Name: prevention of heat stress adverse effects in rats by bacillus subtilis strain
Uploaded: 2016-07-11T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 7 min 57 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Auburn University fund FOP 101002-139294-2050.

全ての実験手順は、オーバーン大学のIACUC、オーバーン、アラバマ州によって承認されました。 文化メディア、食器や細菌培養の作製<ol><li>栄養寒天プレート上で一晩増殖させた枯草菌 BSB3文化の単一コロニー、フラスコに栄養培地の10ミリリットルを接種します。 </li><li>バクト栄養ブロス、8グラム1.2％（v）の硫酸マグネシウム4×7H 2 O、10ミリリットル/ワット;寒天、15;（v）の塩化カリウム、10ミリリットル/ wの10％：リットル当たり（19培地胞子形成の500ミリリットルを作りますg）を、20分間121°Cのオートクレーブ。 50°Cのに冷却し、以下の滅菌溶液を追加することを許可する：1 MのCa（NO 3）2、1ミリリットルを、 0.01 MのMnCl 2、1ミリリットル。 1 mMのは4、1ミリリットルをのFeSO。 </li><li>室温で20分間40°Cのに準備された培地を冷却し、滅菌キャビネットに20の滅菌ペトリ皿のそれぞれに25ミリリットルを注ぎます。媒体は一晩固化してみましょう。 </li><li> Bの一晩培養物0.5ミリリットルを広めますacillusサブチリスBSB3ペトリ皿中の培地の表面上に。 90％の胞子形成するまで、5日間37°Cの時に文化をインキュベートします。高解像度の顕微鏡による位相明るい胞子を明らかにしました。 </li><li>プレートに無菌のリン酸緩衝生理食塩水（PBS）を1ml添加​​し、無菌細胞スプレッダーを用いて表面から細菌を掻き取ることによって収穫細菌。必要になるまで冷蔵庫にサスペンションを保管してください。 </li><li> 37 O℃で24時間- 18のためのインキュベーションに続いて胞子形成培地プレート上の細菌懸濁液の適切な希釈（10 -5〜10 -6）の0.1ミリリットルをメッキすることにより細菌の生存能力を確認</li><li>コロニーカウンターを用いて、プレート上の細菌コロニーをカウントし、テストした懸濁液中の細菌の力価を計算します。最終濃度が1×10 8 CFU / PBS中のmlの細菌懸濁液を準備します。 </li></ol> 2.動物<ol><li> 300グラム - 32オスのSprague-Dawleyラット（250を使用します）。標準のペレット餌と水に自由にアクセスできる特定の病原体を含まない条件下で動物を維持します。平均温度（21±1 O℃）、湿度（50±5％）と12時間の明暗サイクルを確立します。 </li></ol> 3.実験計画<ol><li>順化の2日後、強制経口投与11により、動物の治療を開始します。強制経口投与針で注射器を使用してください。 Bで16匹のラットを扱いますズブチリス BSB3懸濁液（ラット当たり1ミリリットル）2日間一日二回（ 枯草菌群 ）。 PBSで16匹のラットの治療（ラット当たり1ミリリットル）一日二回2日間（PBS群）（図1）。 </li><li>グループ1-コントロール（PBS /ストレス無し）、グループ2位B.：処理後、各グループ（グループ当たり8匹のラット）を細分化枯草菌 （ 枯草菌 /ストレスなし）、グループ、3-ストレス（PBS /熱ストレス）とグループの4- B.枯草菌 +ストレス（ 枯草菌 /熱ストレス）。 </li><li> ELECを使用して、各ラットの直腸温度を測定デジタル温度計をTRONIC。 25分間室温でグループ1と2のラットを保管してください。 25分間、45 O Cと相対湿度55％での人工気象室に入れグループ3と4の動物を。 </li><li>その後、電子デジタル体温計を使用して、すべてのグループ内の各ラットの直腸温度を測定します。 4時間室温ですべての動物を配置します。 </li><li>密閉可能な麻酔ジャー中 - （4％2）とラットを深く（つま先のピンチへの応答の欠如）を麻酔されるまで観察イソフルランでラットを麻酔。ギロチンで迅速な断頭によりラットを安楽死させます。 </li><li>血清を取得し、すぐに顕微鏡検査のためのピペットを用いて血液のサンプル（各ラットから7μl）を取るために非発熱性のチューブに非発熱性ピペットで- （16ミリリットル15）各ラット20からトランク血液を採取します。 </li><li>凝固を可能にするために、少なくとも30分間、冷蔵庫で血液を試験管に入れてください。 20°Cの時の遠心分離管、7,000×gで10分間、迅速にピペットで血清を除去。一定分量の血清をアッセイまで-20 O Cで50μlのボリュームとストアに各ラットから得られました。 </li></ol> 4.手術手順<ol><li>カット/電気ハサミでカーカスの下の腹部と胸部からすべての毛皮をトリミング。滅菌キャビネットにカーカスを配置し、70％アルコールでカーカスの毛を剃っ表面を処理。 </li><li>腹部の正中切開を作成するために、滅菌メスを使用してください。滅菌ピンセットを用いて、各ラットから肝臓、腸間膜リンパ節、脾臓、および小腸を削除します。 </li></ol>細菌転移の5分析<ol><li>予め秤量した滅菌チューブに肝臓、腸間膜リンパ節および脾臓の各サンプルを置き、重量を量ります。サンプルとチューブの重量と空のチューブの重量の差として試料の重量を計算します。 </li><li> 1:10希釈液を得るためにチューブに無菌PBSを加える（w / v）のサンプルとhomoge均一な懸濁液21を得るために、滅菌ガラス組織ホモジナイザーで各サンプルをnize。 </li><li>滅菌PBSで各サンプルの連続希釈（10 -1〜10 -4）を作成します。プレートヘミン（0.005グラム/ L）とビタミンK1（0.01グラム/ L）プレートとマッコンキーの表面および5％血液寒天とブルセラ血液寒天上に各組織のすべての希釈の0.1ミリリットル。 </li><li> 37°Cの 22で嫌気性条件下マッコンキー、5％血液寒天プレート好気的およびブルセラ血液寒天プレートをインキュベートします。 </li><li> 24時間後に好気性細菌のコロニー、およびコロニーカウンターを用いて、インキュベーションの48時間後の嫌気性細菌のコロニーを数えます。組織のグラムでのコロニー形成単位（CFU）の数として結果を表しています。 </li></ol> 6.組織学的解析<ol><li> （ - 4.2 4.1ステップ）、外科的処置によって、各ラットから小腸サンプルを削除します。ブアン固定液、パラフィン中に埋め込み、内のサンプルを修正しました。標準的な手順23を使用して、ヘマトキシリンおよびエオシンで6μmのセクションおよび染色切片を作製。 </li><li>各サンプル（倍率100X）24で腸絨毛と総粘膜の厚さの高さを測定するための高解像度の顕微鏡システムを使用してください。各ラットからの4つのサンプルを分析し、各試料中の少なくとも20の測定を行います。マイクロメートルで結果を表現します。 </li></ol> 7.サイトカインアッセイ<ol><li> IL-1βのための商業用ラットのELISAキットを使用します。 IL-6。 TNF-α;製造業者のプロトコールに従って血清中のサイトカインのレベルを測定するためのINF-γ、およびIL-10。 </li><li>関連するキットの標準を使用してアッセイしたサンプルの各セットのための標準曲線を生成します。適切な標準曲線と実験データを比較することにより、各サンプル中のサイトカインのレベルを定義します。 </li></ol> 8.リポ多糖アッセイ<ol><li>に従ってラットLPS ELISAキットを用いて血清中のLPSのレベルを分析製造業者のプロトコル。標準曲線の値で得られた値と比較することにより試料中のLPSの濃度を推定します。 </li></ol>血液の9高解像度光学顕微鏡<ol><li>以前に25,26説明した顕微鏡システムを使用してください。ライブ画像を記録する顕微鏡システムの基本とビデオカメラとコンピュータ25として防振プラットフォームを使用します。以前に27を説明したようにリチャードソンのスライドを使用してテスト画像を調整します。 </li><li>スライドガラス、カバーガラス、写真上の各ラットから新たに採取した血液の7μLを置 ​​き、各サンプル（倍率1,700X）で72×53.3ミクロン2の10の画像フレームを記録します。 </li><li>リアルタイムで高解像度の直視光学像を提供するソフトウェアを使用して、小胞の濃度を測定します。各実験条件28のための20の画像フレームの最小値を調べます。 </li></ol> 10. STATISチック<ol><li>平均と標準偏差としてすべての値を表現します。統計分析とグラフ描画を実行します。 2標本t検定を用いた結果を分析し、統計的有意性を定義するために0.05で有意水準を設定します。 </li></ol>

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G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heat+stroke:+Role+of+the+systemic+inflammatory+response.">Heat stroke: Role of the systemic inflammatory response.</a> J. Appl. Physiol. 109, 1980-1988 (2010).</li><li>Kumar, Y., Chawla, A., Tatu, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heat+Shock+Protein+70+as+a+Biomarker+of+Heat+Stress+in+a+Simulated+Hot+Cockpit.">Heat Shock Protein 70 as a Biomarker of Heat Stress in a Simulated Hot Cockpit.</a> Aviat Space Env Med. 74 (7), 711-716 (2007).</li></ol>

著者は、彼らが競合する金融利害関係を持たないことを宣言します。

深刻な健康状態29内の高温の結果への暴露。予防と熱ストレスに関連する合併症の早期発見は極めて重要30です。 提示されたプロトコルは、熱ストレスの有害作用の防止のための様々なアプローチの有効性を評価するために使用することができます。 このプロトコル内の重要なステップは次のとおり熱処理手順（45°Cの 、25分）。エ?...

Different stressors affect human and animal health. Temperature is one of the most stressful factors, causing chronic, acute and even lethal illnesses1. Changes in intestinal morphology and a loss of gut barrier integrity after heat stress were documented in many cases2,3. This protective barrier is responsible for defense against translocation of gut bacteria and their toxins, in particular lipopolysaccharides (LPS), from the lumen to the internal circulation4,5. Stability of the gut microbiota significantly influences intestinal barrier function, the immune response of the host, and tolerance to stress conditions6. Thus, modulation of the intestinal microbiota can provide a novel approach for prevention of stress-related adverse effects. 
Beneficial bacteria have been used as a promising strategy to modify the gut microbiota for successful management of various clinical conditions, such as diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, atopic dermatitis, metabolic disorders7-10. Probiotic effects of beneficial bacteria include production of essential metabolites to support intestinal health, stimulation of the immune system, promotion of lactose tolerance, restoration of epithelial dysfunction. Probiotics were effective in prevention of the stress-related complications in vitro and in animal models11,12. 
Researchers have given more attention to Bacillus bacteria as probiotics because these bacteria support intestinal homeostasis13 and have beneficial effects on the host14. Our previous data demonstrated high efficacy of Bacillus probiotics against pathogens in vitro15,16 and in clinical trials17,18. Here, we aim to evaluate the preventive effect of B. subtilis BSB3 strain against complications after heat stress.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Phosphate buffered saline (PBS)</td><td>Sigma-Aldrich,&amp;nbsp;St. Louis, MO</td><td>P4417</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ethyl Alcohol&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Pharmco products Inc. Brookfield, CT, USA&amp;nbsp;</td><td>64-17-5</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Agar</td><td>VWR</td><td>97064-334</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>MacConkey agar plates</td><td>VWR</td><td>470180-742</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>5% blood agar plates</td><td>VWR</td><td>89405-024</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Brucella blood agar plate with Hemin, and Vitamin K</td><td>VWR</td><td>89405-032</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Bouin&amp;rsquo;s Fixative</td><td>Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA, USA</td><td>15990</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IL-10 Rat ELISA kit</td><td>Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA</td><td>KRC0101</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IL-1beta Rat ELISA Kit</td><td>Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA</td><td>KRC0011</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IL-6 Rat ELISA Kit</td><td>Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA</td><td>KRC0061</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>INF-gamma Rat ELISA Kit</td><td>Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA</td><td>KRC4021</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>TNF-alpha Rat ELISA Kit</td><td>Invitrogen, Camarillo, CA, USA</td><td>KRC3011</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rat LPS ELISA Kit</td><td>NeoBioLab, MA, USA</td><td>RL0275</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Environmental Chamber 6020-1</td><td>Caron, Marietta, OH, USA</td><td>6020-1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Centrifuge&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Beckman Coulter, Indianapolis, IN, USA</td><td>Optima L-90K</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultra Centrifuge</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Light microscope optical system</td><td>CitoViva Technology Inc., Auburn, AL</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Colony counter</td><td>Fisher Scientific , Pittsburgh, PA, USA</td><td>RE-3325</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Freezer</td><td>Haier, Brooklyn, NY, USA</td><td>HCMO50LA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Ultra microplate reader</td><td>Bio-Tek Instrument, Winooski, VT, USA</td><td>ELx 808</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Auto Strip Washer</td><td>Bio-Tek Instrument, Winooski, VT, USA</td><td>ELx50</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Pipettes</td><td>Gilson, Pipetman, France</td><td>P100, P200, P1000</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>C24 Incubator Shaker</td><td>New Brunswick Scientific, Enfield, CT, USA</td><td>Classic C24</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Rocking Shaker&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Reliable Scientific, Inc., Nesbit, MS, USA</td><td>55</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Petri dishes</td><td>Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA, USA</td><td>875713</td><td>100 mm x 15 mm</td></tr><tr><td>SterilGard III Advance</td><td>The Baker Company, Sanford, ME, USA</td><td>SG403</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Culture Growing Flasks</td><td>Corning Incorporated, Corning, NY, USA</td><td>4995</td><td>PYREX 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks</td></tr><tr><td>Optical Spectrometer Genesys 20</td><td>Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA.</td><td>4001</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sony DXC-33 Video camera</td><td>Sony</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Richardson test slide</td><td>Electron Microscopy Science, Hatfield, PA, USA</td><td>80303</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Millipore water purification system</td><td>Millipore</td><td>Direct-Q</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Image-Pro Plus software</td><td>Media Cybernetics, MD, USA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Triple Beam Balance</td><td>OHAUS Corporation, Parsippany, NJ, USA</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Tissue Homogenizer, Dounce</td><td>VWR</td><td>71000-518</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

prevention of heat stress adverse effects in rats by bacillus subtilis strain

この研究は、熱ストレスに関連する合併症に対するバチルス・ズブチリス株の保護効果を評価するために設計しました。 32個のSprague-Dawleyラットをこの研究で使用しました。動物は、経口Bとの 2日間、1日2回処理しました。 サブチリス BSB3株またはPBS。最後の処置後の翌日、各グループを分割し、2つの実験群（PBS及び枯草菌で処理したものと処理したもの）25分間、45°Cのに置きました。 2つの対照群は、室温で25分間滞在しました。全てのラットを安楽死させ、別のパラメータは、すべての群で分析しました。熱ストレスの悪影響が絨毛の高さと腸上皮における総粘膜の厚さの減少により登録されています。内腔からの細菌の転。赤血球および血液中のリポ多糖（LPS）レベルの上昇の小胞形成を増加させました。治療の予防効果は、事前によって評価されますこれらの副作用の発明。プロトコルは、熱ストレスの合併症の予防のための細菌とラットの経口治療のために設立されたが、このプロトコルは、他の投与経路のために、異なる化合物の分析のために修正して使用することができます。

熱ストレス前後とすぐに動物の平均体温は、それぞれ36.7±0.07 O Cと40.3±0.17°Cの 、（P &lt;0.05）でした。熱への暴露ラット（群3）は、絨毛の高さおよび全粘膜の厚さ（図2、図3）の有意な阻害をもたらしました。ストレス前BSB3株の経口投与は、熱の有害な影響から腸を保護しました。 腸からの?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain at JoVE.com

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

We described a protocol for prevention of heat stress effects in rats by oral pre-treatment with beneficial bacteria. This protocol can be modified and used for various routes of administration and for analysis of different compounds.

熱の予防によりラットに悪影響をストレス<em&gt;枯草菌</em&gt;ひずみ

This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of the Bacillus subtilis strain against complications related to heat stress. Thirty-two ...

prevention-heat-stress-adverse-effects-rats-bacillus-subtilis

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

7.4K ビュー.  Auburn University. We described a protocol for prevention of heat stress effects in rats by oral pre-treatment with beneficial bacteria. This protocol can be modified and used for various routes of administration and for analysis of different compounds.

ビデオ: Prevention of Heat Stress Adverse Effects in Rats by Bacillus subtilis Strain

A Rat Methyl-Seq Platform to Identify Epigenetic Changes Associated with Stress Exposure

As genomes of a wider variety of animals become available, there is an increasing need for tools that can capture dynamic epigenetic changes in these animal models. The rat is one particular model animal where an epigenetic tool can complement many pharmacological and behavioral studies to provide insightful mechanistic information. To this end, we adapted the SureSelect Target Capture System (referred to as Methyl-Seq) for the rat, which can assess DNA methylation levels across the rat genome. The rat design targeted promoters, CpG islands, island shores, and GC-rich regions from all RefSeq genes. 
To implement the platform on a rat experiment, male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to chronic variable stress for 3 weeks, after which blood samples were collected for genomic DNA extraction. Methyl-Seq libraries were constructed from the rat DNA samples by shearing, adapter ligation, target enrichment, bisulfite conversion, and multiplexing. Libraries were sequenced on a next-generation sequencing platform and the sequenced reads were analyzed to identify DMRs between DNA of stressed and unstressed rats. Top candidate DMRs were independently validated by bisulfite pyrosequencing to confirm the robustness of the platform.
Results demonstrate that the rat Methyl-Seq platform is a useful epigenetic tool that can capture methylation changes induced by exposure to stress.

Here, we describe the protocol and implementation of Methyl-Seq, an epigenomic platform, using a rat model to identify epigenetic changes associated with chronic stress exposure. Results demonstrate that the rat Methyl-Seq platform is capable of detecting methylation differences that arise from stress exposure in rats.

ストレス曝露に伴うエピジェネティックな変化を識別するためにラット メチル Seq プラットフォーム

As genomes of a wider variety of animals become available, there is an increasing need for tools that can capture dynamic epigenetic changes in these ...

生化学

Standardized Methods for Measuring Induction of the Heat Shock Response in Caenorhabditis elegans

The heat shock response (HSR) is a cellular stress response induced by cytosolic protein misfolding that functions to restore protein folding homeostasis, or proteostasis. Caenorhabditis elegans occupies a unique and powerful niche for HSR research because the HSR can be assessed at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. Therefore, changes at the molecular level can be visualized at the cellular level and their impacts on physiology can be quantitated at the organismal level. While assays for measuring the HSR are straightforward, variations in the timing, temperature, and methodology described in the literature make it challenging to compare results across studies. Furthermore, these issues act as a barrier for anyone seeking to incorporate HSR analysis into their research. Here, a series of protocols is&#160;presented for measuring induction of the HSR in a robust and reproducible manner with RT-qPCR, fluorescent reporters, and an organismal thermorecovery assay. Additionally, we show that a widely used thermotolerance assay is not dependent on the well-established master regulator of the HSR, HSF-1, and therefore should not be used for HSR research. Finally, variations in these assays found in the literature are discussed and best practices are proposed to help standardize results across the field, ultimately facilitating neurodegenerative disease, aging, and HSR research.

Standardized Methods for Measuring Induction of the Heat Shock Response in Caenorhabditis elegans

Here, standardized protocols are presented to assess induction of the heat shock response (HSR) in Caenorhabditis elegans using RT-qPCR at the molecular level, fluorescent reporters at the cellular level, and thermorecovery at the organismal level.

カエノハブディティス・エレガンスにおける熱ショック応答の誘導を測定するための標準化された方法

The heat shock response (HSR) is a cellular stress response induced by cytosolic protein misfolding that functions to restore protein folding homeostasis, ...

環境学

Isolation, Purification, and Identification of Bacitracin-producing Bacillus licheniformis from Fresh Feces of Healthy Pigs

Bacillus licheniformis and bacitracin have a huge application market and value in the fields of medicine, chemistry, aquaculture, agricultural, and sideline products. Therefore, the selection of B. licheniformis with high production of bacitracin is of great importance. In this experimental protocol, Bacillus with a high yield of bacitracin was isolated, purified, and identified from the fresh feces of healthy pigs. The inhibitory effect of secondary metabolite bacitracin on Micrococcus luteus was also tested. Thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography were used for the qualitative and quantitative detection of bacitracin. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of B. licheniformis were determined by relevant kits. The phylogenetic relationships of B. licheniformis were determined and constructed using gene sequence detection. This protocol describes and introduces the standard isolation, purification, and identification process of B. licheniformis from animal fresh feces from multiple perspectives, providing a method for the large-scale utilization of B. licheniformis and bacitracin in factories.

Isolation, Purification, and Identification of Bacitracin-producing Bacillus licheniformis from Fresh Feces of Healthy Pigs

This protocol provides a complete and comprehensive description of the detailed process for the isolation, purification, and identification of bacitracin-producing Bacillus licheniformis from healthy pig feces.

Bacillus licheniformis and bacitracin have a huge application market and value in the fields of medicine, chemistry, aquaculture, agricultural, and ...

生物工学

Short-Duration Hypothermia Induction in Rats using Models for Studies examining Clinical Relevance and Mechanisms

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a powerful neuroprotective strategy that has provided robust evidence for neuroprotection in pre-clinical studies of neurological disorders. Despite strong pre-clinical evidence, TH has not shown efficacy in clinical trials of most neurological disorders. The only successful trials employing therapeutic hypothermia were related to cardiac arrest in adults and hypoxic ischemic injury in neonates. Further investigations into the parameters of its use, and study design comparisons between pre-clinical and clinical studies, are warranted. This article demonstrates two methods of short-duration hypothermia induction. The first method allows for rapid hypothermia induction in rats using ethanol spray and fans. This method works by cooling the skin, which has been less commonly used in clinical trials and may have different physiological effects. Cooling is much more rapid with this technique than is achievable in human patients due to differences in surface area to volume ratio. Along with this, a second method is also presented, which allows for a clinically achievable cooling rate for short-duration hypothermia. This method is easy to implement, reproducible and does not require active skin cooling.

This article describes two methods of whole-body short-duration hypothermia induction in rats. The first, rapid induction method, employs active cooling using fans and ethanol spray for a rapid decrease in temperature. The second method is a gradual cooling method. This is achieved using the combination of isoflurane anesthesia and the reduction of temperature settings on the homeothermic heat mat. This results in a gradual decrease in core body temperature without the use of any external cooling devices.&#160;

臨床関連性とメカニズムを調べる研究のためのモデルを用いたラットの短期間低体温誘導

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is a powerful neuroprotective strategy that has provided robust evidence for neuroprotection in pre-clinical studies of ...

医学

A Preclinical Model of Exertional Heat Stroke in Mice

Heat stroke is the most severe manifestation of heat-related illnesses. Classic heat stroke (CHS), also known as passive heat stroke, occurs at rest, whereas exertional heat stroke (EHS) occurs during physical activity. EHS differs from CHS in etiology, clinical presentation, and sequelae of multi-organ dysfunction. Until recently, only models of CHS have been well established. This protocol aims to provide guidelines for a refined preclinical mouse model of EHS that is free from major limiting factors such as the use of anesthesia, restraint, rectal probes, or electric shock. Male and female C57Bl/6 mice, instrumented with core temperature (Tc) telemetric probes were utilized in this model. For familiarization with the running mode, mice undergo 3 weeks of training using both voluntary and forced running wheels. Thereafter, mice run on a forced wheel inside a climatic chamber set at 37.5 &#176;C and 40%-50% relative humidity (RH) until displaying symptom limitation (e.g., loss of consciousness) at Tc of 42.1-42.5 &#176;C, although suitable results can be obtained at chamber temperatures between 34.5-39.5 &#176;C and humidity between 30%-90%. Depending on the desired severity, mice are removed from the chamber immediately for recovery in ambient temperature or remain in the heated chamber for a longer duration, inducing a more severe exposure and a higher incidence of mortality. Results are compared with sham-matched exercise controls (EXC) and/or na&#239;ve controls (NC). The model mirrors many of the pathophysiological outcomes observed in human EHS, including loss of consciousness, severe hyperthermia, multi-organ damage as well as inflammatory cytokine release, and acute phase responses of the immune system. This model is ideal for hypothesis-driven research to test preventative and therapeutic strategies that may delay the onset of EHS or reduce the multi-organ damage that characterizes this manifestation.

The protocol describes the development of a standardized, repeatable, preclinical model of exertional heat stroke (EHS) in mice free from adverse external stimuli such as electric shock. The model provides a platform for mechanistic, preventative, and therapeutic studies.

マウスにおける運動熱中症の前臨床モデル

Heat stroke is the most severe manifestation of heat-related illnesses. Classic heat stroke (CHS), also known as passive heat stroke, occurs at rest, ...

Investigating the Detrimental Effects of Low Pressure Plasma Sterilization on the Survival of Bacillus subtilis Spores Using Live Cell Microscopy

Plasma sterilization is a promising alternative to conventional sterilization methods for industrial, clinical, and spaceflight purposes. Low pressure plasma (LPP) discharges contain a broad spectrum of active species, which lead to rapid microbial inactivation. To study the efficiency and mechanisms of sterilization by LPP, we use spores of the test organism Bacillus subtilis because of their extraordinary resistance against conventional sterilization procedures. We describe the production of B. subtilis spore monolayers, the sterilization process by low pressure plasma in a double inductively coupled plasma reactor, the characterization of spore morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the analysis of germination and outgrowth of spores by live cell microscopy. A major target of plasma species is genomic material (DNA) and repair of plasma-induced DNA lesions upon spore revival is crucial for survival of the organism. Here, we study the germination capacity of spores and the role of DNA repair during spore germination and outgrowth after treatment with LPP by tracking fluorescently-labelled DNA repair proteins (RecA) with time-resolved confocal fluorescence microscopy. Treated and untreated spore monolayers are activated for germination and visualized with an inverted confocal live cell microscope over time to follow the reaction of individual spores. Our observations reveal that the fraction of germinating and outgrowing spores is dependent on the duration of LPP-treatment reaching a minimum after 120 s. RecA-YFP (yellow fluorescence protein) fluorescence was detected only in few spores and developed in all outgrowing cells with a slight elevation in LPP-treated spores. Moreover, some of the vegetative bacteria derived from LPP-treated spores showed an increase in cytoplasm and tended to lyse. The described methods for analysis of individual spores could be exemplary for the study of other aspects of spore germination and outgrowth.

Investigating the Detrimental Effects of Low Pressure Plasma Sterilization on the Survival of Bacillus subtilis Spores Using Live Cell Microscopy

This protocol illustrates the important consecutive steps required to assess the relevance of monitoring vitality parameter and DNA repair processes in reviving Bacillus subtilis spores after treatment with low pressure plasma by tracking fluorescence-labelled DNA repair proteins via time-resolved confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

有害な効果の低圧プラズマ滅菌を使用して住んでいる携帯顕微鏡枯草菌胞子の生存に調査

Plasma sterilization is a promising alternative to conventional sterilization methods for industrial, clinical, and spaceflight purposes. Low pressure ...

生物学

慢性予測不可能な軽度ストレスラットモデルの確立と検証

Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress in Rats based on the Mongolian medicine

Depression is a prevalent affective disorder and constitutes a leading cause of global disability. The limitations of current pharmacological interventions contribute to the substantial health burden attributed to this condition. There is a pressing need for a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms of depression, making pre-clinical models with translational potential highly valuable. Mongolian medicine, a subset of traditional medicine, posits that disease occurrence is closely tied to the equilibrium of wind, bile, and Phlegm. In this study, we introduce a protocol for the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) method in rats. Within this framework, rats are subjected to a series of fluctuating, mild stressors to induce a depression-like phenotype, mimicking the pathogenesis of human depression. Behavioral assays employed in this protocol include the sucrose preference test (SPT), indicative of anhedonia-a core symptom of depression; the open field test (OFT), which measures anxiety levels; and the Morris water maze test (MWM), which evaluates spatial memory and learning abilities. The CUMS method demonstrates the capability to induce anhedonia and to cause long-term behavioral deficits. Furthermore, this protocol is more aligned with Mongolian medical theory than other animal models designed to elicit depression-like behavior. The development of this animal model and subsequent research provide a robust foundation for future innovative studies in the realm of Mongolian medicine.

著者スポットライト:モンゴル伝統医学におけるうつ病要因を調査するためのげっ歯類モデルの確立

This protocol outlines a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model for depression based on Mongolian medical theory, along with methods for validating behavioral tests.

モンゴル医学に基づくラットの慢性予測不能軽度ストレス

Depression is a prevalent affective disorder and constitutes a leading cause of global disability. The limitations of current pharmacological ...

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Organisms are often exposed to fluctuating environments and changes in intracellular homeostasis, which can have detrimental effects on their proteome and physiology. Thus, organisms have evolved targeted and specific stress responses dedicated to repair damage and maintain homeostasis. These mechanisms include the unfolded protein response of the endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER), the unfolded protein response of the mitochondria (UPRMT), the heat shock response (HSR), and the oxidative stress response (OxSR). The protocols presented here describe methods to detect and characterize the activation of these pathways and their physiological consequences in the nematode, C. elegans. First, the use of pathway-specific fluorescent transcriptional reporters is described for rapid cellular characterization, drug screening, or large-scale genetic screening (e.g., RNAi or mutant libraries). In addition, complementary, robust physiological assays are described, which can be used to directly assess sensitivity of animals to specific stressors, serving as functional validation of the transcriptional reporters. Together, these methods allow for rapid characterization of the cellular and physiological effects of internal and external proteotoxic perturbations.

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Here, we characterize cellular proteotoxic stress responses in the nematode C. elegans by measuring the activation of fluorescent transcriptional reporters and assaying sensitivity to physiological stress.

エレガンスにおける生理的ストレス応答の測定

Organisms are often exposed to fluctuating environments and changes in intracellular homeostasis, which can have detrimental effects on their proteome and ...

熱の予防によりラットに悪影響をストレス

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

ストレス曝露に伴うエピジェネティックな変化を識別するためにラットメチル Seq プラットフォーム

カエノハブディティス・エレガンスにおける熱ショック応答の誘導を測定するための標準化された方法

Isolation, Purification, and Identification of Bacitracin-producing Bacillus licheniformis from Fresh Feces of Healthy Pigs

臨床関連性とメカニズムを調べる研究のためのモデルを用いたラットの短期間低体温誘導

マウスにおける運動熱中症の前臨床モデル

有害な効果の低圧プラズマ滅菌を使用して住んでいる携帯顕微鏡枯草菌胞子の生存に調査

モンゴル医学に基づくラットの慢性予測不能軽度ストレス

モンゴル医学に基づくラットの慢性予測不能軽度ストレス

モンゴル医学に基づくラットの慢性予測不能軽度ストレス

エレガンスにおける生理的ストレス応答の測定

熱の予防によりラットに悪影響をストレス

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

ストレス曝露に伴うエピジェネティックな変化を識別するためにラット メチル Seq プラットフォーム

カエノハブディティス・エレガンスにおける熱ショック応答の誘導を測定するための標準化された方法

Isolation, Purification, and Identification of Bacitracin-producing Bacillus licheniformis from Fresh Feces of Healthy Pigs

臨床関連性とメカニズムを調べる研究のためのモデルを用いたラットの短期間低体温誘導

マウスにおける運動熱中症の前臨床モデル

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