אנו מודים לד&quot;ר גרנט סאמידה לקריאה ביקורתית של כתב היד. עבודה זו נתמכה על ידי פרס החוקר הצעיר Beckman (ש&quot;י), משפחה חדשה הלמן הפקולטה פרס (ש&quot;י), EUREKA-NIH, מאוניברסיטת קליפורניה לחקר הסרטן ועדת התיאום.

<ol>
	<li>Shih, W., Yamada, S., Myosin, . <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+dependent+retrograde+flow+drives+3D+cell+migration.">A dependent retrograde flow drives 3D cell migration.</a> Biophys. J. 98 (8), L29-L31 (2010).</li><li>O'Brien, L. E., Yu, W., Tang, K., Jou, T. S., Zegers, M. M., Mostov, K. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Morphological+and+biochemical+analysis+of+Rac1+in+three-dimensional+epithelial+cell+cultures.">Morphological and biochemical analysis of Rac1 in three-dimensional epithelial cell cultures.</a> Methods Enzymol. 406, 676-691 (2006).</li><li>Legant, W. R., Miller, J. S., Blakely, B. L., Cohen, D. M., Genin, G. M., Chen, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+mechanical+tractions+exerted+by+cells+in+three-dimensional+matrices.">Measurement of mechanical tractions exerted by cells in three-dimensional matrices.</a> Nat. Methods. 7 (12), 969-971 (2010).</li><li>Del Alamo, J. C., Meili, R., Alonso-Latorre, B., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, J., Aliseda, A., Firtel, R. A., Lasheras, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatio-temporal+analysis+of+eurkaryotic+cell+motility+by+improved+force+cytometry.">Spatio-temporal analysis of eurkaryotic cell motility by improved force cytometry.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (33), 13343-13348 (2007).</li><li>Lippincott-Schwartz, J., Snapp, E., Kenworthy, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studying+protein+dynamics+in+living+cells.">Studying protein dynamics in living cells.</a> Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2 (6), 444-456 (2001).</li><li>Phair, R. D., Misteli, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinetic+modeling+approaches+to+in+vivo+imaging.">Kinetic modeling approaches to in vivo imaging.</a> Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2 (12), 898-907 (2001).</li><li>Giepmans, B. N., Adams, S. R., Ellisman, M. H., Tsien, R. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescent+toolbox+for+assessing+protein+location+and+function.">Fluorescent toolbox for assessing protein location and function.</a> Science. 312 (5771), 217-224 (2006).</li><li>Shaner, N. C., Steinbach, P. A., Tsien, R. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+guide+to+choosing+fluorescent+proteins.">A guide to choosing fluorescent proteins.</a> Nat. Methods. 2, 905-909 (2005).</li><li>Cukierman, E., Pankov, R., Stevens, D. R., Yamada, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Taking+cell-matrix+adhesions+to+the+third+dimension.">Taking cell-matrix adhesions to the third dimension.</a> Science. 294 (5547), 1708-1712 (2001).</li></ol>

אין ניגודי אינטרסים הכריז.

כאן אנו מתארים שיטה לשימוש לחיות תאים הדמיה ללמוד את המכניזם של נדידת תאים במטריצה ​​תלת מימדי. ההצלחה של טכניקה זו תלויה בהשגת &quot;טוב&quot; שיבוטים ביציבות להביע GFP-tagged חלבונים. רמה נמוכה של חלבון ה-GFP ידרוש חשיפה עירור עודף פשרות בריאות התא, ואילו רמה גבוהה מדי של GFP יה...

<table border="1" style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><tbody><tr><td> שם מגיב </td><td> חברה </td><td> מספר קטלוגי </td><td> תגובות </td></tr><tr><td> קולגן, שור, סוג I </td><td> BD Biosciences </td><td> 354231 </td><td> מלאי הוא כ 3 מ&quot;ג / מ&quot;ל </td></tr><tr><td> 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane </td><td> סיגמא אולדריץ&#39; </td><td> 281778 </td><td> מדולל במים </td></tr><tr><td> glutaraldehyde </td><td> סיגמא אולדריץ&#39; </td><td> 340855 </td><td> מדולל ב PBS </td></tr><tr><td> 1M Hepes </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> 15630-080 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Fluospheres פוליסטירן microspheres 1 מיקרומטר, אדום פלואורסצנטי (580/605) </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> F13083 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Geneticin (G418) </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> 11811-031 </td><td></td></tr&gt; <tr><td colspan="4"> תרבות התקשורת מרכיבים: </td></tr><tr><td> DMEM </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> 31600-034 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> סרום שור עוברית </td><td> אטלנטה הביולוגיים </td><td> S115500 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> פניצילין / סטרפטומיצין </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> 15140-122 </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> Kanamycin </td><td> Invitrogen </td><td> 15160-054 </td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

live-cell imaging of migrating cells expressing fluorescently-tagged proteins in a three-dimensional matrix

באופן מסורתי, נדידת תאים נחקרה על דו מימדי, משטחי פלסטיק נוקשה. עם זאת, במהלך תהליכים ביולוגיים חשובים כגון ריפוי פצעים, התחדשות רקמות, גרורות סרטן, התאים חייבים לנווט רקמות מורכבות תלת ממדי, תאית. כדי להבין טוב יותר את המנגנונים מאחורי אלה תהליכים ביולוגיים, חשוב לבחון את תפקידם של החלבונים האחראיים על נהיגה נדידת תאים. כאן, אנו מתאר פרוטוקול ללמוד את המכניזם של נדידת תאים באמצעות שורת תאים אפיתל (MDCK), וכן תלת ממדי, סיבי, עצמית polymerizing מטריקס כמערכת מודל. זה תאי מטריקס ברור אופטית ניתנת בקלות לחיות תאים לימודי הדמיה טוב יותר מחקה את הסביבה הפיזיולוגית, רקמות רכות. דו&quot;ח זה מדגים טכניקה ישירות חזותי לוקליזציה חלבון דינמיקה, ו דפורמציה של מטריקס תלת ממדי שמסביב. בחינהביעור לוקליזציה של חלבונים ודינמיקה במהלך תהליכים תאיים מספק תובנה מפתח לתוך פונקציות חלבון. תגי פלורסנט מקודדים גנטית לספק שיטה ייחודית התבוננות לוקליזציה חלבון ודינמיקה. באמצעות טכניקה זו, אנו יכולים לנתח את הצטברות subcellular של מפתח, כוח להפקת רכיבים cytoskeletal בזמן אמת כמו תמרונים התא באמצעות המטריצה. בנוסף, באמצעות תגי פלורסנט עם מספר אורכי גל שונים, אנו יכולים לבחון את לוקליזציה של חלבונים רבים בו זמנית, ובכך מאפשר לנו לבחון, למשל, אם חלבונים שונים יש תפקידים דומים או מסתעף. יתר על כן, הדינמיקה של החלבונים המתויגים fluorescently ניתן לכמת באמצעות שחזור פלורסנט לאחר photobleaching (FRAP) ניתוח. זה מבחני המדידה ניידות חלבון ואיך קשור ביציבות החלבונים הם לרשת cytoskeletal. על ידי שילוב של תאים חיים הדמיה בטיפול של מעכבי תפקוד החלבון,אנו יכולים לבחון בזמן אמת את השינויים בהתפלגות של חלבונים מורפולוגיה של תאים נודדים. יתר על כן, אנו משלבים גם לחיות תאים הדמיה עם שימוש של חלקיקים נותב פלורסנט מוטבע בתוך המטריצה ​​כדי להמחיש את העיוות מטריקס במהלך נדידת תאים. לפיכך, אנו יכולים לדמיין כיצד תא נודדות מפיצה כוח להפקת חלבונים, שבו כוחות המתיחה הם הפעילו את המטריצה ​​שמסביב. באמצעות טכניקות אלה, אנו יכולים לקבל תובנה חשובה התפקידים של חלבונים ספציפיים תרומתם המנגנונים של נדידת תאים.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Live-cell Imaging of Migrating Cells Expressing Fluorescently-tagged Proteins in a Three-dimensional Matrix at JoVE.com

Live-cell Imaging of Migrating Cells Expressing Fluorescently-tagged Proteins in a Three-dimensional Matrix

תהליכים תאיים כגון נדידת תאים מסורתי נחקרו על דו מימדי, משטחי פלסטיק נוקשה. דו&quot;ח זה מתאר טכניקה ישירות חזותי לוקליזציה חלבון וניתוח הדינמיקה חלבון בתאי נודדות בתוך מטריצה ​​יותר רלוונטי מבחינה פיזיולוגית תלת מימדי,.

Live-תא הדמיה של תאים מעבר הבעת חלבונים fluorescently-מתויג מטריקס תלת מימדי

Traditionally, cell migration has been studied on two-dimensional, stiff plastic surfaces. However, during important biological processes such as wound ...

live-cell-imaging-migrating-cells-expressing-fluorescently-tagged

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

13.1K Views.  University of California, Davis. תהליכים תאיים כגון נדידת תאים מסורתי נחקרו על דו מימדי, משטחי פלסטיק נוקשה. דו"ח זה מתאר טכניקה ישירות חזותי לוקליזציה חלבון וניתוח הדינמיקה חלבון בתאי נודדות בתוך מטריצה ​​יותר רלוונטי מבחינה פיזיולוגית תלת מימדי,.

Video: Live-cell Imaging of Migrating Cells Expressing Fluorescently-tagged Proteins in a Three-dimensional Matrix

Analyzing In Vivo Cell Migration using Cell Transplantations and Time-lapse Imaging in Zebrafish Embryos

Cell migration is key to many physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer metastasis. The cellular and molecular bases of cell migration have been thoroughly analyzed in vitro. However, in vivo cell migration somehow differs from in vitro migration, and has proven more difficult to analyze, being less accessible to direct observation and manipulation. This protocol uses the migration of the prospective prechordal plate in the early zebrafish embryo as a model system to study the function of candidate genes in cell migration. Prechordal plate progenitors form a group of cells which, during gastrulation, undergoes a directed migration from the embryonic organizer to the animal pole of the embryo. The proposed protocol uses cell transplantation to create mosaic embryos. This offers the combined advantages of labeling isolated cells, which is key to good imaging, and of limiting gain/loss of function effects to the observed cells, hence ensuring cell-autonomous effects. We describe here how we assessed the function of the TORC2 component Sin1 in cell migration, but the protocol can be used to analyze the function of any candidate gene in controlling cell migration in vivo.

Analyzing In Vivo Cell Migration using Cell Transplantations and Time-lapse Imaging in Zebrafish Embryos

Combining cell transplantation, cytoskeletal labeling and loss/gain of function approaches, this protocol describes how the migrating zebrafish prospective prechordal plate can be used to analyze the function of a candidate gene in in vivo cell migration.

ניתוח<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; נדידת תאים באמצעות השתלות תא והדמיה זמן לשגות עוברי דג הזברה

Cell migration is key to many physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer metastasis. The cellular and molecular bases of cell migration ...

Developmental Biology

Modeling and Imaging 3-Dimensional Collective Cell Invasion

A defining characteristic of cancer malignancy is invasion and metastasis 1. In some cancers (e.g. glioma 2), local invasion into surrounding healthy tissue is the root cause of disease and death. For other cancers (e.g. breast, lung, etc.), it is the process of metastasis, in which tumor cells move from a primary tumor mass, colonize distal sites and ultimately contribute to organ failure, that eventually leads to morbidity and mortality 3. It has been estimated that invasion and metastasis are responsible for 90&#37; of cancer deaths 4. As a result, there has been intense interest in identifying the molecular processes and critical protein mediators of invasion and metastasis for the purposes of improving diagnosis and treatment 5.
A challenge for cancer scientists is to develop invasion assays that sufficiently resemble the in vivo situation to enable accurate disease modeling 6. Two-dimensional cell motility assays are only informative about one aspect of invasion and do not take into account extracellular matrix (ECM) protein remodeling which is also a critical element. Recently, research has refined our understanding of tumor cell invasion and revealed that individual cells may move by elongated or rounded modes 7. In addition, there has been greater appreciation of the contribution of collective invasion, in which cells invade in strands, sheets and clusters, particularly in highly differentiated tumors that maintain epithelial characteristics, to the spread of cancer 8.
We present a refined method 9 for examining the contributions of candidate proteins to collective invasion 10. In particular, by engineering separate pools of cells to express different fluorescent proteins, it is possible to molecularly dissect the activities and proteins required in leading cells versus those required in following cells. The use of RNAi provides the molecular tool to experimentally disassemble the processes involved in individual cell invasion as well as in different positions of collective invasion. In this procedure, mixtures of fluorescently-labeled cells are plated on the bottom of a Transwell insert previously filled with Matrigel ECM protein, then allowed to invade "upwards" through the filter and into the Matrigel. Reconstruction of z-series image stacks, obtained by confocal imaging, into three-dimensional representations allows for visualization of collectively invading strands and analysis of the representation of fluorescently-labeled cells in leading versus following positions.

Models of tumor cell invasion into three-dimensional extracellular matrix better reflect the in vivo situation than two-dimensional motility assays. Using matrix invasion assays combined with confocal imaging of fluorescently-labeled cells, detailed information on invasion modes and the distinct contributions of leading versus following cells can be obtained.

מידול והדמיה 3-Dimensional Cell קיבוציים Invasion

A defining characteristic of cancer malignancy is invasion and metastasis 1. In some cancers (e.g. glioma 2), local invasion into surrounding healthy ...

Medicine

Creating Adhesive and Soluble Gradients for Imaging Cell Migration with Fluorescence Microscopy

Cells can sense and migrate towards higher concentrations of adhesive cues such as the glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix and soluble cues such as growth factors. Here, we outline a method to create opposing gradients of adhesive and soluble cues in a microfluidic chamber, which is compatible with live cell imaging. A copolymer of poly-L-lysine and polyethylene glycol (PLL-PEG) is employed to passivate glass coverslips and prevent non-specific adsorption of biomolecules and cells. Next, microcontact printing or dip pen lithography are used to create tracks of streptavidin on the passivated surfaces to serve as anchoring points for the biotinylated peptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) as the adhesive cue. A microfluidic device is placed onto the modified surface and used to create the gradient of adhesive cues (100% RGD to 0% RGD) on the streptavidin tracks. Finally, the same microfluidic device is used to create a gradient of a chemoattractant such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), as the soluble cue in the opposite direction of the gradient of adhesive cues.

A method for the assembly of adhesive and soluble gradients in a microscopy chamber for live cell migration studies is described. The engineered environment combines antifouling surfaces and adhesive tracks with solution gradients and therefore allows one to determine the relative importance of guidance cues.

יצירת Gradients הדבק והמסיס לנדידת תאי דימות באמצעות מיקרוסקופ פלואורסצנטי

Cells can sense and migrate towards higher concentrations of adhesive cues such as the glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix and soluble cues such as ...

A Simple Migration/Invasion Workflow Using an Automated Live-cell Imager

Cancer cell mobility is crucial for the initiation of metastasis. Therefore, investigation of the cell movement and invasive capacity is of great significance. Migration assays provide basic insight of cell movement at a 2D level, whereas invasion assays are more physiologically relevant, mimicking in vivo cancer cell dislodgment from the original site and invading through the extracellular matrix. The current protocol provides a single workflow for migration and invasion assays. Together with the integrated automated microscopic camera for real-time HD images and built-in analysis module, it gives researchers a time-efficient, simple and reproducible experimental option. This protocol also includes substitutions for the consumables and alternative analysis methods for users to choose from.

The current protocol describes an integrated method investigating cancer cell migration and invasion on a single platform in real-time, providing an easily reproducible and time-efficient option to study cell mobility and morphology.

זרימת עבודה פשוטה הגירה/הפלישה באמצעות Imager אוטומטיות של תאים חיים

Cancer cell mobility is crucial for the initiation of metastasis. Therefore, investigation of the cell movement and invasive capacity is of great ...

Cancer Research

Real-time Live Imaging of T-cell Signaling Complex Formation

Protection against infectious diseases is mediated by the immune system 1,2. T lymphocytes are the master coordinators of the immune system, regulating the activation and responses of multiple immune cells 3,4. T-cell activation is dependent on the recognition of specific antigens displayed by antigen presenting cells (APCs). The T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) is specific to each T-cell clone and determines antigen specificity 5. The binding of the TCR to the antigen induces the phosphorylation of components of the TCR complex. In order to promote T-cell activation, this signal must be transduced from the membrane to the cytoplasm and the nucleus, initiating various crucial responses such as recruitment of signaling proteins to the TCR;APC site (the immune synapse), their molecular activation, cytoskeletal rearrangement, elevation of intracellular calcium concentration, and changes in gene expression 6,7. The correct initiation and termination of activating signals is crucial for appropriate T-cell responses. The activity of signaling proteins is dependent on the formation and termination of protein-protein interactions, post translational modifications such as protein phosphorylation, formation of protein complexes, protein ubiquitylation and the recruitment of proteins to various cellular sites 8. Understanding the inner workings of the T-cell activation process is crucial for both immunological research and clinical applications.
Various assays have been developed in order to investigate protein-protein interactions; however, biochemical assays, such as the widely used co-immunoprecipitation method, do not allow protein location to be discerned, thus precluding the observation of valuable insights into the dynamics of cellular mechanisms. Additionally, these bulk assays usually combine proteins from many different cells that might be at different stages of the investigated cellular process. This can have a detrimental effect on temporal resolution. The use of real-time imaging of live cells allows both the spatial tracking of proteins and the ability to temporally distinguish between signaling events, thus shedding light on the dynamics of the process 9,10. We present a method of real-time imaging of signaling-complex formation during T-cell activation. Primary T-cells or T-cell lines, such as Jurkat, are transfected with plasmids encoding for proteins of interest fused to monomeric fluorescent proteins, preventing non-physiological oligomerization 11. Live T cells are dropped over a coverslip pre-coated with T-cell activating antibody 8,9, which binds to the CD3/TCR complex, inducing T-cell activation while overcoming the need for specific activating antigens. Activated cells are constantly imaged with the use of confocal microscopy. Imaging data are analyzed to yield quantitative results, such as the colocalization coefficient of the signaling proteins.

We describe a live-cell imaging method that provides insight into protein dynamics during the T-cell activation process. We demonstrate the combined usage of the T-cell spreading assay, confocal microscopy and imaging analysis to yield quantitative results to follow signaling complex formation throughout T-cell activation.

הדמית חיה בזמן אמת של T-תא איתות גיבוש קומפלקס

Protection against infectious diseases is mediated by the immune system 1,2. T lymphocytes are the master coordinators of the immune system, regulating ...

Immunology and Infection

Analysis of Cell Migration within a Three-dimensional Collagen Matrix

The ability to migrate is a hallmark of various cell types and plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including&#160;embryonic development, wound healing, and immune responses. However, cell migration is also a key mechanism in cancer enabling these cancer cells to detach from the primary tumor to start metastatic spreading. Within the past years various cell migration assays have been developed to analyze the migratory behavior of different cell types. Because the locomotory behavior of cells markedly differs between a two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) environment it can be assumed that the analysis of the migration of cells that are embedded within a 3D environment would yield in more significant cell migration data. The advantage of the described 3D collagen matrix migration assay is that cells are embedded within a physiological 3D network of collagen fibers representing the major component of the extracellular matrix. Due to time-lapse video microscopy real cell migration is measured allowing the determination of several migration parameters as well as their alterations in response to pro-migratory factors or inhibitors. Various cell types could be analyzed using this technique, including lymphocytes/leukocytes, stem cells, and tumor cells. Likewise, also cell clusters or spheroids could be embedded within the collagen matrix concomitant with analysis of the emigration of single cells from the cell cluster/ spheroid into the collagen lattice. We conclude that the 3D collagen matrix migration assay is a versatile method to analyze the migration of cells within a physiological-like 3D environment.

Cell migration is a biological phenomenon that is involved in a plethora of physiological, such as wound healing and immune responses, and pathophysiological processes, like cancer. The 3D-collagen matrix migration assay is a versatile tool to analyze the migratory properties of different cell types within in a 3D physiological-like environment.

ניתוח של נדידת תאים בתוך קולגן מטריקס תלת ממדי

The ability to migrate is a hallmark of various cell types and plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including&#160;embryonic ...

Revealing the Cytoskeletal Organization of Invasive Cancer Cells in 3D

Cell migration has traditionally been studied in 2D substrates. However, it has become increasingly evident that there is a need to study cell migration in more appropriate 3D environments, which better resemble the dimensionality of the physiological processes in question. Migratory cells can substantially differ in their morphology and mode of migration depending on whether they are moving on 2D or 3D substrates. Due to technical difficulties and incompatibilities with most standard protocols, structural and functional analysis of cells embedded within 3D matrices still remains uncommon. This article describes methods for preparation and imaging of 3D cancer cell cultures, either as single cells or spheroids. As an appropriate ECM substrate for cancer cell migration, we use nonpepsinized rat tail collagen I polymerized at room-temperature and fluorescently labeled to facilitate visualization using standard confocal microscopes. This work also includes a protocol for 3D immunofluorescent labeling of endogenous cell cytoskeleton. Using these protocols we hope to contribute to a better description of the molecular composition, localization, and functions of cellular structures in 3D.

This article presents a method to fluorescently label collagen that can be further used for both fix and live imaging of 3D cell cultures. We also provide an optimized protocol to visualize endogenous cytoskeletal proteins of cells cultured in 3D environments.

חושף את ארגון cytoskeletal של תאי סרטן פולשני ב-3D

Cell migration has traditionally been studied in 2D substrates. However, it has become increasingly evident that there is a need to study cell migration ...

Concentric Gel System to Study the Biophysical Role of Matrix Microenvironment on 3D Cell Migration

The ability of cells to migrate is crucial in a wide variety of cell functions throughout life&#160;from embryonic development and wound healing&#160;to tumor and cancer metastasis. Despite intense research efforts, the basic biochemical and biophysical principles of cell migration are still not fully understood, especially in the physiologically relevant three-dimensional (3D) microenvironments. Here, we describe an in vitro assay designed to allow quantitative examination of 3D cell migration behaviors. The method exploits the cell&#8217;s mechanosensing ability and propensity to migrate into previously unoccupied extracellular matrix (ECM). We use the invasion of highly invasive breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231, in collagen gels as a model system. The spread of cell population and the migration dynamics of individual cells over weeks of culture can be monitored using live-cell imaging and analyzed to extract spatiotemporally-resolved data. Furthermore, the method is easily adaptable for diverse extracellular matrices, thus offering a simple yet powerful way to investigate the role of biophysical factors in the microenvironment on cell migration.

The mechanical properties and microstructure of the extracellular matrix strongly affect 3D migration of cells. An in vitro method to study the spatiotemporal cell migration behavior in biophysically variable environments, at both population and individual cell levels, is described.

מערכת ג&#39;ל קונצנטריים כדי ללמוד את תפקיד Biophysical של מטריקס מייקרו-סביבה על נדידת תאי 3D

The ability of cells to migrate is crucial in a wide variety of cell functions throughout life&#160;from embryonic development and wound healing&#160;to ...

Live-3D-Cell Immunocytochemistry Assays of Pediatric Diffuse Midline Glioma

Cell migration and invasion are specific hallmarks of Diffuse Midline Glioma (DMG) H3K27M-mutant tumors. We have already modeled these features using three-dimensional (3D) cell-based invasion and migration assays. In this study, we have optimized these 3D assays for live-cell immunocytochemistry. An Antibody Labeling Reagent was used to detect in real-time the expression of the adhesion molecule CD44, on the plasma membrane of migrating and invading cells of a DMG H3K27M primary patient-derived cell line. CD44 is associated with cancer stem cell phenotype and tumor cell migration and invasion and is involved in the direct interactions with the central nervous system (CNS) extracellular matrix. Neurospheres (NS) from the DMG H3K27M cell line were embedded into the basal membrane matrix (BMM) or placed onto a thin coating layer of BMM, in the presence of an anti-CD44 antibody in conjunction with the antibody labeling reagent (ALR). The live-3D-cell immunocytochemistry image analysis was performed on a live-cell analysis instrument to quantitatively measure the overall CD44 expression, specifically on the migrating and invading cells. The method also allows visualizing in real-time the intermittent expression of CD44 on the plasma membrane of migrating and invading cells. Moreover, the assay also provided new insights into the potential role of CD44 in the mesenchymal to amoeboid transition in DMG H3K27M cells.

This study presents a protocol of live-3D-cell immunocytochemistry applied to a pediatric diffuse midline glioma cell line, useful to study in real-time the expression of proteins on the plasma membrane during dynamic processes like 3D cell invasion and migration.

בדיקות אימונוציטוכימיה של תאים תלת-ממדיים חיים של גליומה מפושטת בקו האמצע בילדים

Cell migration and invasion are specific hallmarks of Diffuse Midline Glioma (DMG) H3K27M-mutant tumors. We have already modeled these features using ...

Light-sheet Microscopy for Three-dimensional Visualization of Human Immune Cells

In vivo, activation, proliferation, and function of immune cells all occur in a three-dimensional (3D) environment, for instance in lymph nodes or tissues. Up to date, most in vitro systems rely on two-dimensional (2D) surfaces, such as cell-culture plates or coverslips. To optimally mimic physiological conditions in vitro, we utilize a simple 3D collagen matrix. Collagen is one of the major components of extracellular matrix (ECM) and has been widely used to constitute 3D matrices. For 3D imaging, the recently developed light-sheet microscopy technology (also referred to as single plane illumination microscopy) is featured with high acquisition speed, large penetration depth, low bleaching, and photocytotoxicity. Furthermore, light-sheet microscopy is particularly advantageous for long-term measurement. Here we describe an optimized protocol how to set up and handle human immune cells, e.g. primary human cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells in the 3D collagen matrix for usage with the light-sheet microscopy for live cell imaging and fixed samples. The procedure for image acquisition and analysis of cell migration are presented. A particular focus is given to highlight critical steps and factors for sample preparation and data analysis. This protocol can be employed for other types of suspension cells in a 3D collagen matrix and is not limited to immune cells.

Here, we present a protocol to visualize immune cells embedded in a three-dimensional (3D) collagen matrix using light-sheet microscopy. This protocol also elaborates how to track cell migration in 3D. This protocol can be employed for other types of suspension cells in the 3D matrix.

Live-תא הדמיה של תאים מעבר הבעת חלבונים fluorescently-מתויג מטריקס תלת מימדי

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