縦画像は、疾患の進行に従うか、または治療の効果を測定するための前臨床試験で使用されています。腫瘍学では、光学的方法は、腫瘍の成長を監視し、そのような研究では各時点での細胞増殖や遺伝子発現の正確な定量を実現するために厳格なツールを提供しています。解剖学的変化がmicroCTのような高解像度の技法を用いて測定することができますが、長手方向の画像を低X線量は、生物学的なアーチファクトを回避するために使用されている必要があります。光とmicroCT画像は最大の情報が動物モデルから抽出されることを確実に機能し、解剖学的データの組み合わせを提供するために共同で登録することができます。 1。細胞の準備<ol><li> Caliperは、マウスモデルにおける前臨床研究のためのルシフェラーゼ発現する癌細胞株の範囲を提供します。 </li><li> MDA - MB - 231 - lucを- D2H2LNは、in vivoでtumorgenesisの光学的指標として使用できるルシフェラーゼ遺伝子を発現するヒト乳癌細胞株です。この細胞株は、D3H1乳腺脂肪体の腫瘍由来の自発的なリンパ節転移から作成され、積極的に転移を形成することが知られている。 </li><li>細胞は、容易に選択マーカーを必要とせず、標準のメディアで育つ無菌凍結培養物として提供されています。 </li><li>注射の前に動物にルシフェラーゼ活性を確認するには90％コンフルエントフラスコをトリプシン処理によって回収される。ルシフェラーゼ活性をマイクロタイタープレートに50,000細胞を調剤し、連続希釈を行うことによって測定されます。 </li></ol> 2。動物の細胞の心臓内注射<ol><li>注射の前に、動物は3％イソフルランを使用して麻酔する。 </li><li> 1から3000000細胞は、左心室への50ULボリュームに注入されています。細胞懸濁液は、注入のテクニックを検証するために150ug/ml D -ルシフェリンが含まれています。 </li><li>正しい心腔内注射のマウスを確認するには、IVISシステムで撮像する。体全体にBLIの信号を示すマウスが正しく注入されています。信号がローカライズされている場合、細胞は中心部に正しく注入されていない。 </li></ol> 3。 BLIイメージングは​​、転移を監視する<ol><li>イメージングシャトルは、IVISスペクトラムとQuantumFX microCTシステムの両方でデータのキャプチャにマウスをサポートしています。 </li><li>シャトルは、イメージングのための同じ位置で動物を維持するのに役立ちますし、共同登録、自動で支援するために基準信号を内蔵しています。チャンバーは、麻酔を維持するためにisofluoranceの気化器に接続されています。 </li><li>リビングイメージのソフトウェア4.1の​​イメージングウィザードが自動的に露出時間、絞りとビニングを選択し、定量的なデータの収集を確保するために使用することができます。 </li><li>複数の画像を取得し、実験の性質に応じて数秒または数か月をカバーする長期的な研究に比較することができます。 </li><li>細胞の6日目注射後は、IVISスペクトラムとBLIの画像は、9つのマウスのうち7人で骨に転移を示しています。 </li></ol> 4。マイクロCTを用いた骨溶解性病変の長手方向のモニタリング<ol><li> BLIを使用して目に見える明らかな骨転移を示したマウスはQuantum FXマイクロCTシステムで撮像した。 </li><li>量子FXマイクロCTシステムは、前臨床試験で真の長手方向のマイクロCTを有効にするのに十分な低X線量で高品質画像を提供します。 </li><li>両下肢の骨の劣化は、長手方向に分足らずでこのシステムを使用して監視できます。 </li><li>マウスは、イソフルラン3％の麻酔とIVISスペクトラムのシステムから直接転送することができます。 </li><li>二つの60ミリメートルのイメージは、全体の動物のビューをキャプチャするために一緒にステッチされています。 </li><li> 30ミリメートルFOVは、高分解能のイメージング膝関節に最適です。 </li><li>骨転移を測定し、定量化するために十分に高い解像度を持つ単一のスキャンがわずか18秒かかり、唯一の13mGyの線量を提供します。 </li><li>マウスは、動物の腫瘍の成長や健康に影響を与えることなく、マイクロCTシステムで36日間で8回まで画像化した。 </li><li>マイクロCTイメージングは​​、骨のleisionsは、BLIの信号の増加に対応する、10日目に表示されていましたし、非常に急速に進んだことを示した。 </li></ol> 5。 3D BLIとUCTの共同登録と分析<ol><li>一度イメージが三次元再構成に同時登録できるIVISのスペクトルと量子FXマイクロCTシステムのデータの両方でキャプチャされています。 </li><li> MicroCT画像はDICO​​Mファイルとしてエクスポートして、リビングイメージ4.1 3Dマルチモダリティのツールにロードされます。 </li><li>リビングイメージソフトウェアで光信号を再構成する立体的にDLITプログラムを実行します。 </li><li>ソフトウェアの基準ツールは、マイクロCT画像への光BLIの信号を共同登録するために使用されます。 </li><li> Coregisteredデータセットは、ここで我々は骨の溶骨性病変の開発と一緒に転移性腫瘍の成長を追跡している疾患の進行中に複数のパラメータを監視するために定量的に分析することができます。 </li> &lt;/ OL&gt;

<ol>
	<li>Jenkins, D. E., Hornig, Y. S., Oei, Y., Dusich, J., Purchio, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioluminescent+Human+Breast+Cancer+Cell+Lines+that+Permit+Rapid+and+Sensitive+in+vivo+Detection+of+Mammary+Tumors+and+Multiple+Metastases+in+Immune+Deficient+Mice.">Bioluminescent Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines that Permit Rapid and Sensitive in vivo Detection of Mammary Tumors and Multiple Metastases in Immune Deficient Mice.</a> Breast Cancer Research. 7, R444-R454 (2005).</li><li>Cowey, S., Szafran, A. A., Kappes, J., Zinn, K. R., Siegal, G. P., Desmond, R. A., Kim, H., Evans, L., Hardy, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Breast+Cancer+Metastasis+to+Bone:+Evaluation+of+Bioluminescent+Imaging+and+MicroSPECT/CT+for+Detecting+Bone+Metastasis+in+Immunodeficient+Mice.">Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone: Evaluation of Bioluminescent Imaging and MicroSPECT/CT for Detecting Bone Metastasis in Immunodeficient Mice.</a> Clinical and Experimental Metastasis. 24, 389-401 (2007).</li><li>Labrinidis, A., Hay, S., Liapis, V., Ponomarev, V., Findlay, D. M., Evdokiou, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zoledronic+Acid+Inhibits+Both+the+Osteolytic+and+Osteoblastic+Components+of+Osteosarcoma+Lesions+in+a+Mouse+Model.">Zoledronic Acid Inhibits Both the Osteolytic and Osteoblastic Components of Osteosarcoma Lesions in a Mouse Model.</a> Clinical Cancer Research. 15, (2009).</li><li>Kaijzel, E. L., Pluijm, G. v. a. n. d. e. r., Lowik, C. W. G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole-Body+Optical+Imaging+in+Animal+Models+to+Assess+Cancer+Development+and+Progression.">Whole-Body Optical Imaging in Animal Models to Assess Cancer Development and Progression.</a> Clinical Cancer Research. 13, 3490-3497 (2007).</li><li>Minn, A. J., Kang, Y., Serganova, I., Gupta, G. P., Giri, D. D., Doubrovin, M., Ponomarev, V., Gerald, W. L., Blasberg, R., Massague, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+Organ-Specific+Metastatic+Potential+of+Individual+Breast+Cancer+Cells+and+Primary+Tumors.">Distinct Organ-Specific Metastatic Potential of Individual Breast Cancer Cells and Primary Tumors.</a> The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115, (2005).</li><li>Xu, H., Christensen, A., Kuo, C., Nilson, D., Lim, E., Whalen, J., Kim, J. B., Zhang, N., Singh, R., Oldfield, S., Troy, T., Rice, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Co-registration+of+in+vivo+Optical+Tomography+and+Micro-CT+for+Longitudinal+Studies.">Co-registration of in vivo Optical Tomography and Micro-CT for Longitudinal Studies.</a> Word Molecular Imaging Congress. , (2010).</li></ol>

著者は、この記事で紹介楽器を作るキャリパーライフサイエンスの従業員です。

microCTと小動物イメージングは​​、腫瘍の開発（。。; Labrinidisら、2009 Coweyら2007）などの病理学的条件下での監視溶骨性病変に適用されている。ルシフェラーゼ標識した腫瘍の生物発光イメージングを広く事前に臨床的に採用されているように、生物発光とmicroCT画像の共同登録は生物発光信号（Kaijzelら、2007）の解剖学的位置のより良い定義を提供する。ルシフェラーゼというラベルの乳房の腫瘍細胞株MDA - MB - 231 -リュック- D3H2LNと以前の研究では、イントラ心臓注射後の骨と溶骨性病変の発生に転移を示した（ジェンキンスら、2005;。ミンら、2005）。本研究では、組合せ、光と全身MDA - MB - 231 - lucを- D3H2LN転移モデルと低放射線線量microCTイメージングによる腫瘍転移と溶骨性活動の縦断的研究を検討した。我々は新しく開発されたリビングイメージ4.1ソフトウェア（恒ら、2010）とIVISスペクトラムと量子FX microCTシステムと達成生物発光とCTの共同登録を連続イメージングを行った。 IVISによる生物発光イメージングは​​腫瘍を早期に検出できるように、高感度を持つ腫瘍細胞の非侵襲的な検出を提供します。量子FXとイメージングは​​、骨病変および詳細な解剖学的情報の正確な三次元再構成を可能にします。量子FXシステムは、疾患の進行の長手方向の監視を可能にする低放射線量イメージングを、提供しています。骨病変および腫瘍転移の相関は、共同登録画像に描かれ、そして病変開発のマルチモダリティの追跡の利点は、縦方向に明確に実証された。

monitoring tumor metastases and osteolytic lesions with bioluminescence and micro ct imaging

nu / nuマウスにMDA - MB - 231 - lucを- D3H2LN細胞の以下の心臓内の配達、注入された動物に開発された全身転移。 IVISスペクトラムを用いた生物発光イメージングは​​腫瘍の信号とその位置を測定するためにDLIT再建を含む配信手順に従って腫瘍細胞の分布と発展を監視するために採用した。 脛骨と大腿骨に溶骨性活動および病変のトリガー骨組織への転移病変の開発は、マイクロCTを用いて縦方向に評価した。イメージング、高速イメージングと低X線量で量子FXマイクロCTシステムを用いて行った。低放射線量では、複数のイメージングセッションがはるかにLD50以下累積X線量で実行することができます。マウスのイメージングシャトルのデバイスは、順次画像にIVISスペクトラムと量子FXの両方を持つマウスは、生​​物発光とCT画像の両方で正確な動物の位置決めを達成するために使用されました。光学とCTデータセットは、リビングイメージ4.1ソフトウェアを使用して、3 dimentionsで共同登録されていた。このマルチモードのアプローチは、溶骨性活動と同時に、腫瘍の成長と発展の綿密なモニタリングが可能になります。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Monitoring Tumor Metastases and Osteolytic Lesions with Bioluminescence and Micro CT Imaging at JoVE.com

Monitoring Tumor Metastases and Osteolytic Lesions with Bioluminescence and Micro CT Imaging

骨転移の実験的マウスモデルは、ルシフェラーゼを発現する乳腺腫瘍細胞の心臓内の送達後に設立されました。開発腫瘍と溶骨性病変の結果は、生物発光とマイクロCT画像を縦方向にモニターした。

生物発光とマイクロCTイメージングで腫瘍転移と溶骨性病変の監視

Following intracardiac delivery of MDA-MB-231-luc-D3H2LN cells to Nu/Nu mice, systemic metastases developed in the injected animals. Bioluminescence ...

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ビデオ: Monitoring Tumor Metastases and Osteolytic Lesions with Bioluminescence and Micro CT Imaging

In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia Dynamics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis in a Mouse Model

It is well recognized that tumor hypoxia plays an important role in promoting malignant progression and affecting therapeutic response negatively. There is little knowledge about in situ, in vivo, tumor hypoxia during intracranial development of malignant brain tumors because of lack of efficient means to monitor it in these deep-seated orthotopic tumors. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI), based on the detection of light emitted by living cells expressing a luciferase gene, has been rapidly adopted for cancer research, in particular, to evaluate tumor growth or tumor size changes in response to treatment in preclinical animal studies. Moreover, by expressing a reporter gene under the control of a promoter sequence, the specific gene expression can be monitored non-invasively by BLI. Under hypoxic stress, signaling responses are mediated mainly via the hypoxia inducible factor-1&alpha; (HIF-1&alpha;) to drive transcription of various genes. Therefore, we have used a HIF-1&alpha; reporter construct, 5HRE-ODD-luc, stably transfected into human breast cancer MDA-MB231 cells (MDA-MB231/5HRE-ODD-luc). In vitro HIF-1&alpha; bioluminescence assay is performed by incubating the transfected cells in a hypoxic chamber (0.1% O2) for 24 hr before BLI, while the cells in normoxia (21% O2) serve as a control. Significantly higher photon flux observed for the cells under hypoxia suggests an increased HIF-1&alpha; binding to its promoter (HRE elements), as compared to those in normoxia. Cells are injected directly into the mouse brain to establish a breast cancer brain metastasis model. In vivo bioluminescence imaging of tumor hypoxia dynamics is initiated 2 wks after implantation and repeated once a week. BLI reveals increasing light signals from the brain as the tumor progresses, indicating increased intracranial tumor hypoxia. Histological and immunohistochemical studies are used to confirm the in vivo imaging results. Here, we will introduce approaches of in vitro HIF-1&alpha; bioluminescence assay, surgical establishment of a breast cancer brain metastasis in a nude mouse and application of in vivo bioluminescence imaging to monitor intracranial tumor hypoxia.

In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia Dynamics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis in a Mouse Model

Bioluminescence imaging of hypoxia inducible factor-1&alpha; activity is applied to monitor intracranial tumor hypoxia development in a breast cancer brain metastasis mouse model.

マウスモデルにおける乳がんの脳転移の腫瘍の低酸素動態の in vivo生物発光イメージングに

It is well recognized that tumor hypoxia plays an important role in promoting malignant progression and affecting therapeutic response negatively. There ...

医学

Osmotic Drug Delivery to Ischemic Hindlimbs and Perfusion of Vasculature with Microfil for Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging

Preclinical research in animal models of peripheral arterial disease plays a vital role in testing the efficacy of therapeutic agents designed to stimulate microcirculation. The choice of delivery method for these agents is important because the route of administration profoundly affects the bioactivity and efficacy of these agents1,2. In this article, we demonstrate how to locally administer a substance in ischemic hindlimbs by using a catheterized osmotic pump. This pump can deliver a fixed volume of aqueous solution continuously for an allotted period of time. We also present our mouse model of unilateral hindlimb ischemia induced by ligation of the common femoral artery proximal to the origin of profunda femoris and epigastrica arteries in the left hindlimb. Lastly, we describe the in vivo cannulation and ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta and perfusion of the hindlimb vasculature with Microfil, a silicone radiopaque casting agent. Microfil can perfuse and fill the entire vascular bed (arterial and venous), and because we have ligated the major vascular conduit for exit, the agent can be retained in the vasculature for future ex vivo imaging with the use of small specimen micro-CT3.

We show here the in vivo insertion of an osmotic pump for constant local drug delivery and the creation of hindlimb ischemia in a mouse model. Moreover, the hindlimb vasculature is perfused with Microfil, a silicone radiopaque agent, to prepare for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging.

マイクロコンピュータ断層撮影イメージング用Microfilで虚血後肢と血管系の灌流に浸透ドラッグデリバリー

Preclinical research in animal models of peripheral arterial disease plays a vital role in testing the efficacy of therapeutic agents designed to ...

Bioluminescence Imaging of an Immunocompetent Animal Model for Glioblastoma

In contrast to commonly reported human glioma xenograft animal models, GL261 murine glioma xenografts recapitulate nearly all relevant clinical and histopathologic features of the human disease. When GL261 cells are implanted intracranially in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, the model has the added advantage of maintaining an intact immune microenvironment. Stable expression of luciferase in GL261 cells allows non-invasive cost effective bioluminescence monitoring of intracranial tumor growth. We have recently demonstrated that luciferase expression in GL261 cells does not affect the tumor growth properties, tumor cell immunomodulatory cytokine expression, infiltration of immune cells into the tumor, or overall survival of animals bearing the intracranial tumor. Therefore, it appears that the GL261 luciferase glioma model can be useful in the study of novel chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic modalities. Here we report the technique for generating stable luciferase expression in GL261 cells and how to study the in vitro and in vivo growth of the tumor cells by bioluminescence imaging.

GL261 glioma cells provide a useful immunocompetent animal model of glioblastoma. The goals of this protocol are to demonstrate proper techniques for monitoring intracranial tumor growth using in vivo bioluminescence imaging, and to verify the utility of luciferase-modified GL261 cells for studying tumor immunology and immunotherapeutic approaches for treating glioblastoma.

神経膠芽腫のための免疫担当動物モデルの生物発光イメージング

In contrast to commonly reported human glioma xenograft animal models, GL261 murine glioma xenografts recapitulate nearly all relevant clinical and ...

Bioluminescence-Based Tumor Quantification Method for Monitoring Tumor Progression and Treatment Effects in Mouse Lymphoma Models

Although bioluminescence imaging (BLI) shows promise for monitoring tumor burden in animal models of cancer, these analyses remain mostly qualitative. Here we describe a method for bioluminescence imaging to obtain a semi-quantitative analysis of tumor burden and treatment response. This method is based on the calculation of a luminoscore, a value that allows comparisons of two animals from the same or different experiments. Current BLI instruments enable the calculation of this luminoscore, which relies mainly on the acquisition conditions (back and front acquisitions) and the drawing of the region of interest (manual markup around the mouse). Using two previously described mouse lymphoma models based on cell engraftment, we show that the luminoscore method can serve as a noninvasive way to verify successful tumor cell inoculation, monitor tumor burden, and evaluate the effects of in situ cancer treatment (CpG-DNA). Finally, we show that this method suits different experimental designs. We suggest that this method be used for early estimates of treatment response in preclinical small-animal studies.

Bioluminescence imaging is a well-known tool for localizing tumors and metastases, but quantification of these images often requires complex calculations and particular instruments. We describe the easy-to-use luminoscore method, based on precise acquisition conditions, requiring no calculations, and enabling tumor burden and treatment response to be monitored in mouse models.

マウスリンパ腫モデルで腫瘍の進行と治療効果を監視するための生物発光に基づく腫瘍の定量法

Although bioluminescence imaging (BLI) shows promise for monitoring tumor burden in animal models of cancer, these analyses remain mostly qualitative. ...

Combined Near-infrared Fluorescent Imaging and Micro-computed Tomography for Directly Visualizing Cerebral Thromboemboli

Direct thrombus imaging visualizes the root cause of thromboembolic infarction. Being able to image thrombus directly allows far better investigation of stroke than relying on indirect measurements, and will be a potent and robust vascular research tool. We use an optical imaging approach that labels thrombi with a molecular imaging thrombus marker&#160;&#8212; a Cy5.5 near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probe that is covalently linked to the fibrin strands of the thrombus by the fibrin-crosslinking enzymatic action of activated coagulation factor XIIIa during the process of clot maturation. A micro-computed tomography (microCT)-based approach uses thrombus-seeking gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized to target the major component of the clot: fibrin. This paper describes a detailed protocol for the combined in vivo microCT and ex vivo NIRF imaging of thromboemboli in a mouse model of embolic stroke. We show that in vivo microCT and fibrin-targeted glycol-chitosan AuNPs (fib-GC-AuNPs) can be used for visualizing both in situ thrombi and cerebral embolic thrombi. We also describe the use of in vivo microCT-based direct thrombus imaging to serially monitor the therapeutic effects of tissue plasminogen activator-mediated thrombolysis. After the last imaging session, we demonstrate by ex vivo NIRF imaging the extent and the distribution of residual thromboemboli in the brain. Finally, we describe quantitative image analyses of microCT and NIRF imaging data. The combined technique of direct thrombus imaging allows two independent methods of thrombus visualization to be compared: the area of thrombus-related fluorescent signal on ex vivo NIRF imaging vs. the volume of hyperdense microCT thrombi in vivo.

This protocol describes the application of combined near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging and micro-computed tomography (microCT) for visualizing cerebral thromboemboli. This technique allows the quantification of thrombus burden and evolution. The NIRF imaging technique visualizes fluorescently labeled thrombus in excised brain, while the microCT technique visualizes thrombus inside living animals using gold-nanoparticles.

直接脳血栓塞栓を可視化するための複合近赤外蛍光イメージングおよびマイクロコンピュータ断層撮影

Direct thrombus imaging visualizes the root cause of thromboembolic infarction. Being able to image thrombus directly allows far better investigation of ...

Determining Glucose Metabolism Kinetics Using 18F-FDG Micro-PET/CT

This paper describes the use of 18F-FDG and micro-PET/CT imaging to determine in vivo glucose metabolism kinetics in mice (and is transferable to rats). Impaired uptake and metabolism of glucose in multiple organ systems due to insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. The ability of this technique to extract an image-derived input function from the vena cava using an iterative deconvolution method eliminates the requirement of the collection of arterial blood samples. Fitting of tissue and vena cava time activity curves to a two-tissue, three compartment model permits the estimation of kinetic micro-parameters related to the 18F-FDG uptake from the plasma to the intracellular space, the rate of transport from intracellular space to plasma and the rate of 18F-FDG phosphorylation. This methodology allows for multiple measures of glucose uptake and metabolism kinetics in the context of longitudinal studies and also provides insights into the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.

Determining Glucose Metabolism Kinetics Using 18F-FDG Micro-PET/CT

This study describes a protocol that uses 18F-FDG and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, together with kinetic modelling, to quantify the in vivo, real-time uptake of 18F-FDG into tissues.

使用するグルコース代謝動態を決定します<sup&gt; 18</sup&gt; F-FDGマイクロPET / CT

This paper describes the use of 18F-FDG and micro-PET/CT imaging to determine in vivo glucose metabolism kinetics in mice (and is transferable to rats). ...

Induction and Micro-CT Imaging of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Mouse Model

Mutations in the CCM1 (aka KRIT1), CCM2, or CCM3 (aka PDCD10) gene cause cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) in humans. Mouse models of CCM disease have been established by tamoxifen induced deletion of Ccm genes in postnatal animals. These mouse models provide invaluable tools to investigate molecular mechanism and therapeutic approaches for CCM disease. An accurate and quantitative method to assess lesion burden and progression is essential to harness the full value of these animal models. Here, we demonstrate the induction of CCM disease in a mouse model and the use of the contrast enhanced X-ray micro computed tomography (micro-CT) method to measure CCM lesion burden in mouse brains. At postnatal day 1 (P1), we used 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4HT) to activate Cre recombinase activity from the Cdh5-CreErt2 transgene to cleave the floxed allele of Ccm2. CCM lesions in mouse brains were analyzed at P8. For micro-CT, iodine based Lugol&#39;s solution was used to enhance contrast in brain tissue. We have optimized the scan parameters and utilized a voxel dimension of 9.5 &#181;m, which lead to a minimum feature size of approximately 25 &#181;m. This resolution is sufficient to measure CCM lesion volume and number globally and accurately, and provide high-quality 3-D mapping of CCM lesions in mouse brains. This method enhances the value of the established mouse models to study the molecular basis and potential therapies for CCM and other cerebrovascular diseases.

This protocol demonstrates the induction of cerebral cavernous malformation disease in a mouse model and uses contrast enhanced micro computed tomography to measure lesion burden. This method enhances the value of established mouse models to study the molecular basis and potential therapies for cerebral cavernous malformation and other cerebrovascular diseases.

誘導およびマウス モデルにおける脳海綿静脈奇形のマイクロ CT イメージング

Mutations in the CCM1 (aka KRIT1), CCM2, or CCM3 (aka PDCD10) gene cause cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) in humans. Mouse models of CCM disease have ...

Quantitative Micro-CT Analysis of Aortopathy in a Mouse Model of &#946;-aminopropionitrile-induced Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection

Aortic aneurysm and dissection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the population and can be highly lethal. While animal models of aortic disease exist, in vivo imaging of the vasculature has been limited. In recent years, micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT) has emerged as a preferred modality for imaging both large and small vessels both in vivo and ex vivo. In conjunction with a method of vascular casting, we have successfully used micro-CT to characterize the frequency and distribution of aortic pathology in &#946;-aminopropionitrile-treated C57/Bl6 mice. Technical limitations of this method include variations in the quality of the perfusion introduced by poor animal preparation, the application of proper methodologies for vessel size quantification, and the non-survivability of this procedure. This article details a methodology for the intravascular perfusion of a lead-based radiopaque silicone rubber for the quantitative characterization of aortopathy in a mouse model of aneurysm and dissection. In addition to visualizing aortic pathology, this method may be used for examining other vascular beds in vivo or vascular beds removed post-mortem.

Quantitative Micro-CT Analysis of Aortopathy in a Mouse Model of &amp;#946;-aminopropionitrile-induced Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection

This article describes a detailed methodology of using a radiopaque lead-based silicone rubber to perfuse the murine vasculature for aortic diameter quantification in a mouse model of aortic aneurysm and dissection.

Aortopathy β-アミノプロピオニ トリルによる大動脈瘤と解離のマウスモデルでのマイクロ CT 定量分析

Aortic aneurysm and dissection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the population and can be highly lethal. While animal models of ...

Dual Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Progression and Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis, as a crucial process of tumor progression, has become a research hotspot and target of anti-tumor therapy. However, there is no reliable model for tracing tumor progression and angiogenesis simultaneously in a visual and sensitive manner. Bioluminescence imaging displays its unique superiority in living imaging due to its advantages of high sensitivity, strong specificity, and accurate measurement. Presented here is a protocol to establish a tumor-bearing mouse model by injecting a Renilla luciferase-labeled murine breast cancer cell line 4T1 into the transgenic mouse with angiogenesis-induced Firefly luciferase expression. This mouse model provides a valuable tool to simultaneously monitor tumor progression and angiogenesis in real-time by dual bioluminescence imaging in a single mouse. This model may be widely applied in anti-tumor drug screening and oncology research.

This protocol describes the establishment of a tumor-bearing mouse model to monitor tumor progression and angiogenesis in real-time by dual bioluminescence imaging.

腫瘍進行と血管新生の二重生物発光イメージング

Angiogenesis, as a crucial process of tumor progression, has become a research hotspot and target of anti-tumor therapy. However, there is no reliable ...

Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor

Capnography is commonly used to monitor patient&#8217;s ventilatory status. While sidestream capnography has been shown to provide a reliable assessment of end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2), its accuracy is commonly validated using commercial kits composed of a capnography monitor and its matching disposable nasal cannula sampling lines. The purpose of this study was to assess the compatibility and accuracy of cross-paired capnography sampling lines with a single portable bedside capnography monitor. A series of 4 bench tests were performed to evaluate the tensile strength, rise time, ETCO2 accuracy as a function of respiratory rate, and ETCO2 accuracy in the presence of supplemental O2. Each bench test was performed using specialized, validated equipment to allow for a full evaluation of sampling line performance. The 4 bench tests successfully differentiated between sampling lines from different commercial sources and suggested that due to increased rise time and decreased ETCO2 accuracy, not all nasal cannula sampling lines provide reliable clinical data when cross-paired with a commercial capnography monitor. Care should be taken to ensure that any cross-pairing of capnography monitors and disposable sampling lines is fully validated for use across respiratory rates and supplemental O2 flow rates commonly encountered in clinical settings.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of capnography sampling lines used in conjunction with a portable bedside capnography monitor. Sampling lines from 7 manufacturers were evaluated for tensile strength, rise time, and ETCO2 accuracy as a function of respiratory rate or supplemental oxygen flow rate.

ポータブル・キャプノグラフィー・モニターで使用した場合の、キャポグラフィー・サンプリング・ラインの適合性と精度の評価

Capnography is commonly used to monitor patient&#8217;s ventilatory status. While sidestream capnography has been shown to provide a reliable assessment ...