この仕事は、中国の国家自然科学基金 (許可番号 51290292) によって支えられた、また博士課程の学生のための学術の卓越性基盤の機械製造及びオートメによって支えられました。

1. ステンレス鋼の写真平版
<ol><li>機械図面のソフトウェアを使用してフォトマスクを設計し、フォトマスク プリンター4にそれを提出することにより、デザインを作製します。</li>
	<li>洗浄ステンレス (316 SS; lengthx 幅: 4 cm × 4 cm、厚さ: 1 mm) アルカリ溶液 (50 g/L の水酸化ナトリウムと 40 グラム/L の Na2CO3) 油汚染物質を除去する 15 分の室温での洗浄によって。</li>
	<li>超音波洗浄機の超音波洗浄を行いステンレス鋼を徹底的に掃除 (動作周波数: 40 KHz の超音波出力: 500 W)。脱イオン水、n-ヘキサン、アセトン、エタノール 10 分と順番にすすいでください。</li>
	<li>ステンレス鋼を配置することによってホット プレート上 150 ° c 30 分保護ステンレス鋼アルミニウム (Al) 箔のシートで覆うことによって乾燥します。</li>
	<li>スピン コーター部にステンレス鋼を配置します。フォトレジストは完全にステンレス鋼をカバーするまで、エッジ ・ センターから、ステンレスの上にポジ型フォトレジスト (約 1 mL) を入金するのにドロッパーを使用します。気泡のフォトレジストを避けてください。<ol>
<li>最初 6 700 回転/分の速度でスピン コーティングを行う s スピン サイクルを開始する 15 1,500 回転/分の速度で s、フォトレジストを均等に配分します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>真空バルブを解放し、ピンセットのペアを使用してステンレス鋼を取得します。フォトレジストを焼く 2 分の 120 ° C のホット プレートにステンレス鋼を配置します。</li>
	<li>場所写真平版機の真空バルブのステンレス鋼。写真平版機の露光時間を 25 に設定 s。 注: ここでは、フォトリソグラフィ マシンは 254 の紫外線 (UV) 光波長:mems nm と 13 mW/cm2の光の強さ。</li>
	<li>ステンレス鋼を解放し、開発者向けフォトレジストを UV ライトにそれを公開することがなく削除する 1 分。開発者ソリューションからステンレス鋼を除去、脱イオン水で洗って、N2ガス下で乾燥します。</li>
	<li>2 分の 120 ° C で焼くホット プレートにステンレス鋼を配置します。</li>
	<li>得られたレジスト テクスチャを検査するのにステンレス鋼の表面を観察するのに、100 倍の倍率で正立型顕微鏡を使用します。</li>
</ol>2. ステンレス鋼のエッチング
<ol><li>エッチング液 200 mL (400 g/L した FeCl3、リン酸 20 g/L と 100 g/L の塩酸) 500 mL ビーカーの容積と化学を準備します。</li>
	<li>10 分の薬液にフォトレジストの質感とステンレスを配置します。互いに接触するステンレス鋼片を許可しません。一度に最大 4 つのステンレス鋼片を配置します。</li>
	<li>ピンセットを使用して化学的にエッチングされたステンレスを取り出す、1 分、脱イオン水で部分を洗浄し、N2ガスで乾かします。</li>
	<li>フォトレジスト テクスチャを削除するには、5 分間超音波洗浄用アセトンでステンレス鋼を水没します。N2ガスを化学的にエッチングされたステンレスを乾かします。</li>
</ol>3. 自己組織化学的にエッチングされたステンレスの OTS
<ol><li>脱イオン水の安定したストリームを化学的にエッチングされたステンレスをきれい、N2ガス、乾燥、表面が完全に乾燥する 30 分間 100 ° C のホット プレートの上に置きます。</li>
	<li>10 分、100 mbar の圧力、流量 20 sccm の 100 W の RF 電力の RF プラズマ機 O2プラズマ治療と化学的にエッチングされたステンレス鋼を hydroxylate します。</li>
	<li>ビーカーに無水トルエン 1 mM OTS ソリューションを準備します。ソリューションの準備の前に徹底的にビーカーを乾燥させます。</li>
	<li>室温で 4 h の OTS ソリューションと化学的にエッチングされたステンレスをすすいでください。密封された袋にビーカーを置きます。互いに接触するステンレス鋼片を許可しません。</li>
	<li>ステンレス鋼を取り外して無水トルエンとそれをきれいに、10 分間超音波洗浄を行い N2ガス乾燥します。</li>
</ol>4. 滑りやすい表面処理
<ol><li>約 10 mL/cm2シリコーン オイルを入金 (粘度: 350 cst; 表面張力: 21.1 mN/m) スポイトを使用して OTS コーティング、化学的にエッチングされたステンレスの上に。</li>
	<li>ステンレス鋼の表面 (10 x の倍率) のシリコーン オイルのぬれプロセスを観察するのに光学顕微鏡を使用します。</li>
	<li>ステンレス鋼を 1 h の垂直位置に配置することによって余分なシリコン オイルを削除します。</li>
</ol>5. 水の滑りやすい路面のすべり挙動の調査
<ol><li>滑りやすい面上 4 μ L の水滴を入金します。光学顕微鏡下におけるステンレス鋼を配置し、基板を 〜 2 ° 傾斜します。</li>
	<li>滑りやすい表面に摺動特性を簡単であることを確認する低倍率 (50 倍) で滑りやすい面上スライド水滴を視覚化します。</li>
</ol>6. 高温で滑りやすい表面上でアンチの濡れの解析
<ol><li>ピンセットを使用してホット プレート上滑りやすい表面にステンレスを配置します。(すなわち、 200 ° C 250 ° C、300 ° C) 異なる温度で反ぬれ挙動を分析する別の高温ホット プレートを設定します。 注意: 高温ステンレス鋼の手で直接触れないでください。</li>
	<li>滑りやすい表面に 10 μ L の水滴を入金するのにマイクロ注射器を使用します。 注: 水液滴を削除する前に滑りやすい表面の温度が均衡に達する必要があります。</li>
	<li>高速カメラを使用すると、フレーム レートは 500 Hz の水液滴の動きを記録します。<ol>
<li>三脚にカメラを固定、ステンレス鋼へのカメラのレンズを直接します。澄んだ水の液滴の画像を取得するカメラのフォーカスを調整します。ステンレス鋼表面上の水滴の動きを記録するには、カメラのスタート ボタンを押します。水液滴スライド オフ レコーディングを完了するステンレス製カメラの終了ボタンを押してください。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>7. 滑りやすい表面の軟部組織の癒着防止効果の解析
<ol><li>マニピュレーターを使用、動力計、ホット プレート、付着性を設定する固定具力計測プラットフォーム4、図 3 aに示すように。</li>
	<li>ホット プレート上試料の表面を配置します。プレートにステンレス鋼を修正するのにクランプを使用します。一定の高温試験表面を熱(例えば、 300 ° C)。 注: 試料の表面は、滑りやすい表面に効率的な熱輸送を確保するためのホット プレート密接にお問い合わせください。</li>
	<li>マニピュレーターにダイナモを修正します。シリンダー テーブルを接続 (直径: 2 cm) 軟部組織として機能する力頭の固定プラットフォーム。</li>
	<li>軟部組織を修正(例えば、鶏の胸肉; 長さ: 5 センチメートル、幅: 2 cm、厚さ: 3 mm) 細いワイヤを使用してシリンダー テーブルの上に。軟部組織の表面は約もを確認します。</li>
	<li>ダイナモ マニピュレーターのモーション ボタンを回転させることにより、特定の最大フォース (例えば4.5 N) に達するまでは、1 mm/s の速度で試験面に軟部組織をロードします。その後、同じ速度で軟部組織をアンロードします。</li>
	<li>データ伝送線路を用いた動力計にコンピューターを接続し、軟部組織と試料の表面との間のリアルタイムの力を記録します。</li>
</ol>

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本稿では細部の高温耐滑りやすい表面を製造するためのプロトコル。私たちの準備された表面の滑りやすいプロパティは、水滴の簡単な滑り挙動を観察することによって示されました。その後、高温の表面に水滴を付着することによって異なる高温で準備された滑りやすい表面の反湿潤を調べた。それで 300 ° C 以上に加熱したときにも準備された滑りやすい表面は、滑りやすいプロパティを...

高温液体や軟部組織で使用するため抗接着面は電気外科的器具で潜在的な広範な応用のためかなりの関心を受けているエンジン、パイプライン等1,2,3,4. 材料表面、特に超撥水表面は優れた反湿潤能力およびセルフ クリーニング特性5のための理想的な選択肢と見なされます。超撥水表面で反ぬれ性は、表面の構造でロックされた空気に帰されるべき。しかし、キャシー バクスター状態6,7だから、超撥水状態は安定しました。また、高温反液滴のぬれはヴェンツェル状態8キャシー バクスターから濡れ状態転移のために失敗します。この濡れ転移は、その場所の空気をロックに失敗した結果、構造体に小さな液滴濡れによって誘導されます。
最近では、食虫植物では、ウツボカズラの peritome の滑りやすい性質に触発さウォンら報告表面構造の9,10 に潤滑剤を注入することによって滑りを構築する概念 ,11。毛管力による構造は、超撥水表面上のロックされた空気のポケットと同様の場所で潤滑剤をしっかりと保持できます。したがって、潤滑剤及び表面構造は、安定した固体/液体表面を形成できます。複合表面上の液滴が非常に低い接触角ヒステリシスだけで簡単に、スライドできる潤滑剤に表面構造に対する優遇親和性がある場合 (例えば、 ~ 2 °)12。この潤滑層に顕著な反濡れ機能13、医療14,15の大きな可能性を示す表面ができます。ただし、滑りに関する先行研究では、主に常温または低温でのアプリケーションのための準備に焦点を当てた。高温耐滑りの準備に非常にほとんどの研究がありません。たとえば、張らは、潤滑剤の急速な蒸発が急速にでも少し高温16で滑りやすい特性の障害を引き起こすことを示した。
高耐熱性で滑りやすい路面はアプリケーションのポテンシャルを広げることができます。たとえば、液体障壁として電気楽器のヒントに軟部組織の付着を減少に使用できます。外科手術中に重度軟部組織癒着は電気楽器のヒントの高温のため発生します。ヒント17,18,19周辺の軟部組織を涙の機器の先端に付着する原因と、軟部組織を炭化できます。電気計測器の先端に付着の軟部組織操作に悪影響を及ぼす作用も止血19,20の失敗を引き起こす可能性があります.これらの効果は、人々 の健康と経済的利益を著しく損います。したがって、電気外科的器具に軟部組織の付着の問題の解決は、非常に緊急です。実際には、滑りやすい路面は、この問題を解決する機会を提供しています。
ここでは、高温で利用できる滑りやすい表面を作製するためのプロトコルを提案する.ステンレス鋼の高温抵抗表面材として抜擢。ステンレス鋼は、フォトリソグラフィ シスト化学エッチングによって荒くだった。その後、表面修飾と生体適合性材料、生理食塩水オクタデシルトリクロロシラン (OTS)21,22,23,24だった。滑りやすい路面は、シリコーン オイルを追加することによって準備されました。これらの材料は、高耐熱性を達成するために滑りやすい表面を有効にします。高温と軟部組織の癒着防止効果でアンチのぬれ性を調べた。結果は、高温で癒着防止問題を解決するために滑りやすい路面を使用しての可能性を示します。

<table width="614">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="48" style="height:36.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="48" style="width:128pt;height:36.0pt" width="171">Stainless steel</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:113pt" width="150">Hongtu Corporation</td>
			<td class="xl20" style="width:95pt" width="126">316</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:125pt" width="167">Use as received</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47" style="height:35.25pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="47" style="width:128pt;height:35.25pt" width="171">Octadecyltrichlorosilane</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:113pt" width="150">Huaxia Reagent</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:95pt" width="126">112-04-9</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:125pt" width="167">Use as received</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="91" style="height:68.25pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="91" style="width:128pt;height:68.25pt" width="171">Photoresist</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:113pt" width="150">Kempur Microelectronic Corporation</td>
			<td class="xl16">317S</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:125pt" width="167">Use as received</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="55" style="height:41.25pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="55" style="width:128pt;height:41.25pt" width="171">Silicone oil</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:113pt" width="150">Beijing Chemical Works</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:95pt" width="126">350 cst</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:125pt" width="167">Use as received</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52" style="height:39.0pt">
			<td class="xl16" height="52" style="height:39.0pt">Anhydrous toluene</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:113pt" width="150">Beijing Chemical Works</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:95pt" width="126">108-88-3</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:125pt" width="167">Use as received</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="56" style="height:42.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="56" style="width:128pt;height:42.0pt" width="171">Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:113pt" width="150">Tianjin Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:95pt" width="126">7664-38-2</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:125pt" width="167">Use as received</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63" style="height:47.25pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="63" style="width:128pt;height:47.25pt" width="171">Hydrochloric acid (HCl)</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:113pt" width="150">Tianjin Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td class="xl16">7647-01-0</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:125pt" width="167">Use as received</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="56" style="height:42.0pt">
			<td class="xl16" height="56" style="height:42.0pt">Ferric chloride (FeCl3)</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:113pt" width="150">Tianjin Chemical Corporation</td>
			<td class="xl16">7705-08-0</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:125pt" width="167">Use as received</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="54" style="height:40.5pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="54" style="width:128pt;height:40.5pt" width="171">Optical upright microscope</td>
			<td class="xl16">Olympus</td>
			<td class="xl16">BX51</td>
			<td class="xl16"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46" style="height:34.5pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="46" style="width:128pt;height:34.5pt" width="171">Optical stereo microscope</td>
			<td class="xl16">Olympus</td>
			<td class="xl16">SZX16</td>
			<td class="xl16"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="50" style="height:37.5pt">
			<td class="xl16" height="50" style="height:37.5pt">High speed camera</td>
			<td class="xl16">Olympus</td>
			<td class="xl16">i-SPEED LT</td>
			<td class="xl16"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52" style="height:39.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="52" style="width:128pt;height:39.0pt" width="171">Ultrasonic cleaner</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:113pt" width="150">KUNSHAN ULTRASONIC INSTRUMENTS CO. LTD</td>
			<td class="xl16">KQ-500E</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="49" style="height:36.75pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="49" style="width:128pt;height:36.75pt" width="171">Dynamometer</td>
			<td class="xl19" style="width:113pt" width="150">Yueqing Handapi Instruments Co. Ltd</td>
			<td class="xl16">HP-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64" style="height:48.0pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="64" style="width:128pt;height:48.0pt" width="171">Manipulator</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:113pt" width="150">Yueqing Handapi Instruments Co. Ltd</td>
			<td class="xl16">HLD</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="62" style="height:46.5pt">
			<td class="xl17" height="62" style="width:128pt;height:46.5pt" width="171">Hot plate</td>
			<td class="xl17" style="width:113pt" width="150">Shenzhen Jingyihuang Corporation</td>
			<td class="xl16">DRB-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation and high-temperature anti-adhesion behavior of a slippery surface on stainless steel

高温抵抗耐表面電気外科的器具、エンジン、およびパイプラインの潜在的な用途があります。典型的な反濡れ超撥水表面は、高温の液体にさらされると簡単に失敗します。最近、ウツボカズラ-インスピレーションの滑りやすい路面接着の問題を解決する新しい方法を示した。滑りやすい表面に潤滑層反発材料と表面構造間の障壁として使用できます。しかし、以前の研究で滑りやすい路面はほとんど高温抵抗を示した。ここでは、高温耐滑りの準備のためのプロトコルについて述べる。フォトリソグラフィによる方法は、ステンレス鋼の柱構造を作製する使用されました。生理食塩水で表面による、滑りやすい表面はシリコン オイルを追加することによって準備されました。準備された滑りやすい表面、水の反ぬれ性を維持は、表面で 300 ° C に加熱したときにもまた、滑りやすい表面は偉大な癒着防止に及ぼす高温で軟部組織を展示しました。このタイプのステンレス鋼の滑り面には、医療機器、機械設備などのアプリケーションがあります。

滑りやすい路面は、OTS コーティング、化学的にエッチングされたステンレス鋼にシリコーン オイルを追加することによって準備されました。彼らと同様の化学的性質により表面は完全にシリコン オイルで湿らせた。ぬれプロセスは、図 1 aに表示されます。赤の点線は、濡れ行をマークします。ぬれ後、表示オイル層は乾燥した部分から区別す...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel at JoVE.com

Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel

滑りやすい路面では、接着の問題を解決する新しい方法を提供します。このプロトコルでは、高温で滑りやすいサーフェスを作成する方法について説明します。結果は、滑りやすい路面が反湿潤液体や高温で柔らかいティッシュの驚くべき癒着防止効果を示したことを示します。

ステンレス鋼の滑りやすい表面の作製と高温の反付着挙動

Anti-adhesion surfaces with high-temperature resistance have a wide application potential in electrosurgical instruments, engines, and pipelines. A ...

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7.5K ビュー.  Beihang University. 滑りやすい路面では、接着の問題を解決する新しい方法を提供します。このプロトコルでは、高温で滑りやすいサーフェスを作成する方法について説明します。結果は、滑りやすい路面が反湿潤液体や高温で柔らかいティッシュの驚くべき癒着防止効果を示したことを示します。

ビデオ: Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel

Mechanical Expansion of Steel Tubing as a Solution to Leaky Wellbores

Wellbore cement, a procedural component of wellbore completion operations, primarily provides zonal isolation and mechanical support of the metal pipe (casing), and protects metal components from corrosive fluids. These are essential for uncompromised wellbore integrity. Cements can undergo multiple forms of failure, such as debonding at the cement/rock and cement/metal interfaces, fracturing, and defects within the cement matrix. Failures and defects within the cement will ultimately lead to fluid migration, resulting in inter-zonal fluid migration and premature well abandonment. Currently, there are over 1.8 million operating wells worldwide and over one third of these wells have leak related problems defined as Sustained Casing Pressure (SCP)1. 
The focus of this research was to develop an experimental setup at bench-scale to explore the effect of mechanical manipulation of wellbore casing-cement composite samples as a potential technology for the remediation of gas leaks. 
The experimental methodology utilized in this study enabled formation of an impermeable seal at the pipe/cement interface in a simulated wellbore system. Successful nitrogen gas flow-through measurements demonstrated that an existing microannulus was sealed at laboratory experimental conditions and fluid flow prevented by mechanical manipulation of the metal/cement composite sample. Furthermore, this methodology can be applied not only for the remediation of leaky wellbores, but also in plugging and abandonment procedures as well as wellbore completions technology, and potentially preventing negative impacts of wellbores on subsurface and surface environments.

This article reports on a laboratory scale investigation of an existing field procedure and its adaptation for sealing of leaky wellbores. It consists of mechanical expansion of metal pipe, which results in an improved metal/cement bond, ultimate sealing of hydraulic pathways and prevention of gas leaks caused by the presence of a microannular channel.

漏洩坑の解決策として鋼チューブの機械的な拡張

Wellbore cement, a procedural component of wellbore completion operations, primarily provides zonal isolation and mechanical support of the metal pipe ...

工学

Visualization of High Speed Liquid Jet Impaction on a Moving Surface

Two apparatuses for examining liquid jet impingement on a high-speed moving surface are described: an air cannon device (for examining surface speeds between 0 and 25 m/sec) and a spinning disk device (for examining surface speeds between 15 and 100 m/sec). The air cannon linear traverse is a pneumatic energy-powered system that is designed to accelerate a metal rail surface mounted on top of a wooden projectile. A pressurized cylinder fitted with a solenoid valve rapidly releases pressurized air into the barrel, forcing the projectile down the cannon barrel. The projectile travels beneath a spray nozzle, which impinges a liquid jet onto its metal upper surface, and the projectile then hits a stopping mechanism. A camera records the jet impingement, and a pressure transducer records the spray nozzle backpressure. The spinning disk set-up consists of a steel disk that reaches speeds of 500 to 3,000 rpm via a variable frequency drive (VFD) motor. A spray system similar to that of the air cannon generates a liquid jet that impinges onto the spinning disc, and cameras placed at several optical access points record the jet impingement. Video recordings of jet impingement processes are recorded and examined to determine whether the outcome of impingement is splash, splatter, or deposition. The apparatuses are the first that involve the high speed impingement of low-Reynolds-number liquid jets on high speed moving surfaces. In addition to its rail industry applications, the described technique may be used for technical and industrial purposes such as steelmaking and may be relevant to high-speed 3D printing.

Two experimental devices for examining liquid jet impingement on a high-speed moving surface are described: an air cannon device and a spinning disk device. The apparatuses are used to determine optimal approaches to the application of liquid friction modifier (LFM) onto rail tracks for top-of-rail friction control.

表面移動に高速液体ジェット宿便の可視化

Two apparatuses for examining liquid jet impingement on a high-speed moving surface are described: an air cannon device (for examining surface speeds ...

Emission Spectroscopic Boundary Layer Investigation during Ablative Material Testing in Plasmatron

Ablative Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) allowed the first humans to safely return to Earth from the moon and are still considered as the only solution for future high-speed reentry missions. But despite the advancements made since Apollo, heat flux prediction remains an imperfect science and engineers resort to safety factors to determine the TPS thickness. This goes at the expense of embarked payload, hampering, for example, sample return missions. 
Ground testing in plasma wind-tunnels is currently the only affordable possibility for both material qualification and validation of material response codes. The subsonic 1.2MW Inductively Coupled Plasmatron facility at the von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics is able to reproduce a wide range of reentry environments. This protocol describes a procedure for the study of the gas/surface interaction on ablative materials in high enthalpy flows and presents sample results of a non-pyrolyzing, ablating carbon fiber precursor. With this publication, the authors envisage the definition of a standard procedure, facilitating comparison with other laboratories and contributing to ongoing efforts to improve heat shield reliability and reduce design uncertainties.
The described core techniques are non-intrusive methods to track the material recession with a high-speed camera along with the chemistry in the reactive boundary layer, probed by emission spectroscopy. Although optical emission spectroscopy is limited to line-of-sight measurements and is further constrained to electronically excited atoms and molecules, its simplicity and broad applicability still make it the technique of choice for analysis of the reactive boundary layer. Recession of the ablating sample further requires that the distance of the measurement location with respect to the surface is known at all times during the experiment. Calibration of the optical system of the applied three spectrometers allowed quantitative comparison. At the fiber scale, results from a post-test microscopy analysis are presented.

Development of new ablative materials and their numerical modeling requires extensive experimental investigation. This protocol describes procedures for material response characterization in plasma flows with the core techniques being non-intrusive methods to track the material recession along with the chemistry in the reactive boundary layer by emission spectroscopy.

プラズマトロン内のアブレーション材料試験中の放射分光境界層調査

Ablative Thermal Protection Systems (TPS) allowed the first humans to safely return to Earth from the moon and are still considered as the only solution ...

The Evolution of Silica Nanoparticle-polyester Coatings on Surfaces Exposed to Sunlight

Corrosion of metallic surfaces is prevalent in the environment and is of great concern in many areas, including the military, transport, aviation, building and food industries, amongst others. Polyester and coatings containing both polyester and silica nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) have been widely used to protect steel substrata from corrosion. In this study, we utilized X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, attenuated total reflection infrared micro-spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements, optical profiling and atomic force microscopy to provide an insight into how exposure to sunlight can cause changes in the micro- and nanoscale integrity of the coatings. No significant change in surface micro-topography was detected using optical profilometry, however, statistically significant nanoscale changes to the surface were detected using atomic force microscopy. Analysis of the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and attenuated total reflection infrared micro-spectroscopy data revealed that degradation of the ester groups had occurred through exposure to ultraviolet light to form COO&#903;, -H2C&#903;, -O&#903;, -CO&#903; radicals. During the degradation process, CO and CO2 were also produced.

Two types of surfaces, polyester-coated steel and polyester coated with a layer of silica nanoparticles, were studied. Both surfaces were exposed to sunlight, which was found to cause substantial changes in the chemistry and nanoscale topography of the surface.

日光への露出表面上にシリカナノ粒子 - ポリエステルコーティングの進化

Corrosion of metallic surfaces is prevalent in the environment and is of great concern in many areas, including the military, transport, aviation, ...

Applying X-ray Imaging Crystal Spectroscopy for Use as a High Temperature Plasma Diagnostic

X-ray spectra provide a wealth of information on high temperature plasmas; for example electron temperature and density can be inferred from line intensity ratios. By using a Johann spectrometer viewing the plasma, it is possible to construct profiles of plasma parameters such as density, temperature, and velocity with good spatial and time resolution. However, benchmarking atomic code modeling of X-ray spectra obtained from well-diagnosed laboratory plasmas is important to justify use of such spectra to determine plasma parameters when other independent diagnostics are not available. This manuscript presents the operation of the High Resolution X-ray Crystal Imaging Spectrometer with Spatial Resolution (HIREXSR), a high wavelength resolution spatially imaging X-ray spectrometer used to view hydrogen- and helium-like ions of medium atomic number elements in a tokamak plasma. In addition, this manuscript covers a laser blow-off system that can introduce such ions to the plasma with precise timing to allow for perturbative studies of transport in the plasma.

X-ray spectra provide a wealth of information on high temperature plasmas. This manuscript presents the operation of a high wavelength resolution spatially imaging X-ray spectrometer used to view hydrogen- and helium-like ions of medium atomic number elements in a tokamak plasma.

高温プラズマ診断として使用するためのX線イメージングクリスタル分光法を適用します

X-ray spectra provide a wealth of information on high temperature plasmas; for example electron temperature and density can be inferred from line ...

Adsorption Device Based on a Langatate Crystal Microbalance for High Temperature High Pressure Gas Adsorption in Zeolite H-ZSM-5

We present a high-temperature and high-pressure gas adsorption measurement device based on a high-frequency oscillating microbalance (5 MHz langatate crystal microbalance, LCM) and its use for gas adsorption measurements in zeolite H-ZSM-5. Prior to the adsorption measurements, zeolite H-ZSM-5 crystals were synthesized on the gold electrode in the center of the LCM, without covering the connection points of the gold electrodes to the oscillator, by the steam-assisted crystallization (SAC) method, so that the zeolite crystals remain attached to the oscillating microbalance while keeping good electroconductivity of the LCM during the adsorption measurements. Compared to a conventional quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) which is limited to temperatures below 80 &#176;C, the LCM can realize the adsorption measurements in principle at temperatures as high as 200-300 &#176;C (i.e., at or close to the reaction temperature of the target application of one-stage DME synthesis from the synthesis gas), owing to the absence of crystalline-phase transitions up to its melting point (1,470 &#176;C). The system was applied to investigate the adsorption of CO2, H2O, methanol and dimethyl ether (DME), each in the gas phase, on zeolite H-ZSM-5 in the temperature and pressure range of 50-150 &#176;C and 0-18 bar, respectively. The results showed that the adsorption isotherms of these gases in H-ZSM-5 can be well fitted by Langmuir-type adsorption isotherms. Furthermore, the determined adsorption parameters, i.e., adsorption capacities, adsorption enthalpies, and adsorption entropies, compare well to literature data. In this work, the results for CO2 are shown as an example.

A protocol for high-temperature and high-pressure gas adsorption measurements on zeolite H-ZSM-5 using an adsorption measurement device based on a langatate crystal microbalance is presented. Prior to the adsorption measurements, the synthesis of zeolite H-ZSM-5 on the langatate crystal microbalance sensor by the steam-assisted crystallization (SAC) method is demonstrated.

ゼオライトH-ZSM-5で高温・高圧のガス吸着用のLangatateクリスタルマイクロバランスに基づいて吸着装置

We present a high-temperature and high-pressure gas adsorption measurement device based on a high-frequency oscillating microbalance (5 MHz langatate ...

High Temperature Fabrication of Nanostructured Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia (YSZ) Scaffolds by In Situ Carbon Templating Xerogels

We demonstrate a method for the high temperature fabrication of porous, nanostructured yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ, 8 mol% yttria - 92 mol% zirconia) scaffolds with tunable specific surface areas up to 80 m2&#183;g-1. An aqueous solution of a zirconium salt, yttrium salt, and glucose is mixed with propylene oxide (PO) to form a gel. The gel is dried under ambient conditions to form a xerogel. The xerogel is pressed into pellets and then sintered in an argon atmosphere. During sintering, a YSZ ceramic phase forms and the organic components decompose, leaving behind amorphous carbon. The carbon formed in situ serves as a hard template, preserving a high surface area YSZ nanomorphology at sintering temperature. The carbon is subsequently removed by oxidation in air at low temperature, resulting in a porous, nanostructured YSZ scaffold. The concentration of the carbon template and the final scaffold surface area can be systematically tuned by varying the glucose concentration in the gel synthesis. The carbon template concentration was quantified using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the surface area and pore size distribution was determined by physical adsorption measurements, and the morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Phase purity and crystallite size was determined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). This fabrication approach provides a novel, flexible platform for realizing unprecedented scaffold surface areas and nanomorphologies for ceramic-based electrochemical energy conversion applications, e.g. solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrodes.

High Temperature Fabrication of Nanostructured Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia YSZ Scaffolds by In Situ Carbon Templating Xerogels

A protocol for fabricating porous, nanostructured yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ) scaffolds at temperatures between 1,000 &#176;C and 1,400 &#176;C is presented.

によってナノ構造イットリア安定化ジルコニア（YSZ）足場の高温製作<em&gt;その場での</em&gt;カーボンテンプレート化キセロゲル

We demonstrate a method for the high temperature fabrication of porous, nanostructured yttria-stabilized-zirconia (YSZ, 8 mol% yttria - 92 mol% zirconia) ...

Preparation of Aligned Steel Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite and Its Flexural Behavior

The aim of this work is to present an approach, inspired by the way in which a compass needle maintains a consistent orientation under the action of the Earth&#39;s magnetic field, for manufacturing a cementitious composite reinforced with aligned steel fibers. Aligned steel fiber reinforced cementitious composites (ASFRC) were prepared by applying a uniform electromagnetic field to fresh mortar containing short steel fibers, whereby the short steel fibers were driven to rotate in alignment with the magnetic field. The degree of alignment of steel fibers in hardened ASFRC was assessed both by counting steel fibers in fractured cross-sections and by X-ray computed tomography analysis. The results from the two methods show that the steel fibers in ASFRC were highly aligned while the steel fibers in non-magnetically treated composites were randomly distributed. The aligned steel fibers had a much higher reinforcing efficiency, and the composites, therefore, exhibited significantly enhanced flexural strength and toughness. The ASFRC is thus superior to SFRC in that it can withstand greater tensile stress and more effectively resist cracking.

This protocol describes an approach for manufacturing aligned steel fiber reinforced cementitious composite by applying a uniform electromagnetic field. Aligned steel fiber reinforced cementitious composite exhibits superior mechanical properties to ordinary fiber reinforced concrete.

一直線に並べられた鋼繊維の準備強化セメント系複合材料とその曲げ挙動

The aim of this work is to present an approach, inspired by the way in which a compass needle maintains a consistent orientation under the action of the ...

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7&#8722;&#948;/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 (STO) Single-crystal Substrates

Here, we demonstrate a method of coating ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) nanoparticles on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) single-crystal substrates by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. LSMO nanoparticles were deposited with diameters from 10 to 20 nm and heights between 20 and 50 nm. At the same time, (Gd) Ba2Cu3O7&#8722;&#948; ((Gd) BCO) films were fabricated on both undecorated and LSMO nanoparticle decorated STO substrates using RF magnetron sputtering. This report also describes the properties of GdBa2Cu3O7&#8722;&#948;/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 quasi-bilayer films structures (e.g., crystalline phase, morphology, chemical composition); magnetization, magneto-transport, and superconducting transport properties were also evaluated.

Radio Frequency Magnetron Sputtering of GdBa2Cu3O7ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬Â 'ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½ Â´/ La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 Quasi-bilayer Films on SrTiO3 STO Single-crystal Substrates

Here, we present a protocol to grow LSMO nanoparticles and (Gd) BCO films on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) single-crystal substrates by radio frequency (RF)-sputtering.

高周波マグネトロンスパッタ リングによる GdBa2Cu3O7−δ/チタン酸ストロンチウム3 (STO) 単結晶基板上 La0.67Sr0.33MnO3準二層フィルム

Here, we demonstrate a method of coating ferromagnetic La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 (LSMO) nanoparticles on (001) SrTiO3 (STO) single-crystal substrates by radio ...

Generating Lap Joints Via Friction Stir Spot Welding on DP780 Steel

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW), a derivative of friction stir welding (FSW), is a solid-state welding technique that was developed in 1991. An industry application was found in the automotive industry in 2003 for the aluminum alloy that was used in the rear doors of automobiles. Friction stir spot welding is mostly used in Al alloys to create lap joints. The benefits of friction stir spot welding include a nearly 80% melting temperature that lowers the thermal deformation welds without splashing compared to resistance spot welding. Friction stir spot welding includes 3 steps: plunging, stirring, and retraction. In the present study, other materials including high strength steel are also used in the friction stir welding method to create joints. DP780, whose traditional welding process involves the use of resistance spot welding, is one of several high strength steel materials used in the automotive industry. In this paper, DP780 was used for friction stir spot welding, and its microstructure and microhardness were measured. The microstructure data showed that there was a fusion zone with fine grain and a heat effect zone with island martensite. The microhardness results indicated that the center zone exhibited a greater degree of hardness compared with the base metal. All data indicated that the friction stir spot welding used in dual phase steel 780 can create a good lap joint. In the future, friction stir spot welding can be used in high-strength steel welding applied in industrial manufacturing processes.

Here, we present a friction stir spot welding (FSSW) protocol on dual phase 780 steel. A tool pin with high-speed rotation generates heat from friction to soften the material, and then, the pin plunges into 2 sheet joints to create the lap joint.

DP780スチールの摩擦攪拌スポット溶接によるラップジョイントの生成

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW), a derivative of friction stir welding (FSW), is a solid-state welding technique that was developed in 1991. An industry ...