The authors wish to thank Harene Ranjithakumaran and Stacey Jackson for technical support. This work was supported in part by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council (R.C.B. Wong, A. P&#233;bay), the University of Melbourne (R.C.B. Wong), Retina Australia (R.C.B. Wong, S.S.C. Hung, A. P&#233;bay) and the Ophthalmic Research Institute of Australia (R.C.B. Wong, S.S.C. Hung, A. P&#233;bay); Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (A. P&#233;bay, FT140100047), Cranbourne Foundation Fellowship (R.C.B. Wong); intramural funding from the National Institutes for Health (R.C.B. Wong, S.S.C. Hung) and operational infrastructure support from the Victorian Government.

La collection de l&#39;échantillon de cheveux humains de personnes nécessite l&#39;approbation éthique par le comité d&#39;éthique de la recherche humaine dans les établissements d&#39;accueil et doit être fait en conformité avec les directives institutionnelles. 1. Isolement de kératinocytes à partir de pileux épilé <ol><li> Thaw matrice extracellulaire (ECM) (c.-à-Matrigel) sur la glace O / N. </li><li> En utilisant des pointes de pipette pré-réfrigérés, ajouter 200 solution ECM ul à 12 ml de milieu DMEM réfrigérés / F12. Manteau une plaque de 12 puits avec 1 ml de solution d&#39;ECM dilué dans chaque puits. Incuber la plaque O / N couché à 37 ° C. Laver la plaque revêtue avec / milieu F12 DMEM préchauffé avant utilisation. </li><li> Recueillir cheveu humain primaire à partir de la tête de l&#39;individu en plaçant les doigts à proximité de la racine des cheveux et plumer les cheveux dans un mouvement rapide et lisse. Vérifiez pour confirmer que chaque cheveux collectés contient un follicule pileux intacts et déterminer la phase de l&#39;ONU de cheveux de croissanceder un microscope à dissection (figure 1). <ol><li> Recueillir 5-10 poils anagène de chaque individu pour extraire les kératinocytes. Processus arraché les poils dès que possible pour assurer la dérivation réussie de kératinocytes. Remarque: La figure 1 illustre la morphologie des poils dans les différentes phases du cycle de croissance. Cheveux anagène se trouve dans la phase de croissance, avec une couche extérieure visible de l&#39;épithélium entourant la longueur des cheveux, connu sous le nom de SRO. D&#39;autre part, les cheveux télogène représente cheveux en phase de repos et ne pas avoir un ORS visibles, mais il a une boule claire de cellules couvrant la racine des cheveux, connu sous le renflement télogène. </li></ol></li><li> Placez les échantillons de cheveux dans une boîte de Pétri contenant 10 ml de mélange antibiotique se laver pendant 5 min à température ambiante. </li><li> Avec des ciseaux et des pinces stérilisées, couper l&#39;arbre de cheveux excessive, laissant un fragment de cheveux avec un follicule pileux intacts et autour de 0,5 à 1 cm de tige du cheveu. </li><li> Tra attentivementnsfer fragment 1 de cheveux dans chaque puits de la plaque revêtue de l&#39;ECM en utilisant une pince. </li><li> L&#39;utilisation d&#39;une pipette de 1 ml, ajouter environ 3 gouttes de sérum Knockout remplacement (KSR) moyen (~ 100 - 200 pi) à des échantillons de cheveux. Remarque: Gardez les fragments de cheveux en contact étroit avec la surface de la plaque pour permettre l&#39;attachement et kératinocytes ultérieure excroissance. Ajout de médias excessive à cette étape peut provoque les fragments de cheveux flotter et diminue la chance de l&#39;attachement de cheveux réussie. </li><li> Incuber les échantillons de cheveux dans un incubateur à 37 ° C avec 5% de CO 2 et de permettre aux follicules pileux pour attacher O / N. Le jour suivant, ajouter doucement 3 gouttes d&#39;un autre moyen KSR (~ 100 - 200 pi) pour maintenir les échantillons de cheveux humide. </li><li> Respecter les échantillons de cheveux tous les jours pour confirmer que les follicules pileux ont attaché avec succès. Généralement attachement des follicules pileux est apparente dans les 1-3 jours. Poils épais sont généralement plus facile à fixer par rapport à poils fins, comme les poils fins ont élevétendance à flotter qui entravent le processus de fixation. <ol><li> Une fois que les cheveux ont fixé à la plaque revêtue, ajouter 500 ul de milieu KSR au puits. Redoublez de prudence lors de l&#39;ajout du milieu comme des échantillons de cheveux peuvent ne pas avoir attachée fermement. De ce point, changer de support tous les 2 jours. Remarque: excroissances kératinocytes doivent être visibles de la région ORS du fragment de cheveux après 3-7 jours (Figure 2A-B). Autoriser les kératinocytes de croître jusqu&#39;à 14 jours avant repiquage des cellules comme décrit dans la section suivante. </li></ol></li></ol> 2. Maintenance et repiquage des kératinocytes <ol><li> Pré-enduire une plaque de 6 puits en utilisant le kit de revêtement Matrix. Ajouter 680 ul de milieu de dilution de la trousse à chaque puits, suivis par 6,8 ul de solution de revêtement Matrix. Agiter la plaque pour assurer une distribution uniforme de la solution de matrice de revêtement sur la plaque. </li><li> Laisser la plaque revêtue à incuber pendant 30 min à température ambiante. Supprimerla solution de revêtement matrice avant le placage des kératinocytes. </li><li> Dissocier les kératinocytes dans une suspension cellulaire unique avec 500 pi de trypsine à 0,25% par puits pour 2-5 min à 37 ° C. Inactiver la trypsine avec 500 ul de milieu contenant du sérum (par exemple, sérum bovin fœtal (FBS) Moyen) et recueillir dans un tube de 15 ml stérile. Retirer le fragment de cheveux à l&#39;aide des pinces stérilisées. </li><li> Déterminer le nombre de cellules récoltées à l&#39;aide d&#39;un hémocytomètre. </li><li> Centrifuger les cellules pendant 3 minutes à 200 x g. Laver les cellules avec du PBS et centrifugation répétition. Aspirer le PBS et remettre le culot de cellules dans un milieu de kératinocytes frais. </li><li> Plate baisse de 4 × 10 4 kératinocytes dans un puits de la plaque d&#39;ECM-revêtue de la présence d&#39;un milieu de kératinocytes. Garder les kératinocytes dans un incubateur à 37 ° C avec 5% de CO 2 (figure 2C). Changer de support tous les cellules de jour et de passage lorsque la culture est ~ 80% de confluence, WHIch peut prendre environ 2-7 jours en fonction du nombre de passage et la prolifération des kératinocytes taux. Les kératinocytes dérivés devraient être élargis pour générer des stocks congelés suffisant en utilisant les méthodes de cryoconservation congélation lente standards 16. Remarque: Les conditions de culture décrites soutenir l&#39;expansion de la population homogène de kératinocytes avec la morphologie typique pavée (figure 2C). Parfois, quelques kératinocytes différenciés, avec une morphologie large et plat et ont perdu potentiel réplicatif, peuvent être observées dans la culture. Caractérisation des kératinocytes peut être effectuée par immunocoloration en utilisant des anticorps contre la cytokératine 14 17 comme décrit précédemment. Des lignées cellulaires de kératinocytes établis doivent également être testés pour mycoplasmes après 1-3 passages en utilisant le kit disponible dans le commerce. </li></ol> 3. Génération de hiPSCs de kératinocytes Utilisation épisomique Vecteurs <ol><li> Pré-enduire une plaque de 6 puits avec0,1% de gélatine (2 ml / puits). Autoriser la gélatine pour enrober pendant au moins 20 min à température ambiante. </li><li> Pour l&#39;expérience de reprogrammation, utilisation kératinocytes plus tard passage 6. Dissocier les kératinocytes dans une suspension cellulaire unique avec 1 ml de trypsine à 0,25% par puits pendant 2-5 min à 37 ° C. Inactiver la trypsine avec 1 ml de milieu contenant du sérum (par exemple, les médias FBS) et recueillir dans un tube de 15 ml. </li><li> Centrifuger les cellules pendant 3 min à 200 cellules XG et remettre en suspension dans un milieu de kératinocytes. Planche 1 × 10 × 10 5 -1.5 5 kératinocytes par puits dans une plaque O / N gélatinisé. </li><li> Le jour suivant (jour 0), vérifier la plaque pour assurer cellules sont 50-60% de confluence. Remarque: Si les kératinocytes sont moins de ~ 50% de confluence ils pourraient ne pas bien grandir après la transfection. </li><li> Le jour 0, effectuer la transfection des vecteurs épisomiques de reprogrammation sur les kératinocytes, en utilisant un rapport de 8 pi de réactif de transfection à 2 pg d&#39;ADN de plasmide totale.<ol><li> Prenez 0,5 pg pour chacun des 4 plasmides (pCXLE-eGFP, pCXLE-hOct3 / 4-shP53F, pCXLE-HSK, pCXLE-Hul) et diluer dans 100 pi de milieu de sérum réduit (par exemple, OPTI-MEM). Remarque: Le plasmide pCXLE-eGFP est utilisé pour surveiller l&#39;efficacité de transfection dans les kératinocytes et est pas nécessaire pour la reprogrammation de succès. </li><li> Ajouter 8 ul de réactif de transfection de l&#39;ADN dilué. Mélanger en tapotant le tube. Laisser le mélange réactionnel reposer à l&#39;ADN intact à température ambiante pendant 15 min. </li><li> Remplacez le support des kératinocytes avec du milieu frais. </li><li> Ajouter doucement le mélange de réaction de l&#39;ADN à la culture des kératinocytes et incuber dans un incubateur à 37 ° C avec 5% de CO2 pendant 4 heures. Remarque: Il est recommandé de ne pas effectuer la transfection prolongée O / N dans les kératinocytes comme ils présentent une faible survie post-transfection. </li><li> Après 4 heures post-transfection, remplacer le milieu des kératinocytes avec du milieu frais. </li></ol></li><li> Le Jour 1 (1 jour post-transfection), changer le milieu de kératinocytes et de vérifier l&#39;efficacité de transfection en estimant le pourcentage de cellules positives eGFP sous un microscope à fluorescence. Typiquement&gt; 60-70% d&#39;efficacité de transfection est observée pour les kératinocytes primaires en utilisant ce protocole. </li><li> Le jour 2, répéter transfection comme décrit dans l&#39;étape 3.5. Deux transfections consécutifs seraient typiquement atteindre&gt; 90% d&#39;efficacité de transfection. culture de kératinocytes atteint généralement confluence avant la fin de la seconde transfection. <ol><li> Préparer un plat de 10 cm de la souris fibroblastes embryonnaires (MEF) chargeur pour chaque réaction de reprogrammation. Préparer mangeoires MEF mitotiquement inactivés comme décrit précédemment 18. </li><li> Pré-couche d&#39;un plat de 10 cm avec 5 ml de 0,1% de gélatine pendant au moins 20 min. Planche 4 × 10 6 MEF mitotiquement inactivé par boîte de 10 cm dans un milieu FBS. Laisser les cellules se déposer et se fixent O / N dans un incubateur à 37 ° C avec 5% de CO 2. </li></ol></li><li> Le Jour 3, haracquises les kératinocytes avec 0,25% de trypsine comme décrit dans l&#39;étape 3.2 et 3.3. Reprendre les kératinocytes dans un milieu KSR et de la plaque de 90% de kératinocytes à partir de 1 puits d&#39;une plaque à 6 puits dans un plat d&#39;alimentation MEF 10 cm avec un milieu KSR. </li><li> Partir du jour 4., changer le milieu KSR chaque jour. <ol><li> Alternativement après Jour 18, remplacer le milieu de culture tous les deux jours. Remarque: les kératinocytes non reprogrammé cesseront de proliférer, alors que les colonies hiPSC avec limite définie qui ressemblent à des cellules souches embryonnaires humaines (CSEh) apparaîtront à Jour 14 - 21 ans. </li></ol></li><li> Isoler colonies hiPSC par dissection manuelle de Jour 21 partir. Évitez les colonies hiPSC qui sont étroitement regroupés ensemble et ne ramassent colonies hiPSC qui sont clairement séparés des autres. Note: colonies de hiPSC peuvent être récupérés plus tôt, mais la colonie avec des frontières définies pourraient ne pas être évidente à des moments antérieurs étant donné la petite taille de la colonie. l&#39;efficacité de reprogrammation peuvent varier entre les différents kératinocytes du patient, et est aussi influencée par d&#39;autres facteurs tels que le nombre de passage ou le taux de kératinocytes de prolifération. <ol><li> Pour la dissection manuelle de colonies hiPSC, utiliser une aiguille de 26G à couper colonies hiPSC sous un microscope de dissection. Couper une colonie hiPSC en petits morceaux autour de 300 à 600 mm de longueur. Transférer les morceaux d&#39;une colonie hiPSC dans une nouvelle plaque d&#39;alimentation MEF (2,5 × 10 4 MEF / cm 2) pour établir une ligne clonale de hiPSCs. Initialement, la culture de chaque lignée clonale hiPSC dans un puits d&#39;une plaque de 12 plats ou de la culture d&#39;organes ainsi, puis développez à 6 format de plaque bien. </li><li> Maintenir lignées clonales de hiPSCs établies en milieu KSR sur mangeoires MEF. Une fois la culture atteindre 70 à 80% de confluence avec des colonies hiPSC ~ 1,5 mm de diamètre, hiPSCs de passage en utilisant des procédés enzymatiques standards de passages (Accutase, la dispase ou la collagénase IV) selon les instructions du fabricant. </li></ol></li><li> Caractériser ligne hiPSC établis pour confirmer la pluripotence et leur capacité à se différencier en cellules représentatives des trois feuillets embryonnaires in vitro et / ou in vivo 13,19. En outre, les lignes hiPSC analysent l&#39;régulièrement établis pour mycoplasmes en utilisant des kits disponibles dans le commerce pour assurer qu&#39;ils sont exempts de pathogènes. Surveiller régulièrement la stabilité du génome de lignes hiPSC par caryotype ou basée sur la baie nombre de copies variation (CNV) analyse. </li></ol>

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The authors have no conflict of interest.

Génération de hiPSCs spécifiques au patient offre une approche unique pour l&#39;étude de la pathogenèse dans les types de cellules malades in vitro, et fournit également une plate-forme pour le criblage de médicaments pour identifier de nouvelles molécules qui peuvent sauver les phénotypes de la maladie. Cette approche de modélisation de la maladie en utilisant hiPSCs a donné des résultats prometteurs pour une variété de maladies, y compris le syndrome du QT long, la maladie de Huntington, la mal...

La découverte de cellules souches pluripotentes humaines induites (de hiPSCs) a révolutionné le domaine de la médecine régénérative, fournissant une méthode possible pour la production de cellules souches spécifiques à des patients 1-3. hiPSCs ont été générés avec succès à partir de divers types de cellules somatiques, y compris des fibroblastes, des cellules hématopoïétiques de 4,5 à 6,7, les cellules epitheliales rénales à partir de l&#39;urine et des kératinocytes 8 9,10. À ce jour, les fibroblastes de la peau et des cellules hématopoïétiques représentent les sources de cellules les plus couramment utilisés pour générer des CSPi spécifiques au patient. Sans doute, cela est dû au fait que les biopsies de la peau et de la collecte de sang sont des procédures médicales de routine et de grandes biobanques d&#39;échantillons de sang ou de la peau des patients ont été établis dans de nombreux pays. Contrairement aux cellules sanguines et les fibroblastes de la peau qui exigent des méthodes d&#39;extraction envahissantes, les kératinocytes représentent un type cellulaire facilement accessible pour la génération hiPSC. Keratinocytes sont des cellules épithéliales de kératine riche qui forment la barrière épidermique extérieure de la peau et l&#39;on retrouve également dans les ongles et les cheveux 11. En particulier, les kératinocytes peuvent être trouvés sur la gaine externe de la racine (SRO) des follicules pileux, une couche externe cellulaire qui couvrait la tige du cheveu avec la gaine intérieure de racine (IRS) des cellules (12, figure 1). Comme la collecte de cheveux est une procédure simple qui ne nécessite pas l&#39;assistance du personnel médical, il fournit une occasion pour les patients de recueillir et d&#39;envoyer leurs propres échantillons de cheveux pour les laboratoires, ce qui faciliterait grandement la collecte des échantillons de patients pour la génération hiPSC. kératinocytes épidermiques ont également une efficacité de reprogrammation ultérieure et cinétique rapide de reprogrammation par rapport à des fibroblastes, en ajoutant aux avantages de l&#39;utilisation des kératinocytes comme cellules de départ pour la production hiPSC 9,13. En outre, hiPSCs peut également être générée à l&#39;aide d&#39;autres populations de cellules au sein du follicule pileux,y compris les cellules de papilles dermiques situés à la base de la 14,15 du follicule pileux. Les rapports précédents de génération iPSC utilisant des cellules de cheveux dérivé utilisent souvent des méthodes de reprogrammation rétroviraux ou à base de lentivirus 9,14,15. Cependant, ces procédés introduisent intégration génomique virale de transgènes étrangers indésirables lors de la reprogrammation. En comparaison, l&#39;utilisation de vecteurs épisomiques représente un procédé de reprogrammation est possible, non viral pour générer iPSCs libre rapprochement 4. Nous avons déjà mis au point une méthode simple, rentable et non virale pour reprogrammer efficacement kératinocytes en hiPSCs utilisant des vecteurs épisomiques 13. Ici, nous fournissons un protocole détaillé pour la génération de hiPSCs de kératinocytes dérivés, y compris la dérivation de kératinocytes à partir de cheveux pincées, l&#39;expansion et le maintien des kératinocytes et la reprogrammation ultérieure de générer hiPSCs.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibiotic Mix:&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>250 ng/ml Antimycotic amphotericin B</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A2942-20ml</td>
			<td>Antibiotic mix is made up in PBS.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1X Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS (-)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>14190-144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Knockout Serum Replacement (KSR) medium:&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>KSR medium is filtered using Stericup (Millipore, #SCGPU05RE) before use. bFGF is added fresh to the media before use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20% knockout serum replacement (KSR)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10828-028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM/F12 with glutamax</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10565-042</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1&#215; MEM non-essential amino acid</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11140-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;0.5&#215; Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;0.1 mM &#946;-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>21985</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;bFGF (10 ng/ml, added fresh)</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>GF003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Keratinocyte medium:&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;EpiLife with 60&#160;&#181;M Calcium</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>M-EPI-500-CA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1&#215; Human keratinocyte growth supplement (HKGS)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>S-001-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) medium:&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>FBS medium is filtered using Stericup (Millipore, #SCGPU05RE)&#160; before use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>26140079</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11995-073</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.5&#215; Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2 mM L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.25% trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25200-056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Extracellular Matrix (ECM):</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel</td>
			<td>Corning&#160;</td>
			<td>354234</td>
			<td>Aliquot Matrigel stock and store in -80&#176;C following manufacturer&#8217;s instructions. Stock concentration of Matrigel varies slightly from batch to batch (~9mg/ml). We recommend to use 200&#181;l matrigel for coating a 12-well plate (~150&#181;g/well).&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coating Matrix Kit&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>R-011-K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plasmids:&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td rowspan="5">Note that pCXLE-eGFP is only used for monitoring transfection efficiency and is not required for reprogramming.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>-&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; pCXLE-eGFP</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>27082</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>-&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; pCXLE-hOct3/4-shP53F</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>27077</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>-&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; pCXLE-hSK</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>27078</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>-&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; pCXLE-hUL</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>27080</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transfection reagent Fugene HD</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>E231B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gelatin (from porcine skin)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G1890</td>
			<td>Make up 0.1% gelatin in distilled water. Autoclave before use.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reduced Serum medium: OPTI-MEM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>31985062</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Accutase</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A6964-100ml</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>MEF can be inactivated by mitomycin C treatment or irradiation as described previously 16.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>26G needle</td>
			<td>Terumo</td>
			<td>NN2613R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-well plate (tissue culture treated)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>353046</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12-well plate (tissue culture treated)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>353043</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 cm dish (tissue culture treated)</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>353003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dispase</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>17105-041</td>
			<td>Use at 10mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase IV</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>17104-019</td>
			<td>Use at 1mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TRA-160 antibody</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB4360</td>
			<td>Use at 5&#181;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OCT4 antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>SC-5279</td>
			<td>Use at 5&#181;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NANOG antibody</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>AF1997</td>
			<td>Use at 10&#181;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MycoAlert Detection kit</td>
			<td>Lonza</td>
			<td>LT07-418</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells using hair-derived keratinocytes

Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using patient-specific hiPSCs allows the study of the underlying mechanism for pathogenesis, also providing a platform for the development of in vitro drug screening and gene therapy to improve treatment options. The promising potential of hiPSCs for regenerative medicine is also evident from the increasing number of publications (>7000) on iPSCs in recent years. Various cell types from distinct lineages have been successfully used for hiPSC generation, including skin fibroblasts, hematopoietic cells and epidermal keratinocytes. While skin biopsies and blood collection are routinely performed in many labs as a source of somatic cells for the generation of hiPSCs, the collection and subsequent derivation of hair keratinocytes are less commonly used. Hair-derived keratinocytes represent a non-invasive approach to obtain cell samples from patients. Here we outline a simple non-invasive method for the derivation of keratinocytes from plucked hair. We also provide instructions for maintenance of keratinocytes and subsequent reprogramming to generate integration-free hiPSC using episomal vectors.

Les cheveux passe par trois phases différentes de cycle de croissance: anagène (phase de croissance), catagène (phase de régression) et télogène (phase de repos) 20,21. Le follicule pileux anagène contient de multiples couches de l&#39;épithélium; ces couches comprennent les SRO, IRS et l&#39;arbre des cheveux (Figure 1). Cheveux anagène finalement subit une transition à la phase catagène, qui est marquée par l&#39;apoptose des SRO et la cessation de la différenciation de l&#39;...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Integration-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Hair-derived Keratinocytes at JoVE.com

Generation of Integration-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Hair-derived Keratinocytes

This manuscript provides a step-by-step procedure for the derivation and maintenance of human keratinocytes from plucked hair and subsequent generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by episomal vectors.

Génération de l&#39;intégration sans anthropiques cellules souches pluripotentes utilisant des kératinocytes cheveux dérivés

Recent advances in reprogramming allow us to turn somatic cells into human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Disease modeling using ...

generation-integration-free-human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

11.4K vues.  University of Melbourne. This manuscript provides a step-by-step procedure for the derivation and maintenance of human keratinocytes from plucked hair and subsequent generation of integration-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by episomal vectors. 

Vidéo: Generation of Integration-free Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Hair-derived Keratinocytes

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Frozen Buffy Coats using Non-integrating Episomal Plasmids

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forcing the expression of four transcription factors (Oct-4, Sox-2, Klf-4, and c-Myc), typically expressed by human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Due to their similarity with hESCs, iPSCs have become an important tool for potential patient-specific regenerative medicine, avoiding ethical issues associated with hESCs. In order to obtain cells suitable for clinical application, transgene-free iPSCs need to be generated to avoid transgene reactivation, altered gene expression and misguided differentiation. Moreover, a highly efficient and inexpensive reprogramming method is necessary to derive sufficient iPSCs for therapeutic purposes. Given this need, an efficient non-integrating episomal plasmid approach is the preferable choice for iPSC derivation. Currently the most common cell type used for reprogramming purposes are fibroblasts, the isolation of which requires tissue biopsy, an invasive surgical procedure for the patient. Therefore, human peripheral blood represents the most accessible and least invasive tissue for iPSC generation.
In this study, a cost-effective and viral-free protocol using non-integrating episomal plasmids is reported for the generation of iPSCs from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) obtained from frozen buffy coats after whole blood centrifugation and without density gradient separation.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent a source of patient-specific tissues for clinical applications and basic research. Here, we present a detailed protocol to reprogram human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) obtained from frozen buffy coats into viral-free iPSCs using non-integrating episomal plasmids.

Génération de cellules souches pluripotentes induites à partir de Frozen Buffy Manteaux en utilisant non-intégration épisomique plasmides

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by forcing the expression of four transcription factors (Oct-4, Sox-2, ...

Recherche

Biologie du développement

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral T Cells Using Sendai Virus in Feeder-free Conditions

Recently, iPSCs have attracted attention as a new source of cells for regenerative therapies. Although the initial method for generating iPSCs relied on dermal fibroblasts obtained by invasive biopsy and retroviral genomic insertion of transgenes, there have been many efforts to avoid these disadvantages. Human peripheral T cells are a unique cell source for generating iPSCs. iPSCs derived from T cells contain rearrangements of the T cell receptor (TCR) genes and are a source of antigen-specific T cells. Additionally, T cell receptor rearrangement in the genome has the potential to label individual cell lines and distinguish between transplanted and donor cells. For safe clinical application of iPSCs, it is important to minimize the risk of exposing newly generated iPSCs to harmful agents. Although fetal bovine serum and feeder cells have been essential for pluripotent stem cell culture, it is preferable to remove them from the culture system to reduce the risk of unpredictable pathogenicity. To address this, we have established a protocol for generating iPSCs from human peripheral T cells using Sendai virus to reduce the risk of exposing iPSCs to undefined pathogens. Although handling Sendai virus requires equipment with the appropriate biosafety level, Sendai virus infects activated T cells without genome insertion, yet with high efficiency. In this protocol, we demonstrate the generation of iPSCs from human peripheral T cells in feeder-free conditions using a combination of activated T cell culture and Sendai virus.

This protocol describes how to generate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human peripheral T cells in feeder-free conditions using a combination of matrigel and Sendai virus vectors containing reprogramming factors.

Génération de cellules souches pluripotentes induites à partir de cellules T périphériques humains à l&#39;aide de virus Sendai dans des conditions libres Feeder-

Recently, iPSCs have attracted attention as a new source of cells for regenerative therapies. Although the initial method for generating iPSCs relied on ...

Generation of Induced-pluripotent Stem Cells Using Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes Isolated from Joints of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients

Mature somatic cells can be reversed into a pluripotent stem cell-like state using a defined set of reprogramming factors. Numerous studies have generated induced-Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from various somatic cell types by transducing four Yamanaka transcription factors: Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc. The study of iPSCs remains at the cutting edge of biological and clinical research. In particular, patient-specific iPSCs can be used as a pioneering tool for the study of disease pathobiology, since iPSCs can be induced from the tissue of any individual. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease, classified by the destruction of cartilage and bone structure in the joint. Synovial hyperplasia is one of the major reasons or symptoms that lead to these results in RA. Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes (FLSs) are the main component cells in the hyperplastic synovium. FLSs in the joint limitlessly proliferate, eventually invading the adjacent cartilage and bone. Currently, the hyperplastic synovium can be removed only by a surgical procedure. The removed synovium is used for RA research as a material that reflects the inflammatory condition of the joint. As a major player in the pathogenesis of RA, FLSs can be used as a material to generate and investigate the iPSCs of RA patients. In this study, we used the FLSs of a RA patient to generate iPSCs. Using a lentiviral system, we discovered that FLSs can generate RA patient-specific iPSC. The iPSCs generated from FLSs can be further used as a tool to study the pathophysiology of RA in the future.

Here we describe a protocol for generating human induced-pluripotent stem cells from patient-derived fibroblast-like synoviocytes, using a lentiviral system without feeder cells.

Génération de cellules souches induites pluripotentes Utilisation synoviocytes fibroblaste Isolé Joints de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde Les patients

Mature somatic cells can be reversed into a pluripotent stem cell-like state using a defined set of reprogramming factors. Numerous studies have generated ...

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Melanoma Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocytes

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate durable and complete responses in significant subsets of patients with metastatic melanoma. Major obstacles of this approach are the reduced viability of transferred T cells, caused by telomere shortening, and the limited number of TILs obtained from patients. Less-differentiated T cells with long telomeres would be an ideal T cell subset for adoptive T cell therapy;however, generating large numbers of these less-differentiated T cells is problematic. This limitation of adoptive T cell therapy can be theoretically overcome by using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that self-renew, maintain pluripotency, have elongated telomeres, and provide an unlimited source of autologous T cells for immunotherapy. Here, we present a protocol to generate iPSCs using Sendai virus vectors for the transduction of reprogramming factors into TILs. This protocol generates fully reprogrammed, vector-free clones. These TIL-derived iPSCs might be able to generate less-differentiated patient- and tumor-specific T cells for adoptive T cell therapy.

The goal of this protocol is to show the protocol for reprogramming melanoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes into induced pluripotent stem cells.

Génération de Induced cellules souches pluripotentes à partir de mélanome humain Lymphocytes tumorales infiltrant

Adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can mediate durable and complete responses in significant subsets ...

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Generation from Blood Cells Using Sendai Virus and Centrifugation

The recent development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) proved that mature somatic cells can return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent state. Now, reprogramming is done with various types of adult somatic cells: keratinocytes, urine cells, fibroblasts, etc. Early experiments were usually done with dermal fibroblasts. However, this required an invasive surgical procedure to obtain fibroblasts from the patients. Therefore, suspension cells, such as blood and urine cells, were considered ideal for reprogramming because of the convenience of obtaining the primary cells. Here, we report an efficient protocol for iPSC generation from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). By plating the transduced PBMCs serially to a new, matrix-coated plate using centrifugation, this protocol can easily provide iPSC colonies. This method is also applicable to umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (CBMCs). This study presents a simple and efficient protocol for the reprogramming of PBMCs and CBMCs.

We propose a protocol for reprogramming peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). By plating the transduced blood cells onto matrix-coated plates with centrifugation, iPSCs are successfully induced from floating cells. This technique suggests a simple and effective reprogramming protocol for cells such as PBMCs and CBMCs.

Induite cellules souches pluripotentes génération de cellules sanguines utilisant Sendai Virus et Centrifugation

The recent development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) proved that mature somatic cells can return to an undifferentiated, pluripotent ...

Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for disease modeling and regenerative therapies. We previously reported the use of Episomal Vectors (EV) to generate integration-free iPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PB MNCs). The episomal vectors used are DNA plasmids incorporated with oriP and EBNA1 elements from the Epstein-Barr (EB) virus, which&#160;allow for replication and long-term retainment of plasmids in mammalian cells, respectively. With further optimization, thousands of iPSC colonies can be obtained from 1 mL of peripheral blood. Two critical factors for achieving high reprogramming efficiencies&#160;are: 1) the use of a 2A &#34;self-cleavage&#34; peptide to link OCT4 and SOX2, thus achieving equimolar expression of the two factors; 2) the use of two vectors to express MYC and KLF4 individually. Here we describe a step-by-step protocol for generating integration-free iPSCs from adult peripheral blood samples. The generated iPSCs are integration-free as residual episomal plasmids are undetectable after five passages. Although the reprogramming efficiency is comparable to that of Sendai Virus (SV) vectors, EV plasmids are considerably more economical than the commercially available SV vectors. This affordable EV reprogramming system holds potential for clinical applications in regenerative medicine and provides an approach for the direct reprogramming of PB MNCs to integration-free mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, etc.

This protocol describes a detailed method for efficient generation of integration-free iPSCs from human adult peripheral blood cells. With the use of four oriP/EBNA-based episomal vectors to express the reprogramming factors, KLF4, MYC, BCL-XL, or OCT4 and SOX2, thousands of iPSC colonies can be obtained from 1 mL of peripheral blood.

Génération d&#39;Intégration-libres induits des cellules souches pluripotentes à partir de cellules mononucléaires sang périphérique humain utilisant épisomique Vecteurs

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for disease modeling and regenerative therapies. We previously reported the use of Episomal ...

Defined and Scalable Generation of Hepatocyte-like Cells from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the human body. The differentiation of hPSCs to human hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) has been extensively studied, and efficient differentiation protocols have been established. The combination of extracellular matrix and biological stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, and small molecules, have made it possible to generate HLCs that resemble primary human hepatocytes. However, the majority of procedures still employ undefined components, giving rise to batch-to-batch variation. This serves as a significant barrier to the application of the technology. To tackle this issue, we developed a defined system for hepatocyte differentiation using human recombinant laminins as extracellular matrices in combination with a serum-free differentiation process. Highly efficient hepatocyte specification was achieved, with demonstrated improvements in both HLC function and phenotype. Importantly, this system is easy to scale up using research and GMP-grade hPSC lines&#160;promising advances in cell-based modelling and therapies.

The method presented here describes a scalable and good manufacturing practice (GMP)-ready differentiation system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells from pluripotent stem cells. It serves as a cost-effective and standardized system to generate human hepatocyte-like cells for basic and applied human liver research.

Définition et génération évolutive des cellules hépatocytes-like de pluripotentes humaines Cellules souches

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) possess great value for biomedical research. hPSCs can be scaled and differentiated to all cell types found in the ...

Integration Free Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Laminin 521 Matrix

Xeno-free and fully defined conditions are key parameters for robust and reproducible generation of homogenous human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells. Maintenance of hiPS cells on feeder cells or undefined matrices are susceptible to batch variances, pathogenic contamination and risk of immunogenicity. Utilizing the defined recombinant human laminin 521 (LN-521) matrix in combination with xeno-free and defined media formulations reduces variability and allows for the consistent generation of hiPS cells. The Sendai virus (SeV) vector is a non-integrating RNA-based system, thus circumventing concerns associated with the potential disruptive effect on genome integrity integrating vectors can have. Furthermore, these vectors have demonstrated relatively high efficiency in the reprogramming of dermal fibroblasts. In addition, enzymatic single cell passaging of cells facilitates homogeneous maintenance of hiPS cells without substantial prior experience of stem cell culture. Here we describe a protocol that has been extensively tested and developed with a focus on reproducibility and ease of use, providing a robust and practical way to generate defined and xeno-free human hiPS cells from fibroblasts.

Robust derivation of human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells was achieved by using non-integrating Sendai virus (SeV) vector mediated reprogramming of dermal fibroblasts. hiPS cell maintenance and clonal expansion was performed using xeno-free and chemically defined culture conditions with recombinant human laminin 521 (LN-521) matrix and Essential E8 (E8) Medium.

Intégration de la dérivation libre de cellules souches pluripotentes induites par l&#39;homme à l&#39;aide de Laminin 521 Matrix

Xeno-free and fully defined conditions are key parameters for robust and reproducible generation of homogenous human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) ...

Generation of Standardized and Reproducible Forebrain-type Cerebral Organoids from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The human cortex is highly expanded and exhibits a complex structure with specific functional areas, providing higher brain function, such as cognition. Efforts to study human cerebral cortex development have been limited by the availability of model systems. Translating results from rodent studies to the human system is restricted by species differences and studies on human primary tissues are hampered by a lack of tissue availability as well as ethical concerns. Recent development in human pluripotent stem cell (PSC) technology include the generation of three-dimensional (3D) self-organizing organotypic culture systems, which mimic to a certain extent human-specific brain development in vitro. Currently, various protocols are available for the generation of either whole brain or brain-region specific organoids. The method for the generation of homogeneous and reproducible forebrain-type organoids from induced PSC (iPSC), which we previously established and describe here, combines the intrinsic ability of PSC to self-organize with guided differentiation towards the anterior neuroectodermal lineage and matrix embedding to support the formation of a continuous neuroepithelium. More specifically, this protocol involves: (1) the generation of iPSC aggregates, including the conversion of iPSC colonies to a confluent monolayer culture; (2) the induction of anterior neuroectoderm; (3) the embedding of neuroectodermal aggregates in a matrix scaffold; (4) the generation of forebrain-type organoids from neuroectodermal aggregates; and (5) the fixation and validation of forebrain-type organoids. As such, this protocol provides an easily applicable system for the generation of standardized and reproducible iPSC-derived cortical tissue structures in vitro.

Cerebral organoids represent a new model system to investigate early human brain development in vitro. This article provides the detailed methodology to efficiently generate homogeneous dorsal forebrain-type organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells including critical characterization and validation steps.

Génération de type prosencéphale standardisées et reproductibles organoïdes cérébrale de l’homme induites par les cellules souches pluripotentes

The human cortex is highly expanded and exhibits a complex structure with specific functional areas, providing higher brain function, such as cognition. ...

Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Hepatocyte-like Cells for Drug Discovery

The ability to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) provides new opportunities to study inborn errors in hepatic metabolism. However, to provide a platform that supports the identification of small molecules that can potentially be used to treat liver disease, the procedure requires a culture format that is compatible with screening thousands of compounds. Here, we describe a protocol using completely defined culture conditions, which allow the reproducible differentiation of human iPSCs to hepatocyte-like cells in 96-well tissue culture plates. We also provide an example of using the platform to screen compounds for their ability to lower Apolipoprotein B (APOB) produced from iPSC-derived hepatocytes generated from a familial hypercholesterolemia patient. The availability of a platform that is compatible with drug discovery should allow researchers to identify novel therapeutics for diseases that affect the liver.

The protocol presented here describes a platform for identifying small molecules for the treatment of liver disease. A step-by-step description is presented detailing how to differentiate iPSCs into cells with hepatocyte characteristics in 96-well plates, and to use the cells to screen for small molecules with potential therapeutic activity.

À l’aide de l’homme induit des hépatocytes-comme dérivé de cellules souches pluripotentes for Drug Discovery

The ability to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) provides new opportunities to study inborn ...