Name: a mimic of the tumor microenvironment: a simple method for generating enriched cell populations and investigating intercellular communication
Uploaded: 2016-09-20T08:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 9 min 52 s
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication at JoVE.com

This research was supported by grants from the New Jersey Commission on Cancer Research (Pre-Doctoral Fellowship DFHS13PPCO17), the National Institutes of Health (CA049062), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX15AD62G).

著者は、彼らは、競合や利害の対立がないことを宣言します。

ここで説明するプロトコルは、透過性の微多孔膜インサートが異細胞の共培養物から高度に濃縮された個々の細胞集団を生成するために利用する、単純なインビトロ手順の適合（ 図1）です。重要なことは、このモデルは細胞間コミュニケーションの様々なモードを調査するのに適しています。重要なステップは、上面側の第2の細胞集団を播種し、50％FBSを補充した...

腫瘍微小環境（TME）が共存するとホスト間質と一緒に進化する癌細胞で構成される非常に複雑なシステムです。この間質成分は、典型的には、線維芽細胞、筋線維芽細胞、内皮細胞、様々な免疫成分、ならびに細胞外マトリックス1で構成されています。重要な構成要素、この間質の、しばしば大部分は、活性化された線維芽細胞は、しばしば癌関連線維芽細胞または癌関連線維芽細胞（CAF）2,3と呼ばれています。通常、非活性化線維芽細胞とは異なり、CAFSは、乳房、前立腺、肺、膵臓、皮膚、結腸、食道癌などの多種多様な、腫瘍の開始、進行、血管新生、浸潤、転移、および再発4-11に寄与し、そして5,6,12-17卵巣。しかし、がんの病因全体でCAFSの寄与の正確な性質は、定義が不十分のまま。さらに、臨床的証拠は、CAFSの予後値を実証してきました、高品位の悪性疾患、治療の失敗、および全体的な予後不良10,18,19にその存在を関連付けます。 明らかに、CAF開発の開始イベントと同様に、TME内での役割を媒介する細胞間コミュニケーションの我々の理解を高め、患者の転帰を改善することができるエキサイティングな新しい治療標的と強化戦略を提供することができます。この目標に向かって、in vivoおよびin vitroモデルにおけるいくつかが開発されています。 in vivoでのアプローチで患者のTMEをより反映しているが、それらは腫瘍内との間の両方の巨大な複雑さと不均一性などの制限を、持っています。さらに、ヒト被験者からの腫瘍サンプルは、しばしば高度に発達したTMEを表し、TME開始イベントの理解を許可していません。実験動物研究は、しかし、ヒトへの動物のデータの一般化が原因でphysiの違いに注意して行う必要があります、いくつかの利点を提供しますこのような齧歯類（ 例えば、チオール化学20、 ​​代謝率21 などのストレス22、に対する耐性）などの人間と動物の間に学問。また、自然の中で遺伝的に不均質である人間集団とは異なり、実験動物は、一般的に均一になるまで飼育されています。また、一過性の生理的変動および細胞表現型の変化を調べるために、ならびにげっ歯類などの動物を使用して、特定の実験パラメータを制御することがしばしば困難です。したがって、 インビトロ 2-および3次元（2Dおよび3D）組織培養モデルで頻繁TME開発の基本的な理解を進めるために利用されます。 インビボでのシステムの複雑さの正確な描写の欠如にもかかわらず、これらのモデルは、非常に機械的調査を容易にする利点を提供する。 インビトロモデルは、TMEのより単純化着目し、費用対効果の分析のために、それによって統計学的に有意な可能データを、生成することができます動物で起こる全身ばらつきのない細胞。 インビトロ系のいくつかの種類があります。 2つの最も一般的に使用TME in vitroモデルは、混合単層又はスフェロイド細胞培養物で構成されています。両方の培養方法は、細胞間の相互作用の基本的な研究（腫瘍細胞と、例えば、正常細胞）および種々のTME特定の細胞表現型の変化（正常線維芽細胞からの癌関連線維芽細胞の、例えば 、出現）の分析のために有利です。加えて、スフェロイドはTMEをより反映組織様構造を作成することができ、腫瘍異質23を表すことができます。しかし、スフェロイドは、多くの場合、実験の結論24を複雑にする可能性がある層全体で幅広く変化する酸素張力勾配を作り出します。残念ながら、両方のモデルは非常に共同以下のさらなる特性評価および研究のために純粋な細胞集団を分離する能力が制限されています文化。これを行うには、蛍光タグ付きまたは特定メーカーで標識するために少なくとも1つの細胞型を必要とし、その後、細胞集団を分離するために仕分け広範な処理し、細胞に混合共培養を施すことになります。セルソーターではなく、純粋な細胞集団を単離することができるが、1は、細胞ストレスと潜在的な微生物汚染25を危険を認識しなければなりません。 細胞間コミュニケーションの理解を容易にするため、多大な努力を開発し、簡単なアプローチを可能にしながら密接に、 生体内環境を模倣するインビトロシステムに最適化に向けて専念してきました。そのようなツールの一つは、透過性の微多孔性インサート、最初の1953年に26を開発し、その後、多様なアプリケーションとの研究（ 例えば 、細胞極性27、エンドサイトーシス28、薬物輸送29、組織モデリング30に適合された膜基材、FERTですilization 31、バイスタンダー効果32,33、 など ）。このシステムは、34,35、インビボマーカーの インビボ様の解剖学的および機能的分化、ならびに多くの発現を有する細胞の増殖を可能にするときに不浸透性のプラスチック容器で培養観察されません。また、非常に薄い多孔質膜（厚さ10μm）は、 生体内環境をシミュレートし、両方の頂端および側底細胞ドメインで独立した細胞機能を可能にする分子と平衡時間の急速な普及を可能にします。 TMEシステムなどの挿入物の有用性のさらなる利点は、膜の孔を通って細胞間コミュニケーションの様々なモードを維持しながら、同じ環境条件で膜の両側に成長させた2異型細胞集団の物理的な分離です。物理的に分離されているが、2つの細胞集団は、代謝的にデとして、分泌された要素を介して結合され、また、ギャップジャンクショ​​ンチャネルを介して、ここにスクライビング。さらに、in vivoでの部分的な酸素分圧（PO 2）で挿入を維持することによって、モデルは、他のシステムで観察された酸素と化学的勾配の合併症を減らすことができます。むしろ、それはTMEを制御する自然のメカニズムの理解を向上させます。注目すべきことに、2つの細胞集団を容易に共培養の長期間以下の蛍光タグ付けおよび/または細胞選別せずに、高純度で単離することができます。 ここでは、膜の孔を通って連続的な双方向通信ではまだヒト乳癌細胞透過性微孔質膜インサートの両側に、それぞれ、成長したヒト線維芽細胞からなるインビトロ TMEプロトコルを説明するが、。我々は、開発に異なる孔径を有する膜を使用することによって、細胞間コミュニケーションの特定のタイプの寄与（ 例えば 、ギャップ結合対因子を分泌した）ことを示していますTMEの調査することができます。

<table><tbody><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;For Cell Culture&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>AG01522 (&lt;em&gt;i.e.&lt;/em&gt;, AG1522) human diploid fibroblast</td><td>Coriell</td><td>107661</td><td>Passage 8-13</td></tr><tr><td>MDA-MB-231-luc-D3H1 breast adenocarcinoma cell line</td><td>PerkinElmer</td><td>119261</td><td>Parental line: ATCC (#HTB-26)</td></tr><tr><td>MDA-MB-231/GFP breast adenocarcinoma cell line</td><td>Cell Biolabs</td><td>AKR-201</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Eagle&#039;s minimal essential medium (MEM)</td><td>Corning Cellgro</td><td>15-010-CV</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Qualified</td><td>Sigma</td><td>F6178-500mL</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Corning Glutagro Supplement (200 mM L-alanyl-L-glutamine)</td><td>Corning Cellgro</td><td>25-015-Cl</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Penicillin Streptomycin Solution, 100x</td><td>Corning Cellgro</td><td>30-002-Cl</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Transwell Insert (&lt;em&gt;i.e.&lt;/em&gt;, permeable microporous membrane insert) (0.4 &amp;mu;m pore)</td><td>Costar</td><td>3450</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Transwell Insert (&lt;em&gt;i.e.&lt;/em&gt;, permeable microporous membrane insert) (1 &amp;mu;m pore)</td><td>Greiner bio-one</td><td>657610</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Transwell Insert (&lt;em&gt;i.e.&lt;/em&gt;, permeable microporous membrane insert) (3 &amp;mu;m pore)</td><td>Costar</td><td>3452</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>6-well Culture Plate</td><td>Greiner Bio-One Cellstar</td><td>657160-01</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>75 cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; cell culture flask</td><td>CellStar</td><td>658 170</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Phosphate-Buffered Saline (PBS), 1x</td><td>Corning Cellgro</td><td>21-040-CV</td><td>without calcium &amp;amp; magnesium</td></tr><tr><td>0.25% (vol/vol) Trypsin, 2.21 mM EDTA, 1x</td><td>Corning Cellgro</td><td>25-053-Cl</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>15 ml Centrifuge Tube</td><td>CellTreat</td><td>229411</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>35 mm x 10 mm Cell Culture Dish</td><td>Greiner bio-one</td><td>627 160</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;For Immunofluorescent Microscopy&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mouse anti-Caveolin 1</td><td>BD Transduction Laboratories</td><td>610406</td><td>&lt;em&gt;In situ&lt;/em&gt; Immunofluorescence - 1:5,000</td></tr><tr><td>Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugate</td><td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td><td>A-11029</td><td>&lt;em&gt;In situ&lt;/em&gt; Immunofluorescence - 1:2,000</td></tr><tr><td>Bovine Serum Albumin - Fraction V</td><td>Rockland</td><td>BSA-50</td><td>Immunoglobulin and protease free</td></tr><tr><td>16% (wt/vol) Formaldehyde Solution</td><td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td><td>28908</td><td>Dilute to 4% with 1x PBS</td></tr><tr><td>Premium Cover Glass (22 mm x 22 mm No.1)</td><td>Fisher</td><td>12548B</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Triton X-100</td><td>Sigma</td><td>T8787-50ML</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SlowFade Gold antifade reagent with DAPI</td><td>Invitrogen</td><td>S36938</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;For Flow Cytometric Analysis&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Calcein, AM</td><td>Molecular Probes</td><td>C3100MP</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Hanks&#039; Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS)</td><td>Gibco</td><td>14025-076</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;Name&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Company&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Catalog Number&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td>&lt;strong&gt;Comments&lt;/strong&gt;</td></tr><tr><td>&lt;strong&gt;For Western Blot Analysis&lt;/strong&gt;</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Mouse anti-Caveolin 1</td><td>BD Transduction Laboratories</td><td>610406</td><td>Western Blot - 1:1,000</td></tr><tr><td>Tween-20</td><td>BioRad</td><td>170-6531</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Nitrocellulose Membrane (0.2 &amp;mu;m)</td><td>BioRad</td><td>162-0112</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Western Lightning Plus-ECL</td><td>PerkinElmer</td><td>NEL104001EA</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>BioRad DC Protein Assay</td><td>BioRad</td><td>500-0116</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)</td><td>BioRad</td><td>161-0302</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sodium deoxycholate monohydrate (DOC)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>D5670</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>IGEPAL CA-630 (NP40)</td><td>Sigma</td><td>I8896</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>30% Acrylamide/Bis Solution, 37.5:1</td><td>BioRad</td><td>161-0158</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

a mimic of the tumor microenvironment: a simple method for generating enriched cell populations and investigating intercellular communication

癌細胞と周囲の非癌性間質との間の早期の異な相互作用を理解することは、間質の活性化と腫瘍の微小環境（TME）の設立をもたらす事象を解明する上で重要です。 インビトロおよびTMEのインビボモデルにおけるいくつかが開発されています。しかし、一般的にこれらのモデルは、容易にさらなる研究のために、非摂動条件の下で、個々の細胞集団の単離を許可していません。この問題を回避するために、我々は、拡張共同用挿入物の膜の両側に、別々に密接成長高度に濃縮された細胞集団の簡単な生成を可能にする、まだ透過性微多孔膜インサートからなる細胞成長用基板を用いたin vitro TMEモデルを採用しています-culture回。このモデルを使用することによって、我々は以下の正常な二倍体のヒト線維芽細胞から大きく富化癌関連線維芽細胞（CAF）の集団を生成することができます蛍光タグ及び/又は細胞選別を使用せずに高転移性ヒト乳癌細胞との共培養（120時間）。さらに、インサートの細孔サイズを調節することによって、我々は開発の根底にあるメカニズムの調査を可能にする2異細胞集団間の細胞間コミュニケーション（ 例えば 、ギャップ結合コミュニケーション、分泌因子）のモード、のために制御することができますギャップ結合透過性の役割を含むTME、。このモデルは、癌間質開始、TMEの初期進化、および治療薬に対する癌細胞の応答に対する間質の調節作用につながる初期のイベントの我々の理解を高める上で貴重なツ​​ールとして機能します。

ここでは、in vivoでの腫瘍微小環境（ 図1）を模倣するインビトロ異細胞共培養システムを開発するために透過性の微多孔膜インサートを適応しました。このシステムは、（私達の使用中の120時間まで、）長時間のインサートの多孔質膜の両側に成長させることには、2つの異なる細胞集団を可能にします。 0.4〜1-または3 M-細孔インサートの上...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication at JoVE.com

A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication

We adapted a permeable microporous membrane insert to mimic the tumor microenvironment (TME). The model consists of a mixed cell culture, allows simplified generation of highly enriched individual cell populations without using fluorescent tagging or cell sorting, and permits studying intercellular communication within the TME under normal or stress conditions.

濃縮細胞集団を生成し、細胞間コミュニケーションを調べるための簡単​​な方法：腫瘍微小環境のミミック

Understanding the early heterotypic interactions between cancer cells and the surrounding non-cancerous stroma is important in elucidating the events ...

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10.2K ビュー.  Rutgers University. We adapted a permeable microporous membrane insert to mimic the tumor microenvironment (TME). The model consists of a mixed cell culture, allows simplified generation of highly enriched individual cell populations without using fluorescent tagging or cell sorting, and permits studying intercellular communication within the TME under normal or stress conditions.

ビデオ: A Mimic of the Tumor Microenvironment: A Simple Method for Generating Enriched Cell Populations and Investigating Intercellular Communication

Analyzing the Communication Between Monocytes and Primary Breast Cancer Cells in an Extracellular Matrix Extract (ECME)-based Three-dimensional System

Embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM), normal and neoplastic epithelial cells intimately communicate with hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, thus greatly influencing normal tissue homeostasis and disease outcome. In breast cancer, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in disease progression, metastasis, and recurrence; therefore, understanding the mechanisms of monocyte chemoattraction to the tumor microenvironment and their interactions with tumor cells is important to control the disease. Here, we provide a detailed description of a three-dimensional (3D) co-culture system of human breast cancer (BrC) cells and human monocytes. BrC cells produced high basal levels of regulated on-activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), while in co-culture with monocytes, pro-inflammatory cytokines Interleukin (IL)-1 beta (IL-1&#946;) and IL-8 were enriched together with matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-1, MMP-2, and MMP-10. This tumor stroma microenvironment promoted resistance to anoikis in MCF-10A 3D acini-like structures, chemoattraction of monocytes, and invasion of aggressive BrC cells. The protocols presented here provide an affordable alternative to study intra-tumor communication and are an example of the great potential that in vitro 3D cell systems provide to interrogate specific features of tumor biology related to tumor aggression.

Analyzing the Communication Between Monocytes and Primary Breast Cancer Cells in an Extracellular Matrix Extract ECME-based Three-dimensional System

Here, we describe a three-dimensional culture method to analyze the morphology of primary breast cancer cells, as well as to study their direct/indirect interactions with monocytes and the outcomes such as collagen degradation, immune cell recruitment, cell invasion, and promotion of cancer-related inflammation.

単球と細胞外マトリックスの主要な乳癌細胞間コミュニケーションを分析抽出 (ECME)-ベースの三次元システム

Embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM), normal and neoplastic epithelial cells intimately communicate with hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells, ...

がん研究

Enrichment and Characterization of the Tumor Immune and Non-immune Microenvironments in Established Subcutaneous Murine Tumors

The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has recently been recognized as a critical mediator of treatment response in solid tumors, especially for immunotherapies. Recent clinical advances in immunotherapy highlight the need for reproducible methods to accurately and thoroughly characterize the tumor and its associated immune infiltrate. Tumor enzymatic digestion and flow cytometric analysis allow broad characterization of numerous immune cell subsets and phenotypes; however, depth of analysis is often limited by fluorophore restrictions on panel design and the need to acquire large tumor samples to observe rare immune populations of interest. Thus, we have developed an effective and high throughput method for separating and enriching the tumor immune infiltrate from the non-immune tumor components. The described tumor digestion and centrifugal density-based separation technique allows separate characterization of tumor and tumor immune infiltrate fractions and preserves cellular viability, and thus, provides a broad characterization of the tumor immunologic state. This method was used to characterize the extensive spatial immune heterogeneity in solid tumors, which further demonstrates the need for consistent whole tumor immunologic profiling techniques. Overall, this method provides an effective and adaptable technique for the immunologic characterization of subcutaneous solid murine tumors; as such, this tool can be used to better characterize the tumoral immunologic features and in the preclinical evaluation of novel immunotherapeutic strategies.

Here we describe a method to separate and enrich components of the tumor immune and non-immune microenvironment in established subcutaneous tumors. This technique allows for the separate analysis of tumor immune infiltrate and non-immune tumor fractions which can permit comprehensive characterization of the tumor immune microenvironment.

濃縮と確立された皮下マウス腫瘍における腫瘍免疫と免疫のない微小のキャラクタリゼーション

The tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has recently been recognized as a critical mediator of treatment response in solid tumors, especially for ...

Using Microarrays to Interrogate Microenvironmental Impact on Cellular Phenotypes in Cancer

Understanding the impact of the microenvironment on the phenotype of cells is a difficult problem due to the complex mixture of both soluble growth factors and matrix-associated proteins in the microenvironment in vivo. Furthermore, readily available reagents for the modeling of microenvironments in vitro typically utilize complex mixtures of proteins that are incompletely defined and suffer from batch to batch variability. The microenvironment microarray (MEMA) platform allows for the assessment of thousands of simple combinations of microenvironment proteins for their impact on cellular phenotypes in a single assay. The MEMAs are prepared in well plates, which allows the addition of individual ligands to separate wells containing arrayed extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The combination of the soluble ligand with each printed ECM forms a unique combination. A typical MEMA assay contains greater than 2,500 unique combinatorial microenvironments that cells are exposed to in a single assay. As a test case, the breast cancer cell line MCF7 was plated on the MEMA platform. Analysis of this assay identified factors that both enhance and inhibit the growth and proliferation of these cells. The MEMA platform is highly flexible and can be extended for use with other biological questions beyond cancer research.

The purpose of the method presented here is to show how microenvironment microarrays (MEMA) can be fabricated and used to interrogate the impact of thousands of simple combinatorial microenvironments on the phenotype of cultured cells.

マイクロアレイを用いてがん細胞型に及ぼす微小環境への影響を調知る

Understanding the impact of the microenvironment on the phenotype of cells is a difficult problem due to the complex mixture of both soluble growth ...

Multidimensional Coculture System to Model Lung Squamous Carcinoma Progression

Tumor-stroma interactions play a critical role in the development of lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC). However, understanding how these dynamic interactions contribute to tissue architectural changes observed during tumorigenesis remains challenging due to the lack of appropriate models. In this protocol, we describe the generation of a 3D coculture model using a LUSC primary cell culture known as TUM622. TUM622 cells were established from a LUSC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and have the unique property to form acinar-like structures when seeded in a basement membrane matrix. We demonstrate that TUM622 acini in 3D coculture recapitulate key features of tissue architecture during LUSC progression as well as the dynamic interactions between LUSC cells and components of the tumor microenvironment (TME), including the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). We further adapt our principal 3D culturing protocol to demonstrate how this system could be utilized for various downstream analyses. Overall, this organoid model creates a biologically rich and adaptable platform that enables one to gain insight into the cell-intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms that promote the disruption of epithelial architectures during carcinoma progression and will aid the search for new therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers.

An in vitro model system was developed to capture tissue architectural changes during lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC) progression in a 3-dimensional (3D) co-culture with cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). This organoid system provides a unique platform to investigate the roles of diverse tumor cell-intrinsic and extrinsic changes that modulate the tumor phenotype.

肺扁平上皮癌進行をモデル化する多次元共培養システム

Tumor-stroma interactions play a critical role in the development of lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC). However, understanding how these dynamic interactions ...

Monitoring Cancer Cell Invasion and T-Cell Cytotoxicity in 3D Culture

Significant progress has been made in treating cancer with immunotherapy, although a large number of cancers remain resistant to treatment. A limited number of assays allow for direct monitoring and mechanistic insights into the interactions between tumor and immune cells, amongst which, T-cells play a significant role in executing the cytotoxic response of the adaptive immune system to cancer cells. Most assays are based on two-dimensional (2D) co-culture of cells due to the relative ease of use but with limited representation of the invasive growth phenotype, one of the hallmarks of cancer cells. Current three-dimensional (3D) co-culture systems either require special equipment or separate monitoring for invasion of co-cultured cancer cells and interacting T-cells.
Here we describe an approach to simultaneously monitor the invasive behavior in 3D of cancer cell spheroids and T-cell cytotoxicity in co-culture. Spheroid formation is driven by enhanced cell-cell interactions in scaffold-free agarose microwell casts with U-shaped bottoms. Both T-cell co-culture and cancer cell invasion into type I collagen matrix are performed within the microwells of the agarose casts without the need to transfer the cells, thus maintaining an intact 3D co-culture system throughout the assay. The collagen matrix can be separated from the agarose cast, allowing for immunofluorescence (IF) staining and for confocal imaging of cells. Also, cells can be isolated for further growth or subjected to analyses such as for gene expression or fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Finally, the 3D co-culture can be analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) after embedding and sectioning. Possible modifications of the assay include altered compositions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as the inclusion of different stromal or immune cells with the cancer cells.

The presented approach simultaneously evaluates cancer cell invasion in 3D spheroid assays and T-cell cytotoxicity. Spheroids are generated in a scaffold-free agarose multi-microwell cast. Co-culture and embedding in type I collagen matrix are performed within the same device which allows to monitor cancer cell invasion and T-cell mediated cytotoxicity.

3D培養におけるがん細胞浸潤とT細胞毒性のモニタリング

Significant progress has been made in treating cancer with immunotherapy, although a large number of cancers remain resistant to treatment. A limited ...

フローサイトメトリーによるがん免疫サイクルのモニタリング 

Co-Culture In Vitro Systems to Reproduce the Cancer-Immunity Cycle

Fundamental cancer research and the development of effective counterattack therapies both rely on experimental studies detailing the interactions between cancer and immune cells, the so-called cancer-immunity cycle. In vitro co-culture systems combined with multiparametric flow cytometry (mFC) and tumor-on-a-chip microfluidic devices (ToCs) enable simple, fast, and reliable monitoring and characterization of each step of the cancer-immunity cycle and lead to the identification of the mechanisms responsible for tipping the balance between cancer immunosurveillance and immunoevasion. A thorough understanding of the dynamic interplays between cancer and immune cells provides critical insights to outsmart tumors and will accelerate the pace of therapeutic personalization and optimization in patients. Specifically, here we detail a straightforward mFC- and ToC-assisted protocol for unraveling the dynamic complexities of each step of the cancer-immunity cycle in murine cancer cell lines and mouse-derived immune cells and focus on immunosurveillance. Considering the time- and cost-related features of this protocol, it is certainly feasible on a large scale. Moreover, with minor variations, this protocol can be both adapted to human cancer cell lines and human peripheral-blood-derived immune cells and combined with genetic and/or pharmacologic inhibition of specific pathways in order to identify biomarkers of immune response.

がん-免疫サイクルのモニタリングと腫瘍微小環境動態の探索

Here, we detail a simple, fast, and reliable multiparametric flow cytometry- and tumor-on-a-chip-assisted protocol to monitor and characterize the steps constituting the cancer-immunity cycle. Indeed, a thorough understanding of the interplays between cancer and immune cells provides critical insights to outsmart tumors and guide clinical care.

がん免疫サイクルを再現するためのin vitro共培養システム

Fundamental cancer research and the development of effective counterattack therapies both rely on experimental studies detailing the interactions between ...

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>微生理学的システムを用いた腎がんと健常組織の共培養

Microfluidic Co-culture of Renal Healthy and Tumor Epithelium to Model Kidney Cancer Progression

Microphysiological systems (MPS) have enabled the introduction of more complex and relevant physiological elements into in vitro models, recreating intricate morphological features in three-dimensional environments with dynamic interactions lacking in conventional models. We implemented a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) co-culture model to recreate the cross-talk between healthy and malignant renal tissue. 
This model is based on the referenced multi-organ platform and consists of co-culturing a reconstructed renal proximal tubule with RCC spheroids. Custom-designed 3D-printed chambers were used to culture human renal epithelial proximal tubule cells (RPTEC) and facilitate their self-assembly into a renal tubule contained in a collagen type I matrix. Caki-1 RCC cells were embedded in an agar collagen matrix, subsequently forming cancer spheroids. Both collagen and agar/collagen gels were optimized to maintain their integrity during cyclic perfusion and withstand shear stress during a minimum culture period of 7 days. 
The gels also enable adequate nutrient supply and cell secretions. Moreover, the agar/collagen gels limit the overproliferation of RCC cells, ensuring relatively homogeneous spheroid size. The MPS chip microfluidic circuits comprise two independent culture chambers with the size of a standard 96-microplate well. The renal tubule and RCC gels populate separate chambers and share the same culture media, which is recirculated approximately twice per minute. Under these conditions, we observed upregulation of immune factor expression and secretion in the renal tubules (interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha). The renal tubules also shift their metabolic activity towards glycolysis under the influence of RCC. This novel approach demonstrates that a co-culture-based MPS can amplify the complexity of RCC in vitro and be employed to study the impact of cancer on non-tumor cells.

<meta charset="utf8"></head><body>腎臓癌の進行をモデル化するための腎臓健康と腫瘍上皮のマイクロ流体共培養

Here, we present protocols that detail instructions for implementing 3D cell cultures using collagen and collagen-agarose matrixes in a microphysiological system. These protocols support renal proximal tubule and renal cell carcinoma spheroids co-culture, simulating in vivo conditions and enabling advanced investigation of kidney cancer cell interactions.

腎臓癌の進行をモデル化するための腎臓健康と腫瘍上皮のマイクロ流体共培養

Microphysiological systems (MPS) have enabled the introduction of more complex and relevant physiological elements into in vitro models, recreating ...

濃縮細胞集団を生成し、細胞間コミュニケーションを調べるための簡単な方法：腫瘍微小環境のミミック

要約

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この動画の章

単球と細胞外マトリックスの主要な乳癌細胞間コミュニケーションを分析抽出 (ECME)-ベースの三次元システム

濃縮と確立された皮下マウス腫瘍における腫瘍免疫と免疫のない微小のキャラクタリゼーション

マイクロアレイを用いてがん細胞型に及ぼす微小環境への影響を調知る

肺扁平上皮癌進行をモデル化する多次元共培養システム

3D培養におけるがん細胞浸潤とT細胞毒性のモニタリング

がん免疫サイクルを再現するためのin vitro共培養システム

がん免疫サイクルを再現するためのin vitro共培養システム

がん免疫サイクルを再現するためのin vitro共培養システム

腎臓癌の進行をモデル化するための腎臓健康と腫瘍上皮のマイクロ流体共培養

腎臓癌の進行をモデル化するための腎臓健康と腫瘍上皮のマイクロ流体共培養

濃縮細胞集団を生成し、細胞間コミュニケーションを調べるための簡単​​な方法：腫瘍微小環境のミミック

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

単球と細胞外マトリックスの主要な乳癌細胞間コミュニケーションを分析抽出 (ECME)-ベースの三次元システム

濃縮と確立された皮下マウス腫瘍における腫瘍免疫と免疫のない微小のキャラクタリゼーション

マイクロアレイを用いてがん細胞型に及ぼす微小環境への影響を調知る

肺扁平上皮癌進行をモデル化する多次元共培養システム

3D培養におけるがん細胞浸潤とT細胞毒性のモニタリング

がん免疫サイクルを再現するためのin vitro共培養システム

がん免疫サイクルを再現するためのin vitro共培養システム

がん免疫サイクルを再現するためのin vitro共培養システム

腎臓癌の進行をモデル化するための腎臓健康と腫瘍上皮のマイクロ流体共培養

腎臓癌の進行をモデル化するための腎臓健康と腫瘍上皮のマイクロ流体共培養

濃縮細胞集団を生成し、細胞間コミュニケーションを調べるための簡単な方法：腫瘍微小環境のミミック