We would like to thank Dr. Alengo Nyamay'antu and Dr. Ilse Timmerman for their advices about lentiviral packaging. This work is supported by an American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant 10SDG4170137.

<ol>
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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Cardiomiócitos primários isolados de ratos recém-nascidos têm sido usados ​​para estudar as funções de cardiomiócitos in vitro. Este protocolo descreve um método para o isolamento de cardiomiócitos neonatais de filhotes de rato usando um método de digestão enzimática de dois passos, primeiro digestão com tripsina O / N a 4 ° C e, em seguida, colagenase purificada. Uma vantagem de se empregar o passo colagenase purificada é que o mesmo tipo de enzima é utilizado para todos os isolamentos. Ass...

Cardiomiócitos neonatais de ratos primárias têm sido muito utilizados para investigar a função de cardiomiócitos in vitro 1. Eles são fáceis de isolar a partir de crias de ratos por vários métodos bem estabelecidos 2-4. O método mais comum emprega colagenase ou tripsina para digerir o tecido conjuntivo do coração antes do isolamento de células. Os investigadores também foram desenvolvidos métodos para isolar os cardiomiócitos de roedores adultos 5-8, bem como ratinhos neonatais 9,10. Este protocolo descreve um método para o isolamento de cardiomiócitos de crias de ratos recém-nascidos, empregando um procedimento de digestão com enzimas de duas etapas. A tripsina é usado pela primeira vez O / N a 4 ° C, e, em seguida, colagenase purificada a 37 ° C. A incubação do tecido do coração com tripsina O / N a 4 ° C reduz os passos necessários para colheita de células, em comparação com os métodos que utilizam as incubações sequenciais em uma solução de enzima quente 2. Além disso, através da utilização de co purificadallagenase em vez de enzimas em bruto, a variabilidade de lote para lote pode ser eliminada, proporcionando assim melhorada a reprodutibilidade. Estudos funcionais de uma proteína particular, muitas vezes empregue um sistema de expressão de proteína utilizando um adenovírus 11-13 e / ou um lentivírus 14-16. [NOTA PREVENTIVAS] A produção e manipulação viral deve ser realizada de acordo com as directrizes de NIH. O adenovirus não se integra no genoma do hospedeiro. Tem uma elevada eficiência de transdução na maioria dos tipos de células, incluindo as células que se dividem e células que não se dividem, como bem como células primárias e as linhas de células estabelecidas. Isso faz com que o adenovírus de um vector de confiança para a expressão do gene. Níveis elevados da proteína codificada pelo vector de adenovírus desenvolver dentro de 48 horas a seguir a transdução, e pode durar várias semanas 17. No entanto, uma desvantagem do uso de um adenovírus para expressão de proteína é que o desenvolvimento de um ade recombinanteadenovírus é complicado e demorado. Este inconveniente explica em parte por que muitos pesquisadores têm se voltando para lentivírus para a expressão do gene recombinante. Ao contrário de construções de adenovírus, gerando uma construção lentiviral é rápido e fácil. Embora lentivírus geralmente têm eficiências inferiores de transdução do que os adenovírus, tanto em células em divisão e que não se dividem, eles se integram no genoma do hospedeiro. Consequentemente, a expressão do gene transduzido é mais estável para os lentivírus do que para os adenovírus. Devido aos avanços tecnológicos no campo da microscopia, é muito mais fácil de capturar imagens de células vivas de células que expressam proteínas recombinantes. Isto é válido mesmo em velocidades de taxa de vídeo de aquisição. Isto permite que o investigador como para determinar alterações específicas na proteína de interesse funcionalmente impacto na célula em tempo real. O microscópio confocal disco giratório tem várias características que o tornam uma técnica ideal para livimagem e celular 18,19. O disco giratório Yokogawa permite muito mais rápida aquisição de imagem, e, ao mesmo tempo, utilizando muito menos energia do laser de microscopia confocal de varredura ponto. Ambas estas características especiais são devidos ao disco giratório, que contém várias perfurações confocal através do qual o laser passa simultaneamente com as amostras. Durante a aquisição, o próprio disco gira rapidamente e continuamente 18-20. Ao utilizar o sistema de focagem do microscópio, o foco é mantida estável durante longos períodos de tempo. Isso permite que os pesquisadores para captar imagens de células vivas bem focados. Imagens adquiridas são reproduzidas como um arquivo de filme. As imagens são analisadas usando o software de análise de imagem como o ImageJ 21,22, FIJI 23, ou outro software disponível comercialmente.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>1 scissors for decapitation</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>501749</td>
			<td>Autoclave before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 fine scissors for heart isolation and chopping</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>14393</td>
			<td>Autoclave before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2 fine forceps (Dumont No. 5)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>F6521</td>
			<td>Autoclave before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Three sterilized 10 cm plastic dishes</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>CLS430165</td>
			<td>for hearts isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3.5 cm glass bottom culture dishes</td>
			<td>MatTek</td>
			<td>P35G-1.5-20-C</td>
			<td>for final plating of cardiomyocytes for future live cell imaging. micro-Dishes from ibidi are an acceptable alternative.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3.5 cm glass bottom culture dishes</td>
			<td>MatTek</td>
			<td>P35G-0.17-14-C</td>
			<td>for TIRF or high resolution image</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol solution, 70 % (v/v) in water</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>E7148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2% gelatin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G1393</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>One sterilized 10 cm plastic dish</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>CLS430165</td>
			<td>for trypsinization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminium foil</td>
			<td>any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>parafilm</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P7543</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Two 10 cm plastic cell culture dish</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>CLS430165</td>
			<td>for selection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Auto pipette</td>
			<td>Drummond Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>4-000-300</td>
			<td>for trituration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell counter</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160; Cellometer, automated cell counter</td>
			<td>nexcelom</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>to check and count cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160; Microscope and Hematocytometer</td>
			<td>any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>to check and count cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue Solution, 0.4%</td>
			<td>invitrogen</td>
			<td>15250-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CO2 incubator</td>
			<td>Sanyo</td>
			<td>MCO-19AIC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>incubating orbital shaker</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>Z673129</td>
			<td>to shake heart tissue with collagenase at 37 C at 170-200 rpm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 mg/ml BrdU solution</td>
			<td>BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td>550891</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM, High Glucose</td>
			<td>invitrogen</td>
			<td>41965039</td>
			<td>Mix medium as indicated in the protocol and warm before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MEM</td>
			<td>invitrogen</td>
			<td>31095029</td>
			<td>Mix medium as indicated in the protocol and warm before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>invitrogen</td>
			<td>26140079</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL)&#160;</td>
			<td>invitrogen</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Section 2 lentiviral transduction</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>three packaging plasmids</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;pMDLg/pRRE</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>12251</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;pRSV-Rev</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>12253</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160;pMD2.G</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>12259</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>The lentiviral transfer vector, pLVX-IRES-Puro</td>
			<td>Clontech</td>
			<td>632183</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Opti-MEM (serum-free medium)</td>
			<td>invitrogen</td>
			<td>31985070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>transfection reagent</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160; polyethyleneimine&#8220;Max&#8221;, (Mw 40,000) - High Potency Linear PEI (Equivalent to Mw 25,000 in Free Base Form)&#160;</td>
			<td>Polysciences</td>
			<td>24765-2</td>
			<td>It can be substituted with X-tremeGENE 9 from Roche</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160; X-tremeGENE 9</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>6365779001</td>
			<td>substitute for PEI as transfection reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>chloroquine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C6628</td>
			<td>dissolve in water and make 100 mM stock solution. Inhibition of endosomal acidification can be achieved with 10-100 &#956;M Chloroquine.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H3375</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10 ml Luer-Lok syringe, sterilized</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>309604</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.45 um filters</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>F8677</td>
			<td>use only cellulose acetate or polyethersulfone (PES) (low protein binding) filters. Do not use nitrocellulose filters. Nitrocellulose binds surface proteins on the lentiviral envelope and destroys the virus.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hexadimethrine bromide</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H9268</td>
			<td>dissolve in water and make 8mg/ml stock solution, then filter it to sterilize.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>polyethylene glicol 6000</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>81260</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S9888</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S5881</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Section 3 Adenoviral transduction</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEK 293T cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CRL-11268</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Some 10 cm cell culture dishes</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>CLS430165</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>96-Well Microplate with lid, flat-bottom, tissue culture, sterile</td>
			<td>BD Falcon</td>
			<td>353072</td>
			<td>for titration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Multichannel piptte, 10-100 ul, 8-channel</td>
			<td>eppendorf</td>
			<td>3122 000.035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Section 4 live cell imaging</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spinning disk confocal microspopy</td>
			<td>PerkinElmer</td>
			<td>L7267000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>a temperature controlled chamber</td>
			<td>any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>to keep temperature at 37 C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>a CO2 environmental system</td>
			<td>any brand</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>optional to maintain CO2 concentration optimal</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160; CO2 Independent Medium, No Glutamine</td>
			<td>invitrogen</td>
			<td>18045-054&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>for long time time-lapse imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&#160; DMEM, High Glucose, HEPES, no Phenol Red&#160;</td>
			<td>invitrogen</td>
			<td>21063-029</td>
			<td>for long time time-lapse imaging</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

live cell imaging of primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes following adenoviral and lentiviral transduction using confocal spinning disk microscopy

Cardiomiócitos primários de rato neonatal são úteis na investigação básica em cardiovascular in vitro, porque eles podem ser facilmente isolados em grande número em um único procedimento. Devido aos avanços na tecnologia de microscópio é relativamente fácil para capturar imagens de células vivas com a finalidade de investigar eventos celulares, em tempo real, com preocupação mínima sobre fototoxicidade para as células. Este protocolo descreve como tirar imagens timelapse células vivas de ratos primário cardiomiócitos neonatais usando um microscópio confocal disco giratório seguinte transdução lentiviral e adenovírus para modular as propriedades da célula. A aplicação de dois tipos diferentes de vírus facilita a alcançar um nível de taxas de transdução e de expressão apropriados para dois genes diferentes. Imagens de células vivas bem focado pode ser obtido usando o sistema de focagem automática do microscópio, que mantém o foco estável por longos períodos de tempo. Aplicando este método, as funções de engenheiro exogenamenteed proteínas expressas em células primárias de cultura pode ser analisado. Além disso, este sistema pode ser usado para examinar as funções de genes através do uso de siRNAs, bem como de moduladores químicos.

Para ilustrar a técnica, a codificação de EGFP lentivírus (reforçada proteína fluorescente verde) marcado com Cx43 (Connexin43) ou um Cx43 mutante 32 foi utilizado para expressar proteínas EGFP-marcado em células, e um adenovírus codificador FGFR1DN (receptor do factor de crescimento do fibroblasto 1 negativo dominante ) foi utilizado para fechar a sinalização do FGF-se na célula de 33-35. Três dias após o isolamento de cardiomiócitos, os cardiomiócitos foram isolados transduzidas c...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Live Cell Imaging of Primary Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Following Adenoviral and Lentiviral Transduction Using Confocal Spinning Disk Microscopy at JoVE.com

Live Cell Imaging of Primary Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Following Adenoviral and Lentiviral Transduction Using Confocal Spinning Disk Microscopy

This protocol describes a method of live cell imaging using primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes following lentiviral and adenoviral transduction using confocal spinning disk microscopy. This enables detailed observations of cellular processes in living cardiomyocytes.

Imagens de células vivas de primários de ratos neonatos Cardiomyocytes Após Adenoviral e Transdução Lentivirus Usando confocal Spinning Disk Microscopia

Primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes are useful in basic in vitro cardiovascular research because they can be easily isolated in large numbers in a single ...

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13.4K visualizações.  Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine and Institute of Cell Biology. This protocol describes a method of live cell imaging using primary rat neonatal cardiomyocytes following lentiviral and adenoviral transduction using confocal spinning disk microscopy. This enables detailed observations of cellular processes in living cardiomyocytes.

Vídeo: Live Cell Imaging of Primary Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes Following Adenoviral and Lentiviral Transduction Using Confocal Spinning Disk Microscopy