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Leiden University

22 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Immunology and Infection

Infection of Zebrafish Embryos with Intracellular Bacterial Pathogens
Erica L. Benard 1, Astrid M. van der Sar 2, Felix Ellett 3, Graham J. Lieschke 3, Herman P. Spaink 1, Annemarie H. Meijer 1
1Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, 3Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University

Transparent zebrafish embryos have proved useful model hosts to visualize and functionally study interactions between innate immune cells and intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as Salmonella typhimurium and Mycobacterium marinum. Micro-injection of bacteria and multi-color fluorescence imaging are essential techniques involved in the application of zebrafish embryo infection models.

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Biology

Sorting of Streptomyces Cell Pellets Using a Complex Object Parametric Analyzer and Sorter
Marloes L. C. Petrus 1, G. Jerre van Veluw 2, Han A. B. Wösten 2, Dennis Claessen 1
1Microbial Biotechnology, Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, 2Microbiology, Kluyver Centre for Genomics of Industrial Fermentation, Utrecht University

Liquid-grown Streptomyces cultures are characterized by mycelial pellets that are heterogeneous in size. We here describe a method to analyze and sort such pellets in a high-throughput manner. These pellets can be used for further analyses, which will provide leads to understand and control growth heterogeneity.

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Chemistry

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation
Karthik Pillai 1,2,3, Fernando Navarro Arzate 2,4, Wei Zhang 2,5, Scott Renneckar 1,2,5,6
1Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Tech, 2Macromolecules and Interfaces Institute, Virginia Tech, 3Institute for Food Safety and Health, Illinois Institute of Technology- Moffett Campus, 4Wood, Cellulose, and Paper Research Department, University of Guadalajara, 5Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, 6Sustainable Nanotechnology Interdisciplinary Graduate Education Program, Virginia Tech

The objective of this research was to form synthetic plant cell wall tissue using layer-by-layer assembly of nanocellulose fibrils and isolated lignin assembled from dilute aqueous suspensions.  Surface measurement techniques of quartz crystal microbalance and atomic force microscopy were used to monitor the formation of the polymer-polymer nanocomposite material.

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Immunology and Infection

Establishment and Optimization of a High Throughput Setup to Study Staphylococcus epidermidis and Mycobacterium marinum Infection as a Model for Drug Discovery
Wouter J. Veneman *1, Rubén Marín-Juez *2, Jan de Sonneville 3, Anita Ordas 1, Susanne Jong-Raadsen 2, Annemarie H. Meijer 1, Herman P. Spaink 1
1Institute of Biology, Leiden University, 2ZF-screens BV, 3Life Science Methods BV

This video article describes the high throughput pipeline that has been successfully established to infect and analyze large numbers of zebrafish embryos providing a new powerful tool for compound testing and drug discovery using a whole animal vertebrate organism.

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Medicine

Vascular Balloon Injury and Intraluminal Administration in Rat Carotid Artery
Wei Zhang 1, Mohamed Trebak 1
1Nanobioscience, State University of New York College of Nanoscale Science and Engineering (SUNY CNSE)

This protocol uses a balloon catheter to cause an intraluminal injury on the rat carotid artery and henceforth elicit neointimal hyperplasia. This is a well-established model for studying the mechanisms of vascular remodeling in response to injury. It is also widely used to determine the validity of potential therapeutic approaches.

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Bioengineering

Methods for Characterizing the Co-development of Biofilm and Habitat Heterogeneity
Xiaobao Li 1, Jisun L. Song 2, Alessandro Culotti 1, Wei Zhang 1, David L. Chopp 3, Nanxi Lu 1, Aaron I. Packman 1
1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2Department of Chemical and Biological Engineeering, Northwestern University, 3Department of Applied Mathematics and Engineering Sciences, Northwestern University

Biofilms have complex interactions with their surrounding environment. To comprehensively investigate biofilm-environment interactions, we present here a series of methods to create heterogeneous chemical environment for biofilm development, to quantify local flow velocity, and to analyze mass transport in and around biofilm colonies.

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Biochemistry

Sheathless Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry for Metabolic Profiling of Biological Samples
Wei Zhang 1, M. Can Gulersonmez 1, Thomas Hankemeier 1, Rawi Ramautar 1
1Division of Analytical Biosciences, Leiden Academic Center for Drug Research, Leiden University

A protocol for metabolic profiling of biological samples by capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry using a sheathless porous tip interface design is presented.

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JoVE Journal

Creating Virtual-hand and Virtual-face Illusions to Investigate Self-representation
Ke Ma 1, Dominique P. Lippelt 1, Bernhard Hommel 1
1Cognitive Psychology Unit, Leiden University

Here, we describe virtual-hand and virtual-face illusion paradigms that can be used to study body-related self-perception/-representation. They have already been used in various studies to demonstrate that, under specific conditions, a virtual hand or face can be incorporated into one's body representation, suggesting that body representations are rather flexible.

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Developmental Biology

Dissection of Larval Zebrafish Gonadal Tissue
Xinjian Wang *1, Sijie Chen *1, Wei Zhang 1, Yiyuan Ren 1, Quan Zhang 1, Gang Peng 1
1Institutes of Brain Science, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University

Here, we present a protocol for isolating gonadal tissue of larval zebrafish, which will facilitate investigations of zebrafish sex differentiation and maintenance.

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Engineering

Novel Photoacoustic Microscopy and Optical Coherence Tomography Dual-modality Chorioretinal Imaging in Living Rabbit Eyes
Chao Tian 1, Wei Zhang 2,3, Van Phuc Nguyen 1, Xueding Wang 2,4, Yannis M. Paulus 1,2
1Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, 2Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 3Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 4Department of Radiology, University of Michigan

This manuscript describes the novel setup and operating procedure of a photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography dual-modality system for noninvasive, label-free chorioretinal imaging of larger animals, such as rabbits.

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Neuroscience

A Rat Model of Central Fatigue Using a Modified Multiple Platform Method
Weiyue Zhang *1, Wei Zhang *1, Ning Dai *1, Chenxia Han 2, Fengzhi Wu 1, Xu Wang 1, Libo Tan 1, Jie Li 1, Feng Li 1, Qingjia Ren 3
1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 2Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 3Institute of Tibetan Medicine, Tibetan Traditional Medical College

Here, we present a protocol to introduce a rat model of central fatigue using the modified multiple platform method (MMPM).

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Medicine

Introduction of Intracapsular Rotary-cut Procedures (IRCP): A Modified Hysteromyomectomy Procedures Facilitating Fertility Preservation
Liping Zeng 1,2, Weixia Wei 1,2, Huiru Tang 1,2, Fang He 1,2, Shilin Zhong 1,2, Wei Zhang 1,2, Yuting Xiang 1, Xinfeng Qu 3, Ruifang Wu 1,2
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, China, 2Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gynecological Diagnostic Technology Research, China, 3Specialist of SZSM Project, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, China

Here, we present a protocol for performing an intracapsular rotary-cut procedure (IRCP), a modified laparoscopic intracapsular myomectomy that promotes fertility preservation.

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Bioengineering

A Zebrafish Embryo Model for In Vivo Visualization and Intravital Analysis of Biomaterial-associated Staphylococcus aureus Infection
Xiaolin Zhang 1,2, Leonie de Boer 1, Oliver W. Stockhammer 1, Dirk W. Grijpma 2,3, Herman P. Spaink 4, Sebastian A.J. Zaat 1
1Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, 2Technical Medical Center, Department of Biomaterials Science and Technology, University of Twente, 3Department of Biomedical Engineering, W.J. Kolff Institute, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 4Institute of Biology, Leiden University

The present study describes a zebrafish embryo model for in vivo visualization and intravital analysis of biomaterial-associated infection over time based on fluorescence microscopy. This model is a promising system complementing mammalian animal models such as mouse models for studying biomaterial-associated infections in vivo.

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Chemistry

Methionine Functionalized Biocompatible Block Copolymers for Targeted Plasmid DNA Delivery
Yang Wu *1, Wei Zhang *2, Jian Zhang 2, Zhi-Xiang Mao 3, Li Ding 2, Hao Li 3, Rong Ma 1, Jin-Hai Tang 2
1Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, 2Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 3School of Clinical Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University

This work presents the preparation of methionine functionalized biocompatible block copolymers (mBG) via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) method. The plasmid DNA complexing ability of the obtained mBG and their transfection efficiency were also investigated. The RAFT method is very beneficial for polymerizing monomers containing special functional groups.

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Bioengineering

Protein Kinase C-delta Inhibitor Peptide Formulation using Gold Nanoparticles
Hisato Konoeda 1, Hong Yang 2, Chengliang Yang 1, Annette Gower 1, Chun Xu 1, Wei Zhang 1, Mingyao Liu 1,3
1Latner Thoracic Surgery Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, 2Respiratory Medicine Research Laboratory, Institute of Translation Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 3Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto

We have previously used a gold nanoparticle peptide hybrid to intravenously deliver a synthetic peptide, protein kinase C-delta inhibitor, which reduced ischemia-reperfusion-induced acute lung injury. Here we show the detailed protocol of the drug formulation. Other intracellular peptides can be formulated similarly.

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Bioengineering

Standardized and Scalable Assay to Study Perfused 3D Angiogenic Sprouting of iPSC-derived Endothelial Cells In Vitro
Vincent van Duinen 1,2, Wendy Stam 1, Viola Borgdorff 3, Arie Reijerkerk 3, Valeria Orlova 4, Paul Vulto 5, Thomas Hankemeier 2, Anton Jan van Zonneveld 1
1Department of Internal Medicine (Nephrology) and the Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Department of Analytical BioSciences and Metabolomics, Leiden University, 3Ncardia, 4Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 5Mimetas

This method describes the culture of iPSC-derived endothelial cells as 40 perfused 3D microvessels in a standardized microfluidic platform. This platform enables the study of gradient-driven angiogenic sprouting in 3D, including anastomosis and stabilization of the angiogenic sprouts in a scalable and high-throughput manner.

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Medicine

A Training and Testing System for Performing Vascular Reconstruction In Vitro
Yue Wang 1,2, Lijun Mu 3, Wei Zhang 1,2, Huan Chen 1,2, Qingshan Li 1,2, Aihua Shi 1, Bo Tang 2, Xiaogang Zhang 1,2, Dinghui Dong 1,2, Yi Lv 1,2
1National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 2Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 3Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University

Here we present a training and testing system where a trainee can complete manual vascular reconstruction in vitro individually using a magnetic anchoring technique. The system can also be used to test the quality of reconstruction.

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Biology

MRM Microcoil Performance Calibration and Usage Demonstrated on Medicago truncatula Roots at 22 T
Remco van Schadewijk 1, Julia R. Krug 2,3,4, Andrew Webb 5, Henk Van As 2,4, Aldrik H. Velders 3,4, Huub J. M. de Groot 1, A. Alia 1,6
1Solid-state NMR, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Leiden University, 2Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, 3Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University & Research, 4MAGNEtic resonance Facility, Wageningen University & Research, 5C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Radiology department, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden University, 6Institute for Medical Physics and Biophysics, Leipzig University

A protocol to study biological tissue at high spatial resolution using ultra-high field magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) using microcoils is presented. Step-by-step instructions are provided for characterizing the microcoils. Finally, optimization of imaging is demonstrated on plant roots.

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Chemistry

Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry Approaches for Characterization of the Protein and Metabolite Corona Acquired by Nanomaterials
Andrew J. Chetwynd *1, Wei Zhang *2, Klaus Faserl *3, James A. Thorn 4, Iseult Lynch 1, Rawi Ramautar 2, Herbert H. Lindner 3
1School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, 2Biomedical Microscale Analytics, Leiden University, 3Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, 4AB Sciex UK Ltd

Here we present a protocol to characterize the complete biomolecular corona, proteins, and metabolites, acquired by nanomaterials from biofluids using a capillary electrophoresis – mass spectrometry approach.

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Developmental Biology

A Protocol for Immunohistochemistry and RNA In-situ Distribution within Early Drosophila Embryo
Wei Zhang *1, Xinjuan Lei *1, Xin Zhou *2,3, Boling He 1, Liqin Xiao 1, Huimin Yue 1, Shulin Wang 1, Yuting Sun 1, Yajun Wu 1, Liyang Wang 1,4, George Ghartey-Kwansah 1, Odell D. Jones 5, Joseph L. Bryant 6, MengMeng Xu 7, Jianjie Ma 3, Xuehon Xu 1
1National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest of China/CGDB, Shaanxi Normal University College of Life Sciences, 2Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Disease, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Brain disorders, Institute of Basic & Translational Medicine, Xi'an Medical University, 3Ohio State University College of Medicine, 4Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 5University of Pennsylvania ULAR, 6University of Maryland School of Medicine, 7Columbia University Medical Center

Here, we describe a protocol for detection and localization of Drosophila embryo protein and RNA from collection to pre-embedding and embedding, immunostaining, and mRNA in situ hybridization.

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Cancer Research

Ortho- and Ectopic Zebrafish Xeno-Engraftment of Ocular Melanoma to Recapitulate Primary Tumor and Experimental Metastasis Development
Arwin Groenewoud 1, Jie Yin 1, B. Ewa Snaar-Jagalska 1
1Institute of Biology, Leiden University

Here, we present a protocol to establish versatile orthotopic and ectopic zebrafish xenograft models for ocular melanoma to assess the growth kinetics of the primary tumor, dissemination, extravasation and distant, peri-vascular metastasis formation and the effect of chemical inhibition thereon.

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Biochemistry

Using Phage Display to Develop Ubiquitin Variant Modulators for E3 Ligases
Olivia Roscow 1, Wei Zhang 1
1Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph

Ubiquitination is a critical protein post-translational modification, dysregulation of which has been implicated in numerous human diseases. This protocol details how phage display can be utilized to isolate novel ubiquitin variants that can bind and modulate the activity of E3 ligases that control the specificity, efficiency, and patterns of ubiquitination.

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