This work lies within the multidisciplinary Southampton Musculoskeletal Research Unit (Southampton University Hospitals Trust/University of Southampton) and the Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis. The authors wish to thank their funding sources; Arthritis Research UK for funding of laboratory equipment (Grant No: 18512) and Vicon Motion System, Oxford UK for providing funding for a PhD studentship (M.Warner). The authors also wish to thank the participants, and Kate Scott and Lindsay Pringle for their help with participant recruitment.

<ol>
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None of the authors had any affiliation with any organization that could influence the outcome of this work.

הבחירה של המתודולוגיה לקביעת קינמטיקה גלימה היא קריטית, והתחשבות בתוקף, האמינות וההתאמה שלה למחקר יש לתת. שיטות שונות אומצו לאורך כל הספרות אך לכל שיטה יש את מגבלותיו. אשכול סמן acromion מתגבר מספר המגבלות אלה, כגון שגיאות הקרנה מהדמית 2D או שמצריך פרשנות חוזרת ונשנית של ה...

מדידה אובייקטיבית, כמותיים של קינמטיקה הגלימה יכולה לספק הערכה של דפוסים חריגים תנועה הקשורים לתפקוד לקוי של כתף 1, כגון סיבוב כלפי מעלה מופחת והטיה אחורית במהלך העלאת זרוע נצפתה בפגיעה בכתף 2-8. מדידה של קינמטיקה גלימה, עם זאת, קשה בשל מיקום של העצם העמוק והטבע מחליק מתחת לפני שטח עור 1. טכניקות אופייניות kinematic מדידה של צירוף סמנים רעיוני על ציוני דרך אנטומי לא כראוי לעקוב אחר עצם השכם כפי שמחליק מתחת לפני שטח העור 9. שיטות שונות אומצו לאורך כל הספרות להתגבר על קשיים אלה, ובכלל זה; הדמיה (רנטגן או תהודה מגנטית) 10-14, goniometers 15,16 סיכות, עצם 17-22, מישוש ידני 23,24, ושיטת acromion 3,5,19,25. כל שיטה, לעומת זאת, יש מגבלות שלה, אשר כוללות: לשעברposure לקרינה, שגיאות הקרנה במקרה של ניתוח תמונה דו-ממדי המבוסס, דורשות חזרו פרשנות סובייקטיבית של המיקום של עצם השכמה, הם סטטי בטבע או שהם פולשני מאוד (למשל סיכות עצם). פתרון ללהתגבר על חלק מהקשיים אלה הוא להעסיק את שיטת acromion בי חיישן אלקטרומגנטים מחובר לחלק השטוח של acromion 25, חלק שטוח של עצם המשתרע anteriorly בחלק הצדדי ביותר של עצם השכמה המוביל מעמוד השדרה של עצם השכם. הרעיון מאחורי העיקרון בשיטת acromion הוא להפחית חפץ תנועת העור, כacromion הוכח לי את הכמות המינימאלית של חפץ תנועת עור בהשוואה לאתרים אחרים בהשכמות 26. שיטת acromion אינה פולשני ומספקת מדידה תלת-ממדית דינמית של קינמטיקה עצם השכם. מחקרים הראו אימות שיטת acromion להיות תקף עד 120 מעלות בזרוע אלשלב evation בעת שימוש בחיישנים אלקטרומגנטיים 17,27. כאשר סדרה של סמנים מסודרים באשכול, אשכול סמן acromion (AMC) באמצעות מכשירי לכידת תנועת סמן מבוסס, נדרש והוכח בתוקף בעת שימוש במערכת לכידת תנועה פעיל-מרקר 28 ותוך שימוש פסיבי-מרקר מערכת לכידת תנועה בגובה זרוע וזרוע הורדת 29. השימוש בAMC עם התקן לכידה תנועת סמן פסיבי למדידת קינמטיקה גלימה נעשה שימוש כדי להעריך את השינויים בקינמטיקה הגלימה הבאים התערבות כדי לטפל בפגיעה בכתף 30. השימוש חוקי בשיטה זו, עם זאת, תלויה ביכולת ליישם את האשכול של סמנים מדויקים, את עמדתו של אשר הוכחה להשפיע על תוצאות 31, לכייל ציוני דרך אנטומי 32 ותנועות זרוע הבטחה נמצאות בטווח חוקי של תנועה (כלומר להלן 120 ° גובה זרוע) 29. זהגם הוצע reapplication של אשכול הסמן, בעת השימוש במערכת לכידת תנועת סמן מבוסס פעילה, נמצא כי מקור השגיאה מוגברת להטיה אחורית גלימה 28. זהו, אם כן, חשוב לקבוע את האמינות בין-היום של שיטת acromion כדי להבטיח שהיא מספקת מדד יציב של קינמטיקה עצם השכם. להבטיח שמדידות הן אמינות יאפשר שינויים בקינמטיקה גלימה, בשל התערבות, למשל, שיש למדוד ובדק. השיטות המשמשות למדידת קינמטיקה הגלימה תוארו במקום אחר 29,33; מטרת המחקר הנוכחי הייתה לספק כלי מדריך והתייחסות צעד-אחר-צעד ליישום שיטות אלה באמצעות מערכת לכידת תנועה פסיבית-מרקר, תוך התחשבות במקורות הפוטנציאליים של שגיאה, ולבחון את אמינותה של שיטת המדידה .

<table><tbody><tr><td>Passive marker capture system</td><td>Vicon Motion Systems</td><td>N/A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nexus</td><td>Vicon Motion Systems</td><td>N/A</td><td>Data capture software</td></tr><tr><td>Bodybuilder</td><td>Vicon Motion Systems</td><td>N/A</td><td>Modeling software</td></tr><tr><td>14 mm retro reflective markers</td><td>Vicon Motion Systems</td><td>VACC-V162B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6.5 mm retro reflective markers</td><td>Vicon Motion Systems</td><td>VACC-V166</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Calibration wand</td><td>Vicon Motion Systems</td><td>N/A</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Plastic base</td><td>N/A</td><td>N/A</td><td>Constructed &#039;in-house&#039;</td></tr><tr><td>Matlab</td><td>Mathworks</td><td>N/A</td><td>Numerical modelling software</td></tr></tbody></table>

measurement of dynamic scapular kinematics using an acromion marker cluster to minimize skin movement artifact

המדידה של קינמטיקה גלימה הדינמית היא מורכבת בשל אופי הזזה של עצם השכמה מתחת לפני השטח של העור. מטרת המחקר הייתה לתאר את שיטת אשכול סמן acromion (AMC) קביעת קינמטיקה גלימה בעת שימוש במערכת לכידת תנועת סמן פסיבית, עם התחשבות במקורות של שגיאה שעלולה להשפיע על התוקף והמהימנות של מדידות באופן ברור. שיטת AMC כוללת הצבת מקבץ של סמנים מעל acromion האחורי, ובאמצעות כיול של ציוני דרך אנטומי ביחס לאשכול הסמן ניתן להשיג מדידות תקפות של קינמטיקה עצם השכם. האמינות של השיטה נבדקה בין יומיים בקבוצה של 15 אנשים בריאים (19-38 שנים בגילים, שמונה גברים) כפי שהם ביצעו העלאת זרוע, עד 120 מעלות, והורידה בחזיתי, הגלימה ומטוסי sagittal. תוצאות מחקר הראו כי האמינות בין-היום הייתה טובה לסיבוב כלפי מעלה גלימה (מקדם Multמתאם iple; CMC = 0.92) והטיה אחורית (CMC = 0.70), אך הוגנת לסיבוב פנימי (CMC = 0.53) בשלב העלאת זרוע. שגיאת צורת הגל הייתה נמוכה יותר עבור סיבוב כלפי מעלה (2.7 ° עד 4.4 מעלות) והטיה אחורית (1.3 ° עד 2.8 מעלות), בהשוואה לסיבוב פנימי (5.4 ° עד 7.3 מעלות). האמינות בשלב הנמכה הייתה דומה לתוצאות שנצפו בשלב ההעלאה. אם הפרוטוקול שתואר במחקר זה הוא דבק, AMC מספק מדידה אמינה של סיבוב כלפי מעלה והטיה אחורית במהלך ההעלאה והורדה של שלבי תנועת זרוע.

חמש עשרה משתתפים שלא ידוע ההיסטוריה של פציעות כתף, צוואר או זרוע גויסו על המחקר (טבלה 2). כדי להעריך תוך מדרג (בין-יום) אמינות, משתתפים השתתפו בשני מפגשי איסוף הנתונים מופרדים על ידי לפחות 24 שעות ועד למקסימום של 7 ימים. במהלך כל מפגש איסוף נתונים, אותו החוקר ביצע ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact at JoVE.com

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

דוח זה מציג את הפרטים של איך לאמץ את שיטת אשכול סמן acromion קבלת קינמטיקה גלימה בעת שימוש במכשיר לכידה תנועת סמן פסיבי. כפי שכבר תואר בספרות, בשיטה זו מספקת מדידה חזקה, לא פולשנית, תלת ממדים, דינמית ותקפה של קינמטיקה גלימה, מזעור חפץ תנועת עור.

מדידה דינמי הגלימה קינמטיקה באמצעות Cluster acromion מרקר למזעור Artifact תנועת עור

The measurement of dynamic scapular kinematics is complex due to the sliding nature of the scapula beneath the skin surface. The aim of the study was to ...

measurement-dynamic-scapular-kinematics-using-an-acromion-marker

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

19.1K Views.  University of Southampton.  דוח זה מציג את הפרטים של איך לאמץ את שיטת אשכול סמן acromion קבלת קינמטיקה גלימה בעת שימוש במכשיר לכידה תנועת סמן פסיבי. כפי שכבר תואר בספרות, בשיטה זו מספקת מדידה חזקה, לא פולשנית, תלת ממדים, דינמית ותקפה של קינמטיקה גלימה, מזעור חפץ תנועת עור. 

Video: Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact

Coordinate Mapping of Hyolaryngeal Mechanics in Swallowing

Characterizing hyolaryngeal movement is important to dysphagia research. Prior methods require multiple measurements to obtain one kinematic measurement whereas coordinate mapping of hyolaryngeal mechanics using Modified Barium Swallow (MBS) uses one set of coordinates to calculate multiple variables of interest. For demonstration purposes, ten kinematic measurements were generated from one set of coordinates to determine differences in swallowing two different bolus types. Calculations of hyoid excursion against the vertebrae and mandible are correlated to determine the importance of axes of reference.
To demonstrate coordinate mapping methodology, 40 MBS studies were randomly selected from a dataset of healthy normal subjects with no known swallowing impairment. A 5 ml thin-liquid bolus and a 5 ml pudding swallows were measured from each subject. Nine coordinates, mapping the cranial base, mandible, vertebrae and elements of the hyolaryngeal complex, were recorded at the frames of minimum and maximum hyolaryngeal excursion. Coordinates were mathematically converted into ten variables of hyolaryngeal mechanics.
Inter-rater reliability was evaluated by Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Two-tailed t-tests were used to evaluate differences in kinematics by bolus viscosity. Hyoid excursion measurements against different axes of reference were correlated. Inter-rater reliability among six raters for the 18 coordinates ranged from ICC = 0.90 - 0.97. A slate of ten kinematic measurements was compared by subject between the six raters. One outlier was rejected, and the mean of the remaining reliability scores was ICC = 0.91, 0.84 - 0.96, 95% CI. Two-tailed t-tests with Bonferroni corrections comparing ten kinematic variables (5 ml thin-liquid vs. 5 ml pudding swallows) showed statistically significant differences in hyoid excursion, superior laryngeal movement, and pharyngeal shortening (p &#60; 0.005). Pearson correlations of hyoid excursion measurements from two different axes of reference were: r = 0.62, r2 = 0.38, (thin-liquid); r = 0.52, r2 = 0.27, (pudding).
Obtaining landmark coordinates is a reliable method to generate multiple kinematic variables from video fluoroscopic images useful in dysphagia research.

Coordinate mapping is a method of documenting salient features of hyolaryngeal biomechanics in the pharyngeal phase of swallowing. This methodology uses image analysis software to record coordinates of anatomical landmarks. These coordinates are imported into an excel macro and translated into kinematic variables of interest useful in dysphagia research.

לתאם מיפוי של מכניקת Hyolaryngeal בבליעה

Characterizing hyolaryngeal movement is important to dysphagia research. Prior methods require multiple measurements to obtain one kinematic measurement ...

Biplanar Videoradiography Dataset for Model-based Pose Estimation Development and New User Training

Measuring the motion of the small foot bones is critical for understanding pathological loss of function. Biplanar videoradiography is well-suited to measure in vivo bone motion, but challenges arise when estimating the rotation and translation (pose) of each bone. The bone's pose is typically estimated with marker- or model-based methods. Marker-based methods are highly accurate but uncommon in vivo due to their invasiveness. Model-based methods are more common but are currently less accurate as they rely on user input and lab-specific algorithms. This work presents a rare in vivo dataset of the calcaneus, talus, and tibia poses, as measured with marker-based methods during running and hopping. A method is included to train users to improve their initial guesses into model-based pose estimation software, using marker-based visual feedback. New operators were able to estimate bone poses within 2&#176; of rotation and 1 mm of translation of the marker-based pose, similar to an expert user of the model-based software, and representing a substantial improvement over previously reported inter-operator variability. Further, this dataset can be used to validate other model-based pose estimation software. Ultimately, sharing this dataset will improve the speed and accuracy with which users can measure bone poses from biplanar videoradiography.

This work presents an in vivo dataset with bone poses estimated with marker-based methods. A method is included here to train operators in improving their initial estimates for model-based pose estimation and reducing inter-operator variability.

Measuring the motion of the small foot bones is critical for understanding pathological loss of function. Biplanar videoradiography is well-suited to ...

Engineering

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Bone stress injuries are common in sports and military trainings. Repetitive large ground impact forces during training could be the cause. It is essential to determine the effect of high ground impact forces on lower-body bone deformation to better understand the mechanisms of bone stress injuries. Conventional strain gauge measurement has been used to study in vivo tibia deformation. This method is associated with limitations including invasiveness of the procedure, involvement of few human subjects, and limited strain data from small bone surface areas. The current study intends to introduce a novel approach to study tibia bone strain under high impact loading conditions. A subject-specific musculoskeletal model was created to represent a healthy male (19 years, 80 kg, 1,800 mm). A flexible finite element tibia model was created based on a computed tomography (CT) scan of the subject&#39;s right tibia. Laboratory motion capture was performed to obtain kinematics and ground reaction forces of drop-landings from different heights (26, 39, 52 cm). Multibody dynamic computer simulations combined with a modal analysis of the flexible tibia were performed to quantify tibia strain during drop-landings. Calculated tibia strain data were in good agreement with previous in vivo studies. It is evident that this non-invasive approach can be applied to study tibia bone strain during high impact activities for a large cohort, which will lead to a better understanding of injury mechanism of tibia stress fractures.

During landing, lower-body bones experience large mechanical loads and are deformed. It is essential to measure bone deformation to better understand the mechanisms of bone stress injuries associated with impacts. A novel approach integrating subject-specific musculoskeletal modeling and finite element analysis is used to measure tibial strain during dynamic movements.

נושא ספציפי דגם השלד והשרירים ללמוד עצם המתח במהלך תנועה דינאמית

Bone stress injuries are common in sports and military trainings. Repetitive large ground impact forces during training could be the cause. It is ...

Bioengineering

Rat Model of Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder

This proposal aims to create an in vivo rat model of adhesive capsulitis for researching potential treatment options for this condition and other etiologies of comparable arthrofibrosis. The model includes extra-articular fixation of the shoulder in rats via scapular to humeral suturing, resulting in a secondary contracture without invading the intra-articular space and resulting in decreased rotational ROM and increased joint stiffness.
We used 10 Sprague-Dawley rats for the purpose of this study. Baseline ROM measurements were taken before glenohumeral immobilization. The rats were subjected to 8 weeks of immobilization before the fixation sutures were removed and changes in ROM and joint stiffness were evaluated. To evaluate whether immobilization resulted in a significant reduction in ROM, changes in kinematics were calculated. ROM was measured at each time point in the follow-up period and was compared to the baseline internal and external ROM measurements. In order to evaluate the stiffness, joint kinetics were calculated by determining the differences in torque (text and tint ) needed to reach the initial external rotation of 60&#176; and initial internal rotation of 80&#176;.
After the removal of the extra-articular suture fixation on follow-up day 0, we found a 63% decrease in total ROM compared to baseline. We observed continuous improvement until week 5 of follow-up, with the progress slowing down around a 19% restriction. On week 8 of follow-up, there was still an 18% restriction of ROM. Additionally, on follow-up day 0, we found the torque increased by 13.3 Nmm when compared to baseline. On week 8, the total torque was measured to be 1.4 &#177; 0.2 Nmm higher than initial measurements. This work introduces a rat model of shoulder adhesive capsulitis with lasting reduced ROM and increased stiffness.

This protocol presents an in vivo rat model of adhesive capsulitis. The model includes an internal fixation of the glenohumeral joint with extra-articular suture fixation for an extended time, resulting in a decreased rotational range of motion (ROM) and increased joint stiffness.

עכברוש מודל של דלקות מדבקות. פגיעות של הכתף

This proposal aims to create an in vivo rat model of adhesive capsulitis for researching potential treatment options for this condition and other ...

Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study

A high proportion of children have overweight and obesity in the United States and other countries. Accurate assessment of anthropometry is essential to understand health effects of child growth and adiposity. Gold standard methods of measuring adiposity, such as dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), may not be feasible in large field studies. Research staff can, however, complete anthropometric measurements, such as body circumferences and skinfold measurements, using inexpensive portable equipment. In this protocol we detail how to obtain manual anthropometric measurements from children, including standing and sitting height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, mid-upper arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, and subscapular skinfold thickness, and procedures to assess the quality of these measurements. To demonstrate accuracy of these measurements, among 1,110 school-aged children in the pre-birth cohort Project Viva we calculated Spearman correlation coefficients comparing manual anthropometric measurements with a gold standard measure of body fat, DXA fat mass1. To address reliability, we evaluate intra-rater technical error of measurement at a quality control session conducted on adult female volunteers.

In epidemiologic studies of children, well-trained research staff can accurately and precisely assess weight, height, sitting height, skinfold thicknesses, and body circumferences.

הערכת הילד anthropometry במחקר אפידמיולוגיים גדול

A high proportion of children have overweight and obesity in the United States and other countries. Accurate assessment of anthropometry is essential to ...

Biplanar Videoradiography to Study the Wrist and Distal Radioulnar Joints

Accurate measurement of skeletal kinematics in vivo is essential for understanding normal joint function, the influence of pathology, disease progression, and the effects of treatments. Measurement systems that use skin surface markers to infer skeletal motion have provided important insight into normal and pathological kinematics, however, accurate arthrokinematics cannot be attained using these systems, especially during dynamic activities. In the past two decades, biplanar videoradiography (BVR) systems have enabled many researchers to directly study the skeletal kinematics of the joints during activities of daily living. To implement BVR systems for the distal upper extremity, videoradiographs of the distal radius and the hand are acquired from two calibrated X-ray sources while a subject performs a designated task. Three-dimensional (3D) rigid-body positions are computed from the videoradiographs via a best-fit registrations of 3D model projections onto&#160;to each BVR view. The 3D models are density-based image volumes of the specific bone derived from independently acquired computed-tomography data. Utilizing graphics processor units and high-performance computing systems, this model-based tracking approach is shown to be fast and accurate in evaluating the wrist and distal radioulnar joint biomechanics. In this study, we first summarized the previous studies that have established the submillimeter and subdegree agreement of BVR with an in vitro&#160;optical motion capture system in evaluating the wrist and distal radioulnar joint kinematics. Furthermore, we used BVR to compute the center of rotation behavior of the wrist joint, to evaluate the articulation pattern of the components of the implant upon one another, and to assess the dynamic change of ulnar variance during pronosupination of the forearm. In the future, carpal bones may be captured in greater detail with the addition of flat panel X-ray detectors, more X-ray sources (i.e., multiplanar videoradiography), or advanced computer vision algorithms.

Biplanar videoradiography (BVR) is an advanced imaging technique for understanding the three-dimensional movement of skeletal bones and implants. Combining density-based image volumes and videoradiographs of the distal upper extremity, BVR is used to study the in vivo motion of the wrist and distal radioulnar joint, as well as joint arthroplasties.

Accurate measurement of skeletal kinematics in vivo is essential for understanding normal joint function, the influence of pathology, disease progression, ...

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography

The shoulder is one of the human body's most complex joint systems, with motion occurring through the coordinated actions of four individual joints, multiple ligaments, and approximately 20 muscles. Unfortunately, shoulder pathologies (e.g., rotator cuff tears, joint dislocations, arthritis) are common, resulting in substantial pain, disability, and decreased quality of life. The specific etiology for many of these pathologic conditions is not fully understood, but it is generally accepted that shoulder pathology is often associated with altered joint motion. Unfortunately, measuring shoulder motion with the necessary level of accuracy to investigate motion-based hypotheses is not trivial. However, radiographic-based motion measurement techniques have provided the advancement necessary to investigate motion-based hypotheses and provide a mechanistic understanding of shoulder function. Thus, the purpose of this article is to describe the approaches for measuring shoulder motion using a custom biplanar videoradiography system. The specific objectives of this article are to describe the protocols to acquire biplanar videoradiographic images of the shoulder complex, acquire CT scans, develop 3D bone models, locate anatomical landmarks, track the position and orientation of the humerus, scapula, and torso from the biplanar radiographic images, and calculate the kinematic outcome measures. In addition, the article will describe special considerations unique to the shoulder when measuring joint kinematics using this approach.

Biplane videoradiography can quantify shoulder kinematics with a high degree of accuracy. The protocol described herein was specifically designed to track the scapula, humerus, and the ribs during planar humeral elevation, and outlines the procedures for data collection, processing, and analysis. Unique considerations for data collection are also described.

מדידת 3D In-vivo כתף Kinematics באמצעות Videoradiography Biplanar

The shoulder is one of the human body's most complex joint systems, with motion occurring through the coordinated actions of four individual joints, ...

Three-Dimensional Finger Motion Tracking during Needling: A Solution for the Kinematic Analysis of Acupuncture Manipulation

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D motion tracking technology to measure the kinematic parameters of the joints of fingers during acupuncture manipulation (AM) and establish three technical indicators "amplitude, velocity and time". This method can reflect the operation characteristics of AM and provide quantitative parameters along three axes of multiple finger joints. The current evidence shows that the method has great potential for future applications such as the study of the dose-effect relationship of acupuncture, teaching, and learning of AM, and the measurement and preservation of famous acupuncturists' AM.

This experimental method describes a solution for the kinematic analysis of acupuncture manipulation with three-dimensional finger motion tracking technology.

מעקב אחר תנועת אצבע תלת מימדית במהלך הצורך: פתרון לניתוח קינמטי של מניפולציה בדיקור סיני

Three-dimensional (3D) motion tracking has been used in many fields, such as the researches of sport and medical skills. This experiment aimed to use 3D ...

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

Several hip pathologies have been attributed to abnormal morphology with an underlying assumption of aberrant biomechanics. However, structure-function relationships at the joint level remain challenging to quantify due to difficulties in accurately measuring dynamic joint motion. The soft tissue artifact errors inherent in optical skin marker motion capture are exacerbated by the depth of the hip joint within the body and the large mass of soft tissue surrounding the joint. Thus, the complex relationship between bone shape and hip joint kinematics is more difficult to study accurately than in other joints. Herein, a protocol incorporating computed tomography (CT) arthrography, three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of volumetric images, dual fluoroscopy, and optical motion capture to accurately measure the dynamic motion of the hip joint is presented. The technical and clinical studies that have applied dual fluoroscopy to study form-function relationships of the hip using this protocol are summarized, and the specific steps and future considerations for data acquisition, processing, and analysis are described.

In Vivo Quantification of Hip Arthrokinematics during Dynamic Weight-bearing Activities using Dual Fluoroscopy

Dual fluoroscopy accurately captures in vivo dynamic motion of human joints, which can be visualized relative to reconstructed anatomy (e.g., arthrokinematics). Herein, a detailed protocol to quantify hip arthrokinematics during weight-bearing activities of daily living is presented, including the integration of dual fluoroscopy with traditional skin marker motion capture.

ב-Vivo כימות של ארתרוקינמטיקה היפ במהלך פעילויות נושאות משקל דינמיות באמצעות פלואורוסקופיה כפולה

Several hip pathologies have been attributed to abnormal morphology with an underlying assumption of aberrant biomechanics. However, structure-function ...

Using Point of Care Ultrasound to Augment Acquisition of Physical Exam Skills: Knee and Shoulder

Source: Joseph H. Donroe, Rachel Liu; Yale School of Medicine, USA
Point of Care Ultrasound or POCUS is easy to use, has enhanced mobility due to the smaller equipment needed, and may be carried out in a variety of settings. It is also far safer and cheaper than imaging techniques like computer tomography.
POCUS can be helpful when certain physical exam findings are difficult to appreciate by palpation, percussion, or auscultation and can facilitate learning elements of the cardiac, pulmonary, abdominal, musculoskeletal, and vascular exams.
With ultrasound, the anatomy of the knee and shoulder are easily visualized, thus allowing a better understanding of the anatomic basis for many exam maneuvers.&#160; Ultrasound allows for the detection of tendons, ligaments, and muscle injury, the presence of fluid, structural abnormalities, and bone fractures in the musculoskeletal region.
In the case of the knee, ultrasound is helpful in the detection of injuries of the quadriceps and patellar tendons; injuries of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments; meniscal tears; effusions; degenerative changes; bursitis of the suprapatellar, prepatellar, infrapatellar, and pes anserine bursae; and other similar diseases. On the other hand, in the shoulder, ultrasound can be useful in the diagnosis of rotator cuff disease, biceps brachii injury, and acromioclavicular joint disease, among other shoulder pathologies.
Ultrasound is also a dynamic imaging modality that can highlight the movement of joints and muscles in real-time. Therefore, it can lead to the improved acquisition of exam skills when performed in conjunction with the specific maneuvers. For example, shoulder impingement syndrome can be better understood by learners of the physical exam by seeing the anatomy and dynamic movements under ultrasound.
Examination of the musculoskeletal system is a particularly difficult skill to acquire, involving the integration of the technical skills to perform specific maneuvers with the relevant clinical anatomy and physiology of joints. Overall, the integration of ultrasound with other clinical skills results in improved confidence and accuracy in the performance of the physical exam. In this video, we will demonstrate how to use POCUS to facilitate learning the examination of the knee and shoulder.

שימוש באולטרסאונד נקודתי להגברת רכישת מיומנויות בדיקה גופנית: ברך וכתף

Source: Joseph H. Donroe, Rachel Liu; Yale School of Medicine, USA
Point of Care Ultrasound or POCUS is easy to use, has enhanced mobility due to the ...