e.g., van der Waals forces) rather than chemical bonds, which limit their mechanical strength and conductivity. This video method details recently developed strategies to fabricate mass-producible, graphene-based bulk materials derived from either polymer foams or single layer graphene oxide. These materials consist primarily of individual graphene sheets connected through covalently bound carbon linkers. They maintain the favorable properties of graphene such as high surface area and high electrical and thermal conductivity, combined with tunable pore morphology and exceptional mechanical strength and elasticity. This flexible synthetic method can be extended to the fabrication of polymer/carbon nanotube (CNT) and polymer/graphene oxide (GO) composite materials. Furthermore, additional post-synthetic functionalization with anthraquinone is described, which enables a dramatic increase in charge storage performance in supercapacitor applications.

This video method describes the synthesis of high surface area, monolithic 3D graphene-based materials derived from polymer precursors as well as single layer graphene oxide.

Synthèse et fonctionnalisation des matériaux 3D Nano-graphène graphène: aérogels et graphène assemblées Macro

Efforts to assemble graphene into three-dimensional monolithic structures have been hampered by the high cost and poor processability of graphene. ...

Measurement of Scattering Nonlinearities from a Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle

Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus have potential applications in nonlinear optics, which requires extraordinary optical intensity. One of the most studied nonlinearities in plasmonics is nonlinear absorption, including saturation and reverse saturation behaviors. Although scattering and absorption in nanoparticles are closely correlated by the Mie theory, there has been no report of nonlinearities in plasmonic scattering until very recently. 
Last year, not only saturation, but also reverse saturation of scattering in an isolated plasmonic particle was demonstrated for the first time. The results showed that saturable scattering exhibits clear wavelength dependence, which seems to be directly linked to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Combined with the intensity-dependent measurements, the results suggest the possibility of a common mechanism underlying the nonlinear behaviors of scattering and absorption. These nonlinearities of scattering from a single gold nanosphere (GNS) are widely applicable, including in super-resolution microscopy and optical switches. 
In this paper, it is described in detail how to measure nonlinearity of scattering in a single GNP and how to employ the super-resolution technique to enhance the optical imaging resolution based on saturable scattering. This discovery features the first super-resolution microscopy based on nonlinear scattering, which is a novel non-bleaching contrast method that can achieve a resolution as low as l/8 and will potentially be useful in biomedicine and material studies.

Saturable and reverse saturable scattering were discovered in isolated plasmonic particles and adopted as a novel non-bleaching contrast method in super-resolution microscopy. Here the experimental procedures of detecting and extracting nonlinear scattering are explained in detail, as well as how to enhance resolution with the aid of saturated excitation microscopy.

Mesure de la diffusion non-linéarités d&#39;une nanoparticule plasmonique Simple

Plasmonics, which are based on the collective oscillation of electrons due to light excitation, involve strongly enhanced local electric fields and thus ...

Iridium Oxide-reduced Graphene Oxide Nanohybrid Thin Film Modified Screen-printed Electrodes as Disposable Electrochemical Paper Microfluidic pH Sensors

A facile, controllable, inexpensive and green electrochemical synthesis of IrO2-graphene nanohybrid thin films is developed to fabricate an easy-to-use integrated paper microfluidic electrochemical pH sensor for resource-limited settings. Taking advantages from both pH meters and strips, the pH sensing platform is composed of hydrophobic barrier-patterned paper micropad (&#181;PAD) using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), screen-printed electrode (SPE) modified with IrO2-graphene films and molded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic holder. Repetitive cathodic potential cycling was employed for graphene oxide (GO) reduction which can completely remove electrochemically unstable oxygenated groups and generate a 2D defect-free homogeneous graphene thin film with excellent stability and electronic properties. A uniform and smooth IrO2 film in nanoscale grain size is anodically electrodeposited onto the graphene film, without any observable cracks. The resulting IrO2-RGO electrode showed slightly super-Nernstian responses from pH 2-12 in Britton-Robinson (B-R) buffers with good linearity, small hysteresis, low response time and reproducibility in different buffers, as well as low sensitivities to different interfering ionic species and dissolved oxygen. A simple portable digital pH meter is fabricated, whose signal is measured with a multimeter, using high input-impedance operational amplifier and consumer batteries. The pH values measured with the portable electrochemical paper-microfluidic pH sensors were consistent with those measured using a commercial laboratory pH meter with a glass electrode.

The study demonstrates the growth of iridium oxide-reduced graphene oxide (IrO2-RGO) nanohybrid thin films on irregular and rough screen-printed carbon substrate through a green electrochemical synthesis, and their implementation as a pH sensor with a patterned paper-fluidic platform.

Electrodes sérigraphiés oxyde d&#39;iridium réduite graphène Oxyde nanohybrides Thin Film modifié comme papier jetable Electrochemical microfluidiques pH Capteurs

A facile, controllable, inexpensive and green electrochemical synthesis of IrO2-graphene nanohybrid thin films is developed to fabricate an easy-to-use ...

Preparation of ZnO Nanorod/Graphene/ZnO Nanorod Epitaxial Double Heterostructure for Piezoelectrical Nanogenerator by Using Preheating Hydrothermal

Well-aligned ZnO nanostructures have been intensively studied over the last decade for remarkable physical properties and enormous applications. Here, we describe a one-step fabrication technique to synthesis freestanding ZnO nanorod/graphene/ZnO nanorod double heterostructure. The preparation of the double heterostructure is performed by using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and preheating hydrothermal technique. In addition, the morphological properties were characterized by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The utility of freestanding double heterostructure is demonstrated by fabricating the piezoelectric nanogenerator. The electrical output is improved up to 200% compared to that of a single heterostructure owing to the coupling effect of the piezoelectricity between the arrays of ZnO nanorods on the top and bottom of graphene. This unique double heterostructure have a tremendous potential for applications of electrical and optoelectrical devices where the high number density and specific surface area of nanorod are needed, such as pressure sensor, immuno-biosensor and dye-sensitized solar cells.

One-step fabrication method for obtaining freestanding epitaxial double heterostructure is presented. This approach could achieve ZnO coverage with a higher number density than that of the epitaxial single heterostructure, leading to a piezoelectric nanogenerator with an increased output electrical performance.

Préparation de ZnO nanotige / graphène / ZnO nanotige épitaxiale double hétérostructure pour piézoélectriques Nanogénérateur à l&#39;aide de préchauffage hydrothermale

Well-aligned ZnO nanostructures have been intensively studied over the last decade for remarkable physical properties and enormous applications. Here, we ...

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to neutral gold Au(0) by reducing agents, such as sodium citrate or sodium borohydride. The extension of this method to decorate iron oxide or similar nanoparticles with gold nanoparticles to create multifunctional hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles is straightforward. This approach yields fairly good control over Au nanoparticle dimensions and loading onto Fe2O3. Additionally, the Au metal size, shape, and loading can easily be tuned by changing experimental parameters (e.g., reactant concentrations, reducing agents, surfactants, etc.). An advantage of this procedure is that the reaction can be done in air or water, and, in principle, is amenable to scaling up. The use of such optically tunable Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles for hyperthermia studies is an attractive option as it capitalizes on plasmonic heating of gold nanoparticles tuned to absorb light strongly in the VIS-NIR region. In addition to its plasmonic effects, nanoscale Au provides a unique surface for interesting chemistries and catalysis. The Fe2O3 material provides additional functionality due to its magnetic property. For example, an external magnetic field could be used to collect and recycle the hybrid Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles after a catalytic experiment, or alternatively, the magnetic Fe2O3 can be used for hyperthermia studies through magnetic heat induction. The photothermal experiment described in this report measures bulk temperature change and nanoparticle solution mass loss as functions of time using infrared thermocouples and a balance, respectively. The ease of sample preparation and the use of readily available equipment are distinct advantages of this technique. A caveat is that these photothermal measurements assess the bulk solution temperature and not the surface of the nanoparticle where the heat is transduced and the temperature is likely to be higher.

Multifunctional Hybrid Fe2O3-Au Nanoparticles for Efficient Plasmonic Heating

We describe the synthesis and properties of multifunctional Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles produced by a wet chemical approach and investigate their photothermal properties using laser irradiation. The composite Fe2O3-Au nanoparticles retain the properties of both materials, creating a multifunctional structure with excellent magnetic and plasmonic properties.

Hybrid multifonctionnel Fe<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; O<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt; -Au Nanoparticules pour Efficient chauffage plasmonique

One of the most widely used methods for manufacturing colloidal gold nanospherical particles involves the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) to ...

Advanced Compositional Analysis of Nanoparticle-polymer Composites Using Direct Fluorescence Imaging

The fabrication of polymer-nanoparticle composites is extremely important in the development of many functional materials. Identifying the precise composition of these materials is essential, especially in the design of surface catalysts, where the surface concentration of the active component determines the activity of the material. Antimicrobial materials which utilize nanoparticles are a particular focus of this technology. Recently swell encapsulation has emerged as a technique for inserting antimicrobial nanoparticles into a host polymer matrix. Swell encapsulation provides the advantage of localizing the incorporation to the external surfaces of materials, which act as the active sites of these materials. However, quantification of this nanoparticle uptake is challenging. Previous studies explore the link between antimicrobial activity and surface concentration of the active component, but this is not directly visualized. Here we show a reliable method to monitor the incorporation of nanoparticles into a polymer host matrix via swell encapsulation. We show that the surface concentration of CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles can be accurately visualized through cross-sectional fluorescence imaging. Using this method, we can quantify the uptake of nanoparticles via swell encapsulation and measure the surface concentration of encapsulated particles, which is key in optimizing the activity of functional materials.

Here we present a reliable method to monitor the incorporation of nanoparticles into a polymer host matrix via swell encapsulation. We show that the surface concentration of cadmium selenide quantum dots can be accurately visualized through cross-sectional fluorescence imaging.