著者らは、CD - 1マウスを提供するためのチャールズ川、ドイツに感謝したいと思います。我々はまた、ロビンシュナイダーと住宅のマウスのサポートのための中心的な生物学研究室のスタッフに感謝。私たちは親切に寛大に研究施設や資源を提供するための優れた技術支援と教授クルトBurkiためフローラのニコルズに感謝。

<ol>
	<li>Cesarovic, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isoflurane+and+sevoflurane+provide+equally+effective+anesthesia+in+laboratory+mice.">Isoflurane and sevoflurane provide equally effective anesthesia in laboratory mice.</a> Lab. Anim. 44, 329-336 (2010).</li><li>Gross, V., Luft, F. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exercising+restraint+in+measuring+blood+pressure+in+conscious+mice.">Exercising restraint in measuring blood pressure in conscious mice.</a> Hypertension. 41, 879-881 (2003).</li><li>Kramer, K., Kinter, L. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+and+applications+of+radiotelemetry+in+small+laboratory+animals.">Evaluation and applications of radiotelemetry in small laboratory animals.</a> Physiol. Genomics. 13, 197-205 (2003).</li><li>Kramer, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Use+of+telemetry+to+record+electrocardiogram+and+heart+rate+in+freely+moving+mice.">Use of telemetry to record electrocardiogram and heart rate in freely moving mice.</a> J. Pharmacol. Toxicol. Methods. 30, 209-215 (1993).</li><li>Arras, M., Rettich, A., Cinelli, P., Kasermann, H. P., Burki, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+post-laparotomy+pain+in+laboratory+mice+by+telemetric+recording+of+heart+rate+and+heart+rate+variability.">Assessment of post-laparotomy pain in laboratory mice by telemetric recording of heart rate and heart rate variability.</a> BMC. Vet. Res. 3, 16-16 (2007).</li><li>Schuler, B., Rettich, A., Vogel, J., Gassmann, ., Arras, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimized+surgical+techniques+and+postoperative+care+improve+survival+rates+and+permit+accurate+telemetric+recording+in+exercising+mice.">Optimized surgical techniques and postoperative care improve survival rates and permit accurate telemetric recording in exercising mice.</a> BMC. Vet. Res. 5, 28-28 (2009).</li><li>Pritchett-Corning, K. R., Mulder, G. B., Luo, Y., White, W. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Principles+of+Rodent+Surgery+for+the+New+Surgeon.">Principles of Rodent Surgery for the New Surgeon.</a> J. Vis. Exp. (47), e2586-e2586 (2011).</li><li>Rettich, A., Kasermann, H. P., Pelczar, P., Burki, K., Arras, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+physiological+and+behavioral+impact+of+sensory+contact+among+unfamiliar+adult+mice+in+the+laboratory.">The physiological and behavioral impact of sensory contact among unfamiliar adult mice in the laboratory.</a> J. Appl. Anim. Welf. Sci. 9, 277-288 (2006).</li><li>Spani, D., Arras, M., Konig, B., Rulicke, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Higher+heart+rate+of+laboratory+mice+housed+individually+vs+in+pairs.">Higher heart rate of laboratory mice housed individually vs in pairs.</a> Lab. Anim. 37, 54-62 (2003).</li><li>Zeller, A., Arras, M., Jurd, R., Rudolph, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mapping+the+contribution+of+beta3-containing+GABAA+receptors+to+volatile+and+intravenous+general+anesthetic+actions.">Mapping the contribution of beta3-containing GABAA receptors to volatile and intravenous general anesthetic actions.</a> BMC. Pharmacol. 7, 2-2 (2007).</li><li>Zeller, A., Arras, M., Jurd, R., Rudolph, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+a+molecular+target+mediating+the+general+anesthetic+actions+of+pentobarbital.">Identification of a molecular target mediating the general anesthetic actions of pentobarbital.</a> Mol. Pharmacol. 71, 852-859 (2007).</li><li>Arras, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvement+of+pain+therapy+in+laboratory+mice.">Improvement of pain therapy in laboratory mice.</a> Altex. 24, 6-8 (2007).</li></ol>

利害の衝突は宣言されません。

Radiotelemetryは、生物医学研究における生理学的パラメータの測定の従来の方法に強力な代替手段です。植込み型送信機、受信機とデータの収集と分析のハードウェアとソフトウェアで構成される高品質のテレメトリシステムは、さらにマウスなどの小動物のために、現在市販されている。テレメトリーは、自由にマウスを移動させる、奔放からのデータ収集のための現在利用​​可能な唯一の手法を表しています。このメソッドを使用して、それはこのように動物とその結果として、実験の成果物へのストレスを最小限に抑え、そして/または、自分の使い慣れた環境内に存在する動物から長期間継続的にデータを収集することが可能になりました。フォームとリードの位置であっても速い動き（例えば、苦労し実行する、戦う）中または直立姿勢9の信号を得るために最適化されています。従って、正確な測定がで麻酔、ストレス時に、例えば、実験中に取得することができます生産、感染実験、および他の多くの実験的な状況の間に、行動実験中に、トレッドミル上で実行中。 しかし、、信頼性の高い再現性と人為的影響のないデータを得るために、それは環境の影響を除外することが重要である、と我々は標準化された条件の重要性に特に注意を引く。それは部屋がマウスに特に敏感であるために超音波を含む電子と音響ノイズ、、から分離することをお勧めします。測定を行う際に加えて、そのような訪問者や無関係な実験手順としては障害は、、許されるべきである。の影響を（特にホームケージの測定の場合）の干渉を避けるために、すべての必要な畜産の手続きは、各測定を開始する前に部屋に完了する必要があります。加えて、の住宅マウス、特に男性は、グループ、で使用されているか、個別の測定値に影響を与える可能性がありますし、時PLA考慮しなければならない場合nning実験9。また、マウスは、生​​理的パラメータと活性挙動に大きな影響を持つことができる、潜在的またはマニフェスト感染症だけでなく、病気やその他の健康障害以来、健康とマウスの病原体の自由でなければなりません。したがって、マウスは移植後完全に回復する必要があり、実験を開始する前に送信機、軸受に適応するのに十分な時間が与えられる。 マウスのradiotelemetryによるデータ収集は、テレメトリ送信機の予備的な外科的移植を必要とします。これは、組織の外傷や、その後の痛みや苦痛を最小限にするために外科的なスキルと訓練を受けた担当者のみが実行する必要があります。 （マイクロ）基本的な、あるいは高度な手術技能を保持している実験者の場合は、その手順を確立しての仕様に慣れるための訓練のインプラントを（メーカーが提供する、すなわち、ダミー、）を使用して新鮮なマウスの死体の最初の臨床試験を行うことが推奨されこのような手術の。このような訓練の後、ほとんどの実験者は、成功と送信機のこのタイプを移植すると、いくつかの埋め込み使用後に有用な能力を到達することが可能となります。 無菌状態は、微生物学的負担と低感染の危険性を保つために手術中に維持されるべきである。しかし、完全な無菌性があるため、一部のマウスで特定の、不妊相反する条件（例えば、大規模な髪のクリッピングと消毒の冷却効果、傷を保護するために包帯が非現実的）から提供することができます。従って、抗感染症予防は移植時に投与する。よく合った鎮痛治療と明確に定義されたモニタリング計画だけでなく、適切な術後ケアの実験の満足のいく結果に重要な役割を果たします。 全体的に、マウスの遠隔測定送信機の外科的移植は動物のためのストレスになります。特に、仕様の遺伝子改変した場合国総研マウス系統は表現型に影響を与え、移植がリスクであるかもしれない後に動物の身体の状態、周術期の時間枠における合併症と増加した死亡率を損なう。不必要な苦痛を避けるために、不満足な回復または長期の回復期を示す個体は実験から解放され、瀕死の段階に到達する前に犠牲にする必要があります。この目的のために、データシート（表1：一般的な状態と健康状態のモニタリングデータシート）の重要な症状の体系的なモニタリングを促進し、人間的なエンドポイントに関するアドバイスを提供することが確立されています。したがって、回復は、関係当局と動物実験（例えば、担当する動物福祉団体への透過的なこの方法論（すなわち注入の手順と術後の回復）の導電を行う医療記録や実験室ジャーナル、の様式に記載されていますIACUC）。

Corrections in the Protocol and Discussion sections have been made to: Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice
Step 1.2 in the Protocol has been updated from:
1.2 Hair clipping at one day prior to surgery
The day prior to implantation, in order to shave the animals for surgery, mice are anesthetized briefly in a small (8x8x8cm) Perspex chamber using sevoflurane (8%) or isoflurane (5%) in pure oxygen (600 mL/min). After loss of the righting reflex, the mouse is taken out of the chamber and the anterior neck and abdominal hair is clipped with the animal lying in dorsal recumbence; anesthesia is maintained for approximately 5 minutes with a nose mask with sevoflurane 3-4% or isoflurane 1.5-3% in pure oxygen at a flow rate of 600 mL/min. After clipping the hair, the animals are allowed to awaken and are then brought back to their home cage.
to:
After the last health check or directly prior surgery, in order to shave the animals for surgery, mice are anesthetized briefly in a small (8x8x8cm) Perspex chamber using sevoflurane (8%) or isoflurane (5%) in pure oxygen (600 mL/min). Shaving the animals one day before surgery prevents hair stubbles in the operating field. After loss of the righting reflex, the mouse is taken out of the chamber and the anterior neck and abdominal hair is clipped with the animal lying in dorsal recumbence; anesthesia is maintained for approximately 5 minutes with a nose mask with sevoflurane 3-4% or isoflurane 1.5-3% in pure oxygen at a flow rate of 600 mL/min. After clipping the hair, the animals are allowed to awaken and are then brought back to their home cage.
Step 2.3 in the Protocol has been updated from:
2.3 Surgery
The skin of the anterior neck and abdominal region is disinfected with 70% ethanol. A 1- to 1.5-cm-long incision in the skin is made from the lower thorax along the midline to the abdomen. The negative (white/colourless) lead is tunnelled subcutaneously from the thorax to the neck, where a small incision (&#8804;0.5 cm) is made in the longitudinal direction. The skin and underlying tissues are prepared to make space for the fixation of the wire loop of the electrode. The wire loop is fixed between the muscles located to the right of the trachea, using two thin silk sutures (PERMA-Handseide, 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany). The wound in the neck is then closed with absorbable sutures (VICRYL 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) in layers. The abdominal wall is then opened at the linea alba and the body of the telemetric transmitter is placed into the abdominal cavity of the mouse. The wire loop of the positive (red) electrode is sutured to the xiphoid process with silk sutures in such a way that it lies between the liver and the diaphragm in the left upper abdominal region (Figure 2). Then, the muscle layers of the abdominal region are closed with absorbable sutures (VICRYL 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany). Before finally closing the abdominal wall, a mixture of Sulfadoxin and Trimethoprim [(30 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively; dissolved in 1 mL of saline (0.9%) and at approximately body temperature (38-39&#176;C)] is injected into the abdominal cavity for the purposes of anti-infective prophylaxis and to support fluid homeostasis. Finally, the skin of the abdominal region is restored with staples (Precise, 3 M Health Care, St. Paul, MN, USA).
to:
2.3 Surgery
The skin of the anterior neck and abdominal region is disinfected for 5 minutes with 70% ethanol, chlorhexidine or iodine using a soaked cotton swab. A 1- to 1.5-cm-long incision in the skin is made from the lower thorax along the midline to the abdomen. The negative (white/colourless) lead is tunnelled subcutaneously from the thorax to the neck, where a small incision (&#8804;0.5 cm) is made in the longitudinal direction. The skin and underlying tissues are prepared to make space for the fixation of the wire loop of the electrode. The wire loop is fixed between the muscles located to the right of the trachea, using two thin silk sutures (PERMA-Handseide, 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany). The wound in the neck is then closed with absorbable sutures (VICRYL 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany) in layers. The abdominal wall is then opened at the linea alba and the body of the telemetric transmitter is placed into the abdominal cavity of the mouse. The wire loop of the positive (red) electrode is sutured to the xiphoid process with silk sutures in such a way that it lies between the liver and the diaphragm in the left upper abdominal region (Figure 2). Then, the muscle layers of the abdominal region are closed with absorbable sutures (VICRYL 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany). Before finally closing the abdominal wall, a mixture of Sulfadoxin and Trimethoprim [(30 mg/kg and 6 mg/kg, respectively; dissolved in 1 mL of saline (0.9%) and at approximately body temperature (38-39&#176;C)] is injected into the abdominal cavity for the purposes of anti-infective prophylaxis and to support fluid homeostasis. Finally, the skin of the abdominal region is restored with staples (Precise, 3 M Health Care, St. Paul, MN, USA) or intracutaneous, running, absorbable sutures (VICRYL 6-0, Ethicon, Norderstedt, Germany).

Step 3 in the Protocol has been updated from:
3. Post-operative care
After completion of surgery and anesthesia, 0.1 mg/kg of buprenorphine (Temgesic, Essex Chemie AG, Lucerne, Switzerland) and 5 mg/kg of meloxicam (Metacam, Boehringer Ingelheim, Basel, Switzerland) is administered subcutaneously for pain treatment, and the animals are left on the warm (39&#176;C +/-1) surface of the work bench to recover for approximately 2h. Together with pain relief (twice daily: buprenorphine, 0.1 mg/kg and meloxicam 5 mg/kg), supportive therapy consisting of 300 &#956;L glucose (5%) and 300 &#956;L saline (0.9%) warmed to body temperature, is applied subcutaneously twice daily for 4 days. For further recovery support, it is worthwhile providing the animals with an additional drinking bottle containing 15% glucose solution During the recovery period of 4-10 days, it is recommended that the animals are kept warm. Therefore, in our case, the mice are housed in a warming cabinet (30&#176;C +/- 1). Monitoring of general condition and body weight, as well as food and water consumption, is performed once daily according to the general condition and health monitoring data sheet (Table 1) for 10 days post-operatively. Humane endpoints, i.e. the sacrifice of an animal to avoid unnecessary suffering and pain if progression of recovery is unsatisfactory, are realised under the following conditions:
i. If in poor general condition, i.e. the animal is substantially apathetic (no movement after being touched/pushed) and its body surface feels cold despite warming, the animal should be euthanatized immediately
ii. If, on day 4 after transmitter implantation, the animal shows clear signs of apathy, is extremely aggressive or does not show any food intake, it should be euthanatized immediately.
iii. On day 8 after transmitter implantation, the animal has to display a clear increase in body weight in comparison to the preceding post-operative days. Moreover, it has to consume at least 80% of the pre-operative daily food intake. If one of these conditions is not met, the animal should be euthanatized immediately.
At 10 days after implantation, the animal is transferred back to the animal room under standard housing conditions. Mice should be housed in compatible groups to allow social interaction and to prevent the adverse effects of long-term individual housing, which can have substantial impacts on the read-out of subsequent experiments8, 9. Mice should have a period of at least 4 weeks convalescence after transmitter implantation before the first experiment is conducted and data acquisition begins.
to:
After completion of surgery and anesthesia, 0.1 mg/kg of buprenorphine (Temgesic, Essex Chemie AG, Lucerne, Switzerland) and 5 mg/kg of meloxicam (Metacam, Boehringer Ingelheim, Basel, Switzerland) is administered subcutaneously for pain treatment, and the animals are left on the warm (39&#176;C +/-1) surface of the work bench to recover for approximately 2h. Together with pain relief (twice daily: buprenorphine, 0.1 mg/kg and meloxicam 5 mg/kg), supportive therapy consisting of 300 &#956;L glucose (5%) and 300 &#956;L saline (0.9%) warmed to body temperature, is injected subcutaneously twice daily for 4 days. For further recovery support, it is worthwhile providing the animals with an additional drinking bottle containing 15% glucose solution During the recovery period of 4-10 days, it is recommended that the animals are kept warm. Therefore, in our case, the mice are housed in a warming cabinet (30&#176;C +/- 1). Monitoring of general condition and body weight, as well as food and water consumption, is performed once daily according to the general condition and health monitoring data sheet (Table 1) for 10 days post-operatively. Humane endpoints, i.e. the sacrifice of an animal to avoid unnecessary suffering and pain if progression of recovery is unsatisfactory, are realised under the following conditions:
i. If in poor general condition, i.e. the animal is substantially apathetic (no movement after being touched/pushed) and its body surface feels cold despite warming, the animal should be euthanatized immediately
ii. If, on day 4 after transmitter implantation, the animal shows clear signs of apathy, is extremely aggressive or does not show any food intake, it should be euthanatized immediately.
iii. On day 8 after transmitter implantation, the animal has to display a clear increase in body weight in comparison to the preceding post-operative days. Moreover, it has to consume at least 80% of the pre-operative daily food intake. If one of these conditions is not met, the animal should be euthanatized immediately.
At 10 days after implantation, the animal is transferred back to the animal room under standard housing conditions. In case staples have been used, these should be removed 7-10 days after surgery; absorbable sutures have not to be removed. Mice should be housed in compatible groups to allow social interaction and to prevent the adverse effects of long-term individual housing, which can have substantial impacts on the read-out of subsequent experiments8, 9. Mice should have a period of at least 4 weeks convalescence after transmitter implantation before the first experiment is conducted and data acquisition begins.
The 4th paragraph in the Discussion has been updated from:
Aseptic conditions should be maintained during surgery to keep the microbiological burden and the risk of infections low. However, complete sterility cannot be provided because of some specific, sterility conflicting conditions in mice (e.g., cooling effect of extensive hair clipping and disinfection, impracticality of bandages to protect the wounds). Thus, anti-infective prophylaxis is administered during the implantation. Well tailored analgesic treatment and a clearly defined monitoring plan as well as adequate post-operative care play a crucial role in the satisfactory outcome of the experiment.
to:
Aseptic conditions should be maintained during surgery to keep the microbiological burden and the risk of infections low. However, if there are doubts that asepsis was breached because of some specific, sterility conflicting conditions in mice (e.g., cooling effect of extensive hair clipping and disinfection, impracticality of bandages to protect the wounds). Anti-infective prophylaxis should be administered during the implantation. Well-tailored analgesic treatment and a clearly defined monitoring plan as well as adequate post-operative care play a crucial role in the satisfactory outcome of the experiment.

Corrections in the Protocol and Discussion sections have been made to: Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice

Erratum: Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice

implantation of radiotelemetry transmitters yielding data on ecg, heart rate, core body temperature and activity in free-moving laboratory mice

実験用マウスは、学界と製薬業界の両方で、ほとんどの生物医学研究のための選択の動物種です。マウスは、管理可能なサイズと、家には比較的簡単です。これらの要因は、一緒に自然と実験的に誘発された突然変異体の富の可用性と、理想的に研究分野の多種多様に適した実験用マウスを作る。 、心血管薬理学および毒性学的研究では、実験動物の循環系に関連するパラメータの正確な測定がしばしば必要になります。心拍数、心拍変動、およびPQ及びQT間隔の持続時間の決定は、心電図（ECG）記録に基づいています。しかし、信頼性の高い心電図曲線だけでなく、マウスでの中核体温などの生理的データを得ることさえ抑制、テザー、またはセンサーとリード線を接続する必要とする従来の測定技術を、使用して困難になる可能性がありますaesthetized動物。それはよく拘束し、麻酔が生理的パラメータ1、2の主要な人工影響力を持つことが知られているように、この方法で得られたデータは、慎重に解釈する必要があります。 Radiotelemetryは意識して命綱をつけていない動物から収集するデータを可能にします。測定は、自由に動物を移動させるでも実施し、及び動物の近接にあると研究者を必要とせずにすることができます。このように、アーティファクトの知られているソースは回避され、正確で信頼性の高い測定が保証されます。この方法論は、このように実験動物3、4の生理学的パラメータを監視するの最も人道的な方法はこの技術をレンダリング、使用する動物数を減らし、動物間差異を減らすことができます。データ収集の技術とインプラントの小型化に一定の進歩は、それが継続的に生理学的パラメータと運動活性を記録することが可能であることを意味し、もはやウェブ上にリアルタイムでそのような時間、数日あるいは数週間3,5としてeriods。 ここでは、心拍数、心拍変動、およびPQ及びQT間隔がダウンロードされる中核体温、運動活性と生体電位（すなわちonelead ECG）、の連続測定に使用される市販のテレメトリ送信機の移植のための外科的手法について説明freeroaming、命綱をつけていないマウスに設立。我々はまた、移植したマウス5,6,12、幸福と生存率、回収率を向上術後集中治療や痛みの治療のための術前の手続きとプロトコルを提示する。

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Implantation of Radiotelemetry Transmitters Yielding Data on ECG, Heart Rate, Core Body Temperature and Activity in Free-moving Laboratory Mice

生体電位の連続測定に使用する市販のテレメトリ送信機の移植のための手術手技（ワンリードECG）、自由に動くマウスの心拍数、体温および運動量が表示されます。お薦めやプロトコル術後ケアと痛みを軽減するため、されても、回復を改善し、生存率も表示されます。

自由に動く実験用マウスの心電図上のデータ、心拍数、体温および活動の要因となるRadiotelemetryトランスミッターの注入

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JoVE Journal

Medicine

40.3K ビュー.  University Hospital Zurich. 生体電位の連続測定に使用する市販のテレメトリ送信機の移植のための手術手技（ワンリードECG）、自由に動くマウスの心拍数、体温および運動量が表示されます。お薦めやプロトコル術後ケアと痛みを軽減するため、されても、回復を改善し、生存率も表示されます。