18.1 : 一般的な呼吸器疾患

Respiratory disorders are broadly classified into upper and lower respiratory tract disorders.

Upper respiratory disorders affect the airways above the vocal cords, such as the nose, sinuses, and throat. In contrast, lower respiratory disorders impact the airways below the vocal cords, including the lungs.

Common upper respiratory disorders, such as the common cold and allergic rhinitis, caused by infections, or allergens, lead to nasal congestion, sneezing, coughing, and a runny nose.

Inflammatory conditions such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, and laryngitis are caused by bacterial or viral infections.

Lower respiratory disorders comprise chronic and acute inflammations such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, and pneumonia.

Chronic conditions like asthma can lead to long-term breathing issues, chest tightness, and wheezing.

Bronchitis causes inflammation of the bronchial tubes, while Ppneumonia inflames the alveoli and fills them with pus.

Other respiratory disorders include pulmonary hypertension, and cystic, and pulmonary fibrosis.

Treatment for these disorders includes medications, lifestyle changes, and sometimes, respiratory therapy or surgery.