We would like to thank Dr. Harry Orr at the University of Minnesota for his generous gift of transgenic mice. We would also like to thank the following Skidmore College alum for their work performing the preceding experiments: Monica Villegas, Porter Hall, Mitchell Spring, Nicholas Toker, Jenny Zhang, Chloe Larson and Cheyanne Slocum. Furthermore, we would like to thank Skidmore College for funding the development of these methods.

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H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessment+of+motor+balance+and+coordination+in+mice+using+the+balance+beam.">Assessment of motor balance and coordination in mice using the balance beam.</a> J Vis Exp. (49), (2011).</li><li>Servadio, A., Koshy, B., Armstrong, D., Antalffy, B., Orr, H. T., Zoghbi, H. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+analysis+of+the+ataxin-1+protein+in+tissues+from+normal+and+spinocerebellar+ataxia+type+1+individuals.">Expression analysis of the ataxin-1 protein in tissues from normal and spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 individuals.</a> Nat Genet. 10 (1), 94-98 (1995).</li><li>Klement, I. 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著者らは、開示することは何もありません。

説明したように、これらの方法を使用する場合、それらは、小脳の神経変性疾患のマウスモデルにおける酸化的リン酸化によって媒介されるミトコンドリア機能不全を検出し、緩和することが可能です。組み合わせた生化学的および行動アッセイは、小脳の神経変性疾患の病態にミトコンドリアの寄与の程度を決定するための多面的な方法です。代謝を促進し、ミトコンドリア機能を高める?...

ミトコンドリア電子輸送鎖を使用して、酸化的リン酸化（OXPHOS）を経て製造ミトコンドリアのATPの大部分で、アデノシン三リン酸（ATP）、細胞エネルギーのために必須の補酵素の主要な生産者です。脳は、その高い代謝要求と神経活動に電力を供給するための酸化的リン酸化への依存を与え、ミトコンドリア機能障害の影響を非常に受けやすいです。その結果、ミトコンドリア機能障害は、老化プロセス中にトリガされます 1及び複数の神経変性疾患2、3、4の病因に関与しています。したがって、ミトコンドリアは、神経変性のための魅力的な治療標的であることになります。 このプロトコルでは、我々はミトコンドリアの研究のためのモデルの神経変性疾患などの脊髄小脳失調症1型（SCA1）の使用を採用していますリットル機能障害およびミトコンドリア標的療法の開発。 SCA1は、他の脳領域のプルキンエ小脳のニューロンとニューロンの進行性変性をトリガアタキシン1遺伝子産物におけるポリグルタミン（ポリQ）リピート伸長変異によって引き起こされます。プルキンエ細胞特異的プロモーターの制御下でポリQ突然変異体アタキシン1導入遺伝子を発現する（SCA1マウスと命名）は、ここで使用されるトランスジェニックマウス系統は、SCA1 5のプルキンエ細胞成分の標的分析を可能にします。 SCA1マウスは緩やかなプルキンエ細胞の変性を受け、失調性歩行6を開発します。 ミトコンドリア複合体の機能不全とミトコンドリア標的治療の有効性は、分子や行動アッセイの電池を用いて評価することができます。ミトコンドリア複合体機能障害は小脳組織内の変更された酸素消費量を検出する呼吸アッセイによりex vivoで測定され、電子伝達鎖基質および阻害剤7が存在します。呼吸アッセイは、以前に透過性の組織、ミトコンドリアの単離物、および全組織7、8、9で使用されてきました。これらは、透過型電子顕微鏡または免疫蛍光染色などの形態学的データの収集方法とは異なり、ミトコンドリア機能を直接評価することを可能にします。組織全体ではなく、単離ミトコンドリアの使用は、単離工程7の間に発生する可能性があり、健康なミトコンドリアのバイアスされた選択を防ぐことができます。示されるように、プロトコルに適合したときに、呼吸アッセイは、小脳の神経変性疾患状態においてミトコンドリア機能障害を検出するための有益な方法です。 代謝の非特異的活性化は、神経変性diseasのトランスジェニックマウスモデルにおいてミトコンドリア機能障害を推定するために使用することができeと新しい治療法の開発に役立ちます。ケルセチン、コエンザイムQ10およびクレアチンは、全ての患者において神経変性病10、11、12、13、14、15、16の動物モデルにおいて神経変性疾患の病状を改善することが示されています。ここでは、代謝を促進し、神経変性疾患でミトコンドリアの機能を高めるための新規な代謝賦活剤、コハク酸を、提示します。活性化剤は、血液脳関門を通過していることを確実にするために、HPLCを処置したマウス17の神経組織への送達を検出するために使用しました。 コハク酸のような代謝的に標的と水溶性化合物の治療効果を評価するために、行動パラダイム及び免疫病理学的研究の電池を使用することができます。デュ小脳の神経変性疾患、フットプリントの滑走路アッセイ、ビームアッセイ加速回転棒アッセイに見られる運動協調の障害に電子が行動病理6、18、19の救助を検出するために使用されます。これらの措置は、小脳組織6、20、21の定義された小葉内の分子（プルキンエ細胞の樹状突起樹の長さとして定義された）層の厚さとプルキンエ細胞体数を評価することによって小脳細胞構築の免疫病理学的評価を補っています。ここでは、代謝的に標的と水溶性化合物を用いたミトコンドリア機能障害の検出および治療のための複数の神経病理学的および行動の方法を提示します。 私たちは、SCA1のTRANにミトコンドリア機能障害を分析するために、ミトコンドリア呼吸のex vivo分析を使用しますsgenicマウス。さらに、我々は、疾患の症状および病状がさらにSCA1疾患の進行におけるミトコンドリア機能障害が関与し、水溶性のミトコンドリアブースタコハク酸によって改善されることを示しています。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Adenosine diphosphate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A2754</td>
			<td>ADP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ascorbate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A7631</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A2153</td>
			<td>BSA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4&#39;,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D9542</td>
			<td>DAPI</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Digitonin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D141</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dithiothreitol</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D0632</td>
			<td>DTT</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Donkey serum</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D9663</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glutamate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>1446600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Malate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>6994</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mannitol</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>M4125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium-lactobionate</td>
			<td>Bio-Sugars</td>
			<td>69313-67-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotenone</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>R8875</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Saponin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>47036</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Succinic Acid</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>S3674</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N,N,N&#8242;,N&#8242;-Tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>T7394</td>
			<td>TMPD</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>T9284</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Urea</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>U0631</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vectashield mounting medium</td>
			<td>Vector Labs</td>
			<td>H-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antibodies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>11NQ antibody (anti-ataxin-1 )</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Servadio, et al. 1995, PMID: 7647801</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 488 anti-mouse secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-11015</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 594 anti-rabbit secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-11012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calbindin antibody (goat)</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>C-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Animals</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Control transgenic mice</td>
			<td>Harry Orr, Ph.D.</td>
			<td>A02</td>
			<td>Burright, et al. 1997, PMID: 9217978</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SCA1 mice</td>
			<td>Harry Orr, Ph.D.</td>
			<td>B05</td>
			<td>Burright, et al. 1997, PMID: 9217978</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wildtype mice</td>
			<td>The Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>001800</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ESM-100L microtome</td>
			<td>ERMA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Sledge microtome</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluoview FV1200 Confocal Microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol-gelatin slides</td>
			<td>FD Neuro Technologies</td>
			<td>PO101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hamilton syringe</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>VCAT 80465</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OXYT1 Oxytherm Electrode Control Unit</td>
			<td>Hansatech Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>P.T.F.E. paper</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer</td>
			<td>UX-08277-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotallion Rotarod</td>
			<td>PPP&#38;G</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>contact corresponding author for information</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultimate 3000 HPLC</td>
			<td>Dionex</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ImageJ</td>
			<td>National Institute of Health</td>
			<td></td>
			<td><a href="http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/">http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell counter plugin (for ImageJ)</td>
			<td>National Institute of Health</td>
			<td></td>
			<td><a href="http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/plugins/cell-counter.html">http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/plugins/cell-counter.html</a></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3P&#38;G Rota-Rod v3.3.3 (rotarod software)</td>
			<td>PPP&#38;G</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>contact corresponding author for information</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phidget21.dll (required for rotarod software)</td>
			<td>DLL-Files.com</td>
			<td></td>
			<td><a href="https://www.dll-files.com/phidget21.dll.html">https://www.dll-files.com/phidget21.dll.html</a></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

treating sca1 mice with water-soluble compounds to non-specifically boost mitochondrial function

ミトコンドリア機能障害は老化のプロセスで、いくつかの遺伝性脊髄小脳失調症と小脳の進行性変性によってマークされ、他の運動障害などの神経変性疾患において重要な役割を果たしています。このプロトコルの目的は、脊髄小脳失調症1型（SCA1）におけるミトコンドリア機能障害を評価し、疾患の進行を遅らせるために、水溶性の化合物のコハク酸を介して代謝呼吸の薬理学的標的化の有効性を評価することです。このアプローチは、他の小脳疾患に適用可能であり、水溶性の治療のホストに適合させることができます。 ミトコンドリア呼吸のex vivo分析は、ミトコンドリア機能の疾患に関連する変化を検出し、定量化するために使用されます。遺伝的証拠（未発表データ）とSCA1マウスモデルにおけるミトコンドリア機能障害のプロテオミクス証拠により、我々は、水溶性代謝ブースターSを用いた治療の有効性を評価しますホームケージの飲料水に直接この化合物を溶解することによりuccinic酸。血液脳関門を通過する薬剤の能力は、高速液体クロマトグラフィー（HPLC）を用いて推定することができます。これらの化合物の有効性は、その後、加速ロータロッド、バランスビームテスト及びフットプリント分析を含む、複数の行動パラダイムを用いて試験することができます。小脳の細胞構築完全性は、プルキンエ細胞核とプルキンエ細胞の樹状突起と細胞体を検出する免疫​​アッセイを用いて評価することができます。これらの方法は、ミトコンドリア機能障害および小脳の神経変性疾患における水溶性化合物を用いた治療の有効性を決定するための強固な技術です。

コハク酸と小脳ミトコンドリアの薬理学的標的化を通して、私たちは、小脳の神経変性疾患のSCA1のマウスモデルにおけるミトコンドリア機能障害を防止することができます。コハク酸デヒドロゲナーゼ、コハク酸、の正規の電子供与体は、治療（ 図 1A）は、次の治療および神経病理学的評価の第2週の間、行動評価の始まりと、1ヶ月間SCA1マ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Treating SCA1 Mice with Water-Soluble Compounds to Non-Specifically Boost Mitochondrial Function at JoVE.com

ミトコンドリア機能を非特異的に高めるための水溶性化合物による SCA1 マウスの治療 |医学 |ビデオ

Treating SCA1 Mice with Water-Soluble Compounds to Non-Specifically Boost Mitochondrial Function

We present a biochemical and behavioral protocol to evaluate the efficacy of mitochondria-targeted water-soluble compounds for the treatment of Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and other cerebellar neurodegenerative diseases.

非具体的に水溶性化合物でSCA1マウスの治療は、ミトコンドリア機能を高めます

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a significant role in the aging process and in neurodegenerative diseases including several hereditary spinocerebellar ...

treating-sca1-mice-with-water-soluble-compounds-to-non-specifically

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10.5K ビュー.  Skidmore College. We present a biochemical and behavioral protocol to evaluate the efficacy of mitochondria-targeted water-soluble compounds for the treatment of Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) and other cerebellar neurodegenerative diseases. 

ビデオ: Treating SCA1 Mice with Water-Soluble Compounds to Non-Specifically Boost Mitochondrial Function

Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000

The endothelium is a delicate monolayer of cells that lines all blood vessels, and which comprises the systemic and lymphatic capillaries. By virtue of the panoply of paracrine factors that it secretes, the endothelium regulates the contractile and proliferative state of the underlying vascular smooth muscle, as well as the interaction of the vessel wall with circulating blood elements. Because of its central role in mediating vessel tone and growth, its position as gateway to circulating immune cells, and its local regulation of hemostasis and coagulation, the the properly functioning endothelium is the key to cardiovascular health. Conversely, the earliest disorder in most vascular diseases is endothelial dysfunction.
In the arterial circulation, the healthy endothelium generally exerts a vasodilator influence on the vascular smooth muscle. There are a number of methods to assess endothelial vasodilator function. The Endo-PAT 2000 is a new device that is used to assess endothelial vasodilator function in a rapid and non-invasive fashion. Unlike the commonly used technique of duplex ultra-sonography to assess flow-mediated vasodilation, it is totally non-operator-dependent, and the equipment is an order of magnitude less expensive. The device records endothelium-mediated changes in the digital pulse waveform known as the PAT ( peripheral Arterial Tone) signal, measured with a pair of novel modified plethysmographic probes situated on the finger index of each hand. Endothelium-mediated changes in the PAT signal are elicited by creating a downstream hyperemic response. Hyperemia is induced by occluding blood flow through the brachial artery for 5 minutes using an inflatable cuff on one hand. The response to reactive hyperemia is calculated automatically by the system. A PAT ratio is created using the post and pre occlusion values. These values are normalized to measurements from the contra-lateral arm, which serves as control for non-endothelial dependent systemic effects. Most notably, this normalization controls for fluctuations in sympathetic nerve outflow that may induce changes in peripheral arterial tone that are superimposed on the hyperemic response.
In this video we demonstrate how to use the Endo-PAT 2000 to perform a clinically relevant assessment of endothelial vasodilator function.

A noninvasive procedure to assess endothelial function is demonstrated using the Endo-PAT 2000.

遠藤- PAT 2000で内皮血管拡張機能を評価する

The endothelium is a delicate monolayer of cells that lines all blood vessels, and which comprises the systemic and lymphatic capillaries. By virtue of ...

医学

Tumor Treating Field Therapy in Combination with Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Recurrent Glioblastoma

A novel device that employs TTF therapy has recently been developed and is currently in use for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM). It was FDA approved in April 2011 for the treatment of patients 22 years or older with rGBM. The device delivers alternating electric fields and is programmed to ensure maximal tumor cell kill1.
Glioblastoma is the most common type of glioma and has an estimated incidence of approximately 10,000 new cases per year in the United States alone2. This tumor is particularly resistant to treatment and is uniformly fatal especially in the recurrent setting3-5. Prior to the approval of the TTF System, the only FDA approved treatment for rGBM was bevacizumab6. Bevacizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeted against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein that drives tumor angiogenesis7. By blocking the VEGF pathway, bevacizumab can result in a significant radiographic response (pseudoresponse), improve progression free survival and reduce corticosteroid requirements in rGBM patients8,9. Bevacizumab however failed to prolong overall survival in a recent phase III trial26. A pivotal phase III trial (EF-11) demonstrated comparable overall survival between physicians&#8217; choice chemotherapy and TTF Therapy but better quality of life were observed in the TTF arm10.
There is currently an unmet need to develop novel approaches designed to prolong overall survival and/or improve quality of life in this unfortunate patient population. One appealing approach would be to combine the two currently approved treatment modalities namely bevacizumab and TTF Therapy. These two treatments are currently approved as monotherapy11,12, but their combination has never been evaluated in a clinical trial. We have developed an approach for combining those two treatment modalities and treated 2 rGBM patients. Here we describe a detailed methodology outlining this novel treatment protocol and present representative data from one of the treated patients.

A novel methodology that is employed for the treatment of recurrent glioblastomas is described. This treatment approach employs the application of alternating electric tumor treating fields (TTFields), known as TTF Therapy in combination with bevacizumab, a targeted agent that is currently FDA approved as monotherapy.

再発神経膠芽腫の治療のためのベバシズマブと組み合わせてフィールド療法の治療腫瘍

A novel device that employs TTF therapy has recently been developed and is currently in use for the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM). It was FDA ...

Using Saccadometry with Deep Brain Stimulation to Study Normal and Pathological Brain Function

The oculomotor system involves a large number of brain areas including parts of the basal ganglia, and various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's and Huntington's can disrupt it. People with Parkinson's disease, for example, tend to have increased saccadic latencies. Consequently, the quantitative measurement of saccadic eye movements has received considerable attention as a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative conditions. A lot more can be learned about the brain in both health and disease by observing what happens to eye movements when the function of specific brain areas is perturbed. Deep brain stimulation is a surgical intervention used for the management of a range of neurological conditions including Parkinson's disease, in which stimulating electrodes are placed in specific brain areas including several sites in the basal ganglia. Eye movement measurements can then be made with the stimulator systems both off and on and the results compared. With suitable experimental design, this approach can be used to study the pathophysiology of the disease being treated, the mechanism by which DBS exerts it beneficial effects, and even aspects of normal neurophysiology.

This paper describes the use of quantitative measurement of eye movements in conjunction with stimulation of focal areas of the deep brain in order to study physiology, pathophysiology, and the mechanisms of deep brain stimulation.

正常および病的脳機能を研究するために脳深部刺激でSaccadometryを使用します

The oculomotor system involves a large number of brain areas including parts of the basal ganglia, and various neurodegenerative diseases including ...

Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography

Air volume changes created by a conscious subject breathing spontaneously within a body box are at the basis of plethysmography, a technique used to non-invasively assess some features of the respiratory function in humans as well as in laboratory animals. The present article focuses on the application of the double-chamber plethysmography (DCP) in small animals. It provides background information on the methodology as well as a detailed step-by-step procedure to successfully assess respiratory function in conscious, spontaneously breathing animals in a non-invasive manner. The DCP can be used to monitor the respiratory function of multiple animals in parallel, as well as to identify changes induced by aerosolized substances over a chosen time period and in a repeated manner. Experiments on control and allergic mice are used herein to demonstrate the utility of the technique, explain the associated outcome parameters, as well as to discuss the related advantages and shortcomings. Overall, the DCP provides valid and theoretically sound readouts that can be trusted to evaluate the respiratory function of conscious small animals both at baseline and after challenges with aerosolized substances.

The objective of the present article is to provide a detailed description of the recommended procedures to evaluate respiratory function in conscious mice by double-chamber plethysmography.

ダブル室容積脈波による意識下マウスにおける呼吸機能の評価

Air volume changes created by a conscious subject breathing spontaneously within a body box are at the basis of plethysmography, a technique used to ...

Non-invasive Assessment of Dorsiflexor Muscle Function in Mice

Assessment of skeletal muscle contractile function is an important measurement for both clinical and research purposes. Numerous conditions can negatively affect skeletal muscle. This can result in a loss of muscle mass (atrophy) and/or loss of muscle quality (reduced force per unit of muscle mass), both of which are prevalent in chronic disease, muscle-specific disease, immobilization, and aging (sarcopenia). Skeletal muscle function in animals can be evaluated by a range of different tests. All tests have limitations related to the physiological testing environment, and the selection of a specific test often depends on the nature of the experiments. Here, we describe an in vivo, non-invasive technique involving a helpful and easy assessment of force frequency-curve (FFC) in mice that can be performed on the same animal over time. This permits monitoring of disease progression and/or efficacy&#160;of a potential therapeutic treatment.

Measurement of rodent skeletal muscle contractile function is a useful tool that can be used to track disease progression as well as efficacy of therapeutic intervention. We describe here the non-invasive, in vivo assessment of the dorsiflexor muscles that can be repeated over time in the same mouse.

マウスで内がえし筋機能の非侵襲的評価

Assessment of skeletal muscle contractile function is an important measurement for both clinical and research purposes. Numerous conditions can negatively ...

A Non-Invasive Method for Generating the Cyclic Loading-Induced Intra-Articular Cartilage Lesion Model of the Rat Knee

The pathophysiology of primary osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. However, a specific subclassification of OA in relatively younger age groups is likely correlated with a history of articular cartilage damage and ligament avulsion. Surgical animal models of OA of the knee play an important role in understanding the onset and progression of post-traumatic OA and aid in the development of novel therapies for this disease. However, non-surgical models have been recently considered to avoid traumatic inflammation that could affect the evaluation of the intervention. 
In this study, an intra-articular cartilage lesion rat model induced by in vivo cyclic compressive loading was developed, which allowed researchers to (1) determine the optimal magnitude, speed, and duration of load that could cause focal cartilage damage; (2) assess post-traumatic spatiotemporal pathological changes in chondrocyte vitality; and (3) evaluate the histological expression of destructive or protective molecules that are involved in the adaptation and repair mechanisms against joint compressive loads. This report describes the experimental protocol for this novel cartilage lesion in a rat model.

Here, we present the cyclic loading-induced intra-articular cartilage lesion model of the rat knee, generated by 60 cyclic compressions over 20 N, resulting in damage to the femoral condylar cartilage in rats.

ラット膝の周期的負荷誘発関節内軟骨病変モデルを生成するための非侵襲的方法

The pathophysiology of primary osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear. However, a specific subclassification of OA in relatively younger age groups is likely ...

高分解能呼吸測定によるヒト精子細胞の呼吸測定

High-Resolution Respirometry to Assess Mitochondrial Function in Human Spermatozoa

Semen quality is often studied by routine semen analysis, which is descriptive and often inconclusive. Male infertility is associated with altered sperm mitochondrial activity, so the measurement of sperm mitochondrial function is an indicator of sperm quality. High-resolution respirometry is a method of measuring the oxygen consumption of cells or tissues in a closed-chamber system. This technique can be implemented to measure respiration in human sperm and provides information about the quality and integrity of the sperm mitochondria. High-resolution respirometry allows the cells to move freely, which is an a priori advantage in the case of sperm. This technique can be applied with intact or permeabilized spermatozoa and allows for the study of intact sperm mitochondrial function and the activity of individual respiratory chain complexes. The high-resolution oxygraph instrument uses sensors to measure the oxygen concentration coupled with sensitive software to calculate the oxygen consumption. The data are used to calculate respiratory indices based on the oxygen consumption ratios. Consequently, the indices are the proportions of two oxygen consumption rates and are internally normalized to the cell number or protein mass. The respiratory indices are an indicator of sperm mitochondrial function and dysfunction.

著者スポットライト:精子代謝とミトコンドリア機能を解明することで男性不妊症研究を進める 

The analysis of sperm mitochondrial function by high-resolution respirometry permits the measurement of the oxygen consumption of freely moving spermatozoa in a closed-chamber system. The technique can be applied to measure respiration in human spermatozoa, which provides information on sperm mitochondrial characteristics and integrity.

ヒト精子のミトコンドリア機能を評価するための高分解能肺活法

Semen quality is often studied by routine semen analysis, which is descriptive and often inconclusive. Male infertility is associated with altered sperm ...

Rat DRG 圧縮モデルのための標準化された Tuina プロトコル

Analgesic Effect of Tuina on Rat Models with Compression of the Dorsal Root Ganglion Pain

Neuropathic pain is a prevalent condition that affects 6.9%-10% of the population and results from nerve damage due to various etiologies, such as lumbar disc herniation, spinal canal stenosis, and intervertebral foramen stenosis. Although Tuina, a traditional Chinese manual therapy, has shown analgesic effects in clinical practice for the treatment of neuropathic pain, its underlying neurobiological mechanisms remain unclear. Animal models are essential for elucidating the basic principles of Tuina. In this study, we propose a standardized Tuina protocol for rats with compression of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG), which involves inducing DRG compression by inserting a stainless steel rod into the intervertebral foramen, performing Tuina manipulation with specific parameters of location, intensity, and frequency in a controlled environment, and assessing the behavioral and histopathological outcomes of Tuina treatment. This article also discusses the potential clinical implications and limitations of the study and suggests directions for future research on Tuina.

著者スポットライト:背根神経節の痛みの圧縮を伴うラットモデルに対するTuinaの鎮痛効果  

This article presents a manipulation for treating chronic compression of the dorsal root ganglion in rats using Tuina therapy, along with a method for evaluating its effectiveness based on pain behavior and histopathological results.

背根神経節痛の圧迫を伴うラットモデルに対する推拿の鎮痛効果

Neuropathic pain is a prevalent condition that affects 6.9%-10% of the population and results from nerve damage due to various etiologies, such as lumbar ...

非具体的に水溶性化合物でSCA1マウスの治療は、ミトコンドリア機能を高めます

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遠藤- PAT 2000で内皮血管拡張機能を評価する

再発神経膠芽腫の治療のためのベバシズマブと組み合わせてフィールド療法の治療腫瘍

正常および病的脳機能を研究するために脳深部刺激でSaccadometryを使用します

ダブル室容積脈波による意識下マウスにおける呼吸機能の評価

マウスで内がえし筋機能の非侵襲的評価

ラット膝の周期的負荷誘発関節内軟骨病変モデルを生成するための非侵襲的方法

ヒト精子のミトコンドリア機能を評価するための高分解能肺活法

ヒト精子のミトコンドリア機能を評価するための高分解能肺活法

ヒト精子のミトコンドリア機能を評価するための高分解能肺活法

背根神経節痛の圧迫を伴うラットモデルに対する推拿の鎮痛効果