Name: live cell imaging of primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes following adenoviral and lentiviral transduction using confocal spinning disk microscopy
Uploaded: 2014-06-24T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 13 min 36 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Live Cell Imaging of Primary Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Following Adenoviral and Lentiviral Transduction Using Confocal Spinning Disk Microscopy at JoVE.com

We would like to thank Dr. Alengo Nyamay'antu and Dr. Ilse Timmerman for their advices about lentiviral packaging. This work is supported by an American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant 10SDG4170137.

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

cardiomyocytes העיקרי מבודדת מחולדות בילוד כבר מזמן משמש ללמוד פונקציות cardiomyocyte במבחנה. פרוטוקול זה מתאר שיטה לבידוד של שריר לב בילוד מגורי חולדה בשיטת עיכול אנזים שני שלבים, לעכל ראשון עם O טריפסין / N ב 4 ° C ולאחר מכן collagenase מטוהר. אחד יתרונות של העסקת צעד collagenase מטוהר הו?...

שריר לב בילוד חולדה עיקרי כבר מזמן משמש לחקירת תפקוד cardiomyocyte במבחנה 1. הם קלים לבודד מגורי חולדה על ידי מספר שיטות מבוססות היטב 2-4. השיטה הנפוצה ביותר מעסיקה collagenase או טריפסין לעיכול רקמת חיבור של הלב לפני בידוד תא. גם חוקרים פיתחו שיטות לבידוד שריר לב ממכרסמים בוגרים 5-8, כמו גם עכברי יילודי 9,10. פרוטוקול זה מתאר שיטה לבידוד שריר לב מגורי חולדה ילודים, העסקת הליך עיכול אנזים שני שלבים. טריפסין משמש ראשון O / N ב 4 ° C, ולאחר מכן collagenase מטוהר ב 37 ° C. דגירה של רקמת הלב עם O טריפסין / N ב 4 ° C מפחיתה את הצעדים הדרושים לתאי קציר בהשוואה לשיטות באמצעות incubations הרציף בפתרון אנזים חם 2. בנוסף, באמצעות שיתוף מטוהרllagenase ולא אנזימים גולמיים, ניתן לבטל את שונות הרבה להרבה, ובכך לספק שחזור משופר. מחקרים תפקודיים של חלבון מסוים לעתים קרובות להעסיק מערכת ביטוי חלבונים באמצעות adenovirus 11-13 ו / או 14-16 lentivirus. [הערה אזהרה] הייצור והמניפולציה הנגיפי צריכים להתבצע על פי הנחיות NIH. Adenovirus לא להשתלב בגנום המארח. יש לו יעילות גבוהה מאוד של התמרה ברוב סוגי תאים, כוללים תאים להתחלק ותאים שאינם מתחלקים, כמו גם תאים ראשוניים ושורות תאים הוקמו. זה הופך את adenovirus וקטור אמין על ביטוי גנים. רמות גבוהה של החלבון המקודד על ידי וקטור אדנו להתפתח בתוך 48 שעות הבאות התמרה, והם יכולים להימשך מספר שבועות 17. עם זאת, חסרון אחד לשימוש adenovirus לביטוי חלבון הוא כי הפיתוח של ADE רקומביננטיnovirus הוא גם מסובך וגוזל זמן. חסרון זה מסביר באופן חלקי מדוע חוקרים רבים היו פונים לlentiviruses לביטוי גני רקומביננטי. בניגוד למבני adenoviral, יצירת מבנה lentiviral היא מהירה וקל. למרות שיש לי lentiviruses בדרך כלל יעילות נמוכה יותר של התמרה מ adenoviruses, הן בתאים מתחלקים ולא החלוקה, הם להשתלב בגנום המארח. כתוצאה מכך, הביטוי של גן transduced הוא יציב יותר לlentiviruses מאשר לadenoviruses. בשל התקדמות טכנולוגית בתחום של מיקרוסקופיה, זה הרבה יותר קל ללכוד תמונות תא חיות של תאים לבטא חלבונים רקומביננטיים. זה נכון גם במהירויות שיעור וידאו של רכישה. זה מאפשר לחוקר כדי לקבוע כיצד שינויים מסוימים בחלבון של עניין מבחינה תפקודית להשפיע על התאים בזמן אמת. יש מיקרוסקופ confocal הדיסק מסתובב במספר תכונות שהופכים אותו טכניקה אופטימלית לליבתא דואר ההדמיה 18,19. הדיסק מסתובב Yokogawa מאפשר רכישת תמונה מהירה הרבה יותר, ואילו באותו הזמן ניצול הרבה פחות כוח מאשר לייזר המיקרוסקופים confocal סריקת נקודה. שתי תכונות מיוחדות אלה בשל דיסק ספינינג, המכיל חורי confocal רבים שדרכו הלייזר עובר בו זמנית לדגימות. במהלך רכישה, הדיסק עצמו מסתובב במהירות וברציפות 18-20. על ידי שימוש במערכת פוקוס אוטומטי של המיקרוסקופ, פוקוס יציב נשמר על פני תקופות זמן ארוכות. הדבר מאפשר לחוקרים לקחת תמונות תא חיות ממוקדות היטב. תמונות שנרכשו הם שיחקו בחזרה כקובץ סרט. התמונות נותחו באמצעות תוכנת ניתוח תמונה כגון 21,22 ImageJ, פיג&#39;י 23, או תוכנה זמינה באופן מסחרי אחרת.

<table><tbody><tr><td>1 Scissors for decapitation</td><td>WPI</td><td>501749</td><td>Autoclave before use</td></tr><tr><td>1 Fine scissors for heart isolation and chopping</td><td>WPI</td><td>14393</td><td>Autoclave before use</td></tr><tr><td>2 Fine forceps (Dumont No. 5)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>F6521</td><td>Autoclave before use</td></tr><tr><td>3 Sterilized 10 cm plastic dishes</td><td>Sigma</td><td>CLS430165</td><td>For heart isolation</td></tr><tr><td>3.5 cm Glass bottom culture dishes</td><td>MatTek</td><td>P35G-1.5-20-C</td><td>For final plating of cardiomyocytes for future live cell imaging. Micro-Dishes from ibidi are an acceptable alternative.</td></tr><tr><td>3.5 cm Glass bottom culture dishes</td><td>MatTek</td><td>P35G-0.17-14-C</td><td>For TIRF or high resolution image</td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol solution, 70% (v/v) in water</td><td>Sigma</td><td>E7148</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2% Gelatin</td><td>Sigma</td><td>G1393</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1 Sterilized 10 cm plastic dish</td><td>Sigma</td><td>CLS430165</td><td>For trypsinization</td></tr><tr><td>Aluminium foil</td><td>Any brand</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Parafilm</td><td>Sigma</td><td>P7543</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Two 10 cm plastic cell culture dish</td><td>Sigma</td><td>CLS430165</td><td>For selection</td></tr><tr><td>Autopipette</td><td>Drummond Scientific</td><td>4-000-300</td><td>For trituration</td></tr><tr><td>Cell counter</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cellometer, automated cell counter</td><td>nexcelom</td><td></td><td>To check and count cells</td></tr><tr><td>Microscope and hematocytometer</td><td>Any brand</td><td></td><td>To check and count cells</td></tr><tr><td>Trypan blue solution, 0.4%</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>15250-061</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; incubator</td><td>Sanyo</td><td>MCO-19AIC</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Incubating orbital shaker</td><td>Sigma</td><td>Z673129</td><td>To shake heart tissue with collagenase at 37 &amp;deg;C at 170-200 rpm</td></tr><tr><td>10 mg/ml BrdU solution</td><td>BD Pharmingen</td><td>550891</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DMEM, high glucose</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>41965039</td><td>Mix medium as indicated in the protocol and warm before use</td></tr><tr><td>MEM</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>31095029</td><td>Mix medium as indicated in the protocol and warm before use</td></tr><tr><td>Fetal bovine serum</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>26140079</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin-streptomycin (10,000 U/ml)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>15140-122</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Section 2 Lentiviral transduction</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3 Packaging plasmids</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>pMDLg/pRRE</td><td>Addgene</td><td>12251</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>pRSV-Rev</td><td>Addgene</td><td>12253</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>pMD2.G</td><td>Addgene</td><td>12259</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>The lentiviral transfer vector, pLVX-IRES-Puro</td><td>Clontech</td><td>632183</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Opti-MEM (serum-free medium)</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>31985070</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Transfection reagent</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>polyethyleneimine&amp;ldquo;Max&amp;rdquo;, (MW 40,000) - High Potency Linear PEI (Equivalent to Mw 25,000 in Free Base Form)&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Polysciences</td><td>24765-2</td><td>It can be substituted with X-tremeGENE 9 from Roche</td></tr><tr><td>X-tremeGENE 9</td><td>Roche</td><td>6365779001</td><td>substitute for PEI as transfection reagent</td></tr><tr><td>Chloroquine</td><td>Sigma</td><td>C6628</td><td>Dissolve in water and make 100 mM stock solution. Inhibition of endosomal acidification can be achieved with 10-100 &amp;mu;M Chloroquine.</td></tr><tr><td>HEPES</td><td>Sigma</td><td>H3375</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>10 ml Luer-Lok syringe, sterilized</td><td>BD</td><td>309604</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>0.45 &amp;mu;m filters</td><td>Sigma</td><td>F8677</td><td>Use only cellulose acetate or polyethersulfone (PES) (low protein binding) filters. Do not use nitrocellulose filters. Nitrocellulose binds surface proteins on the lentiviral envelope and destroys the virus.</td></tr><tr><td>Hexadimethrine bromide</td><td>Sigma</td><td>H9268</td><td>Dissolve in water and make 8 mg/ml stock solution, then filter it to sterilize.</td></tr><tr><td>Polyethylene glycol 6,000</td><td>Sigma</td><td>81260</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium chloride</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S9888</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium hydroxide</td><td>Sigma</td><td>S5881</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Section 3 Adenoviral transduction</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>HEK 293T cells</td><td>ATCC</td><td>CRL-11268</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Some 10 cm cell culture dishes</td><td>Sigma</td><td>CLS430165</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>96-Well microplate with lid, flat-bottom, tissue culture, sterile</td><td>BD Falcon</td><td>353072</td><td>For titration</td></tr><tr><td>Multichannel pipette, 10-100 &amp;mu;l, 8-channel</td><td>eppendorf</td><td>3122 000.035</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Section 4 Live cell imaging</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Spinning disk confocal microspopy</td><td>PerkinElmer</td><td>L7267000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>A temperature-controlled chamber</td><td>Any brand</td><td></td><td>To keep temperature at 37 &amp;deg;C</td></tr><tr><td>A CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; environmental system</td><td>Any brand</td><td></td><td>Optional to maintain CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentration optimal</td></tr><tr><td>CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Independent medium, no glutamine</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>18045-054&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;</td><td>For long time time-lapse imaging</td></tr><tr><td>DMEM, high glucose, HEPES, no phenol red</td><td>invitrogen</td><td>21063-029</td><td>For long time time-lapse imaging</td></tr></tbody></table>

live cell imaging of primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes following adenoviral and lentiviral transduction using confocal spinning disk microscopy

שריר לב בילוד חולדה העיקרית הם שימושיים בבסיסי במחקר לב וכלי דם במבחנה כי הם יכולים להיות מבודדים בקלות במספרים גדולים בהליך אחד. בשל התקדמות טכנולוגית מיקרוסקופ זה קל יחסית כדי ללכוד תמונות תא חיות לצורך חקירת אירועים הסלולר בזמן אמת בדאגה מינימאלית בנוגע phototoxicity לתאים. פרוטוקול זה מתאר כיצד לקחת תמונות timelapse התא חיות של שריר לב בילוד חולדה העיקרית באמצעות מיקרוסקופ דיסק ספינינג confocal הבא התמרה lentiviral וadenoviral לווסת את המאפיינים של התא. היישום של שני סוגים שונים של וירוסים עושה את זה יותר קל להשיג רמות שיעור התמרה והביטוי הולמות לשני גנים שונים. ניתן לקבל תמונות תא חיות גם התמקדו באמצעות מערכת פוקוס אוטומטי של מיקרוסקופ, אשר שומרת על מיקוד יציב לתקופות זמן ארוכות. יישום שיטה זו, תפקידיו של מהנדס אקסוגניחלבוני ed לידי ביטוי בתאים ראשוניים בתרבית ניתן לנתח. בנוסף, מערכת זו יכולה לשמש כדי לבחון את הפונקציות של גנים באמצעות siRNAs כמו גם של מאפננים כימיים.

כדי להדגים את הטכניקה, EGFP lentivirus קידוד (חלבון פלואורסצנטי ירוק משופר) מתויג Cx43 (connexin43) או Cx43 מוטציה 32 שימש לבטא חלבונים מתויג EGFP בתאים, וקידוד adenovirus FGFR1DN (קולטן לגורם גדילה פיברובלסטים 1 שלילי דומיננטי ) שימש כדי לכבות את איתות FGF בתא 33-35. שלושה ימים לאחר הבידוד...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Live Cell Imaging of Primary Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Following Adenoviral and Lentiviral Transduction Using Confocal Spinning Disk Microscopy at JoVE.com

Live Cell Imaging of Primary Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Following Adenoviral and Lentiviral Transduction Using Confocal Spinning Disk Microscopy

This protocol describes a method of live cell imaging using primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes following lentiviral and adenoviral transduction using confocal spinning disk microscopy. This enables detailed observations of cellular processes in living cardiomyocytes.

ההדמיה של תא חי של ראשוני cardiomyocytes ילודים החולדה בעקבות adenoviral וlentiviral התמרה באמצעות דיסק מסתובב confocal מיקרוסקופית

Primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes are useful in basic in vitro cardiovascular research because they can be easily isolated in large numbers in a single ...

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Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

13.5K Views.  Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Institute of Cell Biology. This protocol describes a method of live cell imaging using primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes following lentiviral and adenoviral transduction using confocal spinning disk microscopy. This enables detailed observations of cellular processes in living cardiomyocytes.

Video: Live Cell Imaging of Primary Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Following Adenoviral and Lentiviral Transduction Using Confocal Spinning Disk Microscopy

Isolation and Cryopreservation of Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes

Cell culture has become increasingly important in cardiac research, but due to the limited proliferation of cardiomyocytes, culturing cardiomyocytes is difficult and time consuming. The most commonly used cells are neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), which require isolation every time cells are needed. The birth of the rats can be unpredictable. Cryopreservation is proposed to allow for cells to be stored until needed, yet freezing/thawing methods for primary cardiomyocytes are challenging due to the sensitivity of the cells. Using the proper cryoprotectant, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), cryopreservation was achieved. By slowly extracting the DMSO while thawing the cells, cultures were obtained with viable NRCMs. NRCM phenotype was verified using immunocytochemistry staining for &#945;-sarcomeric actinin. In addition, cells also showed spontaneous contraction after several days in culture. Cell viability after thawing was acceptable at 40-60%. In spite of this, the methods outlined allow one to easily cryopreserve and thaw NRCMs. This gives researchers a greater amount of flexibility in planning experiments as well as reducing the use of animals.

The isolation of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes is a time consuming and unpredictable procedure. This study describes methods for cryopreservation and thawing of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes that allows for more efficient use of cells. The thawed NRCMs can be used for various experiments without the need for performing isolations each time.

בידוד וCryopreservation של שריר לב עכברוש ילודים

Cell culture has become increasingly important in cardiac research, but due to the limited proliferation of cardiomyocytes, culturing cardiomyocytes is ...

Developmental Biology

Visualization of Cell Cycle Variations and Determination of Nucleation in Postnatal Cardiomyocytes

Cardiomyocytes are prone to variations of the cell cycle, such as endoreduplication (continuing rounds of DNA synthesis without karyokinesis and cytokinesis) and acytokinetic mitosis (karyokinesis but no cytokinesis). Such atypical cell cycle variations result in polyploid and multinucleated cells rather than in cell division. Therefore, to determine cardiac turnover and regeneration, it is of crucial importance to correctly identify cardiomyocyte nuclei, the number of nuclei per cell, and their cell cycle status. This is especially true for the use of nuclear markers for identifying cell cycle activity, such as thymidine analogues Ki-67, PCNA, or pHH3. Here, we present methods for recognizing cardiomyocytes and their nuclearity and for determining their cell cycle activity. We use two published transgenic systems: the Myh6-H2B-mCh transgenic mouse line, for the unequivocal identification of cardiomyocyte nuclei, and the CAG-eGFP-anillin mouse line, for distinguishing cell division from cell cycle variations. Combined together, these two systems ease the study of cardiac regeneration and plasticity.

To distinguish cell division from cell cycle variations in cardiomyocytes, we present protocols using two transgenic mouse lines: Myh6-H2B-mCh transgenic mice, for the unequivocal identification of cardiomyocyte nuclei, and CAG-eGFP-anillin mice, for distinguishing cell division from cell cycle variations.

ויזואליזציה של וריאציות מחזור התא וקביעת נוקלאציה ב אחרי לידה cardiomyocytes

Cardiomyocytes are prone to variations of the cell cycle, such as endoreduplication (continuing rounds of DNA synthesis without karyokinesis and ...

Ex vivo Live Imaging of Single Cell Divisions in Mouse Neuroepithelium

We developed a system that integrates live imaging of fluorescent markers and culturing slices of embryonic mouse neuroepithelium. We took advantage of existing mouse lines for genetic cell lineage tracing: a tamoxifen-inducible Cre line and a Cre reporter line expressing dsRed upon Cre-mediated recombination. By using a relatively low level of tamoxifen, we were able to induce recombination in a small number of cells, permitting us to follow individual cell divisions. Additionally, we observed the transcriptional response to Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling using an Olig2-eGFP transgenic line 1-3 and we monitored formation of cilia by infecting the cultured slice with virus expressing the cilia marker, Sstr3-GFP 4. In order to image the neuroepithelium, we harvested embryos at E8.5, isolated the neural tube, mounted the neural slice in proper culturing conditions into the imaging chamber and performed time-lapse confocal imaging. Our ex vivo live imaging method enables us to trace single cell divisions to assess the relative timing of primary cilia formation and Shh response in a physiologically relevant manner. This method can be easily adapted using distinct fluorescent markers and provides the field the tools with which to monitor cell behavior in situ and in real time.

Ex vivo Live Imaging of Single Cell Divisions in Mouse Neuroepithelium

Here we develop the tools necessary for ex vivo live imaging to trace single cell divisions in the mouse E8.5 neuroepithelium

Ex vivo הדמיה חיה של חלוקות תא יחיד בNeuroepithelium מאוס

We developed a system that integrates live imaging of fluorescent markers and culturing slices of embryonic mouse neuroepithelium. We took advantage of ...

Neuroscience

Isolation and Genetic Manipulation of Adult Cardiac Myocytes for Confocal Imaging

Cardiac myocytes isolated from adult hearts are widely accepted as a model somewhere half way between embryonic and neonatal muscle cells on one side and a working heart on the other. Thus, cardiomyocytes serve as good models for cardiac cellular physiology and pathophysiology, for pharmaceutical investigations as well as for the exploration of transgenic animal models. Here we describe a method of isolating the cells from the heart. Furthermore we show how a genetic manipulation on cardiac myocytes can be performed without breeding a transgenic animal: This is the combination of long term culture (1 week) and adenoviral gene transfer. The latter one is described from the construction of the virus to the transduction of the cells. It can be used for the expression of genetically encoded biosensors (GEBs), fluorescent fusion proteins, but also for protein over expression and down regulation, e.g. using RNAi. Here we provide an example for the expression of a fusion protein staining a subcellular structure (Golgi). Such protein expression can be visualized by confocal imaging of z-stacks for a 3D-reconstruction of subcellular structures. The protocol comprises state-of-the-art in cell culture, molecular biology and biophysics and thus provides an approach for exploring new horizons in cellular cardiology.

Adult cardiac myocytes are primary cells that can be isolated from animal hearts and cultured for several days. Within this culture period adenoviral gene transfer can be used to express genetically encoded biosensors (GEBs) or fluorescent fusion proteins. Both approaches allow cellular investigations by means of confocal microscopy.

בידוד מניפולציה גנטית של Myocytes לב למבוגרים הדמיה confocal

Cardiac myocytes isolated from adult hearts are widely accepted as a model somewhere half way between embryonic and neonatal muscle cells on one side and ...

Ultrasound-guided Transthoracic Intramyocardial Injection in Mice

Murine models of cardiovascular disease are important for investigating pathophysiological mechanisms and exploring potential regenerative therapies. Experiments involving myocardial injection are currently performed by direct surgical access through a thoracotomy. While convenient when performed at the time of another experimental manipulation such as coronary artery ligation, the need for an invasive procedure for intramyocardial delivery limits potential experimental designs. With ever improving ultrasound resolution and advanced noninvasive imaging modalities, it is now feasible to routinely perform ultrasound-guided, percutaneous intramyocardial injection. This modality efficiently and reliably delivers agents to a targeted region of myocardium. Advantages of this technique include the avoidance of surgical morbidity, the facility to target regions of myocardium selectively under ultrasound guidance, and the opportunity to deliver injectate to the myocardium at multiple, predetermined time intervals. With practiced technique, complications from intramyocardial injection are rare, and mice quickly return to normal activity on recovery from anesthetic. Following the steps outlined in this protocol, the operator with basic echocardiography experience can quickly become competent in this versatile, minimally invasive technique.

Echocardiography-guided percutaneous intramyocardial injection represents an efficient, reliable, and targetable modality for the delivery of gene transfer agents or cells into the murine heart. Following the steps outlined in this protocol, the operator can quickly become competent in this versatile, minimally invasive technique.

הזרקת Transthoracic Intramyocardial אולטרסאונד מונחה בעכברים

Murine models of cardiovascular disease are important for investigating pathophysiological mechanisms and exploring potential regenerative therapies. ...

Medicine

Isolation and Culture of Neonatal Mouse Cardiomyocytes

Cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes have long been used to study myofibrillogenesis and myofibrillar functions. Cultured cardiomyocytes allow for easy investigation and manipulation of biochemical pathways, and their effect on the biomechanical properties of spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes.	
The following 2-day protocol describes the isolation and culture of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes. We show how to easily dissect hearts from neonates, dissociate the cardiac tissue and enrich cardiomyocytes from the cardiac cell-population. We discuss the usage of different enzyme mixes for cell-dissociation, and their effects on cell-viability. The isolated cardiomyocytes can be subsequently used for a variety of morphological, electrophysiological, biochemical, cell-biological or biomechanical assays. We optimized the protocol for robustness and reproducibility, by using only commercially available solutions and enzyme mixes that show little lot-to-lot variability. We also address common problems associated with the isolation and culture of cardiomyocytes, and offer a variety of options for the optimization of isolation and culture conditions.

Primary mouse cardiomyocyte cultures are one of the pivotal tools for the investigation of myofibrillar organization and function. The following protocol describes the isolation and culture of primary cardiomyocytes from neonatal mouse hearts. The resulting cardiomyocyte cultures may be subsequently used for a variety of biomechanical, biochemical and cell-biological assays.

בידוד והתרבות של שריר לב עכבר בילוד

Cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes have long been used to study  myofibrillogenesis and myofibrillar functions. Cultured cardiomyocytes allow  for easy ...

שיטת הזרקה איטית זעיר פולשנית חדשנית להפחתת פגיעה ברקמות

A Novel Cell Injection Method with Minimum Invasion

Directly injecting cells into tissues is a necessary process in cell administration and/or replacement therapy. The cell injection requires a sufficient amount of suspension solution to allow the cells to enter the tissue. The volume of the suspension solution affects the tissue, and this can cause major invasive injury as a result of the cell injection. This paper reports on a novel cell injection method, called slow injection, that aims to avoid this injury. However, pushing out the cells from the needle tip requires a sufficiently high injection speed according to Newton's law of shear force. To solve the above contradiction, a non-Newtonian fluid, such as gelatin solution, was used as the cell suspension solution in this work. Gelatins solution have temperature sensitivity, as their form changes from gel to sol at approximately 20 &#176;C. Therefore, to maintain the cell suspension solution in the gel form, the syringe was kept cooled in this protocol; however, once the solution was injected into the body, the body temperature converted it to a sol. The interstitial tissue fluid flow can absorb excess solution. In this work, the slow injection technique allowed cardiomyocyte balls to enter the host myocardium and engraft without surrounding fibrosis. This study employed a slow injection method to inject purified and ball-formed neonatal rat cardiomyocytes into a remote area of myocardial infarction in the adult rat heart. At 2 months following the injection, the hearts of the transplanted groups showed significantly improved contractile function. Furthermore, histological analyses of the slow-injected hearts revealed seamless connections between the host and graft cardiomyocytes via intercalated disks containing gap junction connections. This method could contribute to next-generation cell therapies, particularly in cardiac regenerative medicine.

מחבר זרקור: שיטת הזרקת תאים חדשנית עם מינימום פלישה  

This method eliminates any major invasion during cell injections caused by the cell suspension solution.

שיטת הזרקת תאים חדשנית עם מינימום פלישה

Directly injecting cells into tissues is a necessary process in cell administration and/or replacement therapy. The cell injection requires a sufficient ...

Bioengineering

Time-Lapse Imaging of Neuronal Arborization using Sparse Adeno-Associated Virus Labeling of Genetically Targeted Retinal Cell Populations

Discovering mechanisms that pattern dendritic arbors requires methods to visualize, image, and analyze dendrites during development. The mouse retina is a powerful model system for the investigation of cell type-specific mechanisms of neuronal morphogenesis and connectivity. The organization and composition of retinal subtypes are well-defined, and genetic tools are available to access specific types during development. Many retinal cell types also constrain their dendrites and/or axons to narrow layers, which facilitates time-lapse imaging. Mouse retina explant cultures are well suited for live-cell imaging using confocal or multiphoton microscopy, but methods optimized for imaging dendrite dynamics with temporal and structural resolution are lacking. Presented here is a method to sparsely label and image the development of specific retinal populations marked by the Cre-Lox system. Commercially available adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) used here expressed membrane-targeted fluorescent proteins in a Cre-dependent manner. Intraocular delivery of AAVs in neonatal mice produces fluorescent labeling of targeted cell types by 4-5 days post-injection (dpi). The membrane fluorescent signals are detectable by confocal imaging and resolve fine branch structures and dynamics. High-quality videos spanning 2-4 h are acquired from imaging retinal flat-mounts perfused with oxygenated artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF). Also provided is an image postprocessing pipeline for deconvolution and three-dimensional (3D) drift correction. This protocol can be used to capture several cellular behaviors in the intact retina and to identify novel factors controlling neurite morphogenesis. Many developmental strategies learned in the retina will be relevant for understanding the formation of neural circuits elsewhere in the central nervous system.

Here, we present a method for investigating neurite morphogenesis in postnatal mouse retinal explants by time-lapse confocal microscopy. We describe an approach for sparse labeling and acquisition of retinal cell types and their fine processes using recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors that express membrane-targeted fluorescent proteins in a Cre-dependent manner.

הדמיה בזמן לשגות של arborization עצבי באמצעות תיוג וירוסים דליל אדנו הקשורים של אוכלוסיות תאי רשתית ממוקדים גנטית

Discovering mechanisms that pattern dendritic arbors requires methods to visualize, image, and analyze dendrites during development. The mouse retina is a ...

ההדמיה של תא חי של ראשוני cardiomyocytes ילודים החולדה בעקבות adenoviral וlentiviral התמרה באמצעות דיסק מסתובב confocal מיקרוסקופית

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בידוד וCryopreservation של שריר לב עכברוש ילודים

ויזואליזציה של וריאציות מחזור התא וקביעת נוקלאציה ב אחרי לידה cardiomyocytes

Ex vivo הדמיה חיה של חלוקות תא יחיד בNeuroepithelium מאוס

בידוד מניפולציה גנטית של Myocytes לב למבוגרים הדמיה confocal

הזרקת Transthoracic Intramyocardial אולטרסאונד מונחה בעכברים

בידוד והתרבות של שריר לב עכבר בילוד

שיטת הזרקת תאים חדשנית עם מינימום פלישה

שיטת הזרקת תאים חדשנית עם מינימום פלישה

שיטת הזרקת תאים חדשנית עם מינימום פלישה

הדמיה בזמן לשגות של arborization עצבי באמצעות תיוג וירוסים דליל אדנו הקשורים של אוכלוסיות תאי רשתית ממוקדים גנטית