この論文に含まれている作品は、アメリカの健康支援財団（XL）、失明を防止するための研究からウィリアム＆メアリーグレーヴェ特別奨学生賞（XL）、から緑内障研究博士ダグラス·H.ジョンソン賞によってサポートされています失明予防のためのイリノイ州協会（HC）とNIH助成R01EY019034（XL）。

手順 C57BL/6Jマウス（ジャクソン研究所、バーハーバー、ME）は、ノースウェスタン大学のアニマルケア施設で発生します。すべての動物は、ノースウェスタン大学制度動物実験委員会およびNIHから神経科学研究における動物の使用に関するガイドラインに準拠することによって承認されたプロトコールに従って使用しています。 1。レーザー光凝固術レーザー光凝固の手順5-7以前に公表されたプロトコルから変更されている。 <ol><li>ケタミン（100 mg / kgで、バトラーシャインアニマルヘルス、OH）およびキシラジン（10 mg / kgで、アイオワ州、シェナンドーのロイド社、IA）の腹腔内注射することによって40〜60日齢のマウスを麻酔。 </li><li> 1％硫酸アトロピン溶液の1つまたは2つの滴（アルコン研究所社、フォートワース、テキサス州）で局所処置により実験動物の右眼の瞳孔を拡張させる。 </li><li>散瞳後、平らにレーザー誘導6を強化するnterior室。前房内の流体を排出するスリットランプ下前歯スペース（SL-3E、トプコン、オークランド、ニュージャージー州）に鋭い先端（世界プレシジョンインスツルメンツ、サラソタ、フロリダ州）のガラスマイクロピペットを挿入します。 </li><li>プラスチックコーンホルダー（トリーサイエンス社、MA）でマウスを抑制し（ 図1A参照 ）自家製プラットフォームに縛ら。拘束とマウスを持ち、スリットランプの後ろに光源にマウスの右目を公開します。スリットランプの下で麻酔したマウスの右眼の位置を合わせます。 </li><li>両手でマウスの拘束を保持しながら、アルゴンレーザー（ウルティマ2000SE、コヒーレント、サンタクララ、CA）を使用して、角膜輪部にレーザー照射を適用します。小柱網の周囲に垂直に80-100レーザスポット（514 nmで、100 mWで、50ミリ秒パルス、および200μmのスポット）について配信します。 C57BL / 6マウスは、任意のpに対する障壁として機能する着色された虹彩を有するotential漂遊エネルギー7。 </li><li>痛みを和らげるために局所0.5％のレーザー処理面積を消毒するための眼表面上のモキシフロキサシン（アルコンラボ社、フォートワース、テキサス州）と0.5％プロパラカイン（ボシュロム、ロチェスター、NY）を植え付ける。 </li><li>それは完全に目を覚ましになるまで時間程度回復のための加熱パッド（サンビームプロダクト株式会社、ボカラトン、フロリダ州）の動物を保管してください。 </li><li>左目は、コントロールとして機能するように未処理である。 </li></ol> 2。 IOP測定<ol><li>プラスチックコーンホルダーにロードしてから、（ 図2A参照 ）プラットフォーム上でそれを抑制するためのチューブに目を覚まして、マウスを置きます。 </li><li>マウスホルダー位置に適応し得るように5〜10分待ちます。プローブ先端が離れて角膜14の表面2〜3ミリメートルになるまでマウスの目にリバウンド眼圧計（TonoLab、コロニアルメディカルサプライ、フランコニア、ニューハンプシャー州）に近づく。 </li><li>プローブ先端が中心面を打つように、測定ボタンを押すと、静かに角膜の。同じ目のIOPの6測定の3つの連続した​​セットが目のIOPとして取得し、平均化されます。未処理の対照の眼は、常に次の測定されレーザー治療目のベースライン値を得るために最初に測定されます。 </li></ol> 3。微細運動テスト視力とコントラスト感度は、14,15をテストされます。個々のマウスの両眼は、漂流格子方向を反転させることにより別々に検討されている。時計回りに漂流格子が左眼と右眼16についての反時計回りに漂流格子の視覚機能を識別するために使用され、即ち 。各テストは約15分かかり、独立して、二人の観察者によって繰り返される。 <ol><li>マウスを置き、マウスは、4つのコンピュータのモニタ（ 図3A-B）に囲まれた高架プラットフォーム上で自由に移動することができます。 </li><li>彼らは水平正弦​​漂流表示されるようにモニターを設定39 CD / m 2での平均輝度の視覚刺激として格子。格子の移動方向が交互べき 連続して右回りと左回りの間。 </li><li>動物の動きを分析します。視覚刺激がオンになった後、徐々に増加した後、漂流格子と、コンサートでは、動物の動きを15秒以内 &quot;ポジティブ&quot;とみなされます。最高応答惹起する視覚刺激は、動物の視力17として定義されています。 </li><li> 0.075、0.16、そして1度当たり0.3サイクル（CPD）：3つの事前選択された空間周波数でのコントラスト感度を調べます。各眼用コントラスト閾値は、予め固定周波数での視覚的応答を誘発する最も低いコントラストとして定義される。コントラスト感度は、しきい値17の逆数である。 </li></ol>

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著者は、彼らが競合する経済的利益を持っていないことを宣言します。 著者は、ノースウェスタン大学のフルタイムの従業員です。 著者は、この記事で使用する試薬や楽器を生み出す企業によって提供されたNOの資金を受け取っていません。

我々は、持続的な高眼圧症上記のレポートは、マウスの目にレーザー照射によって誘導することができる。生理食塩水の注入モデル18および広範顕微スキルを必要とする、どちらも静脈焼灼モデル11に比べて、レーザー照射は、実行するために、比較的シンプルで簡単です。通常、私たちは2〜3時間で4-6マウス用レーザー照射を行うことができます。持続的な眼圧上昇を達成す...

<table><tbody><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;Reagent&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>moxifloxacin</td><td>Alcon Labs, Inc.</td><td>NDC 0065-4013-03</td><td>0.5 %, Rx only</td></tr><tr><td>Proparacaine Hydrochloride</td><td>Bausch Lomb</td><td>NDC 24208-730-06</td><td>0.5 %, Rx only</td></tr><tr><td>Ophthalmic Solution USP</td><td>Bausch Lomb</td><td>NDC 24208-730-06</td><td>.5 %, Rx only</td></tr><tr><td>ketamine</td><td>Butler Schein Animal Health</td><td>NDC 11695-0550-1</td><td>100 mg / kg </td></tr><tr><td>xylazine</td><td>LLOYD Inc. of Iowa</td><td>NADA 139-236</td><td>10 mg / kg </td></tr><tr><td>atropine sulfate solution</td><td>Alcon Labs, Inc.</td><td>NDC 61314-303-02</td><td>1 %, Rx only</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">&lt;strong&gt;Equipment &lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>Slit Lamp, TOPCON </td><td>Visual Systems Inc</td><td>SL-3E</td><td>powered by PS-30A</td></tr><tr><td>OptoMotry 1.8.0 virtual</td><td>CerebralMechanics Inc.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>opto-kinetic testing system</td><td>CerebralMechanics Inc.</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tonometer, TonoLab, for mice</td><td>Colonial Medical Supply</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heating pad</td><td>Sunbeam Products Inc</td><td>722-810</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Argon laser </td><td>Coherent Inc</td><td>Ultima 2000SE</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>DECAPICONE Plastic cone holder </td><td>Braintree Sci Inc.</td><td>MDC-200</td><td>for mouse</td></tr></tbody></table>

a laser-induced mouse model of chronic ocular hypertension to characterize visual defects

頻繁に上昇した眼圧（IOP）に関連付けられている緑内障は、失明の主要な原因の一つである。我々は、ヒトの高張力緑内障を模倣する高眼圧症のマウスモデルを確立しようとした。ここで、レーザ照射角度を閉塞を誘発する、房水流出をphotocoagulateする角膜輪部に印加される。 IOPの変化はレーザー治療前と後のリバウンド眼圧計を使用して監視している。微細運動行動試験は、視覚能力の対応する変化を測定するために使用される。レーザー照射後に持続IOP上昇を開発1マウスの代表の結果が示されています。視力低下やコントラスト感度は、この眼高血圧マウスにおいて観察される。一緒に、我々の研究では、緑内障マウスで神経変性基礎となる分子メカニズムを調査するために貴重なモデルシステムを導入しています。

の手順で説明するように、レーザー照明は角度の閉鎖（ 図1）を誘導、房水流出をphotocoagulateに輪部地域における小柱網を目指している。ほとんどのレーザ書込み目は以前の所見6と一致し、有意な物理的な損傷、顔料剥離や感染症を示さなかった。マウスの小グループ（すべてのレーザ書込み動物の5％未満）などの収縮眼球、重度の白内障、大幅な顔料剥離や出血などの...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Laser-induced Mouse Model of Chronic Ocular Hypertension to Characterize Visual Defects at JoVE.com

A Laser-induced Mouse Model of Chronic Ocular Hypertension to Characterize Visual Defects

慢性高眼圧症は、マウスの目に小柱網のレーザー光凝固を使用して誘導される。眼圧（IOP）は、レーザー治療後数ヶ月上昇する。視力と実験動物のコントラスト感度の低下は微細運動テストを使用して監視している。

ビジュアル欠陥を特徴づけるために慢性高眼圧症のレーザー誘起マウスモデル

Glaucoma, frequently associated with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), is one of the leading causes of blindness. We sought to establish a mouse model ...

a-laser-induced-mouse-model-chronic-ocular-hypertension-to

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

12.9K ビュー.  Northwestern University. 慢性高眼圧症は、マウスの目に小柱網のレーザー光凝固を使用して誘導される。眼圧（IOP）は、レーザー治療後数ヶ月上昇する。視力と実験動物のコントラスト感度の低下は微細運動テストを使用して監視している。

ビデオ: A Laser-induced Mouse Model of Chronic Ocular Hypertension to Characterize Visual Defects

Laser-Induced Chronic Ocular Hypertension Model on SD Rats

Glaucoma is one of the major causes of blindness in the world. Elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor. Laser photocoagulation induced ocular hypertension is one of the well established animal models. This video demonstrates how to induce ocular hypertension by Argon laser photocoagulation in rat.

Glaucoma is one of the major causes of blindness in the world. Elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor. Laser photocoagulation induced ocular hypertension is one of the well established animal models. This video demonstrates how to induce ocular hypertension by Argon laser photocoagulation in rat.

SDラットにおけるレーザー誘起慢性高眼圧症モデル

Glaucoma is one of the major causes of blindness in the world. Elevated intraocular pressure is a major risk factor. Laser photocoagulation induced ocular ...

生物学

A Mouse Model for Laser-induced Choroidal Neovascularization

The mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model has been a crucial mainstay model for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) research. By administering targeted laser injury to the RPE and Bruch&#8217;s membrane, the procedure induces angiogenesis, modeling the hallmark pathology observed in neovascular AMD. 
First developed in non-human primates, the laser-induced CNV model has come to be implemented into many other species, the most recent of which being the mouse. Mouse experiments are advantageously more cost-effective, experiments can be executed on a much faster timeline, and they allow the use of various transgenic models. The miniature size of the mouse eye, however, poses a particular challenge when performing the procedure. Manipulation of the eye to visualize the retina requires practice of fine dexterity skills as well as simultaneous hand-eye-foot coordination to operate the laser. However, once mastered, the model can be applied to study many aspects of neovascular AMD such as molecular mechanisms, the effect of genetic manipulations, and drug treatment effects. 
The laser-induced CNV model, though useful, is not a perfect model of the disease. The wild-type mouse eye is otherwise healthy, and the chorio-retinal environment does not mimic the pathologic changes in human AMD. Furthermore, injury-induced angiogenesis does not reflect the same pathways as angiogenesis occurring in an age-related and chronic disease state as in AMD.
Despite its shortcomings, the laser-induced CNV model is one of the best methods currently available to study the debilitating pathology of neovascular AMD. Its implementation has led to a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of AMD, as well as contributing to the development of many of the AMD therapies currently available.

Here, we present the mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) protocol, an experimental model that re-creates the vascular hallmarks of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Once mastered, it can reliably and effectively induce CNV as a model system to test various experimental measures.

レーザ誘起脈絡膜血管新生のためのマウスモデル

The mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model has been a crucial mainstay model for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) ...

医学

A Magnetic Microbead Occlusion Model to Induce Ocular Hypertension-Dependent Glaucoma in Mice

The use of rodent models of glaucoma has been essential to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of this multifactorial neurodegenerative disease. With the advent of numerous transgenic mouse lines, there is increasing interest in inducible murine models of ocular hypertension. Here, we present an occlusion model of glaucoma based on the injection of magnetic microbeads into the anterior chamber of the eye using a modified microneedle with a facetted bevel. The magnetic microbeads are attracted to the iridocorneal angle using a handheld magnet to block the drainage of aqueous humour from the anterior chamber. This disruption in aqueous dynamics results in a steady elevation of intraocular pressure, which subsequently leads to the loss of retinal ganglion cells, as observed in human glaucoma patients. The microbead occlusion model presented in this manuscript is simple compared to other inducible models of glaucoma and also highly effective and reproducible. Importantly, the modifications presented here minimize common issues that often arise in occlusion models. First, the use of a bevelled glass microneedle prevents backflow of microbeads and ensures that minimal damage occurs to the cornea during the injection, thus reducing injury-related effects. Second, the use of magnetic microbeads ensures the ability to attract most beads to the iridocorneal angle, effectively reducing the number of beads floating in the anterior chamber avoiding contact with other structures (e.g., iris, lens). Lastly, the use of a handheld magnet allows flexibility when handling the small mouse eye to efficiently direct the magnetic microbeads and ensure that there is little reflux of the microbeads from the eye when the microneedle is withdrawn. In summary, the microbead occlusion mouse model presented here is a powerful investigative tool to study neurodegenerative changes that occur during the onset and progression of glaucoma.

Here, we present a protocol to induce ocular hypertension in the murine eye that results in the loss of retinal ganglion cells as observed in glaucoma. Magnetic microbeads are injected into the anterior chamber and attracted to the iridocorneal angle using a magnet to block the outflow of aqueous humour.

磁気マイクロビーズ閉塞モデルマウスにおける緑内障高眼圧症依存誘導すること

The use of rodent models of glaucoma has been essential to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathophysiology of this multifactorial ...

In Vivo Multimodal Imaging and Analysis of Mouse Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization Model

Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a well-established model to mimic the wet form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this protocol, we aim to guide the reader not simply through the technical considerations of generating laser-induced lesions to trigger neovascular processes, but rather focus on the powerful information that can be obtained from multimodal longitudinal in vivo imaging throughout the follow-up period.
The laser-induced mouse CNV model was generated by a diode laser administration. Multimodal in vivo imaging techniques were used to monitor CNV induction, progression and regression. First, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) was performed immediately after the lasering to verify a break of Bruch&#39;s membrane. Subsequent in vivo imaging using fluorescein angiography (FA) confirmed successful damage of Bruch&#39;s membrane from serial images acquired at the choroidal level. Longitudinal follow-up of CNV proliferation and regression on days 5, 10, and 14 after the lasering was performed using both SD-OCT and FA. Simple and reliable grading of leaky CNV leasions from FA images is&#160;presented. Automated segmentation for measurement of total retinal thickness, combined with manual caliber application for measurement of retinal thickness at CNV sites, allow unbiased evaluation of the presence of edema. Finally, histological verification of CNV is performed using isolectin GS-IB4 staining on choroidal flatmounts. The staining is thresholded, and the isolectin-positive area is calculated with ImageJ.
This protocol is especially useful in therapeutics studies requiring high-throughput-like screening of CNV pathology as it allows fast, multimodal, and reliable classification of CNV pathology and retinal edema. In addition, high resolution SD-OCT enables the recording of other pathological hallmarks, such as the accumulation of subretinal or intraretinal fluid. However, this method does not provide a possibility to automate CNV volume analysis from SD-OCT images, which has to be performed manually.

In Vivo Multimodal Imaging and Analysis of Mouse Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization Model

Here, we present the usefulness of longitudinal in vivo imaging in the follow-up of morphological changes of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization in mice.

生体内でマルチ モーダル イメージングとマウス レーザー誘発脈絡膜新生血管モデルの解析

Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is a well-established model to mimic the wet form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this ...

神経科学

In vivo Structural Assessments of Ocular Disease in Rodent Models using Optical Coherence Tomography

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is useful for visualizing retinal and ocular structures in vivo. In research, SD-OCT is a valuable tool to evaluate and characterize changes in a variety of retinal and ocular disease and injury models. In light induced retinal degeneration models, SD-OCT can be used to track thinning of the photoreceptor layer over time. In glaucoma models, SD-OCT can be used to monitor decreased retinal nerve fiber layer and total retinal thickness and to observe optic nerve cupping after inducing ocular hypertension. In diabetic rodents, SD-OCT has helped researchers observe decreased total retinal thickness as well as decreased thickness of specific retinal layers, particularly the retinal nerve fiber layer with disease progression. In mouse models of myopia, SD-OCT can be used to evaluate axial parameters, such as axial length changes. Advantages of SD-OCT include in vivo imaging of ocular structures, the ability to quantitatively track changes in ocular dimensions over time, and its rapid scanning speed and high resolution. Here, we detail the methods of SD-OCT and show examples of its use in our laboratory in models of retinal degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and myopia. Methods include anesthesia, SD-OCT imaging, and processing of the images for thickness measurements.

Here, we describe the use of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to visualize retinal and ocular structures in vivo in models of retinal degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and myopia.

光コヒーレンストモグラフィーを用いたげっ歯類モデルにおける眼疾患のin vivo構造評価

Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is useful for visualizing retinal and ocular structures in vivo. In research, SD-OCT is a valuable ...

生物工学

A Model of Glaucoma Induced by Circumlimbal Suture in Rats and Mice

The circumlimbal suture is a technique for inducing experimental glaucoma in rodents by chronically elevating intraocular pressure (IOP), a well-known risk factor for glaucoma. This protocol demonstrates a step-by-step guide on this technique in Long Evans rats and C57BL/6 mice. Under general anesthesia, a "purse-string" suture is applied on the conjunctiva, around the equator and behind the limbus of the eye. The fellow eye serves as an untreated control. Over the duration of our study, which was a period of 8 weeks for rats and 12 weeks for mice, IOP remained elevated, as measured regularly by rebound tonometry in conscious animals without topical anesthesia. In both species, the sutured eyes showed electroretinogram features consistent with preferential inner retinal dysfunction. Optical coherence tomography showed selective thinning of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Histology of the rat retina in cross-section found reduced cell density in the ganglion cell layer, but no change in other cellular layers. Staining of flat-mounted mouse retinae with a ganglion cell specific marker (RBPMS) confirmed ganglion cell loss. The circumlimbal suture is a simple, minimally invasive and cost-effective way to induce ocular hypertension that leads to ganglion cell injury in both rats and mice.

Chronic ocular hypertension is induced by applying a circumlimbal suture in rats and mice, leading to functional and structural deterioration of the retinal ganglion cells consistent with glaucoma.

ラットおよびマウスの Circumlimbal 縫合による緑内障のモデル

The circumlimbal suture is a technique for inducing experimental glaucoma in rodents by chronically elevating intraocular pressure (IOP), a well-known ...

Optimization of the Retinal Vein Occlusion Mouse Model to Limit Variability

Mouse models of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) are often used in ophthalmology to study hypoxic-ischemic injury in the neural retina. In this report, a detailed method pointing out critical steps is provided with recommendations for optimization to achieve consistently successful occlusion rates across different genetically modified mouse strains. The RVO mouse model consists primarily of the intravenous administration of a photosensitizer dye followed by laser photocoagulation using a retinal imaging microscope attached to an ophthalmic guided laser. Three variables were identified as determinants of occlusion consistency. By adjusting the wait time after rose bengal administration and balancing the baseline and experimental laser output, the variability across experiments can be limited and a higher success rate of occlusions achieved. This method can be used to study retinal diseases that are characterized by retinal edema and hypoxic-ischemic injury. Additionally, as this model induces vascular injury, it can also be applied to study the neurovasculature, neuronal death, and inflammation.

Here, we describe an optimized protocol for retinal vein occlusion using rose bengal and a laser-guided retinal imaging microscope system with recommendations to maximize its reproducibility in genetically modified strains.

変動性を制限するための網膜静脈閉塞マウスモデルの最適化

Mouse models of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) are often used in ophthalmology to study hypoxic-ischemic injury in the neural retina. In this report, a ...

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, is a heterogeneous group of ocular disorders characterized by structural damage to the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration, resulting in visual dysfunction by interrupting the transmission of visual information from the eye to the brain. Elevated intraocular pressure is the most important risk factor; thus, several models of ocular hypertension have been developed in rodents by either genetic or experimental approaches to investigate the causes and effects of the disease. Among those, some limitations have been reported such as surgical invasiveness, inadequate functional assessment, requirement of extensive training, and highly variable extension of retinal damage. The present work characterizes a simple, low-cost, and efficient method to induce ocular hypertension in rodents, based on low-temperature, full-circle cauterization of the limbal vascular plexus, a major component of aqueous humor drainage. The new model provides a technically easy, noninvasive, and reproducible subacute ocular hypertension, associated with progressive RGC and optic nerve degeneration, and a unique post-operative clinical recovery rate that allows in vivo functional studies by both electrophysiological and behavioral methods.

The goal of this protocol is to characterize a novel model of glaucomatous neurodegeneration based on 360&#176; thermic cauterization of limbal vascular plexus, inducing subacute ocular hypertension.

げっ歯類の外科的緑内障に対する辺縁血管神経叢の全周焼灼

Glaucoma, the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, is a heterogeneous group of ocular disorders characterized by structural damage to the optic ...

マウス Retina OCT ファイバーグラムと共焦点画像によるアライメント

Alignment of Visible-Light Optical Coherence Tomography Fibergrams with Confocal Images of the Same Mouse Retina

In recent years, in vivo retinal imaging, which provides non-invasive, real-time, and longitudinal information about biological systems and processes, has been increasingly applied to obtain an objective assessment of neural damage in eye diseases. Ex vivo confocal imaging of the same retina is often necessary to validate the in vivo findings especially in animal research. In this study, we demonstrated a method for aligning an ex vivo confocal image of the mouse retina with its in vivo images. A new clinical-ready imaging technology called visible light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy (vis-OCTF) was applied to acquire in vivo images of the mouse retina. We then performed the confocal imaging of the same retina as the &#34;gold standard&#34; to validate the in vivo vis-OCTF images. This study not only enables further investigation of the molecular and cellular mechanisms but also establishes a foundation for a sensitive and objective evaluation of neural damage in vivo.

著者スポットライト:緑内障の診断と治療を改善するためのIn vivoおよびex vivo網膜イメージングの進歩 

The present protocol outlines the steps for aligning in vivo visible-light optical coherence tomography fibergraphy (vis-OCTF) images with ex vivo confocal images of the same mouse retina for the purpose of verifying the observed retinal ganglion cell axon bundle morphology in the in vivo images.

可視光光干渉断層撮影ファイバーグラムと同一マウス網膜の共焦点像のアライメント

In recent years, in vivo retinal imaging, which provides non-invasive, real-time, and longitudinal information about biological systems and processes, has ...

ビジュアル欠陥を特徴づけるために慢性高眼圧症のレーザー誘起マウスモデル

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

SDラットにおけるレーザー誘起慢性高眼圧症モデル

レーザ誘起脈絡膜血管新生のためのマウスモデル

磁気マイクロビーズ閉塞モデルマウスにおける緑内障高眼圧症依存誘導すること

生体内でマルチモーダルイメージングとマウスレーザー誘発脈絡膜新生血管モデルの解析

光コヒーレンストモグラフィーを用いたげっ歯類モデルにおける眼疾患のin vivo構造評価

ラットおよびマウスの Circumlimbal 縫合による緑内障のモデル

変動性を制限するための網膜静脈閉塞マウスモデルの最適化

げっ歯類の外科的緑内障に対する辺縁血管神経叢の全周焼灼

可視光光干渉断層撮影ファイバーグラムと同一マウス網膜の共焦点像のアライメント

可視光光干渉断層撮影ファイバーグラムと同一マウス網膜の共焦点像のアライメント

ビジュアル欠陥を特徴づけるために慢性高眼圧症のレーザー誘起マウスモデル

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

SDラットにおけるレーザー誘起慢性高眼圧症モデル

レーザ誘起脈絡膜血管新生のためのマウスモデル

磁気マイクロビーズ閉塞モデルマウスにおける緑内障高眼圧症依存誘導すること

生体内でマルチ モーダル イメージングとマウス レーザー誘発脈絡膜新生血管モデルの解析

光コヒーレンストモグラフィーを用いたげっ歯類モデルにおける眼疾患のin vivo構造評価

ラットおよびマウスの Circumlimbal 縫合による緑内障のモデル

変動性を制限するための網膜静脈閉塞マウスモデルの最適化

げっ歯類の外科的緑内障に対する辺縁血管神経叢の全周焼灼

可視光光干渉断層撮影ファイバーグラムと同一マウス網膜の共焦点像のアライメント

可視光光干渉断層撮影ファイバーグラムと同一マウス網膜の共焦点像のアライメント

生体内でマルチモーダルイメージングとマウスレーザー誘発脈絡膜新生血管モデルの解析