著者らは、研究を可能とするためにサウジアラビアの資金による奨学金（I821）を認めます。著者らは、クランフィールド大学のTEM分析の専門家支援のための博士Xianwei劉に感謝しています。

水中油型エマルジョンの調製<ol><li>パルミトステアリン酸グリセリル（120 mg）を、ミリスチン酸イソプロピル（60 mg）を、D-αトコフェロールポリエチレングリコールサクシネート（30 mg）を大豆レシチン（30 mg）を秤量し、有機溶剤の12.5ミリリットル（6.25 mlのアセトンおよび6.25に追加mlのエタノール）。迅速水浴中で温度70°C（固体脂質の融点より5℃）で混合物を溶解します。 </li><li>上記と同じ温度での加熱の対象となるポロクサマー188溶液の百分の1から3（それぞれ）を達成するためのddH 2 Oの12.5ミリリットルでPoloxamer188の125、250または375 mgのいずれかを追加します。 </li><li>ステップ1.1からステップ1.2からの油相液に、水相溶液を追加し、400rpmで磁気撹拌しながらエマルジョンを形成するために滴下しました。有機溶媒の蒸発を可能にするためにさらに4時間400rpmでエマルジョンを撹拌しました。 </li></ol> 2.凝固および均質化<ol><li>トンを残します彼は2時間固化/結晶化するために、低温室（4℃）中のエマルジョン。 </li><li> NLCを得るために、10から40分間、10,000〜15,000 rpmでホモジナイザーで高せん断分散（HSD）のエマルションを施します。 </li></ol> NLCの調製3.最適化<ol><li> 、それぞれ、それぞれ、10,000 15,000 20,000 RPMの速度でHSDを受けて1、2、3％の界面活性剤濃度、10、20、30及び40分の時間間隔でステップ2.2からのサンプルを取ります</li><li>粒子サイズ（PS）、ポリ分散指数（PDI）、形態および超微細構造20のためのサンプルを調べます。 注：最小サイズ（155 nm）を有する粒子を生成パラメータとPDI（0.2）値が最適として決定されます。 </li></ol> DAC-ロードNLC（NLC-DAC）の4準備<ol><li>水浴中で70℃で混合物を溶解する前に、DAC（70 mg）を添加して工程1.1に記載のように、油相溶液を調製します。 </li><li> P1％の界面活性剤を工程1.2に記載のように水性相溶液をrepare、そして400rpmで磁気撹拌しながらエマルジョンを形成するステップで4.1滴下し、その準備にこの溶液を添加します。有機溶剤を蒸発させるために、さらに4時間エマルションを攪拌します。 </li><li>ステップ2で説明したように固化/結晶化、そして最後に、ステップ3で決定された最適なパラメータを使用して高剪断分散（HSD）にエマルジョンを施すこと2時間、低温室（4℃）でエマルジョンを残します。 </li></ol>

<ol>
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著者らは、開示することは何もありません。

脂質ベースのナノ構造粒子は、疎水性薬物の送達のための高度に親油性の担体を提供するために利用されてきました。 NLCは、室温と体温で固体である固体脂質ナノ構造担体の第二世代です。あまり完璧な結晶でNLC結果で液体脂質への固体脂質の取り込みは、このような薬物積載効率を高め、また、保存中に封入された薬物の放出を減少させます。 NLC合成のために、最も...

ダカルバジン（DAC）は、細胞周期の停止および細胞死をもたらす1、核酸のメチル化または直接DNA損傷を介した抗腫瘍活性を発揮するアルキル化剤です。 最初の行の化学療法剤としては、DACは、単独で、または様々な癌2-6を治療するための他の化学療法剤と組み合わせて使用されてきました。それは、これまで皮膚癌3,7,8の最も積極的な形態であり、皮膚および転移性黒色腫の治療に使用される最も活性剤です。応答速度は、しかしながら、せいぜい20％のみであり、治療効果は、多くの場合、重篤な全身性副作用を伴います。 その天然の形態では、DACは親水性であり、原因でその感光9に不安定です。臨床使用のためにのみ利用可能式は、現在、静脈内注入の7,8用サスペンションに使用する無菌の粉末です。低い回答率と高い全身毒性rを薬の食べた薬剤10の最大投与量を制限する、大部分が標的部位で、したがって低可用性、その難水溶性に起因し、非標的部位で高い分布です。薬剤耐性の発生と一緒に静脈内入学後の迅速な分解と代謝が臨床応用と薬剤11の治療効果を制限します。したがって、悪性黒色腫を治療するための代替のDAC製剤を開発することが急務です。 らの潜在的な薬物担体としての12ナノ粒子が10年間で注目を増加集めているによる薬物負荷を増加させる能力にMarileneによってレビューとしてリポソームを含むコロイド系は、ミセルまたはナノ構造粒子が集中的薬物送達におけるそれらの使用のために検討されています効率は、薬物動態及び生体内分布を改善し、薬物放出を制御するため、R薬全身毒性13を引き出します。ほんの数nanoformulationsは、しかしながら、フォト変性、増大した薬物溶解性、及び改善された治療効果10,14,15からの薬物の保護を示すと、DACの送達のためにこれまでに研究されてきました。しかし、いくつかはまた、費用対効果がされていない合成ポリマーナノ粒子を用いながら、低カプセル化効率に苦しんでこれらの製剤。 固体及び液体脂質の混合物からなるナノ構造脂質担体（NLC）は、薬物送達16,17のために開発されています。カプセル化される薬物は、高い負荷が生じるとリリース19を制御し、多くの場合、液体脂質および固形脂質相18の両方に可溶性です。この研究は、パルミトステアリン酸グリセリルや脂質などのミリスチン酸イソプロピルを使用して、NLC-カプセル化に基づいて、新しいDAC製剤を開発することを目的とします。調製関与する水中油型エマルジョン、蒸発、凝固、およびhomogenization個。調製物は、NLCのサイズ、形状、超微細構造、および分散、薬物封入効率および薬物負荷20のために特徴付けられています。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Dacarbazine (DAC)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich (Gillingham Dorset, UK)</td><td>D2390-100MG</td><td>drug used for uploading</td></tr><tr><td>glyceryl palmitostearate&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Gattefoss&amp;eacute; (Saint_Priest_c&amp;eacute;dex, France)</td><td>85251-77-0</td><td>solid lipid&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>d-&amp;alpha;- Tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS)</td><td>Sigma Aldrich (Gillingham Dorset, UK)</td><td>57668</td><td>lipid phase surfactant</td></tr><tr><td>Poloxamer 188</td><td>Sigma Aldrich (Gillingham Dorset, UK)</td><td>15759-1KG</td><td>liqiud phase surfactant</td></tr><tr><td>Acetone&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma Aldrich (Gillingham Dorset, UK)</td><td>650501-1L</td><td>organic solvent</td></tr><tr><td>Ethanol&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Sigma Aldrich (Gillingham Dorset, UK)</td><td>459836-1L</td><td>organic solvent</td></tr><tr><td>Soybean lecithin (SL)</td><td>Cuisine Innovation (Dijon, France)</td><td>SLL1402</td><td>lipid phase surfactant</td></tr><tr><td>Double-distilled water was collected in our laboratory from</td><td>Millipore-Q Gradient A10 ultra-pure water system (Millipore, France)</td><td>SAS - 67120&amp;nbsp;</td><td>aqueous phase&amp;nbsp;</td></tr><tr><td>T 25 digital ULTRA-TURRAX</td><td>IKA</td><td>3725000</td><td>as high shear disperser</td></tr><tr><td>Hotplate Magnetic Stirrer</td><td>Scientific Support, Inc</td><td>1454&amp;nbsp;</td><td>emulsion homogenization</td></tr></tbody></table>

encapsulation of cancer therapeutic agent dacarbazine using nanostructured lipid carrier

臨床的に使用されているダカルバジン（DAC）の唯一の式が原因で、水溶液中の薬物の低分散性に乏しい治療プロフィールを提示し、静脈内注入です。これを克服するために、パルミトステアリン酸グリセリル及びミリスチン酸イソプロピルからなるナノ構造脂質担体（NLC）はダックをカプセル化するために開発されました。制御されたサイズのNLCsのは、水中油型エマルジョンの凝固以下の高せん断分散（HSD）を用いて達成されました。 HSDの界面活性剤濃度、速度、時間などの合成パラメータは、それぞれ155±10nmで、0​​.2±0.01、および-43.4±2 mVで、サイズ、多分散指数とゼータ電位と最小NLCを達成するように最適化しました。最適なパラメータは、DAC-ロードNLC調製のために用いました。ダックを搭載した、得られたNLCは190±10nmで、0​​.2±0.01、それぞれ-43.5±1.2 mVの、の大きさ、多分散指数及びゼータ電位を有していました。薬物封入EFFICIENCYおよび薬物負荷は、それぞれ、98％および14％に達しました。これは、NLCは、DACの治療プロフィールを改善するために、薬物担体としての新たな潜在的な候補であり得ることを示唆しているNLCを使用して、DACのカプセル化に関する最初の報告です。

異なるパラメータでパルミトステアリン酸グリセリルおよびミリスチン酸イソプロピルを使用して、NLCとNLC-DACの製剤はPS、PDI、形態および超微細構造20について特徴付けました。 PSおよびNLCsののPDIは、界面活性剤濃度、HSD速度と持続時間依存性でした。 PSおよびNLCsののPDIによって判断されるように、最良の結果が1界面活性剤の％、従ってwwew NLCのための最適?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Encapsulation of Cancer Therapeutic Agent Dacarbazine Using Nanostructured Lipid Carrier at JoVE.com

Encapsulation of Cancer Therapeutic Agent Dacarbazine Using Nanostructured Lipid Carrier

ナノ構造脂質担体（NLC）を合成するための最も一般的に使用される方法は、水中油型エマルジョン、均質化および凝固を含みます。これは、ダカルバジンの送達のための潜在的な担体として薬物封入および薬物積載効率を改善し、望ましいサイズのNLCを達成するために、固化した後、高剪断分散液を塗布することによりここに変更されました。

ナノ構造脂質キャリアを使用した癌治療剤ダカルバジンのカプセル化

The only formula of dacarbazine (Dac) in clinical use is intravenous infusion, presenting a poor therapeutic profile due to the low dispersity of the drug ...

encapsulation-cancer-therapeutic-agent-dacarbazine-using

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

11.0K ビュー.  Cranfield University. ナノ構造脂質担体（NLC）を合成するための最も一般的に使用される方法は、水中油型エマルジョン、均質化および凝固を含みます。これは、ダカルバジンの送達のための潜在的な担体として薬物封入および薬物積載効率を改善し、望ましいサイズのNLCを達成するために、固化した後、高剪断分散液を塗布することによりここに変更されました。 

ビデオ: Encapsulation of Cancer Therapeutic Agent Dacarbazine Using Nanostructured Lipid Carrier

A Facile and Efficient Approach for the Production of Reversible Disulfide Cross-linked Micelles

Nanomedicine is an emerging form of therapy that harnesses the unique properties of particles that are nanometers in scale for biomedical application. Improving drug delivery to maximize therapeutic outcomes and to reduce drug-associated side effects are some of the cornerstones of present-day nanomedicine. Nanoparticles in particular have found a wide application in cancer treatment. Nanoparticles that offer a high degree of flexibility in design, application, and production based on the tumor microenvironment are projected to be more effective with rapid translation into clinical practice. The polymeric micellar nano-carrier is a popular choice for drug delivery applications.
In this article, we describe a simple and effective protocol for synthesizing drug-loaded, disulfide cross-linked micelles based on the self-assembly of a well-defined amphiphilic linear-dendritic copolymer (telodendrimer, TD). TD is composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the hydrophilic segment and a thiolated cholic acid cluster as the core-forming hydrophobic moiety attached stepwise to an amine-terminated PEG using solution-based peptide chemistry. Chemotherapy drugs, such as paclitaxel (PTX), can be loaded using a standard solvent evaporation method. The O2-mediated oxidation was previously utilized to form intra-micellar disulfide cross-links from free thiol groups on the TDs. However, the reaction was slow and not feasible for large-scale production. Recently, an H2O2-mediated oxidation method was explored as a more feasible and efficient approach, and it was 96 times faster than the previously reported method. Using this approach, 50 g of PTX-loaded, disulfide cross-linked nanoparticles have been successfully produced with narrow particle size distribution and high drug loading efficiency. The stability of the resulting micelle solution is analyzed using disrupting conditions such as co-incubation with a detergent, sodium dodecyl sulfate, with or without a reducing agent. The drug-loaded, disulfide cross-linked micelles demonstrated less hemolytic activity when compared to their non-cross-linked counterparts.

To deliver cancer drugs to tumor sites with high specificity and reduced side effects, new methods based on nanoparticles are required. Here, we describe disulfide cross-linked micelles that can be easily prepared by hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation and are able to dissociate efficiently under a reducing tumor environment to release payloads.

リバーシブルジスルフィド架橋ミセルの生産のための簡便かつ効率的なアプローチ

Nanomedicine is an emerging form of therapy that harnesses the unique properties of particles that are nanometers in scale for biomedical application. ...

生化学

Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

Amphiphilic block copolymers like polyethyleneglycol-block-polylactic acid (PEG-b-PLA) can self-assemble into micelles above their critical micellar concentration forming hydrophobic cores surrounded by hydrophilic shells in aqueous environments. The core of these micelles can be utilized to load hydrophobic, poorly water soluble drugs like docetaxel (DTX) and everolimus (EVR). Systematic characterization of the micelle structure and drug loading capabilities are important before in vitro and in vivo studies can be conducted. The goal of the protocol described herein is to provide the necessary characterization steps to achieve standardized micellar products. DTX and EVR have intrinsic solubilities of 1.9 and 9.6 &#181;g/ml respectively Preparation of these micelles can be achieved through solvent casting which increases the aqueous solubility of DTX and EVR to 1.86 and 1.85 mg/ml, respectively. Drug stability in micelles evaluated at room temperature over 48 hr indicates that 97% or more of the drugs are retained in solution. Micelle size was assessed using dynamic light scattering and indicated that the size of these micelles was below 50 nm and depended on the molecular weight of the polymer. Drug release from the micelles was assessed using dialysis under sink conditions at pH 7.4 at 37 oC over 48 hr. Curve fitting results indicate that drug release is driven by a first order process indicating that it is diffusion driven.

The goal of this protocol is to describe the preparation and characterization of physically entrapped, poorly water soluble drugs in micellar drug delivery systems composed of amphiphilic block copolymers.

調製とキャラクタリゼーション個々のとマルチ薬ロード物理的に捕捉さ高分子ミセル

Amphiphilic block copolymers like polyethyleneglycol-block-polylactic acid (PEG-b-PLA) can self-assemble into micelles above their critical micellar ...

化学

Facile Preparation of Internally Self-assembled Lipid Particles Stabilized by Carbon Nanotubes

We present a facile method to prepare nanostructured lipid particles stabilized by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Single-walled (pristine) and multi-walled (functionalized) CNTs are used as stabilizers to produce Pickering type oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. Lipids namely, Dimodan U and Phytantriol are used as emulsifiers, which in excess water self-assemble into the bicontinuous cubic Pn3m phase. This highly viscous phase is fragmented into smaller particles using a probe ultrasonicator in presence of conventional surfactant stabilizers or CNTs as done here. Initially, the CNTs (powder form) are dispersed in water followed by further ultrasonication with the molten lipid to form the final emulsion. During this process the CNTs get coated with lipid molecules, which in turn are presumed to surround the lipid droplets to form a particulate emulsion that is stable for months. The average size of CNT-stabilized nanostructured lipid particles is in the submicron range, which compares well with the particles stabilized using conventional surfactants. Small angle X-ray scattering data confirms the retention of the original Pn3m cubic phase in the CNT-stabilized lipid dispersions as compared to the pure lipid phase (bulk state). Blue shift and lowering of the intensities in characteristic G and G&#39; bands of CNTs observed in Raman spectroscopy characterize the interaction between CNT surface and lipid molecules. These results suggest that the interactions between the CNTs and lipids are responsible for their mutual stabilization in aqueous solutions. As the concentrations of CNTs employed for stabilization are very low and lipid molecules are able to functionalize the CNTs, the toxicity of CNTs is expected to be insignificant while their biocompatibility is greatly enhanced. Hence the present approach finds a great potential in various biomedical applications, for instance, for developing hybrid nanocarrier systems for the delivery of multiple functional molecules as in combination therapy or polytherapy.

We report on a smart application of carbon nanotubes for kinetic stabilization of lipid particles that contain self-assembled nanostructures in their cores. The preparation of lipid particles requires rather low concentrations of carbon nanotubes permitting their use in biomedical applications such as drug delivery.

カーボンナノチューブにより安定化内部自己組織化脂質粒子の簡便な調製

We present a facile method to prepare nanostructured lipid particles stabilized by carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Single-walled (pristine) and multi-walled ...

Preparation and Characterization of Lipophilic Doxorubicin Pro-drug Micelles

Micelles have been successfully used for the delivery of anticancer drugs. Amphiphilic polymers form core-shell structured micelles in an aqueous environment through self-assembly. The hydrophobic core of micelles functions as a drug reservoir and encapsulates hydrophobic drugs. The hydrophilic shell prevents the aggregation of micelles and also prolongs their systemic circulation in vivo. In this protocol, we describe a method to synthesize a doxorubicin lipophilic pro-drug, doxorubicin-palmitic acid (DOX-PA), which will enhance drug loading into micelles. A pH-sensitive hydrazone linker was used to conjugate doxorubicin with the lipid, which facilitates the release of free doxorubicin inside cancer cells. Synthesized DOX-PA was purified with a silica gel column using dichloromethane/methanol as the eluent. Purified DOX-PA was analyzed with thin layer chromatography (TLC) and 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR). A film dispersion method was used to prepare DOX-PA loaded DSPE-PEG micelles. In addition, several methods for characterizing micelle formulations are described, including determination of DOX-PA concentration and encapsulation efficiency, measurement of particle size and distribution, and assessment of in vitro anticancer activities. This protocol provides useful information regarding the preparation and characterization of drug-loaded micelles and thus will facilitate the research and development of novel micelle-based cancer nanomedicines.

A protocol for the preparation and characterization of lipophilic doxorubicin pro-drug loaded 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG) micelles is described.

親油性ドキソルビシンプロドラッグミセルの調製とキャラクタリゼーション

Micelles have been successfully used for the delivery of anticancer drugs. Amphiphilic polymers form core-shell structured micelles in an aqueous ...

生物工学

Phase Change Dimethyldioctadecylammonium-Shelled Microdroplets as a Promising Drug Delivery System: Results on 3D Spheroids of Mammalian Tumor Cells

Significant improvement of phase-change perfluorocarbon microdroplets (MDs) in the vast theranostic scenario passes through the optimization of the MDs composition with respect to synthesis efficiency, stability, and drug delivery capability. To this aim, decafluoropentane (DFP) MDs stabilized by a shell of dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDAB) cationic surfactant were designed. A high concentration of DDAB-MDs was readily obtained within a few seconds by pulsed high-power insonation, resulting in low polydisperse 1 &#181;m size droplets. Highly positive &#950;-potential, together with a long, saturated hydrocarbon chains of the DDAB shell, are key factors to stabilize the droplet and the drug cargo therein. The high affinity of the DDAB shell with cell plasma membrane allows for localized chemotherapeutics delivery by increasing the drug concentration at the tumor cell interface and boosting the uptake. This would turn DDAB-MDs into a relevant drug delivery tool exhibiting high antitumor activity at very low drug doses.
In this work, the efficacy of such an approach is shown to dramatically improve the effect of doxorubicin against 3D spheroids of mammalian tumor cells, MDA-MB-231. The use of&#160;three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures developed in the form of multicellular tumor spheroids (i.e., densely packed cells in a spherical shape) has numerous advantages compared to 2D cell cultures: in addition to have the potential to bridge the gap between conventional in vitro studies and animal testing, it will improve the ability to perform more predictive in vitro screening assays for preclinical drug development or evaluate the potential of off-label drugs and new co-targeting strategies.

Decafluoropentane microdroplets developed with a shell of dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide exhibited an exceptional colloidal stability and an actractive biointerface. DDAB-MDs proved to be efficient drug reservoirs characterized by a high affinity to plasma membranes together with enhanced uptake and antitumor activity of Doxorubicin against human triple-negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) 3D model.

Significant improvement of phase-change perfluorocarbon microdroplets (MDs) in the vast theranostic scenario passes through the optimization of the MDs ...

Targeted Plasma Membrane Delivery of a Hydrophobic Cargo Encapsulated in a Liquid Crystal Nanoparticle Carrier

The controlled delivery of drug/imaging agents to cells is critical for the development of therapeutics and for the study of cellular signaling processes. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs) have shown significant promise in the development of such delivery systems. Here, a liquid crystal NP (LCNP)-based delivery system has been employed for the controlled delivery of a water-insoluble dye, 3,3&#8242;-dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine perchlorate (DiO), from within the NP core to the hydrophobic region of a plasma membrane bilayer. During the synthesis of the NPs, the dye was efficiently incorporated into the hydrophobic LCNP core, as confirmed by multiple spectroscopic analyses. Conjugation of a PEGylated cholesterol derivative to the NP surface (DiO-LCNP-PEG-Chol) enabled the binding of the dye-loaded NPs to the plasma membrane in HEK 293T/17 cells. Time-resolved laser scanning confocal microscopy and F&#246;rster resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging confirmed the passive efflux of DiO from the LCNP core and its insertion into the plasma membrane bilayer. Finally, the delivery of DiO as a LCNP-PEG-Chol attenuated the cytotoxicity of DiO; the NP form of DiO exhibited ~30-40% less toxicity compared to DiOfree delivered from bulk solution. This approach demonstrates the utility of the LCNP platform as an efficient modality for the membrane-specific delivery and modulation of hydrophobic molecular cargos.

A liquid crystal nanoparticle (LCNP) nanocarrier is exploited as a vehicle for the controlled delivery of a hydrophobic cargo to the plasma membrane of living cells.

液晶ナノ粒子キャリアにおける疎水性貨物カプセル化の標的細胞膜配達

The controlled delivery of drug/imaging agents to cells is critical for the development of therapeutics and for the study of cellular signaling processes. ...

Formulation and Characterization of Bioactive Agent Containing Nanodisks

The term nanodisk refers to a discrete type of nanoparticle comprised of a bilayer forming lipid, a scaffold protein, and an integrated bioactive agent. Nanodisks are organized as a disk-shaped lipid bilayer whose perimeter is circumscribed by the scaffold protein, usually a member of the exchangeable apolipoprotein family. Numerous hydrophobic bioactive agents have been efficiently solubilized in nanodisks by their integration into the hydrophobic milieu of the particle&#39;s lipid bilayer, yielding a largely homogenous population of particles in the range of 10-20 nm in diameter. The formulation of nanodisks requires a precise ratio of individual components, an appropriate sequential addition of each component, followed by bath sonication of the formulation mixture. The amphipathic scaffold protein spontaneously contacts and reorganizes the dispersed bilayer forming lipid/bioactive agent mixture to form a discrete, homogeneous population of nanodisk&#160;particles. During this process, the reaction mixture transitions from an opaque, turbid appearance to a clarified sample that, when fully optimized, yields no precipitate upon centrifugation. Characterization studies involve the determination of bioactive agent solubilization efficiency, electron microscopy, gel filtration chromatography, ultraviolet visible (UV/Vis) absorbance spectroscopy, and/or fluorescence spectroscopy. This is normally followed by an investigation of biological activity using cultured cells or mice. In the case of nanodisks harboring an antibiotic (i.e., the macrolide polyene antibiotic amphotericin B), their ability to inhibit the growth of yeast or fungi as a function of concentration or time can be measured. The relative ease of formulation, versatility with respect to component parts, nanoscale particle size, inherent stability, and aqueous solubility permits myriad in vitro and in vivo applications of nanodisk technology. In the present article, we describe a general methodology to formulate and characterize nanodisks containing amphotericin&#160;B as the hydrophobic bioactive agent.

Here, we describe the production and characterization of bioactive agents containing nanodisks. Amphotericin B nanodisks are taken as an example to describe the protocol in a stepwise manner.

ナノディスクを含む生理活性物質の製剤化とキャラクタリゼーション

The term nanodisk refers to a discrete type of nanoparticle comprised of a bilayer forming lipid, a scaffold protein, and an integrated bioactive agent. ...

Uptake of New Lipid-coated Nanoparticles Containing Falcarindiol by Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Nanoparticles are the focus of an increased interest in drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Lipid-coated nanoparticles are inspired in structure and size by low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) because cancer cells have an increased need for cholesterol to proliferate, and this has been exploited as a mechanism for delivering anticancer drugs to cancer cells. Moreover, depending on drug chemistry, encapsulating the drug can be advantageous to avoid degradation of the drug during circulation in vivo. Therefore, in this&#160;study, this design is used to fabricate lipid-coated nanoparticles of the anticancer drug falcarindiol, providing a potential new delivery system of falcarindiol in order to stabilize its chemical structure against degradation and improve its uptake by tumors. Falcarindiol nanoparticles, with a phospholipid and cholesterol monolayer encapsulating the purified drug core of the particle, were designed. The lipid monolayer coating consists of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), cholesterol (Chol), and 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE PEG 2000) along with the fluorescent label DiI (molar ratios of 43:50:5:2). The nanoparticles are fabricated using the rapid injection method, which is a fast and simple technique to precipitate nanoparticles by good-solvent for anti-solvent exchange. It consists of a rapid injection of an ethanol solution containing the nanoparticle components into an aqueous phase. The size of the fluorescent nanoparticles is measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS) at 74.1 &#177; 6.7 nm. The uptake of the nanoparticles is tested in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and imaged using fluorescence and confocal microscopy. The uptake of the nanoparticles is observed in hMSCs, suggesting the potential for such a stable drug delivery system for falcarindiol.

This article describes the encapsulation of falcarindiol in lipid-coated 74 nm nanoparticles. The cellular uptake of the nanoparticles&#160;by human stem cells into lipid droplets is monitored by fluorescent and confocal imaging. Nanoparticles are fabricated by the rapid injection method of solvent shifting, and their size is measured with the dynamic light scattering technique.

ヒト間葉系幹細胞によって Falcarindiol を含む新しい脂質被覆ナノ粒子の取り込み

Nanoparticles are the focus of an increased interest in drug delivery systems for cancer therapy. Lipid-coated nanoparticles are inspired in structure and ...

Preparation and Characterization of Nanoliposomes for the Entrapment of Bioactive Hydrophilic Globular Proteins

Liposome nanocapsules have been applied for many purposes in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Attributes of liposomes include their biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-immunogenicity, non-toxicity, and ability to entrap both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds. The classical hydration of thin lipid films in an organic solvent is applied herein as a technique to encapsulate tarin, a plant lectin, in nanoliposomes. Nanoliposome size, stability, entrapment efficiency, and morphological characterization are described in detail. The nanoliposomes are prepared using 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine (DOPE), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[amino(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (ammonium salt; DSPE-MPEG 2000), and cholesterylhemisuccinate (CHEMS) as the main constituents. Lipids are first dissolved in chloroform to obtain a thin lipid film that is subsequently rehydrated in ammonium sulfate solution containing the protein to be entrapped and incubated overnight. Then, sonication and extrusion techniques are applied to generate nanosized unilamellar vesicles. The size and polydispersity index of the nanovesicles are determined by dynamic light scattering, while nanovesicle morphology is assessed by scanning electron microscopy. Entrapment efficiency is determined by the ratio of the amount of unencapsulated protein to original amount of initially loaded protein. Homogeneous liposomes are obtained with an average size of 155 nm and polydispersity index value of 0.168. A high entrapment efficiency of 83% is achieved.

This study describes classical hydration using the thin lipid film method for nanoliposome preparation followed by nanoparticle characterization. A 47 kDa-hydrophilic and globular protein, tarin, is successfully encapsulated as a strategy to improve stability, avoid fast clearance, and promote controlled release. The method can be adapted to hydrophobic molecules encapsulation.

生体活性親水性球状タンパク質の捕捉に対するナノリポソームの調製と特性解析

Liposome nanocapsules have been applied for many purposes in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Attributes of liposomes include their ...

Using In Vitro Live-cell Imaging to Explore Chemotherapeutics Delivered by Lipid-based Nanoparticles

Conventional imaging techniques can provide detailed information about cellular processes. However, this information is based on static images in an otherwise dynamic system, and successive phases are easily overlooked or misinterpreted. Live-cell imaging and time-lapse microscopy, in which living cells can be followed for hours or even days in a more or less continuous fashion, are therefore very informative. The protocol described here allows for the investigation of the fate of chemotherapeutic nanoparticles after the delivery of doxorubicin (dox) in living cells. Dox is an intercalating agent that must be released from its nanocarrier to become biologically active. In spite of its clinical registration for more than two decades, its uptake, breakdown, and drug release are still not fully understood. This article explores the hypothesis that lipid-based nanoparticles are taken up by the tumor cells and are slowly degraded. Released dox is then translocated to the nucleus. To prevent fixation artifacts, live-cell imaging and time-lapse microscopy, described in this experimental procedure, can be applied.