この作品は、チャールズ·フッド財団からの医学、母子保健研究賞のイェール大学によって資金を供給された。

1。初期化因子を発現するレトロウイルスによるプログラミング<ol><li>ヒト線維芽細胞は線維芽細胞の培地（10％ペン/連鎖球菌を含むDMEM中でFBS）で培養されています。 </li><li> 6ウェルプレートの1ウェルに感染する前に、一日は、プレート1×10 5、ヒト線維芽細胞。 </li><li>死んだ細胞を除去し、新鮮な線維芽細胞の培地2mlを追加するには、培地を吸引除去する。 5μg/ mlの最終濃度で硫酸プロタミンを追加します。 </li><li>慎重に感染多重度（MOI）5に対応する各GFP発現ウイルスの適切な量を追加します。 </li><li>感染後一日、ウイルス上清を除去し、2 mlの線維芽細胞の培地を追加し、2 mlのPBSで3回洗浄する。 </li><li>感染3日後、GFPの蛍光を確認し、2 mlの線維芽細胞培地でウェルを補充する。 </li><li>四日間の上に線維芽細胞培地中で照射したマウス胚性線維芽細胞（MEF）フィーダー細胞の感染は、プレート1×10 4 / cm 2とした後0.1％ゼラチンでコーティングされた10cmのペトリ皿。 37℃で一晩インキュベートします。 </li><li>五日、感染後、1ミリリットル0.05パーセントtypsin / EDTA、5分間37℃、および200 gで5分間遠心分離に感染したヒト線維芽細胞を切り離します。培地を吸引除去し、線維芽細胞の培地10mlので細胞を再懸濁します。プレコート10cmのプレートに細胞を移す。 </li><li> 24時間後、hESCの培地（20％ノックアウト血清代替物、DMEM/F12、0.1ミリリットル非必須アミノ酸、4 ng / mlのbFGFを、ペン/球菌/グルタミン酸、β-merceptoethanol）で培地を交換してください。毎日の培地を変更します。 ESCのようなコロニーは感染後20から27日で表示を開始します。 </li></ol> 2。 iPSCsの分離と拡張<ol><li>蛍光顕微鏡下で、ヒトES細胞に似た形態を示しています。植民地におけるGFP蛍光の有無を確認してください。 </li><li> 10μlのピペットを用いて、個々のIPSCのコロニーをピックアップし、ゼラチンおよびMEF-CoAの1つのウェルに配置しますテッド12ウェルプレートとhESCの培地を添加した。毎日の培地を変更します。 </li><li>継代については、DMEM/F12 1mlでプレートを洗浄し、コラゲナーゼの0.5ミリリットルを追加し、37℃で10分間インキュベート℃、 </li><li> DMEM/F12で細胞を2回洗浄します。 </li><li>新鮮なhESCの培地2mlを追加します。セルリフターを使用して、小さな部分にコロニーを破壊し、プレートから残りの細胞を切り離します。 </li><li>ゼラチンとMEF-コーティングされた6ウェルプレートの1ウェルにコロニーの再懸濁の部分を転送します。 </li></ol> 3。多能性マーカーの免疫蛍光分析<ol><li> PBSで細胞を3回洗浄し、室温で20分間、4％パラホルムアルデヒドで固定します。 </li><li>静かにPBSで細胞を3回洗浄し、30分間PBSでトリトンX-100 0.2％透過性。 </li><li> 2時間のPBSで3％BSAで細胞をインキュベートすることにより、非特異的結合をブロックします。 </li><li> 4℃で一晩一次抗体で細胞をインキュベートします。 </li> &lt;LI&gt; PBSで細胞を3回洗浄し、光から遮蔽し、室温で1時間の特定の二次抗体で細胞をインキュベートします。 </li><li>室温で5分間インキュベートし、続いて最後の洗浄時にPBSおよびアドオンDAPIで細胞を3回洗浄します。 </li><li>蛍光顕微鏡による染色を検出します。 </li></ol> 4。多能性マーカーの定量的リアルタイムPCRアッセイ<ol><li>キアゲン社のRNeasyキットを用いて、ヒト線維芽細胞由来のヒト性IPSCからトータルRNAを分離します。 </li><li> Superscript II逆転写酵素を用いた第一鎖cDNAを合成する。 </li><li>以前に報告されたプライマーを用いて、多能性の遺伝子を検出するために定量PCRを実行します。6 </li></ol> 5。代表的な結果<ol><li> プログラミング時の形態変化 我々は、OCT4、SOX2、KLF4およびMYCを運ぶレトロウイルスのカクテルで、ヒト線維芽細胞BJ1とデトロイト551感染と（ 図1）プログラミング時の形態学的変化を検出することができました。二十一日、感染後、我々は彼らのhESCのような形態で小さなIPSCコロニーを認識しています。さらに、我々はGFPの蛍光により性IPSCを認識しています。そのようなESCと性IPSCとして多能性幹細胞、プロウイルス遺伝子発現7-9を抑制する分子機構を表現しています。当社独自のレトロウイルスベクターは、レトロウイルスLTRで遺伝子を再プログラミングと一緒にGFPを表現しています。したがって、継続的にGFPを発現する細胞は、プロウイルス遺伝子サイレンシングすることなく導入遺伝子を発現するように考えられている。多能性分子ネットワークを取得忠実に再プログラムIPSCコロニーはGFP発現（ 図2）10の不在を示しています。 </li><li> 人間のiPSCsの多能性のキャラクタリゼーション 我々は、TRA-1-81、TRA-1-60、SSEA-4、SSEA-3、OCT4とNANOG抗体を用いた免疫組織化学を経由してデトロイト-551線維芽細胞由来コロニーを分析した（ <stroNG&gt;表2）。首尾よく再プログラム性IPSCは、これらのマーカー（ 図3A）のすべてを表現しています。また、定量的RT-PCR分析を介して遺伝子発現を解析した。我々は、OCT4、SOX2、KLF4、MYCとNANOGの発現が有意に親の線維芽細胞と比較しますが、H9ヒトES細胞（ 図3B）のそれに見合った増加したことを観察した。 </li></ol><img alt="図1" src="/files/ftp_upload/3804/3804fig1.jpg" /> 図1。レトロウイルスに感染したヒト線維芽細胞の形態変化（AD）初期化因子に感染したデトロイト-551線維芽細胞からのコロニーでプログレッシブ形態変化。 5日目（）、10日目（B）、14日目（C）、21日（D）。細胞は21日後hESCのような形態を示しています。 <img alt="図2" src="/files/ftp_upload/3804/3804fig2.jpg" /> 図2。リプログラミングを受けている細胞の代表的GFP蛍光発現。 </strong&gt; BJとデトロイト551線維芽細胞は、4つの初期化因子4を発現するレトロウイルスに感染し、4週間hESCの培地中でインキュベートした。 BJ繊維芽細胞（A、B）とデトロイト551（C、D）は、形態学的類似の表示されます。 21日から、GFP陰性のコロニーは10善意性IPSCを表現する、形成するために開始します。 （E、F）適切なリプログラミングを受けていないデトロイト551細胞の形質転換を示しています。位相コントラストビューの下に（A、C、E）のコロニー。 （B、D）が正しくGFPサイレンシングを示す細胞を再プログラム。形質転換コロニーから（F）明るいGFP発現。 <img alt="図3" src="/files/ftp_upload/3804/3804fig3.jpg" /> 図3。人間の人工多能性幹細胞のキャラクタリゼーション。（a）ヒト551-IPS-K1細胞のコロニーは、多能性細胞に共通のマーカーを発現する。 DAPI染色は、フィールドごとの合計のセルの内容を示しています。 OCT4、SOX2の発現のために（B）定量リアルタイムPCR（RT-QPCR）、KLF4、MYC親のfのibroblast、551-IPS-K1の性IPSC、およびH9ヒト胚性幹細胞（ヒトES細胞）。データは、β-アクチンのハウスキーピング遺伝子に対して正規化し、4親の線維芽細胞での発現レベルを基準にプロットした。

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<p class="jove_content"&gt;私たちは、開示することは何もありません。</p

性IPSCの4つの転写因子の発現は、ヒト線維芽細胞を再プログラムします。多くの試みが臨床的に安全性IPSCを生成するために、非積分または非遺伝的アプローチを用いてヒトの性IPSCを生成するために行われました。これまでのところ、これらのメソッドは非常に低い効率を示し、再現性11月14日を向上させるためにさらに最適化する必要があります。レトロまたはレンチウイルスの方法...

<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Concentration</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue Number</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">hESC medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM/F12</td>
			<td>80%</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11330057</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Knockout Serum Replacer</td>
			<td>20%</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10828-028</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamine (200 mM)</td>
			<td>2 mM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>25030081</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nonessential Amino Acids (10 mM)</td>
			<td>0.1 mM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11140050</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>&beta;-Mercaptoethanol (14.3 M) or MTG</td>
			<td>0.1 mM</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>M-6250</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>bFGF-2 10 &mu;g/ml</td>
			<td>4 ng/ml</td>
			<td>GIBCO/BRL</td>
			<td>GF003AF</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>1%</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Fiboblasts Medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>90%</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>11965118</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FBS</td>
			<td>10%</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>10407028</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>1%</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
Table 1. Culture Medium
<table border="1">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Concentration</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalogue Number</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Antibodies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OCT4</td>
			<td>1:500</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>Ab19857</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SSEA3</td>
			<td>1:100</td>
			<td>Milipore</td>
			<td>MAB4303</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SSEA4</td>
			<td>1:100</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>BD560218</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tra-1-81</td>
			<td>1:100</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>BD560173</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tra-1-60</td>
			<td>1:100</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>BD560174</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NANOG</td>
			<td>1:500</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>Ab21624</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa-Flur 488</td>
			<td>1:1000</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A11008</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa-Flur 555</td>
			<td>1:1000</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A21422</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DAPI</td>
			<td>1:5000</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Plasmids</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pMIG-OCT4</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>17225</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pMIG-SOX2</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>17226</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pMIG-KLF4</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>17227</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pMIG-MYC</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>18119</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Other Materials</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase type IV</td>
			<td>1mg/ml</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>17104019</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gelatin, Porcine</td>
			<td>0.1%</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G 1890</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton</td>
			<td>0.2%</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>X100-500ML</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>4%</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>47608</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BSA</td>
			<td>3%</td>
			<td>American Bioanalytical</td>
			<td>AB01800</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MEF feeder cells</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>PMEF-N</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell Lifter</td>
			<td>&nbsp;</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>3008</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Equipment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td colspan="4">Fluorescent microscopy: inverted microscope with GFP filter</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>
Table 2. Reagents and equipment.

reprogramming human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (ipscs) using retroviral vector with gfp

ヒト胚性幹細胞（ヒトES細胞） のin vitro疾患モデルと再生医療1 のための多能性と非常に貴重な細胞の源である。それは以前にヒト体細胞は、4つの転写因子の異所性発現（Oct4の、レトロウイルスベクター、KLF4及び Myc）によって多能性を再プログラムすることができることを示して誘導多能性幹細胞（性IPSC）2-4になっています。ヒトES細胞と同様に、人間性IPSCは、多能性と自己細胞の潜在的な源である。ここでは、GFPを含有するレトロウイルスバックボーン4にクローン化された4初期化因子によるヒト線維芽細胞を再プログラムするためのプロトコルについて説明します。以下のプロトコルを使用して、我々は、ヒトESCを培養条件下で3〜4週間で人間性IPSCを生成します。人間のIPSCのコロニーが密接に形態の似ているヒトES細胞とレトロウイルスのジーンサイレンシングの結果、GFP蛍光の損失を表示します。蛍光microscoの下に機械的に隔離されたIPSCのコロニーPEは、ヒトES細胞と同様の方法で動作します。これらの細胞では、我々は、複数の多能性遺伝子と表面マーカーの発現を検出することができます。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP at JoVE.com

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

OCT4、SOX2、KLF4とMYCのレトロウイルス媒介性異所性発現を介してヒトの人工多能性幹細胞（性IPSC）を生成する方法が記載されている。 GFP発現に基づいて人間のIPSCコロニーを識別するための実用的な方法についても説明されています。

GFPをレトロウイルスベクターを用いた誘導多能性幹細胞（性IPSC）にヒト体細胞を再プログラミングする

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are pluripotent and an invaluable cellular sources for in vitro disease modeling and regenerative medicine1. It has ...

reprogramming-human-somatic-cells-into-induced-pluripotent-stem-cells

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

20.4K ビュー.  Yale School of Medicine. OCT4、SOX2、KLF4とMYCのレトロウイルス媒介性異所性発現を介してヒトの人工多能性幹細胞（性IPSC）を生成する方法が記載されている。 GFP発現に基づいて人間のIPSCコロニーを識別するための実用的な方法についても説明されています。

ビデオ: Reprogramming Human Somatic Cells into Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells iPSCs Using Retroviral Vector with GFP

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Reprogramming Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts with a Four Transcription Factor, Doxycycline Inducible Lentiviral Transduction System

Using a defined set of transcription factors and cell culture conditions, Yamanaka and colleagues demonstrated that retrovirus-mediated delivery and expression of Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc, and Klf4 is capable of inducing pluripotency in mouse fibroblasts.1 Subsequent reports have demonstrated the utility of the doxycycline (DOX) inducible lentiviral delivery system for the generation of both primary and secondary iPS cells from a variety of other adult mouse somatic cell types.2,3
Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are similar to embryonic stem (ES) cells in morphology, proliferation and ability to induce teratoma formation. Both types of cell can be used as the pluripotent starting material for the generation of differentiated cells or tissues in regenerative medicine.4-6 iPS cells also have a distinct advantage over ES cells as they exhibit key properties of ES cells without the ethical dilemma of embryo destruction.
Here we demonstrate the protocol for reprogramming mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells with the Stemgent DOX Inducible Mouse TF Lentivirus Set. We also demonstrate that the Stemgent DOX Inducible Mouse TF Lentivirus Set is capable of expressing each of the four transcription factors upon transduction into MEFs thereby inducing a pluripotent stem cell state that displays the pluripotency markers characteristic of ES cells.

The Stemgent Dox Inducible Mouse TF Lentivirus Set can reprogram mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. Here we demonstrate the protocol for DOX-inducible expression of mouse reprogramming transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc to generate iPS colonies that express common mES pluripotency markers.

4つの転写因子とマウス胚線維芽細胞を再プログラムすることによって誘導多能性幹細胞の生成、ドキシサイクリンは、レンチウイルス伝達系の誘導性

Using a defined set of transcription factors and cell culture conditions, Yamanaka and colleagues demonstrated that retrovirus-mediated delivery and ...

生物学

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Reprogramming Human Fibroblasts with the Stemgent Human TF Lentivirus Set

In 2006, Yamanaka and colleagues first demonstrated that retrovirus-mediated delivery and expression of Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4 is capable of inducing the pluripotent state in mouse fibroblasts.1 The same group also reported the successful reprogramming of human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells using human versions of the same transcription factors delivered by retroviral vectors.2 Additionally, James Thomson et al. reported that the lentivirus-mediated co-expression of another set of factors (Oct4, Sox2, Nanog and Lin28) was capable of reprogramming human somatic cells into iPS cells.3
iPS cells are similar to ES cells in morphology, proliferation and the ability to differentiate into all tissue types of the body. Human iPS cells have a distinct advantage over ES cells as they exhibit key properties of ES cells without the ethical dilemma of embryo destruction. The generation of patient-specific iPS cells circumvents an important roadblock to personalized regenerative medicine therapies by eliminating the potential for immune rejection of non-autologous transplanted cells.
Here we demonstrate the protocol for reprogramming human fibroblast cells using the Stemgent Human TF Lentivirus Set. We also show that cells reprogrammed with this set begin to show iPS morphology four days post-transduction. Using the Stemolecule Y27632, we selected for iPS cells and observed correct morphology after three sequential rounds of colony picking and passaging. We also demonstrate that after reprogramming cells displayed the pluripotency marker AP, surface markers TRA-1-81, TRA-1-60, SSEA-4, and SSEA-3, and nuclear markers Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog.

We demonstrate the protocol for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells from human somatic cells using lentivirus-mediated delivery of the human factors Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, and Lin28. Pluripotency was confirmed by morphology and the presence of embryonic stem (ES) cell-specific markers.

StemgentヒトTFのレンチセットでヒト線維芽細胞を再プログラムすることによって誘導多能性幹細胞の生成

In 2006, Yamanaka and colleagues first demonstrated that retrovirus-mediated delivery and expression of Oct4, Sox2, c-Myc and Klf4 is capable of inducing ...

Transfecting and Nucleofecting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Genetic modification is continuing to be an essential tool in studying stem cell biology and in setting forth potential clinical applications of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs)1. While improvements in several gene delivery methods have been described2-9, transfection remains a capricious process for HESCs, and has not yet been reported in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In this video, we demonstrate how our lab routinely transfects and nucleofects human iPSCs using plasmid with an enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) reporter. Human iPSCs are adapted and maintained as feeder-free cultures to eliminate the possibility of feeder cell transfection and to allow efficient selection of stable transgenic iPSC clones following transfection. For nucleofection, human iPSCs are pre-treated with ROCK inhibitor11, trypsinized into small clumps of cells, nucleofected and replated on feeders in feeder cell-conditioned medium to enhance cell recovery. Transgene-expressing human iPSCs can be obtained after 6 hours. Antibiotic selection is applied after 24 hours and stable transgenic lines appear within 1 week. Our protocol is robust and reproducible for human iPSC lines without altering pluripotency of these cells.

Despite recent advancements in genetic modification, transfection of human embryonic stem cells (HESCs) remains a capricious process. To our knowledge, systematic and efficient methods to transfect human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have not been reported. Here, we describe robust protocols to efficiently transfect and nucleofect human iPSCs.

ヒト人工多能性幹細胞をトランスフェクトしNucleofecting

Genetic modification is continuing to be an essential tool in studying stem cell biology and in setting forth potential clinical applications of human ...

Generation of Mice Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells provides a means to create valuable tools for basic research and may also produce a source of patient-matched cells for regenerative therapies. iPSCs may be generated using multiple protocols and derived from multiple cell sources. Once generated, iPSCs are tested using a variety of assays including immunostaining for pluripotency markers, generation of three germ layers in embryoid bodies and teratomas, comparisons of gene expression with embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and production of chimeric mice with or without germline contribution2. Importantly, iPSC lines that pass these tests still vary in their capacity to produce different differentiated cell types2. This has made it difficult to establish which iPSC derivation protocols, donor cell sources or selection methods are most useful for different applications.
The most stringent test of whether a stem cell line has sufficient developmental potential to generate all tissues required for survival of an organism (termed full pluripotency) is tetraploid embryo complementation (TEC)3-5. Technically, TEC involves electrofusion of two-cell embryos to generate tetraploid (4n) one-cell embryos that can be cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage6. Diploid (2n) pluripotent stem cells (e.g. ESCs or iPSCs) are then injected into the blastocoel cavity of the tetraploid blastocyst and transferred to a recipient female for gestation (see Figure 1). The tetraploid component of the complemented embryo contributes almost exclusively to the extraembryonic tissues (placenta, yolk sac), whereas the diploid cells constitute the embryo proper, resulting in a fetus derived entirely from the injected stem cell line.
Recently, we reported the derivation of iPSC lines that reproducibly generate adult mice via TEC1. These iPSC lines give rise to viable pups with efficiencies of 5-13%, which is comparable to ESCs3,4,7 and higher than that reported for most other iPSC lines8-12. These reports show that direct reprogramming can produce fully pluripotent iPSCs that match ESCs in their developmental potential and efficiency of generating pups in TEC tests. At present, it is not clear what distinguishes between fully pluripotent iPSCs and less potent lines13-15. Nor is it clear which reprogramming methods will produce these lines with the highest efficiency. Here we describe one method that produces fully pluripotent iPSCs and "all- iPSC" mice, which may be helpful for investigators wishing to compare the pluripotency of iPSC lines or establish the equivalence of different reprogramming methods.

Generating induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines produces lines of differing developmental potential even when they pass standard tests for pluripotency. Here we describe a protocol to produce mice derived entirely from iPSCs, which defines the iPSC lines as possessing full pluripotency1.

人工多能性幹細胞に由来するマウスの作製

The production of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells provides a means to create valuable tools for basic research and may also ...

Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Peripheral Blood Using the STEMCCA Lentiviral Vector

Through the ectopic expression of four transcription factors, Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and cMyc, human somatic cells can be converted to a pluripotent state, generating so-called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)1-4. Patient-specific iPSCs lack the ethical concerns that surround embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and would bypass possible immune rejection. Thus, iPSCs have attracted considerable attention for disease modeling studies, the screening of pharmacological compounds, and regenerative therapies5.
We have shown the generation of transgene-free human iPSCs from patients with different lung diseases using a single excisable polycistronic lentiviral Stem Cell Cassette (STEMCCA) encoding the Yamanaka factors6. These iPSC lines were generated from skin fibroblasts, the most common cell type used for reprogramming. Normally, obtaining fibroblasts requires a skin punch biopsy followed by expansion of the cells in culture for a few passages. Importantly, a number of groups have reported the reprogramming of human peripheral blood cells into iPSCs7-9. In one study, a Tet inducible version of the STEMCCA vector was employed9, which required the blood cells to be simultaneously infected with a constitutively active lentivirus encoding the reverse tetracycline transactivator. In contrast to fibroblasts, peripheral blood cells can be collected via minimally invasive procedures, greatly reducing the discomfort and distress of the patient. A simple and effective protocol for reprogramming blood cells using a constitutive single excisable vector may accelerate the application of iPSC technology by making it accessible to a broader research community. Furthermore, reprogramming of peripheral blood cells allows for the generation of iPSCs from individuals in which skin biopsies should be avoided (i.e. aberrant scarring) or due to pre-existing disease conditions preventing access to punch biopsies.
Here we demonstrate a protocol for the generation of human iPSCs from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using a single floxed-excisable lentiviral vector constitutively expressing the 4 factors. Freshly collected or thawed PBMCs are expanded for 9 days as described10,11 in medium containing ascorbic acid, SCF, IGF-1, IL-3 and EPO before being transduced with the STEMCCA lentivirus. Cells are then plated onto MEFs and ESC-like colonies can be visualized two weeks after infection. Finally, selected clones are expanded and tested for the expression of the pluripotency markers SSEA-4, Tra-1-60 and Tra-1-81. This protocol is simple, robust and highly consistent, providing a reliable methodology for the generation of human iPSCs from readily accessible 4 ml of blood.

Here we show a simple and effective protocol for the generation of human iPSCs from 3-4 ml of peripheral blood using a single lentiviral reprogramming vector. Reprogramming of readily available blood cells promises to accelerate the utilization of iPSC technology by making it accessible to a broader research community.

STEMCCAレンチウイルスベクターを用いた末梢血からのヒト人工多能性幹細胞の生成

Through the ectopic expression of four transcription factors, Oct4, Klf4, Sox2 and cMyc, human somatic cells can be converted to a pluripotent state, ...

In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that result from the reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state by forced expression of defined factors are offering new opportunities for regenerative medicine. Such clinical applications of iPS cells have been limited so far, mainly due to the poor efficiency of the existing reprogramming methodologies and the risk of the generated iPS cells to form tumors upon implantation.
We hypothesized that the reprogramming of somatic cells towards pluripotency could be achieved in vivo by gene transfer of reprogramming factors. In order to efficiently reprogram cells in vivo, high levels of the Yamanaka (OKSM) transcription factors need to be expressed at the target tissue. This can be achieved by using different viral or nonviral gene vectors depending on the target tissue. In this particular study, hydrodynamic tail-vein (HTV) injection of plasmid DNA was used to deliver the OKSM factors to mouse hepatocytes. This provided proof-of-evidence of in vivo reprogramming of adult, somatic cells towards a pluripotent state with high efficiency and fast kinetics. Furthermore no tumor or teratoma formation was observed in situ.
It can be concluded that reprogramming somatic cells in vivo may offer a potential approach to induce enhanced pluripotency rapidly, efficiently, and safely compared to in vitro performed protocols and can be applied to different tissue types in the future.

In vivo Reprogramming of Adult Somatic Cells to Pluripotency by Overexpression of Yamanaka Factors

This study demonstrates the reprogramming of somatic cells towards pluripotency in vivo without the generation of teratomas. We used hydrodynamic tail vein injection of plasmid DNA encoding the Yamanka factors to induce the in vivo reprogramming of adult hepatocytes into cells of enhanced pluripotency.

山中因子の過剰発現によって多能性の成体体細胞のin vivoでの再プログラミング中

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells that result from the reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state by forced expression of defined factors ...

Efficient Generation Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Somatic Cells with Sendai-virus

A few years ago, the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ushered in a new era in biomedicine. Potential uses of human iPSCs include modeling pathogenesis of human genetic diseases, autologous cell therapy after gene correction, and personalized drug screening by providing a source of patient-specific and symptom relevant cells. However, there are several hurdles to overcome, such as eliminating the remaining reprogramming factor transgene expression after human iPSCs production. More importantly, residual transgene expression in undifferentiated human iPSCs could hamper proper differentiations and misguide the interpretation of disease-relevant in vitro phenotypes. With this reason, integration-free and/or transgene-free human iPSCs have been developed using several methods, such as adenovirus, the piggyBac system, minicircle vector, episomal vectors, direct protein delivery and synthesized mRNA. However, efficiency of reprogramming using integration-free methods is quite low in most cases.
Here, we present a method to isolate human iPSCs by using Sendai-virus (RNA virus) based reprogramming system. This reprogramming method shows consistent results and high efficiency in cost-effective manner.

Here, we present our established method to reprogram human somatic cells into transgene-free human iPSCs with Sendai virus, which shows consistent outcome and enhanced efficiency.

仙台ウイルスのヒト体細胞からの効率的な次世代ヒューマン誘導多能性幹細胞

A few years ago, the establishment of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ushered in a new era in biomedicine. Potential uses of human iPSCs ...

Episomal Reprogramming of Dermal Fibroblasts to Generate Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs)

Episomal Reprogramming of Dermal Fibroblasts to Generate Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (HiPSCs)  

ヒト誘導多能性幹細胞(hiPSC)を作製するための皮膚線維芽細胞のエピソームリプログラミング

Generation and Maintenance of Primate Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived from Urine

Cross-species approaches studying primate pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives are crucial to better understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of disease, development, and evolution. To make primate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) more accessible, this paper presents a non-invasive method to generate human and non-human primate iPSCs from urine-derived cells, and their maintenance using a feeder-free culturing method.
The urine can be sampled from a non-sterile environment (e.g., the cage of the animal) and treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail during primary cell culture to reduce contamination efficiently. After propagation of the urine-derived cells, iPSCs are generated by a modified transduction method of a commercially available Sendai virus vector system. First&#160;iPSC colonies may already be visible after 5 days, and can be picked after 10 days at the earliest. Routine clump passaging with enzyme-free dissociation buffer supports pluripotency of the generated iPSCs for more than 50 passages.

The present protocol describes a method to isolate, expand, and reprogram human and non-human primate urine-derived cells to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), as well as instructions for feeder-free maintenance of the newly generated iPSCs.

尿由来の霊長類人工多能性幹細胞の作製と維持

Cross-species approaches studying primate pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives are crucial to better understand the molecular and cellular ...

hiPSC駆動MSCにおける表面抗原と増殖能の特性評価

Comparison of Two Representative Methods for Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult pluripotent stem cells which have been widely used in regenerative medicine. As somatic tissue-derived MSCs are restricted by limited donation, quality variations, and biosafety, the past 10 years have seen a great rise in efforts to generate MSCs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Past and recent efforts in the differentiation of hiPSCs into MSCs have been centered around two culture methodologies: (1) the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) and (2) the use of monolayer culture. This protocol describes these two representative methods in deriving MSC from hiPSCs. Each method presents its advantages and disadvantages, including time, cost, cell proliferation ability, the expression of MSC markers, and their capability of differentiation in vitro. This protocol demonstrates that both methods can derive mature and functional MSCs from hiPSCs. The monolayer method is characterized by lower cost, simpler operation, and easier osteogenic differentiation, while the EB method is characterized by lower time consumption.

著者スポットライト:iPS細胞と遺伝性疾患研究の進歩 

This protocol describes and compares two representative methods for differentiating hiPSCs into mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). The monolayer method is characterized by lower cost, simpler operation, and easier osteogenic differentiation. The embryoid bodies (EBs) method is characterized by lower time consumption.

ヒト人工多能性幹細胞から間葉系間質細胞への分化のための2つの代表的な方法の比較

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult pluripotent stem cells which have been widely used in regenerative medicine. As somatic tissue-derived MSCs are ...