Name: reductive electropolymerization of a vinyl-containing poly-pyridyl complex on glassy carbon and fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes
Uploaded: 2015-01-30T15:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 17 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes at JoVE.com

当社は、電気化学的な実験や計測機器（LSCとJTH）のサポートのための化学のバージニア軍事研究所（VMI）部門を認める。学部長のVMI事務所はJoveの出版物に関連した制作費をサポートしていました。私たちは、UNC EFRCを認める：化合物合成や材料特性評価のサポートのためのソーラー燃料のためのセンター、エネルギーフロンティア研究センター、米国エネルギー省によって資金を供給、科学局、賞番号DE-SC0001011下の基礎エネルギー科学のオフィス、（DPH ）。

1.論理合成1 によると- ：合成1（図4; 5,5&#39;- dvbpyは5,5&#39;-ジビニル-2,2&#39;-ビピリジンであるターピリジン、2 &#39;&#39; PhTpyは4&#39;-フェニル-2,2である「6」）プロシージャは、以前に説明した。18 2.電解液中の1の1.3 mMのモノマー溶液を準備<ol><li> 、アセトニトリル中で、TBAPF 6、MeCN中のテトラn個 -butylammonium六フッ化リン酸の0.1 M株式電解質溶液を準備します。 <ol><li>外来のH 2 Oを除去するために24時間、活性化した3Åモレキュラーシーブ、またはK 2 CO 3上のMeCNを置き</li><li>メスフラスコを乾燥さ25.00ミリリットル炎にTBAPF 6（0.969グラム、2.50ミリモル）を配置します。 </li><li>乾燥したMeCN中から、分子ふるいまたはK 2 CO 3微粒子を濾過し、25.00ミリリットルのTBAPFを含むメスフラスコをもたらす<sub&gt;の6のボリュームに。 </li></ol></li><li> 4ドラムのバイアルまたは10ミリリットル丸底フラスコに、乾燥1（0.0049グラム、5.2×10 -6モル）を配置し、MeCN中0.1MのTBAPF 6の原液の4.00ミリリットルを追加します。 </li><li>中多孔性ガラスフリットで区切られた各区画と、3室セルの中央区画に1の赤橙色着色された電解液の3.5〜4.0ミリリットルを転送します。 </li><li>すぐに外区画への漏洩を防止するMeCN中の残りの乾燥0.1 M TBAPF 6の一部と、中心区画原液として同じ高さに3室セルの外側の区画を満たす。注：異なる区画内の溶液がゆっくりと混ぜて、溶媒の高さが同じでない場合、大幅にメインコンパートメントの濃度が変化しますので、時間が重要な要因である。 </li></ol>直径3mmのガラス3. Electropolymerize 1Yカーボン電極または1.0センチメートル2 FTO電極<ol><li>窒素/アルゴンガス抜き管用及び電極用セプタムを準備します。 <ol><li> 3ゴム隔膜のそれぞれにスリットをカットし、スリットを介して薄いポリテトラフルオロエチレン、PTFE、チューブをガイド。 </li><li> 、セプタムのいずれかを使用してのAg / AgNO 3を参照電極をスライドさせ、外側区画のいずれかの参照電極/ PTFEチューブ/隔壁を配置し、セプタムでコンパートメントを密閉する ​​。 </li><li>異なるセプタム場所を通して外側の区画のいずれかで白金線/ PTFEチューブ/セプタムを白金線/ガーゼ対極ガイド、およびセプタムでコンパートメントをシール。スリットは、ワイヤを曲げ防止するのに十分な剛性を十分に大きなまたはワイヤでない場合には、隔壁を通して白金線対電極をガイドするために大口径の針を使用する。 </li><li>残りのセプタムを通して新鮮に洗練された3ミリメートルグラッシーカーボン電極を導き、それはそのような電極がsuspeであることを置く溶液中のndedまたは、FTOスライド用、ワニ口クリップFTOスライドをクランプし、水没時のスライドの導電側は対極に垂直であることを確認して、その後、隔壁を通してワニ口クリップに接続されたワイヤをガイド。 <ol><li>ポーランドに - 、その後、濡れた研磨パッド上にアルミナ（0.5μm）を配置することでガラス状炭素を研磨パッドに垂直に電極を保持した状態で30秒間8の字運動に電極を移動：グラッシーカーボン電極を挿入する前に電極のすべての側面に均等に-し、MeCN噴出ボトルリンスに続いて、H 2 O水の噴出ボトルに残っているアルミナを洗い流してください。 </li><li> FTOスライドクランプする前に：スライドの10×10 mmの部分が露出するように30×10 mmのFTOスライドの中央部分の周りの非導電性カプトンテープの複数の層を包む。 </li><li> POSITでFTOスライドを保持/配置することによって、FTOスライドの紫外可視スペクトルを収集一貫性を確保するために、予め定められた分光計のビーム経路におけるイオン。 </li></ol></li></ol></li><li> 3コンパートメント電気化学セル内の溶液を脱気。 <ol><li>窒素/アルゴン供給にタイゴンチューブの一端を接続し、MeCNを含むガス洗浄機にもう一方の端を接続します。 </li><li>窒素/アルゴン洗浄し流出をMeCNに一端を接続し、タイゴンチューブの別の部分をカットし、4ウェイスプリッタにもう一方の端を接続します。 </li><li> 4ウェイスプリッタの3残りの接続にPTFEチューブを接続します。 </li><li>各区画にソリューションにPTFEチューブを浸し、溶液の急速な泡立ちが始まるように窒素/アルゴンの流量をオンにしてください。 </li><li>システム上の不活性ガスの正圧を維持するために、この溶液を防止するために、上の窒素/アルゴンの流量を残して、単に溶液の表面の上にPTFEチューブを引っ張り、その後、5~10分間この溶液を脱曝気続ける℃バブリングによって引き起こさonvection。 </li></ol></li><li>電気化学的な実験を行う。 <ol><li> 3室セル内の適切な電極にポテンショスタットから電極を接続します。 </li><li>サイクリックボルタンメトリーを行って、CV、次のパラメータを使用して実験：スイッチング電位= 0 Vと-1.81 V。スキャン/掃引速度= 100 mVの/秒。サイクル= 5の数。 </li><li> CV実験が完了すると、重合溶液から加工（グラッシーカーボンまたはFTO）電極を除去し、穏やかに残りのモノマー溶液を除去するために、ピペットまたは噴霧ボトルからMeCNで電極の表面をすすぐ。 </li></ol></li></ol> 4.表面被覆率の決定<ol><li>対極及び参照電極（electropolymerizatioで使用、好ましくは同じ基準電極を含む電気化学セルで0.1 M TBAPF 6 / MeCN中の新たに調製した溶液でリンス作用電極を配置n）である。 </li><li>サイクリックボルタンメトリーを行って、CV、次のパラメータを使用して実験：スイッチング電位= 0と1.5 V。スキャン/掃引速度= 100 mVの/秒。サイクル数= 15。 </li><li> 、吸着したelectropolymerのRu（III / II）カップルのための陽極と陰極のピーク下電荷を統合し、陽極と陰極のピーク下の電荷を平均化し、式（1）は、表面被覆率を決定する使用。 </li><li> FTOスライドの場合：場所/ビーム経路は着色フィルムを通過するように、UV-Visのサンプルホルダの前方の所定位置におけるFTOスライドを保持する。 FTOスライドを湿式または乾式であるが、ブランクスペクトル下で収集したのと同じ条件下で比較することができる。 </li><li>フィルム自体の吸収スペクトルを生成するために、フィルム·オン·FTOのスペクトルから電解重合する前に、その特定のスライド用に収集したFTOスペクトルを得られたスペクトルを差し引く。 </li></ol>

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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrochemical+and+Spectroelectrochemical+Investigations+into+the+Nature+of+Charge-Trapping+in+Electrochemically-Generated+Homopolymer+Films+of+Tris(4-vinyl-4&#8216;-methyl-2,2&#8216;-bipyridine)ruthenium(II).">Electrochemical and Spectroelectrochemical Investigations into the Nature of Charge-Trapping in Electrochemically-Generated Homopolymer Films of Tris(4-vinyl-4&#8216;-methyl-2,2&#8216;-bipyridine)ruthenium(II).</a> The Journal of Physical Chemistry B. 105, 8718-8724 (2001).</li><li>Laviron, E., Roullier, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=General+expression+of+the+linear+potential+sweep+voltammogram+for+a+surface+redox+reaction+with+interactions+between+the+adsorbed+molecules:+Applications+to+modified+electrodes.">General expression of the linear potential sweep voltammogram for a surface redox reaction with interactions between the adsorbed molecules: Applications to modified electrodes.</a> J. Electroanal. Chem. Interfacial Electrochem. 115, 65-74 (1980).</li><li>Laviron, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=General+expression+of+the+linear+potential+sweep+voltammogram+in+the+case+of+diffusionless+electrochemical+systems.">General expression of the linear potential sweep voltammogram in the case of diffusionless electrochemical systems.</a> J. Electroanal. Chem. 101, 19-28 (1979).</li><li>Ratcliff, E. L., Jenkins, J. L., Nebesny, K., Armstrong, N. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrodeposited,+&#34;Textured&#34;+Poly(3-hexyl-thiophene)+(e-P3HT)+Films+for+Photovoltaic+Applications.">Electrodeposited, &#34;Textured&#34; Poly(3-hexyl-thiophene) (e-P3HT) Films for Photovoltaic Applications.</a> Chemistry of Materials. 20, 5796-5806 (2008).</li></ol>

No conflicts of interest declared.

電解重合は、他の技術に共通していない制御可能な変数の大規模な範囲を提供しています。試薬（モノマー）の濃度、温度、溶媒等のような標準的な反応変数に加えて、電解重合は、さらに、電気化学的方法に共通の電気化学実験パラメータによって制御することができる。 CVは、電位を切り替え、スキャン速度、およびサイクル数はelectropolymersの堆積に影響を与える。例えば、リガ?...

電解重合を直接電極の表面でモノマー前駆体の重合を開始するために印加電位を利用して、薄い電気および/ ​​または電極と半導体表面に光化学的に活性なポリピリフィルムを製造するために利用された重合法である。1-4電気触媒、 5-10電子移動、11、12光化学、13-16エレクトロ17と協調化学18は 、電解膜で研究されてきた。この技術は、第一ビニール3、5、7、8、11-15、19、20、およびピロール6,9の電解重合のためのマイヤー·マレーのコラボレーションでノースカロライナ大学で開発された、21〜24は私を誘導体化導電性基板の上に、様々タル複合体。 図1 electropolymersを生成した金属錯体に配位した場合に、共通のベースピリジル配位子の数を示す。ピロール官能化リガンドと、電解が（ 図2）、酸化電解重合で得られた、ピロール部分の酸化によって開始される一方、還元電解重合では、ビニル基含有化合物の電解重合は、ビニル基にコンジュゲートピリジル配位子の還元時に発生する。電解技術が直接電極に実質的に任意の遷移金属錯体を取り付けるための一般化された方法を提供することを目的として開発された。メソッドの汎用性はelectropolymer修正された電極の数々の調査への扉を開きます。 電極への直接結合を含む他の取り付けストラテジーとは対照的に、電解重合は前売りを提供電極表面の事前修正を必要としないアンテージ。したがって、それは関係なく、表面組成または形態の、導電性基板は任意の数に適用することができる4、10、25、26、この汎用性は、長さが成長するポリマーの物性を変化させることの結果である。モノマーは、電解液中に可溶性であるが、重合がrigidifiesを発生し、架橋フィルムとして、沈殿および物理吸着電極表面（ 図3）が発生する。27 一般に太陽燃料研究に使用される高められたpHは、で不安定であり、酸化物の水中での表面、又はホスホネート誘導体化錯体に不安定であり、酸化物表面に結合したカルボキシレートと比較して、これらの界面電極高分子フィルム構造体は、安定性の追加の利点を提供する大pH範囲（0〜14）を介して、有機溶媒と水を含む様々なメディアで。28-30カルボキシレートまたはホスホネート誘導体化複合体·インタフェース構造が単層表面被覆率に制限されているのに対し、電解重合はまた、サブモノレイヤーから同等物単層の数十または数百に、見かけの表面被覆率の大範囲が膜を堆積することができます。 、ピリジルおよびポリピリジル化合物を含有するビニルピロール、任意の数の重合が可能であるもののの[Ru II（PhTpy）（5,5&#39;- dvbpy）（MeCN中）]（PF 6）2、（1; PhTpy 4&#39;-フェニルである-2,2 &#39;：6&#39;、2 &#39;&#39; -ターピリジン; 5,5&#39;- dvbpyは5,5&#39;-ジビニル-2,2&#39;-ビピリジンであり; 図4）は 、還元電解重合を実証するためのモデルの複合体として利用されるガラス状炭素とフッ素ドープ酸化スズで、FTO、本報告書内の電極1は 、その金属-李に、潜在的な電極触媒の用途を有する近代的electropolymer前駆体の例であり、GAND電荷移動、MLCT、光スペクトルの可視領域内にある吸収スペクトルは、紫外可視分光法を用いて調査することができます。18、30 1のためにここに提示され、いくつかの結果は、すでにわずかに変更された形で公開されていることに注意してください。18

<table><tbody><tr><td>Tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate for electrochemical analysis, &amp;ge;99.0%</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich</td><td>86879-25G</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Acetonitrile&amp;nbsp;(Optima LC/MS), Fisher Chemical</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>A955-4</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3 mm dia. Glassy Carbon Working Electrode</td><td>CH Instruments</td><td>CH104</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Non-Aqueous Ag/Ag&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Reference Electrode w/ porous Teflon Tip</td><td>CH Instruments</td><td>CHI112</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Platinum&amp;nbsp;gauze</td><td>Alfa Aesar</td><td>AA10282FF&amp;nbsp;</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Electrode Polishing Kit</td><td>CH Instruments</td><td>CHI120</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Cole-Parmer KAPTON TAPE 1/2&amp;nbsp;IN x 36&amp;nbsp;YD</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>NC0099200</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fisherbrand Polypropylene Tubing 4-Way Connectors</td><td>Fisher Scientific</td><td>15-315-32B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>500 ml Bottle, Gas Washing, Tall Form, Coarse Frit</td><td>Chemglass</td><td>CG-1114-15</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>3-compartment H-Cell for electrochemistry</td><td>Custom made H-cell with 3 compartments</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

reductive electropolymerization of a vinyl-containing poly-pyridyl complex on glassy carbon and fluorine-doped tin oxide electrodes

制御可能な電極表面の修飾は、フィールド、太陽燃料アプリケーションで特に数が重要である。電解重合は、ヘルムホルツ層における基質の重合を開始するために印加電位を利用することにより、電極の表面に高分子フィルムを電着物つの表面改質技術である。この有用な技術は、最初に1980年代初期にノースカロライナ大学チャペルヒル校で、マレー·マイヤーのコラボレーションによって確立され、単量体の基板などの無機複合体を含有するフィルムの多数の物理現象を研究するために利用された。ここでは、ガラス状炭素、フッ素ドープ酸化スズコーティングされた電極上にビニル含有ポリピリジル錯体の還元電解重合を行うことにより、無機複合体被覆電極のための手順を強調する。電気化学セル構成およびトラブルシューティングの手順上の勧告が含まれています。メールではないがxplicitlyここで説明し、ピロール含有化合物の酸化電解重合は、ビニル系還元電解と同様の手順に従うが、はるかに感度が低い酸素および水にある。

所定のCV実験（プロトコルテキストSTEP 3.3.2）の進行状況を観察したときElectropolymer成長が最も容易に認識されている。 図5は1と0.071センチメートル2（3ミリメートル直径）グラッシーカーボン電極上にelectropolymer成長を例示している。実験の最初のサイクルはますます強化された電流であり、 第 1および第 2 のリガンドを中心削減の波を通じて、ほ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes at JoVE.com

Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes

A procedure for performing reductive electropolymerization of vinyl-containing compounds onto glassy carbon and fluorine doped tin-oxide coated electrodes is presented. Recommendations on electrochemical cell configurations and troubleshooting procedures are included. Although not explicitly described here, oxidative electropolymerization of pyrrole-containing compounds follows similar procedures to vinyl-based reductive electropolymerization.

グラッシーカーボンとフ​​ッ素ドープ酸化スズ電極上にビニル含有ポリピリジル錯体の還元電解重合

Controllable electrode surface modification is important in a number of fields, especially those with solar fuels applications. Electropolymerization is ...

reductive-electropolymerization-vinyl-containing-poly-pyridyl-complex

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

11.8K ビュー.  Virginia Military Institute. A procedure for performing reductive electropolymerization of vinyl-containing compounds onto glassy carbon and fluorine doped tin-oxide coated electrodes is presented. Recommendations on electrochemical cell configurations and troubleshooting procedures are included. Although not explicitly described here, oxidative electropolymerization of pyrrole-containing compounds follows similar procedures to vinyl-based reductive electropolymerization. 

ビデオ: Reductive Electropolymerization of a Vinyl-containing Poly-pyridyl Complex on Glassy Carbon and Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide Electrodes

Patterning Cells on Optically Transparent Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes

The ability to exercise precise spatial and temporal control over cell-surface interactions is an important prerequisite to the assembly of multi-cellular constructs serving as in vitro mimics of native tissues.  In this study, photolithography and wet etching techniques were used to fabricate individually addressable indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes on glass substrates.  The glass substrates containing ITO microelectrodes were modified with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) silane to make them protein and cell resistive.  Presence of insulating PEG molecules on the electrode surface was verified by cyclic voltammetry employing potassium ferricyanide as a redox reporter molecule.  Importantly, the application of reductive potential caused desorption of the PEG layer, resulting in regeneration of the conductive electrode surface and appearance of typical ferricyanide redox peaks.    Application of reductive potential also corresponded to switching of ITO electrode properties from cell non-adhesive to cell-adhesive. Electrochemical stripping of PEG-silane layer from ITO microelectrodes allowed for cell adhesion to take place in a spatially defined fashion, with cellular patterns corresponding closely to electrode patterns.  Micropatterning of several cell types was demonstrated on these substrates.   In the future, the control of the biointerfacial properties afforded by this method will allow to engineer cellular microenvironments through the assembly of three or more cell types into a precise geometric configuration on an optically transparent substrate.

Non-fouling PEG silane monolayer was desorbed from individually addressable ITO electrodes on glass by application of a reductive potential. Electrochemical stripping of PEG-silane layer from ITO microelectrodes allowed for cell adhesion to take place in a spatially defined fashion, with cellular patterns corresponding closely to electrode patterns.

光学的に透明な酸化インジウムスズ電極上にパターニングセル

The ability to exercise precise spatial and temporal control over cell-surface interactions is an important prerequisite to the assembly of multi-cellular ...

生物学

Electroactive Polymer Nanoparticles Exhibiting Photothermal Properties

A method for the synthesis of electroactive polymers is demonstrated, starting with the synthesis of extended conjugation monomers using a three-step process that finishes with Negishi coupling. Negishi coupling is a cross-coupling process in which a chemical precursor is first lithiated, followed by transmetallation with ZnCl2. The resultant organozinc compound can be coupled to a dibrominated aromatic precursor to give the conjugated monomer. Polymer films can be prepared via electropolymerization of the monomer and characterized using cyclic voltammetry and ultraviolet-visible-near infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy. Nanoparticles (NPs) are prepared via emulsion polymerization of the monomer using a two-surfactant system to yield an aqueous dispersion of the polymer NPs. The NPs are characterized using dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, and UV-Vis-NIR-spectroscopy. Cytocompatibility of NPs is investigated using the cell viability assay. Finally, the NP suspensions are irradiated with a NIR laser to determine their effectiveness as potential materials for photothermal therapy (PTT).

A protocol is presented for the synthesis and preparation of nanoparticles consisting of electroactive polymers.

電気活性ポリマーナノ粒子出展光熱プロパティ

A method for the synthesis of electroactive polymers is demonstrated, starting with the synthesis of extended conjugation monomers using a three-step ...

工学

Fabrication of Fully Solution Processed Inorganic Nanocrystal Photovoltaic Devices

We demonstrate a method for the preparation of fully solution processed inorganic solar cells from a spin and spray coating deposition of nanocrystal inks. For the photoactive absorber layer, colloidal CdTe and CdSe nanocrystals (3-5 nm) are synthesized using an inert hot injection technique and cleaned with precipitations to remove excess starting reagents. Similarly, gold nanocrystals (3-5 nm) are synthesized under ambient conditions and dissolved in organic solvents. In addition, precursor solutions for transparent conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) films are prepared from solutions of indium and tin salts paired with a reactive oxidizer. Layer-by-layer, these solutions are deposited onto a glass substrate following annealing (200-400 &#176;C) to build the nanocrystal solar cell (glass/ITO/CdSe/CdTe/Au). Pre-annealing ligand exchange is required for CdSe and CdTe nanocrystals where films are dipped in NH4Cl:methanol to replace long-chain native ligands with small inorganic Cl- anions. NH4Cl(s) was found to act as a catalyst for the sintering reaction (as a non-toxic alternative to the conventional CdCl2(s) treatment) leading to grain growth (136&#177;39 nm) during heating. The thickness and roughness of the prepared films are characterized with SEM and optical profilometry. FTIR is used to determine the degree of ligand exchange prior to sintering, and XRD is used to verify the crystallinity and phase of each material. UV/Vis spectra show high visible light transmission through the ITO layer and a red shift in the absorbance of the cadmium chalcogenide nanocrystals after thermal annealing. Current-voltage curves of completed devices are measured under simulated one sun illumination. Small differences in deposition techniques and reagents employed during ligand exchange have been shown to have a profound influence on the device properties. Here, we examine the effects of chemical (sintering and ligand exchange agents) and physical treatments (solution concentration, spray-pressure, annealing time and annealing temperature) on photovoltaic device performance.

This protocol describes the synthesis and solution deposition of inorganic nanocrystals layer by layer to produce thin film electronics on non-conductive surfaces. Solvent-stabilized inks can produce complete photovoltaic devices on glass substrates via spin and spray coating following post-deposition ligand exchange and sintering.

完全に解決策が処理無機ナノ結晶太陽電池素子の作製

We demonstrate a method for the preparation of fully solution processed inorganic solar cells from a spin and spray coating deposition of nanocrystal ...

Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor

The gastrointestinal tract is an example of barrier tissue that provides a physical barrier against entry of pathogens and toxins, while allowing the passage of necessary ions and molecules. A breach in this barrier can be caused by a reduction in the extracellular calcium concentration. This reduction in calcium concentration causes a conformational change in proteins involved in the sealing of the barrier, leading to an increase of the paracellular flux. To mimic this effect the calcium chelator ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N&#39;,N&#39;-tetra acetic acid (EGTA) was used on a monolayer of cells known to be representative of the gastrointestinal tract. Different methods to detect the disruption of the barrier tissue already exist, such as immunofluorescence and&#160;permeability assays. However, these methods are time-consuming and costly and not suited to dynamic or high-throughput measurements. Electronic methods for measuring barrier tissue integrity also exist for measurement of the transepithelial resistance (TER), however these are often costly and complex. The development of rapid, cheap, and sensitive methods is urgently needed as the integrity of barrier tissue is a key parameter in drug discovery and pathogen/toxin diagnostics. The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) integrated with barrier tissue forming cells has been shown as a new device capable of dynamically monitoring barrier tissue integrity. The device is able to measure minute variations in ionic flux with unprecedented temporal resolution and sensitivity, in real time, as an indicator of barrier tissue integrity. This new method is based on a simple device that can be compatible with high throughput screening applications and fabricated at low cost.

The Organic Electrochemical Transistor is integrated with live cells and used to monitor ion flux across the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier. In this study, an increase in ion flux, related to disruption of tight junctions, induced by the presence of the calcium chelator EGTA (ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetra acetic acid), is measured.

有機電気化学トランジスタにバリア組織破壊の検出

The gastrointestinal tract is an example of barrier tissue that provides a physical barrier against entry of pathogens and toxins, while allowing the ...

生物工学

Reactive Vapor Deposition of Conjugated Polymer Films on Arbitrary Substrates

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. Conductive polymers, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT), and a semiconducting polymer, poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (PTT), were deposited on unconventional highly-disordered and textured substrates with high surface areas, such as paper, towels and fabrics. This reported deposition chamber is an improvement of previous vapor reactors because our system can accommodate both volatile and nonvolatile monomers, such as 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene and thieno[3,2-b]thiophene. Utilization of both solid and liquid oxidants are also demonstrated. One limitation of this method is that it lacks sophisticated in situ thickness monitors. Polymer coatings made by the commonly used solution-based coating methods, such as spin-coating and surface grafting, are often not uniform or susceptible to mechanical degradation. This reported vapor phase deposition method overcomes those drawbacks and is a strong alternative to common solution-based coating methods. Notably, polymer films coated by the reported method are uniform and conformal on rough surfaces, even at a micrometer scale. This feature allows for future application of vapor deposited polymers in electronics devices on flexible and highly textured substrates.

This paper presents a protocol for reactive vapor deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene), and poly(thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) films on glass slides and rough substrates, such as textiles and paper.

任意の基板上への共役ポリマー薄膜の反応性蒸着

We demonstrate a method of conformally coating conjugated polymers on arbitrary substrates using a custom-designed, low-pressure reaction chamber. ...

化学

Solution-Processed "Silver-Bismuth-Iodine" Ternary Thin Films for Lead-Free Photovoltaic Absorbers

Bismuth-based hybrid perovskites are regarded as promising photo-active semiconductors for environment-friendly and air-stable solar cell applications. However, poor surface morphologies and relatively high bandgap energies have limited their potential. Silver-bismuth-iodine (Ag-Bi-I) is a promising semiconductor for optoelectronic devices. Therefore, we demonstrate the fabrication of Ag-Bi-I ternary thin films using material solution processing. The resulting thin films exhibit controlled surface morphologies and optical bandgaps according to their thermal annealing temperatures. In addition, it has been reported that Ag-Bi-I ternary systems crystallize to AgBi2I7, Ag2BiI5, etc. according to the ratio of the precursor chemicals. The solution-processed AgBi2I7 thin films exhibit a cubic-phase crystal structure, dense, pinhole-free surface morphologies with grains ranging in size from 200 to 800 nm, and an indirect bandgap of 1.87 eV. The resultant AgBi2I7 thin films show good air stability and energy band diagrams, as well as surface morphologies and optical bandgaps suitable for lead-free and air-stable single-junction solar cells. Very recently, a solar cell with 4.3% power conversion efficiency was obtained by optimizing the Ag-Bi-I crystal compositions and solar cell device architectures.

Herein, we present detailed protocols for solution-processed silver-bismuth-iodine (Ag-Bi-I) ternary semiconductor thin films fabricated on TiO2-coated transparent electrodes and their potential application as air-stable and lead-free optoelectronic devices.

ソリューション処理「銀ビスマス ヨード」三項薄膜鉛フリー太陽光吸収体の

Bismuth-based hybrid perovskites are regarded as promising photo-active semiconductors for environment-friendly and air-stable solar cell applications. ...

An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation

We demonstrate a method for fabricating a prototype reflective display device that contains cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) as an active component. The cholesteric LC is composed of a nematic LC 4&#39;-pentyloxy-4-cyanobiphenyl (5OCB), redox-responsive chiral dopant (FcD), and a supporting electrolyte 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMIm-OTf). The most important component is FcD. This molecule changes its helical twisting power (HTP) value in response to redox reactions. Therefore, in situ electrochemical redox reactions in the LC mixture allow for the device to change its reflection color in response to electrical stimuli. The LC mixture was introduced, by a capillary action, into a sandwich-type ITO glass cell comprising two glass slides with patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, one of which was coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) doped with perchlorate (PEDOT+). Upon application of +1.5 V, the reflection color of the device changed from blue (467 nm) to green (485 nm) in 0.4 s. Subsequent application of 0 V made the device recover the original blue color in 2.7 s. This device is characterized by its fastest electrical response and lowest operating voltage among any previously reported cholesteric LC device. This device could pave the way for the development of next generation reflective displays with low energy consumption rates.

A protocol for the fabrication of a reflective cholesteric liquid crystalline display device containing a redox-responsive chiral dopant allowing quick and low-voltage operation is presented.

迅速かつ低電圧の色変調のため電気化学コレステリック液晶結晶デバイス

We demonstrate a method for fabricating a prototype reflective display device that contains cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) as an active component. The ...

Electrochemical Preparation of Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene) Layers on Gold Microelectrodes for Uric Acid-Sensing Applications

Two different methods for the synthesis of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on gold electrodes are described, using electropolymerization of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) monomer in an aqueous and an organic solution. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was used in the synthesis of PEDOT thin layers. Lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) was used as a dopant in both aqueous (aqueous/acetonitrile (ACN)) and organic (propylene carbonate (PC)) solvent systems. After the PEDOT layer was created in the organic system, the electrode surface was acclimatized by successive cycling in an aqueous solution for use as a sensor for aqueous samples. 
The use of an aqueous-based electropolymerization method has the potential benefit of removing the acclimatization step to have a shorter sensor preparation time. Although the aqueous method is more economical and environmentally friendly than the organic solvent method, superior PEDOT formation is obtained in the organic solution. The resulting PEDOT electrode surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which showed the constant growth of PEDOT during electropolymerization from the organic PC solution, with rapid fractal-type growth on gold (Au) microelectrodes.

Electrochemical Preparation of Poly3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene Layers on Gold Microelectrodes for Uric Acid-Sensing Applications

We describe aqueous and organic solvent systems for the electropolymerization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) to create thin layers on the surface of gold microelectrodes, which are used for sensing low molecular weight analytes.

尿酸検出アプリケーションのための金微小電極上のポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)層の電気化学的調製

Two different methods for the synthesis of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) on gold electrodes are described, using electropolymerization of ...

Development of Efficient OLEDs from Solution Deposition

The use of highly efficient organic emitters based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) concept is interesting due to their 100% internal quantum efficiency. Presented here is a solution deposition method for the fabrication of efficient organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on a TADF emitter in a simple device structure. This fast, low-cost, and efficient process can be used for all OLED emissive layers that follow the host-guest concept. The fundamental steps are described along with necessary information for further reproduction. The goal to establish a general protocol that can be easily adapted for principal organic emitters currently under study and development.

Presented here is a protocol for the fabrication of efficient, simple, solution-deposited organic light-emitting diodes with low roll-off.

溶液成膜からの高効率有機ELの開発

The use of highly efficient organic emitters based on the thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) concept is interesting due to their 100% ...

Vapor Phase Deposition of Electroactive Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) onto Electrospun Commodity Polymer Nanofibers

This study investigates the preparation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers through electrospinning to create highly porous and strong materials for applications in water purification, electrocatalysis, and biomedicine. The uniformly white PAN nanofiber mats were cut into 2 cm x 2 cm coupons to ensure consistency. After electrospinning, these nanofibers were coated with an electroactive polymer (EAP) using chemical vapor deposition, with iron (III) chloride (FeCl3) serving as an oxidant for polymerizing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) into poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). The study examined the impact of different FeCl3 concentrations on PEDOT deposition on the PAN coupons. PEDOT deposition led to an increase in coupon weight. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed increases in the diameter of the nanofibers treated with increasing FeCl3 oxidant concentration, although higher FeCl3&#160;concentrations caused inter-fiber bridging, implying a concomitant decrease in inter-fiber spacing. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to confirm the presence of Fe, Cl, and S in the nanofibers, with sulfur content rising with FeCl3&#160;concentration used, suggesting increased PEDOT deposition efficiency with increasing oxidant concentration. Mechanical testing showed that PEDOT-coated PAN fibers had improved tensile strength and toughness in the hydrated state compared to pure PAN nanofibers. These results highlight the crucial role of FeCl3&#160;concentration in influencing the morphology and properties of PAN-PEDOT composites, enhancing their suitability for applications such as water purification, tissue engineering, biosensing, catalysis, and energy storage.

This paper describes a simple technique for coating electrospun PAN nanofibers with electroactive polymers using vapor deposition. The effects of the oxidant FeCl&#8323; on the deposition of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coatings on PAN were investigated to understand and optimize polymer growth, fiber diameter, and overall mechanical strength of the nanofiber mats.

エレクトロスピニング商品ポリマーナノファイバー上への電気活性ポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)の気相堆積

This study investigates the preparation of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers through electrospinning to create highly porous and strong materials for ...

グラッシーカーボンとフッ素ドープ酸化スズ電極上にビニル含有ポリピリジル錯体の還元電解重合

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光学的に透明な酸化インジウムスズ電極上にパターニングセル

電気活性ポリマーナノ粒子出展光熱プロパティ

完全に解決策が処理無機ナノ結晶太陽電池素子の作製

有機電気化学トランジスタにバリア組織破壊の検出

任意の基板上への共役ポリマー薄膜の反応性蒸着

ソリューション処理「銀ビスマスヨード」三項薄膜鉛フリー太陽光吸収体の

迅速かつ低電圧の色変調のため電気化学コレステリック液晶結晶デバイス

尿酸検出アプリケーションのための金微小電極上のポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)層の電気化学的調製

溶液成膜からの高効率有機ELの開発

エレクトロスピニング商品ポリマーナノファイバー上への電気活性ポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)の気相堆積

グラッシーカーボンとフ​​ッ素ドープ酸化スズ電極上にビニル含有ポリピリジル錯体の還元電解重合

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

光学的に透明な酸化インジウムスズ電極上にパターニングセル

電気活性ポリマーナノ粒子出展光熱プロパティ

完全に解決策が処理無機ナノ結晶太陽電池素子の作製

有機電気化学トランジスタにバリア組織破壊の検出

任意の基板上への共役ポリマー薄膜の反応性蒸着

ソリューション処理「銀ビスマス ヨード」三項薄膜鉛フリー太陽光吸収体の

迅速かつ低電圧の色変調のため電気化学コレステリック液晶結晶デバイス

尿酸検出アプリケーションのための金微小電極上のポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)層の電気化学的調製

溶液成膜からの高効率有機ELの開発

エレクトロスピニング商品ポリマーナノファイバー上への電気活性ポリ(3,4-エチレンジオキシチオフェン)の気相堆積

グラッシーカーボンとフッ素ドープ酸化スズ電極上にビニル含有ポリピリジル錯体の還元電解重合

ソリューション処理「銀ビスマスヨード」三項薄膜鉛フリー太陽光吸収体の