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15 ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN JoVE

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Biology

Using Laser Tweezers For Manipulating Isolated Neurons In Vitro
Robert Clarke 1, Jianfeng Wang 1, Ellen Townes-Anderson 1
1Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey - UMDNJ

This video describes the manipulation of cultured neurons using laser tweezers in vitro.

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Neuroscience

Organotypic Culture of Full-thickness Adult Porcine Retina
Jianfeng Wang 1, Anton M. Kolomeyer 2, Marco A. Zarbin 2, Ellen Townes-Anderson 1
1Neurology and Neurosciences, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey - UMDNJ, 2Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey - UMDNJ

Here we describe a cost-effective technique for organotypic culture of adult porcine retina for seven days. Briefly, a sterile filter paper was used to lift the neural retina off from the RPE and place photoreceptor side up on an insert raised by a custom-made stand.

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Chemistry

TiO2-coated Hollow Glass Microspheres with Superhydrophobic and High IR-reflective Properties Synthesized by a Soft-chemistry Method
Yinting Wong 1, Dan Zhong 2, Aotian Song 4, Yan Hu 3
1Department of Biomedical Science, City University of Hong Kong, 2Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, 3Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 4Pavotech Co. Ltd.

This manuscript proposes a soft-chemistry method to synthesize superhydrophobic, TiO2-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGM) with high IR-reflective properties.

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Chemistry

Real-time Breath Analysis by Using Secondary Nanoelectrospray Ionization Coupled to High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Xue Li *1,2, Dan D. Huang *3, Rui Du 1,2, Zhi J. Zhang 1, Chak K. Chan 3, Zheng X. Huang 1,2, Zhen Zhou 1,2
1Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, 2Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, 3School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong

A protocol for characterizing chemical composition of exhaled breath in real time by using secondary nanoelectrospray ionization coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry is demonstrated.

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JoVE Journal

Synthesis of a Thiol Building Block for the Crystallization of a Semiconducting Gyroidal Metal-sulfur Framework
Yonghe He 1, Jiahong Huang 1, Jun He 1, Zhengtao Xu 2
1School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, 2Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong

Here, we present a one-pot, transition-metal-free synthesis of thiols and thioesters from aromatic halides and sodium thiomethoxide, followed by the preparation of single crystals of a metal-dithiolene network using thiol species generated in situ from the more stable and tractable thioester.

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JoVE Core

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
Benjamin MacLellan *1, Piotr Roztocki *1, Michael Kues 1,2, Christian Reimer 1, Luis Romero Cortés 1, Yanbing Zhang 1, Stefania Sciara 1,3, Benjamin Wetzel 1,4, Alfonso Cino 3, Sai T. Chu 5, Brent E. Little 6, David J. Moss 7, Lucia Caspani 8, José Azaña 1, Roberto Morandotti 1,9,10
1Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT), 2School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, 3Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo, 4School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sussex, 5Department of Physics and Material Science, City University of Hong Kong, 6State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Science, 7Centre for Micro Photonics, Swinburne University of Technology, 8Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, 9Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 10National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics

A protocol is presented for the practical generation and coherent manipulation of high-dimensional frequency-bin entangled photon states using integrated micro-cavities and standard telecommunications components, respectively.

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Neuroscience

Simple Surgical Induction of Conductive Hearing Loss with Verification Using Otoscope Visualization and Behavioral Clap Startle Response in Rat
Francis A. M. Manno *1, Sinai H. C. Manno *2,3,4, Victor Ma 5, Fernando A. Barrios 1, William C Cho 5, Shuk Han Cheng 2,3,6, Condon Lau 4
1Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 2State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 3Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 4Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 5Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, 6Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Here, we present a protocol to establish a replicable conductive hearing loss induction via surgical tympanic membrane puncture and verification by otoscope visualization and behavioral assessment by clap startle.

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Behavior

Assessing the Autonomic and Behavioral Effects of Passive Motion in Rats using Elevator Vertical Motion and Ferris-Wheel Rotation
Francis A. M. Manno 1,2, Leilei Pan 3, Yuqi Mao 3, Yang Su 3, Sinai H. C. Manno 2,4,5, Shuk Han Cheng 4,5,6, Condon Lau 2, Yiling Cai 3
1School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Sydney, 2Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 3Department of Nautical Injury Prevention, Faculty of Navy Medicine, Second Military Medical University, 4State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution (SKLMP), City University of Hong Kong, 5Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 6Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong

Protocols are presented to assess the autonomic and behavioral effects of passive motion in rodents using elevator vertical motion and Ferris-wheel rotation.

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Neuroscience

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
Hannnah Tetteh *1, Jihwan Lee *1, Jinho Lee 2, Jae Geun Kim 3, Sunggu Yang 2
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 2Department of Nano-Bioengineering, Incheon National University, 3Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University

We used recording and stimulation electrodes in longitudinal hippocampal brain slices and longitudinally positioned recording and stimulation electrodes in the dorsal hippocampus in vivo to evoke extracellular postsynaptic potentials and demonstrate long-term synaptic plasticity along the longitudinal interlamellar CA1.

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JoVE Core

Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
Zhuang Cheng 1, Jianfeng Wang 1,2
1Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 2Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong

The protocol describes procedures to acquire high-spatial resolution computed tomography (CT) images of a granular soil during triaxial compression, and to apply image processing techniques to these CT images to explore the grain-scale mechanical behavior of the soil under loading.

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JoVE Journal

Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Immunoblot Analysis of Endogenous IRF5 Dimerization
Meijun Wang 1, King Hoo Lim 1, Kwan Ting Chow 1
1Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong

A native Western blot method for analyzing endogenous interferon regulatory factor 5 dimerization in the CAL-1 plasmacytoid dendritic cell line is described. This protocol can be applied to other cell lines as well.

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Developmental Biology

Monocular Visual Deprivation and Ocular Dominance Plasticity Measurement in the Mouse Primary Visual Cortex
Ke Chen *1,2, Yilei Zhao *1, Ting Liu 1, Zhaohao Su 1, Huiliang Yu 1, Leanne Lai Hang Chan 3,4, Tiejun Liu 1,2, Dezhong Yao 1,2
1The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroInformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2Sichuan Institute for Brain Science and Brain-inspired Intelligence, 3Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 4Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong

Here, we present detailed protocols for monocular visual deprivation and ocular dominance plasticity analysis, which are important methods for studying the neural mechanisms of visual plasticity during the critical period and the effects of specific genes on visual development.

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Biology

Photogrammetric Three-dimensional Modeling and Printing of Cetacean Skeleton using an Omura's Whale Stranded in Hong Kong Waters as an Example
Brian C. W. Kot *1,2, Henry C. L. Tsui 2, Tabris Y. T. Chung 2, Wo Wing Cheng 1, Thomas Mui 1, Madelyn Y. L. Lo 3, Tadasu K. Yamada 4, Kent Mori 4, Richard A. L. Brown *1
1Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 2State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 3Office of the Vice-President (Development & External Relations), City University of Hong Kong, 4National Museum of Nature and Science

The bone morphology of a semi-degreased baleen whale was documented by photogrammetry with a DSLR camera to generate three-dimensional (3D) models by computer, which were 3D printed as half-sized replicas of the original for display and educational purposes.

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Biology

Image Rendering Techniques in Postmortem Computed Tomography: Evaluation of Biological Health and Profile in Stranded Cetaceans
Brian C. W. Kot 1,2, Derek K. P. Chan 3, Tabris Y. T. Chung 1, Henry C. L. Tsui 1
1State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, 2Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, 3School of Medical and Health Sciences, Tung Wah College

The Hong Kong cetacean stranding response program has incorporated postmortem computed tomography, which provides valuable information on the biological health and profile of the deceased animals. This study describes 8 image rendering techniques that are essential for the identification and visualization of postmortem findings in stranded cetaceans, which will help clinicians, veterinarians and stranding response personnel worldwide to fully utilize the radiological modality.

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JoVE Core

Advanced Self-Healing Asphalt Reinforced by Graphene Structures: An Atomistic Insight
Fenghua Nie *1, Wei Jian *1, Denvid Lau 1
1Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, City University of Hong Kong

Graphene-modified asphalt nanocomposite has shown an advanced self-healing ability compared to pure asphalt. In this protocol, molecular dynamics simulations have been applied in order to understand the role of graphene in the self-healing process and to explore the self-healing mechanism of asphalt components from the atomistic level.

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