著者は、部門のメディア サポート サービス、メイヨー クリニック ロチェスター, ミネソタ ビデオ生産のためだけでなく、ビデオの編集のゲオルギオス ・ Kotsougianis をありがとうございます。優秀な作品は、ジム Postier、ロチェスター、ミネソタによって実施されました。さらに、著者ら感謝したいドイツの研究基礎 (ドイツ研究振興協会) 博士 Dimitra Kotsougiani の給与サポートを提供するため (DFG グラント: KO 4903/1-1)。この作品は、タレク E. Obaid から寛大な贈り物によって支えられました。この作品は、部の整形外科手術メイヨー クリニック ロチェスター, ミネソタ血管研究所で行われました。

研究機関動物ケアおよび使用委員会 (IACUC) メイヨー クリニック ・ ロチェスターの承認されました。ユカタン ミニチュア豚をこの VCA の手術中にドナーとレシピエントの両方として提供していた。ドナーとレシピエントのペアリングは、DNA シーケンス豚白血球抗原 (SLA) Sla 22,23の主要な不一致を確保するため haplotyping に基づいていた。動物は加齢による体重推移と同じ血液型だった2 つの外科チームは、同時にドナーからの栄養血管を持つ豚脛骨骨セグメントを収穫し、orthopically に配置された脛骨骨セグメントを受信する受信者を準備します。同時に骨の栄養血管の微小血管の修復、受信者から派生した動静脈バンドルは、自家血管新生に対して脛骨セグメント内に置かれました。
1. 術前準備
<ol><li>ユカタン ミニチュア豚の手続きの前に日を高速かつ制御された薬剤の管理のそれらの重量を量る。</li>
	<li>皮下投与のキシラジン (2 mg/kg) と塩酸チレタミンと塩酸 (5 mg/kg)、チレタミンの組み合わせで落ち着いた動物。</li>
	<li>静脈内の薬剤と生理食塩水の配達のための耳静脈の末梢カテーテルを置き、ブプレノルフィン (0.18 mg/kg) および予防的抗生物質 (1 g セファドロキシル 5 mg/kg の静脈内投与とセフチオフル筋肉) を管理します。</li>
	<li>右後肢とそれぞれ血管脛骨骨セグメントと中心静脈カテーテルの配置のためのサイトが収穫サイトを務める左首のひげをそる。</li>
	<li>口の筋肉の緩和をテストすることによって、バイタル サインと鎮静のレベルを確認します。</li>
	<li>胸骨の横臥24で適切なサイズの気管内チューブを持つ動物を挿管します。</li>
	<li>操作テーブルにミニチュア豚を転送、イソフルラン (1-3%) を投与することによって麻酔の維持のための人工呼吸器マシンに接続します。</li>
	<li>眼瞼、瞳孔の光と角膜反射をテストすることによって麻酔の深さを確認します。</li>
	<li>耳に接続されているパルス酸素濃度計・ トランス ミッション プローブと酸素飽和度を監視します。術中のバイタル サインを監視するため血圧カフと温度プローブを使用します。</li>
	<li>地球温暖化パッドの上に仰臥位にユカタン ミニチュア豚を配置します。また、低体温症を防ぐために操作中に強制的に空気地球温暖化ブランケットを使用します。</li>
	<li>麻酔中の乾燥を防ぐための目に獣医軟膏を使用します。</li>
</ol>2. 血管の脛骨骨セグメントの収穫
<ol><li>各ミニチュア豚のポビドン ヨード溶液の右脚を洗います。滅菌タオルで皮膚の乾燥し、滅菌方法の極みをおいましょう。包む、汚染のリスクを最小限に抑えるヨウ素含浸接着剤切開ドレープと手足を隔離します。</li>
	<li>遠位脛関節する脛骨の前方の尾根に沿って延びる膝関節から始まる、後肢でメスの前外側の切開を実行します。</li>
	<li>はさみで皮膚や皮下組織を解剖および脛骨から前部コンパートメントの筋肉を横方向に後退します。 注: 前脛骨筋起源のリリースの露出を促進します。骨間膜が表示されます。</li>
	<li>頭蓋の脛骨動脈を特定し、(後で手術の血管新生の動静脈のバンドルとして使用する) に静脈。 注: 頭蓋脛骨動脈と静脈は骨間膜の前面にあります。</li>
	<li>手術視野を向上させるため、一部挿入から前脛骨筋から、振動の鋸を使用して脛骨の中央海嶺の一部を取り外します。</li>
	<li>頭蓋の脛骨の船舶の保護、ハサミで脛骨結節のレベルで骨間膜初めを切開します。</li>
	<li>膜の下に遠位実行中尾の脛骨血管を可視化します。 注: 彼らは頭蓋の脛骨の血管から分岐し、結節のすぐ遠位脛骨骨幹の栄養茎を生じさせる。今、栄養孔と脛骨結節のすぐ遠位後方外側表面に脛骨に入る船舶を視覚化することが可能です。</li>
	<li>タグの microclamp と栄養茎です。血管茎を切断しないでください。</li>
	<li>栄養孔; 近くの脛骨の前方コンパートメントに筋枝を識別します。これは、血管柄付き骨 allotransplant の栄養血管を吻合に使用可能性があります。Microclamp、筋枝をマークします。</li>
	<li>
血管茎を含む 3.5 cm 脛骨骨セグメントの収穫。
	<ol>
<li>切削治具を使用すると、正確かつ再現可能な骨切除します。位置と修正切断栄養孔、血管など、脛骨の内側面にジグを使った.<ol>
<li>治具に導かれ、3.5 cm 脛骨セグメントを削除する振動見た平行骨カットを実行します。サイズと形状一致を最大化するために同じ位置とドナーと受信者の動物用治具を使用します。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>振動見た両方のカットを行った後、後部の表面の栄養茎を視覚化する脛骨骨セグメントを回転させます。その原点に頭蓋の脛骨動脈から栄養茎をハサミで分割します。解剖し、脛骨のセグメントをはさみ、その表面に骨膜や筋肉の薄いカフを残して無料です。</li>
	<li>脛骨骨セグメントを撤回し、場所で頭蓋の脛骨動脈を残して、鋭いクランプとその血管茎と脛骨骨セグメントを昇格します。 メモ: 血管柄付き骨セグメント、微小血管の転送の準備ができて、各ユカタン ミニチュア豚の 3.5 cm 脛骨骨欠損を作成されています。</li>
	<li>3-0 縫合糸、動静脈 (AV) バンドルを作成する血管周囲組織のカフでそれらを解放吸収 polyglactin と足首で頭蓋脛骨血管を縛る。脛骨骨セグメントへの注入を容易にするため縫合、少なくとも 5 cm の長さを残す。</li>
</ol>3. 同所性同種脛骨骨 VCA 再建外科的血管新生との組み合わせで
<ol><li>
その栄養椎 Vca を骨としてそれらを使用する 2 つの動物の間で収穫された脛骨骨セグメントを交換します。
	<ol>
<li>脛骨骨セグメントに頭蓋脛骨動静脈 (AV) バンドルの通過を許可するには、V 字型の振動の鋸を使用して近位ジャンクション サイトからセグメントを削除します。</li>
		<li>脛骨骨セグメントの髄腔に脛骨骨欠損サイトの遠位部分に 0.5 cm の直径の穴をドリルし、後続を促進する intramedullary の運河に遠位、縛られた受信者 AV バンドルを紹介自家新しい血液供給.</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
受信者の欠陥に血管の脛骨骨セグメントがんを配置します。
	<ol>
<li>簡単な縫合テクニックと 9-0 縫合糸25を使用して終了する終了方法で脛骨の前方コンパートメントの準備筋枝に脛骨骨セグメントの栄養茎を吻合します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>搾乳テスト26を用いた微小血管吻合部の開存を確認します。</li>
	<li>
ロッキング プレート 9 穴 3.5 ミリメートルを使用して骨を実現します。
	<ol>
<li>前脛骨内側方向に 9 穴プレートを配置します。上と下の脛骨骨セグメント 3 bicortical 本のネジでプレートを固定します。さらに、内部固定用脛骨骨セグメントで unicortical ネジを配置します。確認するには、正しい骨の位置決め VCA とプレート、使用前後と側面写真。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>筋膜を実行し、3-0、2-0 の吸収性縫合糸を中断層皮膚閉鎖を使用しています。最後にシールの密封透明ドレッシングと傷。</li>
</ol>4. 中心静脈カテーテル外頸静脈の静脈内
<ol><li>
術後の投薬と免疫 (IS) 薬物レベル監視、オープン技術を用いた外頚静脈に静脈カテーテルを配置します。(参照 1) 麻酔下で移植手順の結論に配置を実行します。
	<ol>
<li>メスで首の前外側切開を実行します。はさみで皮下組織を解剖し、左頸静脈を公開します。</li>
		<li>外頸静脈の小さな穴から頚静脈に Hickman カテーテルを置き、非吸収性縫合糸で固定します。背中にカテーテルを皮下トンネルによる外在します。</li>
		<li>皮膚にカテーテルを固定し、すぐを使用してレイヤーの首は 3-0、2-0 の吸収性縫合糸を中断します。</li>
		<li>閉塞性包帯を切開にかぶせます。代わりに、包帯とカテーテルを保持するのにフィッシュ ネット包帯を使用します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>5. 術後の治療とフォロー アップ
<ol><li>術後すぐに術後鎮痛に対するカルプロフェン (4 mg/kg の筋肉内注射とユカタン ミニチュア豚を治療します。必要に応じて、高強度の痛みを治療するためにブプレノルフィン (0.18 mg/kg) を管理します。</li>
	<li>60 分回復し、豚に戻ります特別集中治療室パンとモニター密接に完全な復旧までに豚を許可します。</li>
	<li>ユカタン ミニチュア豚の通常へケージ、水や食料をアドリブのアクセスを移動します。</li>
	<li>タクロリムスを管理 (0.8 〜 1.5 mg/kg/日) とミコフェノール酸モフェチル (MMF) (50-70 mg/kg/日) 経口とコハク酸メチルプレドニゾロン ナトリウム静脈内 (500 mg/日から開始) 2 週間。</li>
	<li>5.0 30.0 ng/mL を目指して、トラフ血中濃度によると免疫抑制薬の投与を調整タクロリムスと 1.0 3.5 μ g/mL MMF、それぞれ。50 mg/日の維持量に到達するまでは、ステロイドの投与量を徐々 に減らします。</li>
	<li>予防的な抗生物質のゲンタマイシンを管理 (3 mg/kg 静脈内投与) とセフチオフル (5 mg/kg 筋肉内) 2 週間。</li>
</ol>

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E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=General+handling+and+anesthesia+for+experimental+surgery+in+pigs.">General handling and anesthesia for experimental surgery in pigs.</a> J Surg Res. 130, 73-79 (2006).</li><li>Alghoul, M. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+simple+interrupted+to+complex+spiral:+a+systematic+review+of+various+suture+techniques+for+microvascular+anastomoses.">From simple interrupted to complex spiral: a systematic review of various suture techniques for microvascular anastomoses.</a> Microsurgery. 31, 72-80 (2011).</li><li>Acland, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Signs+of+patency+in+small+vessel+anastomosis.">Signs of patency in small vessel anastomosis.</a> Surgery. 72, 744-748 (1972).</li><li>Kotsougiani, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recipient-derived+angiogenesis+with+short+term+immunosuppression+increases+bone+remodeling+in+bone+vascularized+composite+allotransplantation:+A+pilot+study+in+a+swine+tibial+defect+model.">Recipient-derived angiogenesis with short term immunosuppression increases bone remodeling in bone vascularized composite allotransplantation: A pilot study in a swine tibial defect model.</a> J Orthopaedic Res. , (2016).</li><li>Riegger, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+assessment+of+bone+defect+healing+by+multidetector+CT+in+a+pig+model.">Quantitative assessment of bone defect healing by multidetector CT in a pig model.</a> Skeletal Radiol. 41, 531-537 (2012).</li><li>Buttemeyer, R., Jones, N. F., Min, Z., Rao, U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rejection+of+the+component+tissues+of+limb+allografts+in+rats+immunosuppressed+with+FK-506+and+cyclosporine.">Rejection of the component tissues of limb allografts in rats immunosuppressed with FK-506 and cyclosporine.</a> Plast Reconstr Surg. 97, 149-151 (1996).</li><li>Taira, H., Moreno, J., Ripalda, P., Forriol, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radiological+and+histological+analysis+of+cortical+allografts:+an+experimental+study+in+sheep+femora.">Radiological and histological analysis of cortical allografts: an experimental study in sheep femora.</a> Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 124, 320-325 (2004).</li><li>Giessler, G. A., Zobitz, M., Friedrich, P. F., Bishop, A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplantation+of+a+vascularized+rabbit+femoral+diaphyseal+segment:+mechanical+and+histologic+properties+of+a+new+living+bone+transplantation+model.">Transplantation of a vascularized rabbit femoral diaphyseal segment: mechanical and histologic properties of a new living bone transplantation model.</a> Microsurgery. 28, 291-299 (2008).</li><li>Laiblin, C., Jaeschke, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+chemistry+examinations+of+bone+and+muscle+metabolism+under+stress+in+the+Gottingen+miniature+pig--an+experimental+study.">Clinical chemistry examinations of bone and muscle metabolism under stress in the Gottingen miniature pig--an experimental study.</a> Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift. 92, 124-128 (1979).</li><li>Saalmuller, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+swine+leukocyte+differentiation+antigens.">Characterization of swine leukocyte differentiation antigens.</a> Immunol Today. 17, 352-354 (1996).</li><li>Pelzer, M., Larsen, M., Friedrich, P. F., Aleff, R. A., Bishop, A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repopulation+of+vascularized+bone+allotransplants+with+recipient-derived+cells:+detection+by+laser+capture+microdissection+and+real-time+PCR.">Repopulation of vascularized bone allotransplants with recipient-derived cells: detection by laser capture microdissection and real-time PCR.</a> J Orthopaedic Res. 27, 1514-1520 (2009).</li><li>Muramatsu, K., Kurokawa, Y., Kuriyama, R., Taguchi, T., Bishop, A. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gradual+graft-cell+repopulation+with+recipient+cells+following+vascularized+bone+and+limb+allotransplantation.">Gradual graft-cell repopulation with recipient cells following vascularized bone and limb allotransplantation.</a> Microsurgery. 25, 599-605 (2005).</li><li>Muramatsu, K., Bishop, A. T., Sunagawa, T., Valenzuela, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fate+of+donor+cells+in+vascularized+bone+grafts:+identification+of+systemic+chimerism+by+the+polymerase+chain+reaction.">Fate of donor cells in vascularized bone grafts: identification of systemic chimerism by the polymerase chain reaction.</a> Plastic and reconstructive surgery. 111, 763-777 (2003).</li><li>Vossen, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bone+quality+and+healing+in+a+swine+vascularized+bone+allotransplantation+model+using+cyclosporine-based+immunosuppression+therapy.">Bone quality and healing in a swine vascularized bone allotransplantation model using cyclosporine-based immunosuppression therapy.</a> Plast Reconstr Surg. 115, 529-538 (2005).</li><li>Lee, W. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Relative+antigenicity+of+components+of+a+vascularized+limb+allograft.">Relative antigenicity of components of a vascularized limb allograft.</a> Plast Reconstr Surg. 87, 401-411 (1991).</li></ol>

著者は、彼らは競合する金銭的な利益があることを宣言します。

血管柄付き骨 (骨 VCA) の移植は、大きな骨欠損のため将来の再建オプションを表します。しかし、長期的免疫 (IS) の必要性と骨 VCA サバイバルに必要な重要な副作用は、これら損害クリティカルなアプリケーション6に正当化しにくい。
実験用ラットの近交系は、長期的免疫の回避のための様々 なアプローチをテストする移植研究で広く使用されている?...

悪性腫瘍後の外傷、感染症や四肢温存手術から大きな骨欠損の結果します。遊離自家骨移植術、骨輸送、補綴の置換、および凍結壊死移植など現在の再建オプション単独で使用または組み合わせで、重大な合併症に関連付けられているし、の高いレートを持っています。合併症1,2,3。
微小血管ネットワークの存在は、形成と骨、骨を支える、軟骨、骨修復4に必要な間葉系幹細胞の恒常性に不可欠です。
生きている同種骨、血管柄付き複合組織移植 (骨 VCA)、その栄養茎部の微少吻合術でのフォームの移植は、将来再建の代替を表すかもしれない。凍結保存同種骨のような当面の安定性は骨欠損形態と密接に一致するによって提供されます。自家遊離移植のような高められた治療と生活の改造を提供します骨組織。Allotransplant プロシージャの障害長期的免疫 (IS) の必要性のまま。問題は臓器移植5よりも 2-3 倍大きい薬剤の投与量を必要とする筋骨格系組織でより激しいです。臓器毒性、悪性腫瘍、感染症や移植片対宿主病の開発を含む併用のリスクは、これらの重要なアプリケーションの損害の6で正当化することは困難。ただし、急性および慢性拒絶反応のエピソードでは、現在長期は7の主要な問題が残っています。密接に主要組織適合抗原の一致ドナー固有寛容を誘導するや薬物療法を改善するための努力はまだ日常的に成功していない臨床薬物のない組織生存8,9を許可します。
我々 は以前骨 VCA 生存率を維持し、骨移植骨内の新しい自己循環の促進による小動物モデルの再構築を強化するための手段を示しています。これは注入自家組織10、11,12から外科的血管新生の追加の使用によってされます。同種骨セグメントは培養骨セグメント椎の吻合で microsurgically に移植しました。さらに宿主由来の血管は血管柄付き骨セグメントの髄腔に注入しました。この 2 週間の過程で免疫抑制薬と同種の栄養血管の開存性は維持されます。後は撤退、栄養茎が最終的に thrombose13。宿主由来血管に基づく新しい毛細血管は、組織の実行可能性を維持するために十分な循環を提供します。骨から骨治癒と改造が強化され、血管新生、結合10、11,12。さらに免疫療法は不要で、骨性を免疫学的に有能なホストとドナー固有耐性の欠如にもかかわらず長期間維持します。
この臨床実習に骨移植法の翻訳は最高癒し、機械のプロパティおよび大動物モデルの免疫学の研究によって先行されなければなりません。ブタのモデルは、このような当社研究14,15,16に最適です。ミニチュア豚は男は、本質的に同じ外科インプラントおよびテクニックを使用して骨格の復元を許可するサイズと解剖学で対等であります。豚免疫がよく定義されている豚白血球抗原 (SLA) ハプロタイプと移植手術に必要な血液型を含みます。細胞系譜の研究は、免疫応答17,18,19,20,21の詳細な分析は、セックスの不一致移植で可能です。
ここでは、復興と分節骨の勉強に向いている、ユカタン ミニチュア豚の骨 VCA 移植モデルをについて説明します。このモデルは、手術における血管新生の相互作用を調査する使用ことができ、骨 VCA 生存の短期は、骨細胞系統を含む、関数骨血流癒しと容量、alloresponsiveness と同様にバイオメカニクスを改造その他の革新的な免疫変調の戦略をテストします。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="812">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Xylazine</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">VetTek, Bluesprings, MO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">2mg/kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Telazol</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Pfizer Inc., NY, NY</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">2103</td>
			<td>5mg/kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Buprenorphine</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Zoo Pharm, Windsor, CO</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>0.18mg/kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Cefazoline</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Hospira, Lake Forest, IL</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RL-4539</td>
			<td>1g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ethilon sutures</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Ethicon, Sommerville, NJ</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BV 130-5</td>
			<td>9-0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Locking plate</td>
			<td>DePuy Synthes Vet, West Chester, PA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">VP4041.09</td>
			<td>9-hole 3.5mm locking plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Vicryl sutures</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Ethicon, Sommerville, NJ</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">J808T</td>
			<td>2-0, 3-0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Tegaderm</td>
			<td>3M Health Care, St. Paul, MN&#160;</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">16006</td>
			<td>15x10cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Hickman catheter</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Bard Access System Inc., Salt Lake City, UT</td>
			<td align="right">600560</td>
			<td>9.6 French</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Carprofen</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Zoetis Inc., Kalamazoo, MI</td>
			<td>1760R-60-06-759</td>
			<td>4mg/kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Tacrolimus</td>
			<td>Sandoz Inc., Princeton, NJ&#160;</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">973975</td>
			<td>(0.8-1.5mg/kg/day)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Mycophenolate Mofetil&#160;</td>
			<td>Sandoz Inc., Princeton, NJ&#160;</td>
			<td align="right">772212</td>
			<td>(50-70mg/kg/day)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Methylprednisolone sodium succinate</td>
			<td>Pfizer Inc., NY, NY</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2375-03-0</td>
			<td>500 mg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Gentamicin</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Sparhawk Laboratories, Lenexa, KS</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1405-41-0</td>
			<td>3mg/kg&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Dermabond Prineo</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Ethicon, San Lorenzo, Puerto Rico</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">6510-01-6140050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Isoflurane 99.9% 250 ml</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Abbott Animal&#160; Health&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">05260-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Lactated Ringer&#39;s 1L</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Baxter Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">JB1064</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Saline 0.9%, 1 L</td>
			<td>Baxter Corporation</td>
			<td align="right">60208</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ceftiofur</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Pfizer Canada Inc.</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">11103</td>
			<td>5mg/kg</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Microfil</td>
			<td>Flow Tech Inc, Carver, MA</td>
			<td>MV-122</td>
			<td>125 ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Decalcifying Solution</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific, Chesire, WA, UK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8340-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

surgical angiogenesis in porcine tibial allotransplantation: a new large animal bone vascularized composite allotransplantation model

外傷・感染症悪性腫瘍・先天異常による分節骨損失のまま主要な再建の課題です。現在の治療選択肢失敗と実質的な罹患率の重大なリスクがあります。
骨の使用は複合血管柄付き移植 (VCA) 切除された骨のサイズ、形状と癒しおよび生きている骨の可能性を改造の両方接戦を提供すること。現時点では、生涯薬免疫抑制 (IS) が必要です。臓器毒性、日和見感染症や腫瘍リスクが懸念されるそのような非致死性の徴候を扱うことです。
我々 は以前、VCA 内受信者の派生血管注入によるラットおよびウサギ長期的免疫抑制療法の必要性なしで骨・関節の VCA 生存の維持をことを実証しました。自家、neoangiogenic 循環測定可能な流れと改造、IS の 2 週間のみを必要とするアクティブな骨を生成します。小動物解剖学、骨の生理学、免疫学で大幅に人間とは異なる、我々 は臨床応用を実施する前に、この手法を評価する豚骨 VCA モデルを開発しました。ミニチュア豚は、人に彼らの免疫学的、解剖学的、生理学的およびサイズの類似性を与えられた移植研究のため現在広く使用されます。ここでは、新しいブタ同所性同種の脛骨骨 VCA の生存を維持するために自家手術における血管新生の役割をテストする VCA モデルについて述べる。
主要な間で移植、同種の脛骨骨セグメントのサイズと形状に一致するモデル再構築分節脛骨骨欠損ユカタン ミニチュア豚の豚白血球抗原 (SLA) が一致しません。栄養血管の修復と派生自家血管の脛骨骨セグメントの髄腔への注入は、同時の短期的なとの組み合わせで実行されます。これは短時間のため同種の栄養血管を流れを維持注入の組織から開発する neoangiogenic 自家循環を許可します。いったん確立すれば、新しい自己循環は薬物療法とその後の栄養血管血栓症の停止に続く骨の生存率を維持します。

記載した技術は、4 つの主要な不一致ユカタン ミニチュア豚の SLA と脛骨欠損サイズ一致脛骨 VCA を使用して再構築に成功しました。骨 allotransplant の同時の栄養血管修復および allotransplant 髄腔内受信者の動物から AV バンドルの注入も許可する即時骨循環と上の新しい自家血液供給の開発時間 (図 1)。16 週 neoangiogenic 循環はすべて脛骨 Vca、放射線...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Surgical Angiogenesis in Porcine Tibial Allotransplantation: A New Large Animal Bone Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Model at JoVE.com

Surgical Angiogenesis in Porcine Tibial Allotransplantation: A New Large Animal Bone Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Model

現在血管柄付き複合移植の任意の種類は、長期-的-免疫抑制、生活の重要な徴候のサポートが困難に依存します。モデルを提案、新しい豚脛骨 VCA 骨 VCA を研究し、長期的な免疫変調を必要とせず骨生存率を維持するために外科的血管新生の使用方法を示すために使用できます。

豚脛骨移植外科的血管新生: 新しい大型動物の骨血管複合移植モデル

Segmental bone loss resulting from trauma, infection malignancy and congenital anomaly remains a major reconstructive challenge. Current therapeutic ...

surgical-angiogenesis-porcine-tibial-allotransplantation-new-large

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

7.6K ビュー.  Mayo Clinic. 現在血管柄付き複合移植の任意の種類は、長期-的-免疫抑制、生活の重要な徴候のサポートが困難に依存します。モデルを提案、新しい豚脛骨 VCA 骨 VCA を研究し、長期的な免疫変調を必要とせず骨生存率を維持するために外科的血管新生の使用方法を示すために使用できます。

ビデオ: Surgical Angiogenesis in Porcine Tibial Allotransplantation: A New Large Animal Bone Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Model

A Modified Heterotopic Swine Hind Limb Transplant Model for Translational Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) Research

Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) such as hand and face transplants represent a viable treatment option for complex musculoskeletal trauma and devastating tissue loss. Despite favorable and highly encouraging early and intermediate functional outcomes, rejection of the highly immunogenic skin component of a VCA and potential adverse effects of chronic multi-drug immunosuppression continue to hamper widespread clinical application of VCA. Therefore, research in this novel field needs to focus on translational studies related to unique immunologic features of VCA and to develop novel immunomodulatory strategies for immunomodulation and tolerance induction following VCA without the need for long term immunosuppression.
This article describes a reliable and reproducible translational large animal model of VCA that is comprised of an osteomyocutaneous flap in a MHC-defined swine heterotopic hind limb allotransplantation. Briefly, a well-vascularized skin paddle is identified in the anteromedial thigh region using near infrared laser angiography. The underlying muscles, knee joint, distal femur, and proximal tibia are harvested on a femoral vascular pedicle. This allograft can be considered both a VCA and a vascularized bone marrow transplant with its unique immune privileged features. The graft is transplanted to a subcutaneous abdominal pocket in the recipient animal with a skin component exteriorized to the dorsolateral region for immune monitoring.
Three surgical teams work simultaneously in a well-coordinated manner to reduce anesthesia and ischemia times, thereby improving efficiency of this model and reducing potential confounders in experimental protocols. This model serves as the groundwork for future therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing and potentially eliminating the need for chronic multi-drug immunosuppression in VCA.

A Modified Heterotopic Swine Hind Limb Transplant Model for Translational Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation VCA Research

Vascularized Composite Allotransplantations (VCA) have become a clinical reality. However, broad clinical application of VCA is limited by chronic multi-drug immunosuppression. The authors present a reliable and reproducible large animal model to translate novel immunomodulatory strategies that can minimize or potentially eliminate the need of immunosuppression in VCA.

トランスレーショナル血管柄コンポジット同種移植（VCA）研究用に修正異豚後肢移植モデル

Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) such as hand and face transplants represent a viable treatment option for complex musculoskeletal trauma ...

医学

A Surgical Procedure for Resecting the Mouse Rib: A Model for Large-Scale Long Bone Repair

This protocol introduces researchers to a new model for large-scale bone repair utilizing the mouse rib. The procedure details the following: preparation of the animal for surgery, opening the thoracic body wall, exposing the desired rib from the surrounding intercostal muscles, excising the desired section of rib without inducing a pneumothorax, and closing the incisions. Compared to the bones of the appendicular skeleton, the ribs are highly accessible. In addition, no internal or external fixator is necessary since the adjacent ribs provide a natural fixation. The surgery uses commercially available supplies, is straightforward to learn, and well-tolerated by the animal. The procedure can be carried out with or without removing the surrounding periosteum, and therefore the contribution of the periosteum to repair can be assessed. Results indicate that if the periosteum is retained, robust repair occurs in 1 - 2 months. We expect that use of this protocol will stimulate research into rib repair and that the findings will facilitate the development of new ways to stimulate bone repair in other locations around the body.

The overall goal of this procedure is to successfully resect a portion of bone from the rib of a mouse. The procedure was developed as a model to study large-scale long bone repair.

マウスリブを切除するための外科的手順：大規模ロング骨修復のためのモデル

This protocol introduces researchers to a new model for large-scale bone repair utilizing the mouse rib. The procedure details the following: preparation ...

A Novel Microsurgical Model for Heterotopic, En Bloc Chest Wall, Thymus, and Heart Transplantation in Mice

Exploration of novel strategies in organ transplantation to prolong allograft survival and minimizing the need for long-term maintenance immunosuppression must be pursued. Employing vascularized bone marrow transplantation and co-transplantation of the thymus have shown promise in this regard in various animal models.1-11 Vascularized bone marrow transplantation allows for the uninterrupted transfer of donor bone marrow cells within the preserved donor microenvironment, and the incorporation of thymus tissue with vascularized bone marrow transplantation has shown to increase T-cell chimerism ultimately playing a supportive role in the induction of immune regulation. The combination of solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation can uniquely combine these strategies in the form of a novel transplant model. Murine models serve as an excellent paradigm to explore the mechanisms of acute and chronic rejection, chimerism, and tolerance induction, thus providing the foundation to propagate superior allograft survival strategies for larger animal models and future clinical application. Herein, we developed a novel heterotopic en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant model in mice using a cervical non-suture cuff technique. The experience in syngeneic and allogeneic transplant settings is described for future broader immunological investigations via an instructional manuscript and video supplement.

To study combined solid organ and vascularized composite allotransplantation, we describe a novel heterotopic en bloc chest wall, thymus, and heart transplant model in mice using a cervical non-suture cuff technique.

マウスにおける異所のための新しい顕微モデル、エン圏胸壁、胸腺、および心臓移植

Exploration of novel strategies in organ transplantation to prolong allograft survival and minimizing the need for long-term maintenance immunosuppression ...

Orthotopic Hind Limb Transplantation in the Mouse

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and translational research in the field of transplantation medicine. A vast array of reagents is available exclusively in this setting, including mono- and polyclonal antibodies for both diagnostic and interventional applications. In addition, a vast number of genotyped, inbred, transgenic, and knock out strains allow detailed investigation of the individual contributions of humoral and cellular components to the complex interplay of an immune response and make the mouse the gold standard for immunological research. 
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) delineates a novel field of transplantation using allografts to replace "like with like" in patients suffering traumatic or congenital tissue loss. This surgical methodological protocol shows the use of a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis in an orthotopic mouse hind limb transplantation model. The model specifically allows for comparison between established paradigms in solid organ transplantation with a novel form of transplants consisting of various different tissue components. Uniquely, this model allows for the transplantation of a viable vascularized bone marrow compartment and niche that have the potential to exert a beneficial effect on the balance of immune acceptance and rejection. This technique provides a tool to investigate alloantigen recognition and allograft rejection and acceptance, as well as enables the pursuit of functional nerve regeneration studies to further advance this novel field of transplantation.

This novel model for orthotopic hind limb transplantation in the mouse, applying a non-suture cuff technique for super-microvascular anastomosis, provides a powerful tool for in&#160;vivo mechanistic immunological research related to vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA).

マウスで同所後肢移植

In vivo animal model systems, and in particular mouse models, have evolved into powerful and versatile scientific tools indispensable to basic and ...

Mouse Model for Pancreas Transplantation Using a Modified Cuff Technique

Mouse models have several advantages in transplantation research, including easy handling, a variety of genetically well-defined strains, and the availability of the widest range of molecular probes and reagents to perform in vivo as well as in vitro studies. Based on our experience with various murine transplantation models, we developed a heterotopic pancreas transplantation model in mice with the intent to analyze mechanisms underlying severe ischemia reperfusion injury-associated early graft damage. In contrast to previously described techniques using suture techniques, herein we describe a new procedure using a non-suture cuff technique. 
In recent years, we have performed more than 300 pancreas transplantations in mice with an overall success rate of &gt;90%, a success rate never described before in mouse pancreas transplantation. The backbone of this non-suture cuff technique for graft revascularization consists of two major steps: (I) pulling the recipient vessel over a polyethylene/polyamide cuff and fixing it with a circumferential ligature, and (II) placing the donor vessel over the everted recipient vessel and fixing it with a second circumferential ligature. The resultant continuity of the endothelial layer results in less thrombogenic lesions with high patency rates and, finally, high success rates.
In this model, arterial anastomosis is achieved by pulling the abdominal aorta of the donor graft over the everted common carotid artery of the recipient animal. Venous drainage of the graft is achieved by pulling the portal vein of the graft over the everted external jugular vein of the recipient. This manuscript provides details and crucial steps of the organ recovery and organ implantation procedures, which will allow researchers with microsurgical skills to perform the transplantation successfully in their laboratories.

Among abdominal solid organ transplantation, pancreatic grafts are prone to develop severe ischemia reperfusion injury-associated graft damage, leading eventually to early graft loss. This protocol describes a model of murine pancreas transplantation using a non-suture cuff technique, ideally suited for analyzing these early, deleterious damages.

変更されたカフを用いた膵臓移植マウス モデル

Mouse models have several advantages in transplantation research, including easy handling, a variety of genetically well-defined strains, and the ...

Assessment of Plasma Coagulation on Liver Tissue in a Large Animal Model In Vivo

Plasma coagulation as a form of electrocautery is used in liver surgery for decades to seal the large liver cut surface after major hepatectomy to prevent hemorrhages at a later stage. The exact effects of plasma coagulation on liver tissue are only poorly examined. In our porcine model, the coagulation effects can be examined close to the clinical application. A combined laser Doppler flowmeter and spectrophotometer documents microcirculation changes during coagulation at 8 mm tissue depth noninvasively, providing quantifiable information about hemostasis beyond the subjective clinical impression. The temperature at coagulation site is assessed with an infrared thermometer prior and post coagulation and with a thermographic camera during coagulation, a measurement of the gas beam temperature is not possible due to the upper threshold of the devices. The depth of coagulation is measured microscopically on hematoxylin/eosin stained sections after calibration with an object micrometer and gives an exact information about the power setting-coagulation depth-relation. The sealing effect is examined on the bile ducts as it is not possible for a plasma coagulator to seal larger blood vessels. Burst pressure experiments are carried out on explanted organs to rule out blood pressure related effects.

Assessment of Plasma Coagulation on Liver Tissue in a Large Animal Model In Vivo

Here we present a protocol to experimentally assess plasma coagulation in liver tissue in vivo. In a porcine model, microcirculation is examined by laser Doppler, coagulation depth is measured histologically, temperature at coagulation site by infrared thermometer and thermographic camera, and duct sealing effect is documented by burst pressure experiments.

プラズマ凝固体内大動物モデルの肝臓組織の評価

Plasma coagulation as a form of electrocautery is used in liver surgery for decades to seal the large liver cut surface after major hepatectomy to prevent ...

Modified Heterotopic Hindlimb Osteomyocutaneous Flap Model in the Rat for Translational Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Research

Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is a relatively new field in the reconstructive surgery. Clinical achievements in human VCA include hand and face transplants and, more recently, abdominal wall, uterus, and urogenital transplants. Functional outcomes have exceeded initial expectations, and most recipients enjoy an improved quality of life. However, as clinical experience accumulates, chronic rejection and complications from the immunosuppression must be addressed. In many cases where grafts have failed, the causative pathology has been ischemic vasculopathy. <span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: rgb(41, 43, 49); background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;">The biological mechanisms of the acute and chronic rejection associated with VCA, especially ischemic vasculopathy, are important areas of research. However, due to the very small number of VCA patients, the evaluation of proposed mechanisms is better addressed in an experimental model. Multiple groups have used animal models to address some of the relevant unsolved questions in VCA rejection and vasculopathy. Several model designs involving a variety of species are described in the literature. Here we present a reproducible model of VCA heterotopic hindlimb osteomyocutaneous flap in the rat that can be utilized for translational VCA research. This model allows for the serial evaluation of the graft, including biopsies and different imaging modalities, while maintaining a low level of morbidity.

Vascularized composite allograft offers life-altering benefits to transplant recipients, but the biological causes of graft rejection and vasculopathy remain poorly understood. The rodent surgical model presented here offers a reproducible, clinically relevant model of transplantation, allowing researchers to evaluate rejection events and potential therapeutic strategies to prevent their occurrence.

トランスレーショナル血管化複合体他家移植研究のためのラットにおける修正 Heterotopic 後肢 Osteomyocutaneous フラップモデル

Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is a relatively new field in the reconstructive surgery. Clinical achievements in human VCA include hand ...

In Vitro Model of Coronary Angiogenesis

Here, we describe an in vitro culture assay to study coronary angiogenesis. Coronary vessels feed the heart muscle and are of clinical importance. Defects in these vessels represent severe health risks such as in atherosclerosis, which can lead to myocardial infarctions and heart failures in patients. Consequently, coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite its clinical importance, relatively little progress has been made on how to regenerate damaged coronary arteries. Nevertheless, recent progress has been made in understanding the cellular origin and differentiation pathways of coronary vessel development. The advent of tools and technologies that allow researchers to fluorescently label progenitor cells, follow their fate, and visualize progenies in vivo have been instrumental in understanding coronary vessel development. In vivo studies are valuable, but have limitations in terms of speed, accessibility, and flexibility in experimental design. Alternatively, accurate in vitro models of coronary angiogenesis can circumvent these limitations and allow researchers to interrogate important biological questions with speed and flexibility. The lack of appropriate in vitro model systems may have hindered the progress in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of coronary vessel growth. Here, we describe an in vitro culture system to grow coronary vessels from the sinus venosus (SV) and endocardium (Endo), the two progenitor tissues from which many of the coronary vessels arise. We also confirmed that the cultures accurately recapitulate some of the known in vivo mechanisms. For instance, we show that the angiogenic sprouts in culture from SV downregulate COUP-TFII expression similar to what is observed in vivo. In addition, we show that VEGF-A, a well-known angiogenic factor in vivo, robustly stimulates angiogenesis from both the SV and Endo cultures. Collectively, we have devised an accurate in vitro culture model to study coronary angiogenesis.

In vitro models of coronary angiogenesis can be utilized for the discovery of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of coronary angiogenesis. In vitro explant cultures of sinus venosus and endocardium tissues show robust growth in response to VEGF-A and display a similar pattern of COUP-TFII expression as in vivo.

冠動脈血管新生のインビトロモデル

Here, we describe an in vitro culture assay to study coronary angiogenesis. Coronary vessels feed the heart muscle and are of clinical importance. Defects ...

Flow Cytometry Analysis of Immune Cell Subsets within the Murine Spleen, Bone Marrow, Lymph Nodes and Synovial Tissue in an Osteoarthritis Model

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases, affecting patients suffering from pain and physical limitations. Recent evidence indicates a potential inflammatory component of the disease, with both T-cells and monocytes/macrophages potentially associated with the pathogenesis of OA. Further studies postulated an important role for subsets of both inflammatory cell lineages, such as Th1, Th2, Th17, and T-regulatory lymphocytes, and M1, M2, and synovium-tissue-resident macrophages. However, the interaction between the local synovial and systemic inflammatory cellular response and the structural changes in the joint is unknown. To fully understand how T-cells and monocytes/macrophages contribute towards OA, it is important to be able to quantitively identify these cells and their subsets simultaneously in synovial tissue, secondary lymphatic organs and systemically (the spleen and bone marrow). Nowadays, the different inflammatory cell subsets can be identified by a combination of cell-surface markers making multi-color flow cytometry a powerful technique in investigating these cellular processes. In this protocol, we describe detailed steps regarding the harvest of synovial tissue and secondary lymphatic organs as well as generation of single cell suspensions. Furthermore, we present both an extracellular staining assay to identify monocytes/macrophages and their subsets as well as an extra- and intra-cellular staining assay to identify T-cells and their subsets within the murine spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and synovial tissue. Each step of this protocol was optimized and tested, resulting in a highly reproducible assay that can be utilized for other surgical and non-surgical OA mouse models.

Here, we describe a detailed and reproducible flow cytometry protocol to identify monocyte/macrophage and T-cell subsets using both extra- and intracellular staining assays within the murine spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes and synovial tissue, utilizing an established surgical model of murine osteoarthritis.

変形性関節症モデルにおけるマウス脾臓、骨髄、リンパ節および滑膜組織における免疫細胞サブセットのフローサイトメトリー解析

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal diseases, affecting patients suffering from pain and physical limitations. Recent ...

Development of a Novel Task-oriented Rehabilitation Program using a Bimanual Exoskeleton Robotic Hand

A robot-assisted hand is used for the rehabilitation of patients with impaired upper limb function, particularly for stroke patients with a loss of motor control. However, it is unclear how conventional occupational training strategies can be applied to the use of rehabilitation robots. Novel robotic technologies and occupational therapy concepts are used to develop a protocol that allows patients with impaired upper limb function to grasp objects using their affected hand through a variety of pinching and grasping functions. To conduct this appropriately, we used five types of objects: a peg, a rectangular cube, a cube, a ball, and a cylindrical bar. We also equipped the patients with a robotic hand, the Mirror Hand, an exoskeleton&#160;hand that is fitted to the subject&#8217;s affected hand and follows the movement of the sensor glove fitted to their unaffected hand (bimanual movement training (BMT)). This study had two stages. Three healthy subjects were first recruited to test the feasibility and acceptability of the training program. Three patients with hand dysfunction caused by stroke were then recruited to confirm the feasibility and acceptability of the training program, which was conducted on 3 consecutive days. On each day, the patient was monitored during 5 min of movement in a passive range of motion, 5 min of robot-assisted bimanual movement, and task-oriented training using the five objects. The results showed that both healthy subjects and subjects who had suffered a stroke in conjunction with the robotic hand could successfully grasp the objects. Both healthy subjects and those who had suffered a stroke performed well with the robot-assisted task-oriented training program in terms of feasibility and acceptability.

This study reports the development of a novel robot-assisted task-oriented program for hand rehabilitation. The developmental process consists of experiments using both healthy subjects and subjects who have had a stroke and suffered from subsequent motor control dysfunction.

バイマニュアル外骨格ロボットハンドを用いた新規タスク指向リハビリテーションプログラムの開発

A robot-assisted hand is used for the rehabilitation of patients with impaired upper limb function, particularly for stroke patients with a loss of motor ...