<ol><li>変換前の夕方、3 × 10 6セル/ 6 cmの組織cultureplateでプレート293T細胞。 注：私たちは、トランスフェクションとefficacyasウイルス産生細胞の容易さのために293T細胞を使用する。ヘルパープラスミドが導入されていない限り、これらの細胞は、ウイルスのパッケージングに不足しています。 </li><li>最初の朝、穏やかに培地を除去し、4ミリリットル293T細胞MEDは、25mMのクロロキンを含むと交換してください。 1時間インキュベーターに入れ。 注：プレートは、約80％コンフルエントになるはず。 </li><li>一方、5 mlのチューブに、一度に2枚のためにウイルス意思混合物を準備します。 <ol><li> 2 × 10mgのレトロウイルスプラスミド構築</li><li> 2 × 5 mgのパッケージング構造（EcoPak）、 </li><li> 2 × 62ミリリットルのCaCl </li><li>無菌のddH 2 Oで1 mlに完了 注：レトロウイルスプラスミドは、関心とマーカーの癌遺伝子をコードしている間、EcoPakはギャグ- POL - envをコードしている。一緒に293T細胞で、彼らはエコトロピックマウスの細胞に特異的なレトロウイルス（RV）が、ヒト細胞の感染を生成します。クロロキンおよびCaCl 2の両方は、トランスフェクション効率を高めることが示されている。 </li></ol></li><li> 2倍sterileHBS 1mlの軽くチューブをボルテックスしながら、混合物に滴下を追加。 </li><li>すぐに2プレート、1mlのそれぞれにこのソリューションを追加し、穏やかに、ちょぼちょぼ。 </li><li> 7〜11時間インキュベーターに入れ。 </li><li>夕方（7〜11時間以降）で、静かに培地を除去し、非常に穏やかに5 mlの新鮮な293T培地と交換してください。次の日、正午までインキュベーターに入れて。 注：このステップは、細胞からクロロキンを離陸する必要があるとして、重要である。長期間保管する場合、クロロキンは毒性があります。プレートのソリューションは、トランスフェクション混合物の非常に微細な、ほこりのような析出による、ファジーに見える。 注：これは、細胞がクロロキンによって感作されているように、極端な優しさを持つすべてのメディアの変更を行うことが重要である、と簡単にプレートから切り離すことができます。 </li><li>翌日、18〜24時間。 （正午前後）ウイルスを取得する前に、静かに培地を除去し、非常に穏やかに3ミリリットル新鮮293T培地と交換してください。インキュベーターO / Nに置き換える</li><li>第三朝（18〜24時間以降）は、静かに18 Gの針を備えた10mlの注射器で中程度のフォームプレートを吸い上げる。この上清は、レトロウイルスが含まれています。 </li><li> 、45 mmのシリンジフィルターに針を変更し、溶液を混ぜてシリンジを数回反転させ、フィルターを介して上清を渡して、そしてクリオチューブに分注し 注：代わりに、5 0 mlのコニカルチューブにウイルス、プールの3 +板同じウイルスのすべての上清を作っている。フィルタリングすることにより、クリオチューブにレトロウイルスを含むアリコート上清はその後、よく混ぜる。 </li><li>使用するまで含有するチューブは、ウイルスの完全な上清を-80℃に保存されています。 </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>DuBridge, R. B., Tang, P., Hsia, H. C., Leong, P. M., Miller, J. H., Calos, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+mutation+in+human+cells+by+using+an+Epstein-Barr+virus+shuttle+system.">Analysis of mutation in human cells by using an Epstein-Barr virus shuttle system.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 7, 379-387 (1987).</li><li>Cherry, S. R., Biniszkiewicz, D., van Parijs, L., Baltimore, D., Jaenisch, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retroviral+expression+in+embryonic+stem+cells+and+hematopoietic+stem+cells.">Retroviral expression in embryonic stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 20, 7419-7426 (2000).</li><li>Finer, M. H., Dull, T. J., Qin, L., Farson, D., Roberts, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=kat:+A+high-efficiency+retroviral+transduction+system+for+primary+human+T+lymphocytes.">kat: A high-efficiency retroviral transduction system for primary human T lymphocytes.</a> Blood. 83, 43-50 (1994).</li><li>Naviaux, R. K., Costanzi, E., Haas, M., Verma, I. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+pCL+vector+system:+rapid+production+of+helper-free,+high-titer,+recombinant+retroviruses.">The pCL vector system: rapid production of helper-free, high-titer, recombinant retroviruses.</a> J Virol. 70, 5701-5705 (1996).</li><li>Pear, W. S., Miller, J. P., Xu, L., Pui, J. C., Soffer, B., Quackenbush, R. C., Pendergast, A. M., Bronson, R., Aster, J. C., Scott, M. L., Baltimore, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+and+rapid+induction+of+a+chronic+myelogenous+leukemia-like+myeloproliferative+disease+in+mice+receiving+P210+bcr/abl-transduced+bone+marrow.">Efficient and rapid induction of a chronic myelogenous leukemia-like myeloproliferative disease in mice receiving P210 bcr/abl-transduced bone marrow.</a> Blood. 92, 3780-3792 (1998).</li><li>Pear, W. S., Nolan, G. P., Scott, M. L., Baltimore, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+of+high-titer+helper-free+retroviruses+by+transient+transfection.">Production of high-titer helper-free retroviruses by transient transfection.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90, 8392-8396 (1993).</li><li>Stocking, C., Kollek, R., Bergholz, U., Ostertag, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long+terminal+repeat+sequences+impart+hematopoietic+transformation+properties+to+the+myeloproliferative+sarcoma+virus.">Long terminal repeat sequences impart hematopoietic transformation properties to the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 82, 5746-5750 (1985).</li><li>Van Etten, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Models+of+chronic+myeloid+leukemia.">Models of chronic myeloid leukemia.</a> Curr Oncol Rep. 3, 228-237 (2001).</li><li>Van Etten, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Studying+the+pathogenesis+of+BCR-ABL++leukemia+in+mice.">Studying the pathogenesis of BCR-ABL+ leukemia in mice.</a> Oncogene. 21, 8643-8651 (2002).</li></ol>

4つの重要な点は良いのウイ​​ルス株の成功が保証されます。 <ol><li> 293T産生細胞は、それらは非常に定期的に分割されている意味、非常に健康的である必要は草に覆われたことはなかった、と彼らは密度に到達するように、6 cmの組織培養プレートあたり3.5から5000000の最適化された密度でプレーティングされていますプレートの80％のトランスフェクションの朝に。 </li><li>セルlysozomesを安定化...

トランスフェクションに使用されるすべての試薬 ​​は、滅菌濾過になる（CaCl 2を 、2 × HBS、miliQ H 2 O）と無菌保管しなければなりません。

production of replication-defective retrovirus by transient transfection of 293t cells

Bcr - Ablタンパクまたは成長因子受容体由来の癌遺伝子（ZNF198 - FGFR1、BCR -PDGFRα、等）などのがん遺伝子により誘導される私たちの研究室の研究は人間の骨髄増殖性疾患。我々は以前に興味の癌遺伝子を発現するレトロウイルスを感染させた骨髄細胞を移植することにより、私たちのマウスモデルにおける人間のような疾患をモデル化し、勉強することができます。複製欠損レトロウイルスは、ヒトの癌遺伝子をコードするとマーカー（GFP、RFP、抗生物質耐性遺伝子など）は、293T細胞を用いた一過性トランスフェクションプロトコル、アデノウイルスE1A遺伝子産物で形質転換ヒト腎上皮細胞株によって産生される。 293細胞は容易に達成可能な最大50-80％のトランスフェクション効率と、リン酸カルシウム（CAPO 4）による高transfectableという異常な性質を持っている。ここで、我々はそのような単一ゲノムのパッケージングは​​、プラスミドEcoPakこのケースでは、KATまたはPCLを構築する。のようなギャグ- POL - env​​の包装の機能を、表現する関心の癌遺伝子の発現レトロウイルスベクターとプラスミドとの293細胞トランスフェクションのCO最初のトランスフェクションは、さらにクロロキンの使用により改善される。エコトロピックウイルスの株は、培養上清48時間として収集。トランスフェクション後、-80℃で保存し、変換の観点及びin vitro試験セルの行、またはそのようなし私たちのマウスモデルで移植に使用できるマウスの骨髄細胞などの初代培養細胞の感染に使用することができる。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Production of Replication-Defective Retrovirus by Transient Transfection of 293T cells at JoVE.com

自然選択 |生物学ビデオコレクション

Production of Replication-Defective Retrovirus by Transient Transfection of 293T cells

この手法は、人間の癌遺伝子をコードし、その後マウスモデルにおける骨髄増殖性疾患の誘発に使用される。複製欠損レトロウイルス株を準備する効率的な方法を示します

293T細胞の一過性トランスフェクションにより、複製欠損レトロウイルスの生産

Our lab studies human myeloproliferative diseases induced by such oncogenes as Bcr-Abl or growth factor receptor-derived oncogenes (ZNF198-FGFR1, ...

production-replication-defective-retrovirus-transient-transfection

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JoVE Journal

Biology

19.5K ビュー.  Tufts University. この手法は、人間の癌遺伝子をコードし、その後マウスモデルにおける骨髄増殖性疾患の誘発に使用される。複製欠損レトロウイルス株を準備する効率的な方法を示します

ビデオ: Production of Replication-Defective Retrovirus by Transient Transfection of 293T cells

Optimized Transfection Strategy for Expression and Electrophysiological Recording of Recombinant Voltage-Gated Ion Channels in HEK-293T Cells

The in vitro expression and electrophysiological recording of recombinant voltage-gated ion channels in cultured human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293T) is a ubiquitous research strategy. HEK-293T cells must be plated onto glass coverslips at low enough density so that they are not in contact with each other in order to allow for electrophysiological recording without confounding effects due to contact with adjacent cells. Transfected channels must also express with high efficiency at the plasma membrane for whole-cell patch clamp recording of detectable currents above noise levels. Heterologous ion channels often require long incubation periods at 28&deg;C after transfection in order to achieve adequate membrane expression, but there are increasing losses of cell-coverslip adhesion and membrane stability at this temperature. To circumvent this problem, we developed an optimized strategy to transfect and plate HEK-293T cells. This method requires that cells be transfected at a relatively high confluency, and incubated at 28&deg;C for varying incubation periods post-transfection to allow for adequate ion channel protein expression. Transfected cells are then plated onto glass coverslips and incubated at 37&deg;C for several hours, which allows for rigid cell attachment to the coverslips and membrane restabilization. Cells can be recorded shortly after plating, or can be transferred to 28&deg;C for further incubation. We find that the initial incubation at 28&deg;C, after transfection but before plating, is key for the efficient expression of heterologous ion channels that normally do not express well at the plasma membrane. Positively transfected, cultured cells are identified by co-expressed eGFP or eGFP expressed from a bicistronic vector (e.g. pIRES2-EGFP) containing the recombinant ion channel cDNA just upstream of an internal ribosome entry site and an eGFP coding sequence. Whole-cell patch clamp recording requires specialized equipment, plus the crafting of polished recording electrodes and L-shaped ground electrodes from borosilicate glass. Drug delivery to study the pharmacology of ion channels can be achieved by directly micropipetting drugs into the recording dish, or by using microperfusion or gravity flow systems that produce uninterrupted streams of drug solution over recorded cells.

Reliable method for highly efficient in vitro expression and subsequent electrophysiological recording of recombinant voltage-gated ion channels in cultured human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293T).

発現とHEK - 293T細胞における組換え電位依存性イオンチャネルの電気生理学的記録用に最適化されたトランスフェクション戦略

The in vitro expression and electrophysiological recording of recombinant voltage-gated ion channels in cultured human embryonic kidney cells (HEK-293T) ...

生物学

Optimization and Utilization of Agrobacterium-mediated Transient Protein Production in Nicotiana

Agrobacterium-mediated transient protein production in plants is a promising approach to produce vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins within a short period of time. However, this technology is only just beginning to be applied to large-scale production as many technological obstacles to scale up are now being overcome. Here, we demonstrate a simple and reproducible method for industrial-scale transient protein production based on vacuum infiltration of Nicotiana plants with Agrobacteria carrying launch vectors. Optimization of Agrobacterium cultivation in AB medium allows direct dilution of the bacterial culture in Milli-Q water, simplifying the infiltration process. Among three tested species of Nicotiana, N. excelsiana (N. benthamiana &#215; N. excelsior) was selected as the most promising host due to the ease of infiltration, high level of reporter protein production, and about two-fold higher biomass production under controlled environmental conditions. Induction of Agrobacterium harboring pBID4-GFP (Tobacco mosaic virus-based) using chemicals such as acetosyringone and monosaccharide had no effect on the protein production level. Infiltrating plant under 50 to 100 mbar for 30 or 60 sec resulted in about 95% infiltration of plant leaf tissues. Infiltration with Agrobacterium laboratory strain GV3101 showed the highest protein production compared to Agrobacteria laboratory strains LBA4404 and C58C1 and wild-type Agrobacteria strains at6, at10, at77 and A4. Co-expression of a viral RNA silencing suppressor, p23 or p19, in N. benthamiana resulted in earlier accumulation and increased production (15-25%) of target protein (influenza virus hemagglutinin).

Optimization and Utilization of Agrobacterium-mediated Transient Protein Production in Nicotiana

Transient protein production in Nicotiana plants based on vacuum infiltration with Agrobacteria carrying launch vectors (Tobacco mosaic virus-based) is a rapid and economic approach to produce vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins. We simplified the procedure and improved target accumulation by optimizing conditions of bacteria cultivation, selecting host species, and co-introducing RNA silencing suppressors.

最適化と利用の<em&gt;アグロバクテリウム</em中&gt;媒介一過性タンパク質産生<em&gt;タバコ</em

Agrobacterium-mediated transient protein production in plants is a promising approach to produce vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins within a short ...

Transient Expression of Proteins by Hydrodynamic Gene Delivery in Mice

Efficient expression of transgenes in vivo is of critical importance in studying gene function and developing treatments for diseases. Over the past years, hydrodynamic gene delivery (HGD) has emerged as a simple, fast, safe and effective method for delivering transgenes into rodents. This technique relies on the force generated by the rapid injection of a large volume of physiological solution to increase the permeability of cell membranes of perfused organs and thus deliver DNA into cells. One of the main advantages of HGD is the ability to introduce transgenes into mammalian cells using naked plasmid DNA (pDNA). Introducing an exogenous gene using a plasmid is minimally laborious, highly efficient and, contrary to viral carriers, remarkably safe. HGD was initially used to deliver genes into mice, it is now used to deliver a wide range of substances, including oligonucleotides, artificial chromosomes, RNA, proteins and small molecules into mice, rats and, to a limited degree, other animals. This protocol describes HGD in mice and focuses on three key aspects of the method that are critical to performing the procedure successfully: correct insertion of the needle into the vein, the volume of injection and the speed of delivery. Examples are given to show the application of this method to the transient expression of two genes that encode secreted, primate-specific proteins, apolipoprotein L-I (APOL-I) and haptoglobin-related protein (HPR).

In vivo transfection of naked DNA by hydrodynamic gene delivery introduces genes into the tissue of an animal with minimal inflammatory response. Sufficient amounts of gene product are generated such that gene function and regulation as well as protein structure and function can be analyzed.

マウスにおける流体力学的遺伝子送達によるタンパク質の一過性発現

Efficient expression of transgenes in vivo is of critical importance in studying gene function and developing treatments for diseases. Over the past ...

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain the turnover of all mature blood cell lineages. The coordination of the complex signals leading to specific HSC fates relies upon the interaction between HSCs and the intricate bone marrow microenvironment, which is still poorly understood[1-2].
We describe how by combining a newly developed specimen holder for stable animal positioning with multi-step confocal and two-photon in vivo imaging techniques, it is possible to obtain high-resolution 3D stacks containing HSPCs and their surrounding niches and to monitor them over time through multi-point time-lapse imaging. High definition imaging allows detecting ex vivo labeled hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) residing within the bone marrow. Moreover, multi-point time-lapse 3D imaging, obtained with faster acquisition settings, provides accurate information about HSPC movement and the reciprocal interactions between HSPCs and stroma cells.
Tracking of HSPCs in relation to GFP positive osteoblastic cells is shown as an exemplary application of this method. This technique can be utilized to track any appropriately labeled hematopoietic or stromal cell of interest within the mouse calvarium bone marrow space.

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

The nature of the interactions between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and bone marrow niches is poorly understood. Custom hardware modifications and a multi-step acquisition protocol allow the use of two-photon and confocal microscopy to image ex vivo labeled HSPCs homed within bone marrow areas, tracking interactions and movement.

成体マウス頭蓋冠骨髄中の造血幹細胞および前駆細胞のin vivo 4次元トラッキングで

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ...

Production of Haploid Zebrafish Embryos by In Vitro Fertilization

The zebrafish has become a mainstream vertebrate model that is relevant for many disciplines of scientific study. Zebrafish are especially well suited for forward genetic analysis of developmental processes due to their external fertilization, embryonic size, rapid ontogeny, and optical clarity &#8211; a constellation of traits that enable the direct observation of events ranging from gastrulation to organogenesis with a basic stereomicroscope. Further, zebrafish embryos can survive for several days in the haploid state. The production of haploid embryos in vitro is a powerful tool for mutational analysis, as it enables the identification of recessive mutant alleles present in first generation (F1) female carriers following mutagenesis in the parental (P) generation. This approach eliminates the necessity to raise multiple generations (F2, F3, etc.) which involves breeding of mutant families, thus saving the researcher time along with reducing the needs for zebrafish colony space, labor, and the husbandry costs. Although zebrafish have been used to conduct forward screens for the past several decades, there has been a steady expansion of transgenic and genome editing tools. These tools now offer a plethora of ways to create nuanced assays for next generation screens that can be used to further dissect the gene regulatory networks that drive vertebrate ontogeny. Here, we describe how to prepare haploid zebrafish embryos. This protocol can be implemented for novel future haploid screens, such as in enhancer and suppressor screens, to address the mechanisms of development for a broad number of processes and tissues that form during early embryonic stages.

Production of Haploid Zebrafish Embryos by In Vitro Fertilization

The zebrafish is a powerful model system for developmental biology and human disease research due to their genetic similarity with higher vertebrates. This protocol describes a methodology to create haploid zebrafish embryos that can be utilized for forward screen strategies to identify recessive mutations in genes essential for early embryogenesis.

半数ゼブラフィッシュ胚の生成により<em&gt;体外</em&gt;受精

The zebrafish has become a mainstream vertebrate model that is relevant for many disciplines of scientific study. Zebrafish are especially well suited for ...

High Yield Expression of Recombinant Human Proteins with the Transient Transfection of HEK293 Cells in Suspension

The art of producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications represents a major challenge for studies of structure and function. The rapid establishment and high recovery from transiently-transfected mammalian cell lines addresses this barrier and is an effective means of expressing proteins that are naturally channeled through the ER and Golgi-mediated secretory pathway. Here is one protocol for protein expression using the human HEK293F and HEK293S cell lines transfected with a mammalian expression vector designed for high protein yields. The applicability of this system is demonstrated using three representative glycoproteins that expressed with yields between 95-120 mg of purified protein recovered per liter of culture. These proteins are the human Fc&#947;RIIIa and the rat &#945;2-6 sialyltransferase, ST6GalI, both expressed with an N-terminal GFP fusion, as well as the unmodified human immunoglobulin G1 Fc. This robust system utilizes a serum-free medium that is adaptable for expression of isotopically enriched proteins and carbohydrates for structural studies using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the composition of the N-glycan can be tuned by adding a small molecule to prevent certain glycan modifications in a manner that does not reduce yield.

Laboratory-scale production of eukaryotic proteins with appropriate post-translational modification represents a significant barrier. Here is a robust protocol with rapid establishment and turnaround for protein expression using a mammalian expression system. This system supports selective amino acid, selective labeling of proteins and small molecule modulators of glycan composition.

懸濁液中のHEK293細胞の一過性トランスフェクションによる組換えヒトタンパ​​ク質のハイ・イールド式

The art of producing recombinant proteins with complex post-translational modifications represents a major challenge for studies of structure and ...

Transient Expression and Cellular Localization of Recombinant Proteins in Cultured Insect Cells

Heterologous protein expression systems are used for the production of recombinant proteins, the interpretation of cellular trafficking/localization, and the determination of the biochemical function of proteins at the sub-organismal level. Although baculovirus expression systems are increasingly used for protein production in numerous biotechnological, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications, nonlytic systems that do not involve viral infection have clear benefits but are often overlooked and underutilized. Here, we describe a method for generating nonlytic expression vectors and transient recombinant protein expression. This protocol allows for the efficient cellular localization of recombinant proteins and can be used to rapidly discern protein trafficking within the cell. We show the expression of four&#160;recombinant proteins in a commercially available insect cell line, including two aquaporin proteins from the insect Bemisia tabaci, as well as subcellular marker proteins specific for the cell plasma membrane and for intracellular lysosomes. All recombinant proteins were produced as chimeras with fluorescent protein markers at their carboxyl termini, which allows for the direct detection of the recombinant proteins. The double transfection of cells with plasmids harboring constructs for the genes of interest and a known subcellular marker allows for live cell imaging and improved validation of cellular protein localization.

Nonlytic insect cell expression systems are underutilized for production, cellular trafficking/localization, and recombinant protein functional analysis. Here, we describe methods to generate expression vectors and subsequent transient protein expression in commercially available lepidopteran cell lines. The co-localization of Bemisia tabaci aquaporins with subcellular fluorescent marker proteins is also presented.

培養昆虫細胞における一過性発現および組換えタンパク質の細胞内局在

Heterologous protein expression systems are used for the production of recombinant proteins, the interpretation of cellular trafficking/localization, and ...

ニワトリレンズ開発におけるタンパク質発現の研究

Microinjection of Recombinant RCAS(A) Retrovirus into Embryonic Chicken Lens

Embryonic chicken (Gallus domesticus) is a well-established animal model for the study of lens development and physiology, given its high degree of similarity with the human lens. RCAS(A) is a replication-competent chicken retrovirus that infects dividing cells, which serves as a powerful tool to study the in situ expression and function of wild-type and mutant proteins during lens development by microinjection into the empty lumen of lens vesicle at early developmental stages, restricting its action to surrounding proliferating lens cells. Compared to other approaches, such as transgenic models and ex vivo cultures, the use of an RCAS(A) replication-competent avian retrovirus provides a highly effective, rapid, and customizable system to express exogenous proteins in chick embryos. Specifically, targeted gene transfer can be confined to proliferative lens fiber cells without the need for tissue-specific promoters. In this article, we will briefly overview the steps needed for recombinant retrovirus RCAS(A) preparation, provide a detailed, comprehensive overview of the microinjection procedure, and provide sample results of the technique.

著者スポットライト:ニワトリ胚水晶体におけるRCAS(A)レトロウイルスのマイクロインジェクションによる水晶体の発生と機能の調査 

This protocol paper describes the methodology of embryonic chicken lens microinjection of an RCAS(A) retrovirus as a tool for studying in situ function and expression of proteins during lens development.

組換えRCAS(A)レトロウイルスのニワトリ胚水晶体へのマイクロインジェクション

Embryonic chicken (Gallus domesticus) is a well-established animal model for the study of lens development and physiology, given its high degree of ...