detection-and-isolation-of-campylobacter-spp-from-raw-meat

Detection and Isolation of <i>Campylobacter </i> spp. from Raw Meat

This article presents a rapid yet robust protocol for isolating Campylobacter spp. from raw meats, specifically focusing on Campylobacter jejuni and ...

modified-most-probable-number-assay-to-quantify-salmonella-raw-ready

Modified Most Probable Number Assay to Quantify <em>Salmonella</em> in Raw and Ready-to-Cook Chicken Products

Salmonella is a leading cause of foodborne illness in the United States, particularly in poultry products. Traditional methods for detecting Salmonella ...

Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Foodborne illness is a common yet preventable public health concern generating significant costs for the healthcare system, making systems to accurately detect this pathogen a topic of current research. Enzyme-based immunoassays are highly desirable because they offer shorter response times compared to traditional culture-based methods. Biosensors employing the electrochemical and optical detection of a substrate oxidized by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) have been used to successfully detect biomolecules; however, their inability to handle large sample volumes severely limits their application to food safety despite their accuracy and reliability. Here, we describe a biosensor with the capacity to process a large sample volume by utilizing an Ag/AgCl reference electrode, a platinum counter electrode, and a porous working electrode made from graphite felt coated with antibodies specific for Salmonella common structural antigens. This design allows samples to flow-through the electrode while capturing target pathogens. Following sample exposure, HRP-conjugated antibodies facilitate pathogen detection that culminates in an oxidation reaction with the output analyzed via Osteryoung square wave voltammetry. Detection limits of 1000 Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium cells were achieved using this newly devised flow-through, enzyme-amplified, electrochemical biosensor in samples as large as 60 mL. The low cost of the sensor allows for incorporation into disposable detection devices while its design not only broadens its applicability in sample processing but also permits the detection of various microbes by simply exchanging the antibodies.

Rapid detection of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium in large volume samples using porous electrodes in a flow-through, enzyme-amplified immunoelectrochemical sensor.

 is a leading bacterial cause of gastrointestinal infections in humans and has imposed substantial medical and public health burdens worldwide. Among a total of 39 species in the  genus,  is the most important species responsible for approx. 90% of human  illness. Most cases of the infection were acquired by ingesting undercooked poultry meat due to the high prevalence of  in the products. Here, we reported the dataset of raw sequences, de novo assembled and annotated genomes of  strains S27, S33, and S36 recently isolated from retail chicken by using PacBio highly accurate long-read sequencing technology combined with bioinformatics tools. Our data revealed several virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in each of the chromosomes, a type IV secretion system in the plasmid (pCjS33) of  S33, and a type VI secretion system and a phage in the plasmid (pCjS36) of  S36. This study not only provides new sequence data but also extends the knowledge pertaining to the genomic and functional aspects of this important foodborne pathogen, including the genetic determinants of virulence and antibiotic resistance.

Whole Genome Sequences, De Novo Assembly, and Annotation of Antibiotic Resistant  Strains S27, S33, and S36 Newly Isolated from Chicken Meat.

 is one of the leading bacterial causes of gastroenteritis worldwide. It frequently contaminates poultry and other raw meat products, which are the primary sources of  infections in humans. Plasmids, known as important mobile genetic elements, often carry genes for antibiotic resistance, virulence, and self-mobilization. They serve as the main vectors for transferring genetic material and spreading resistance and virulence among bacteria. In this study, we identified 34 new plasmids from 43  and  strains isolated from retail meat using long-read and short-read genome sequencing. Pangenomic analysis of the plasmid assemblies and reference plasmids from GenBank revealed five distinct groups, namely, pTet, pVir, mega plasmids (>80 kb), mid plasmids (~30 kb), and small plasmids (<6 kb). Pangenomic analysis identified the core and accessory genes in each group, indicating a high degree of genetic similarity within groups and substantial diversity between the groups. The pTet plasmids were linked to tetracycline resistance phenotypes in host strains. The mega plasmids carry multiple genes (e.g., (3')-III, type IV and VI secretion systems, and type II toxin-antitoxin systems) important for plasmid mobilization, virulence, antibiotic resistance, and the persistence of . Together, the identification and comprehensive genetic characterization of new plasmids from  food isolates contributes to understanding the mechanisms of gene transfer, particularly the spread of genetic determinants of virulence and antibiotic resistance in this important pathogen.

Joe Lee

Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)

Detection and Isolation of Campylobacter spp. from Raw Meat

Modified Most Probable Number Assay to Quantify Salmonella in Raw and Ready-to-Cook Chicken Products