我々 は特に、科学的助言と研究を行い、彼らから学ぶことができました参加者全員と同様、臨床の参加者の募集を支援博士ステファン Tschöke とルイサ スタイブサイドカーをありがとうございます。

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この議定書は末梢の生理学的応答の統合的評価をについて説明します、自己報告とバレルの外傷に関する解離の研究の臨床評価。この手順の実現、交絡因子、生理活性の測定前に生理学的なデータの機能の記録を確保し、専門捜査官で臨床データを収集するためのコントロールに重要です。
このような制限統合評価プロトコルの感度と特異度測定、主観的と精神生理学?...

危険を感知、人間が不安を経験および傷害を最小限に抑え、生存を確保する防衛翼列の体が急速に反応します。防衛反応初期段階覚醒と交感神経活動を増加させると、避けられない脅威のイベントに含まれる (e.g、児童虐待、レイプ、拷問)、parasympathetically"シャット ダウン"の解離反応の変調 (e.g。、。徐脈、血管拡張、感覚脱失、意識および音声1,2) が優勢になります。外傷関連連想記憶ネットワーク3,4の再活性化の理論によると手代木精神生理学的反応 (解離対覚醒) の一般的な種類は 2 専攻学生の 1 つになります。臨床プロフィールおよび外傷関連刺激2反応パターンのサブタイプです。様々 な脳病態 PTSD 研究間で外傷に伴う記憶の活性化への応答の不均一を考慮した大崎ら。(2006 年)5は、「その症状異なるパターン、同じ診断カテゴリーに関係なくすべての心的外傷後ストレス科目をグループ化と干渉するかもしれない posttrauma 精神病理の理解"と主張しました。トラウマ人の精神生理学、精神病理学に解離性応答の影響は、心的外傷後ストレスの領域で研究されています。たとえば、Schalinski ・ エルバート ・ シャウアー (2011)6シャット ダウン解離が PTSD と他の併存を予測することを示した疾患。精神生理学的評価の使用は、脅威の7,8応答で急速な飛行を許可する防衛翼列の変更を指摘しました。Schalinskiら。(2013)8では、外傷性のイベントの種類が心臓の驚愕反応に影響を与えるようであることを明らかにしました。「鈍い」反応のパターンを示した別の研究9 -両方の自律神経の枝の同時活性化によって特徴付けられる覚醒解離ミックス-より深刻なトラウマの個人。これまでのところ、研究この点で行われているない解離症状と心理的な外傷により多くの場合影響を受ける他の臨床人口の (e.g。、バレル/日)。
調べるし、いくつかのレベルからの情報を統合する特に重要なのだ、人間の感情と行動の研究: 主観的な (言語表現、韻律)、行動 (モーター、表情、等)、生理 (震えている、発汗、心拍数などを。)。感情表現のこれらの 3 つのモードのいずれかを省略すると評価は非常に誤解を招くできます、Lang (1998 年)10挙動の観察の手順を含むマルチ モーダルの評価の妥当性を強調したと主張し、自己報告/臨床的指標と精神生理学的測定。
不安と顕著な生理学的覚醒の極端な状態は、不安、トラウマ、ストレス関連疾患の特徴です。精神生理学的概念によると否定的な刺激に (一般により高い)、変更された自律神経反応の結果としてこれらの疾患を想像することがあります。診断基準の一部としてこれらの精神生理学的応答の測定可能な指標はそれらの精神生理学的研究のための明白な目標を作った。特に PTSD として明確な基準と心理的な障害 (すなわち、事故、物理的/性的暴行、自然災害、監禁、軍の戦闘、拷問などの生命にかかわる経験)、貴重なを提供。精神生理学的評価のための機会。
PTSD の研究のためには、様々 な評価のデザインの異なるパラダイムを使用して、刺激、および生理学的なパラメーターが使用されています。周辺の監視の生理学的パラメーターは、自律神経活動、感情と認知の状態に関連の変更の措置を確実を提供します。これらのうち、皮膚コンダクタンスは精神生理学的研究に長い歴史を持つ一般的な指標である、機密性の高いインデックス11としてみなされます。監視は、しばしば、心拍、さらに自律依存変数の記録と組み合わせてください。
末梢の生理学的パラメーターの測定、画像のスクリプト駆動実験の使用だった外傷に伴う記憶の活性化する感情や生理的反応の調査のための主要なパラダイムです。スクリプト ドリブン画像パラダイム12、内参加者は、短いことばによるスクリプト13,14,,1516によって引き起こされる嫌悪状況をありありと想像する求められます。状況を想像して、あたかも彼/彼女は、イベント、アクション、人などの実際のコースを追体験でしたし、感情が現実の状況の中に存在する対象を要請 (外傷性スクリプトの例については図 1を参照)。外傷の状況想像して通常、非外傷性場面の他の種類と比較されます。
スクリプト駆動のイメージは、例えば心的外傷後ストレスの影響を受ける様々 な集団において主に採用されました。ベトナム退役軍人15,17、事故18、および元政治犯19の犠牲者。外傷性の手がかりに強化された反応性が見つかりました通常が、外傷関連刺激にこのような高い反応性の不在のいくつかの所見もあります (e.g、オール ・ ロス、2000;。Davis et al., 1996)15,20。心的外傷後ストレスの精神生理学の知識の成長は、外傷関連の領域における生理心理学的研究の増加のバルクとその他の心理的障害が続いた。一方、しかし、スクリプト ドリブン画像パラダイムは、BPD 21,22の解離過程の研究に正常に適用されています。
この稿では BPD の PD の高レベルを主に報告者展示スクリプト駆動の外傷に関連する画像23,の自律神経応答の抑制と解離反応かどうかを調査するためのプロトコル24します。 さらに、我々 の研究は、テスト構造化された臨床インタビューや症状尺度として臨床的に異なるバレル サブグループがあるかどうかを証明する狙い。この議定書は、広範な標準化された臨床評価測定と生理 (HR および SC) と画像のスクリプト駆動パラダイム内である主観的な応答を兼ね備えています。日々 の出来事を描いたスクリプトに比べて外傷関連のパーソナライズされたスクリプトに対する反応を分析しました。プロトコルは、解離過程の調査や境界性人格障害の精神病理学的および生理学的機能に与える影響のモデルを提供します。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Experimental Runtime System (ERTS) Version 3.32</td>
			<td>BeriSoft Cooperation, Frankfurt/Main, Germany</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>We used a scripting language based computer programme wich sends simultanously auditory stimuli to a headphone and marker signals to a psychophysiological recording device at millisecond accuracy.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopac MP150 system</td>
			<td>Biopac Systems, Inc., Goleta, CA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>We recorded the physiological data by using this hardware .</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AcqKnowledge software</td>
			<td>Biopac Systems, Inc.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>We recorded the physiological data by using this software.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VOC</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Format for the auditory files for instructions and script, compatibele with the stimulus presentation software.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

use of a psychophysiological script-driven imagery experiment to study trauma-related dissociation in borderline personality disorder

このプロトコルは精神生理学的実験スクリプト駆動の外傷に関連する画像との生理学的および精神病理学的機能を評価する比較設計内で標準化された医療機器を使用しての詳細な説明を提供しています境界性人格障害を持つ個人。このメソッドは、外傷的解離の心理的・生理的効果を勉強を目指しています。外傷性記憶への反応の研究のための統合評価パラダイムを提案するトラウマ関連障害の精神分類は進化的に決定した生活を脅かす応答の観測に依存しているので、非常に適切な方法論的アプローチ。
雇われたスクリプト ドリブン画像パラダイムは、ネットワークおよびプロンプトは、感情や生理的応答に関連付けられている外傷関連のメモリを有効にするのに個々 のリコール命令を使用します。これらの応答は、自己評価尺度と生理学的評価によって測定されます。個人再生中に参加者は、外傷や日常経験と彼らは実験者とともに事前作成された短いパーソナライズされた言語スクリプトによって引き起こされるその他の状況をありありと想像する求められます。感情反応と異なる生理学的パラメーターの広い範囲の測定が可能境界性人格障害の解離状態を調査し、解離状態の生理と感情の相関を見つけるため、我々 はこのパラダイムを使用しました。一部の参加者は、重度外傷性素性を楽しんでいた。
同じ診断グループ内でさまざまな反応パターンを調べるためには、異なるレベルの外傷歴、症状の重大度と併存と参加者が含まれます。言葉の短いスクリプトを使用して、参加者に応力度開催されます可能な限り低く調査のオブジェクトの妥当性に影響を与えずに。

画像のスクリプト駆動パラダイムによって学ぶことができる感情や生理的反応に反映されます多くの動作があります。例えば、デザインは外傷関連のメモリに対する感情や生理的反応のパターンを調査に適しています。解離反応パターンによって主に特徴付けられる明確なボーダーライン サブグループがあるかどうかの検証に特に興味を持っていた。
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Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder at JoVE.com

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

私たちはパーソナライズされたスクリプト駆動の外傷に関連する画像と臨床評価: その解離 (PD)、精神生理学的反応を調査するため比較設計内のプロトコルを提示、すなわちハートの数 (HR) と皮膚コンダクタンス (SC)、および境界線の人格異障害 (BPD) としばしば深刻なトラウマの個人の心理的な機能。

境界性人格障害の外傷に関する解離を勉強するスクリプト ドリブン画像の精神生理学的実験の使用

This protocol offers a detailed description of a psychophysiological experiment using script-driven trauma-related imagery and standardized clinical ...

use-psychophysiological-script-driven-imagery-experiment-to-study

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SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

12.2K ビュー.  Ulm University. 私たちはパーソナライズされたスクリプト駆動の外傷に関連する画像と臨床評価: その解離 (PD)、精神生理学的反応を調査するため比較設計内のプロトコルを提示、すなわちハートの数 (HR) と皮膚コンダクタンス (SC)、および境界線の人格異障害 (BPD) としばしば深刻なトラウマの個人の心理的な機能。

ビデオ: Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

We present an operant system for the detection of pain in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) assesses pain behaviors in a more clinically relevant way by not relying on reflex-based measures of nociception. Food fasted, hairless (or shaved) rodents are placed into a Plexiglas chamber which has two Peltier-based thermodes that can be programmed to any temperature between 7 &deg;C and 60 &deg;C. The rodent is trained to make contact with these in order to access a reward bottle. During a session, a number of behavioral pain outcomes are automatically recorded and saved. These measures include the number of reward bottle activations (licks) and facial contact stimuli (face contacts), but custom measures like the lick/face ratio (total number of licks per session/total number of contacts) can also be created. The stimulus temperature can be set to a single temperature or multiple temperatures within a session. The OPAD is a high-throughput, easy to use operant assay which will lead to better translation of pain research in the future as it includes cortical input instead of relying on spinal reflex-based nociceptive assays.

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

We present a user-friendly, high-throughput operant system for the evaluation of pain behaviors in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) can assess pain through a reward/conflict paradigm thus providing a more humane way of testing. This protocol will yield more clinically relevant and translational data from rodents.

侵害受容性行動の変化を測定するためにオペラント口腔顔面疼痛評価デバイス（OPAD）の使用

We present an operant  system for the detection of pain in awake, conscious rodents. The Orofacial  Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) assesses pain behaviors ...

行動学

A Procedure to Study the Effect of Prolonged Food Restriction on Heroin Seeking in Abstinent Rats

In human drug addicts, exposure to drug-associated cues or environments that were previously associated with drug taking can trigger relapse during abstinence. Moreover, various environmental challenges can exacerbate this effect, as well as increase ongoing drug intake.
The procedure we describe here highlights the impact of a common environmental challenge, food restriction, on drug craving that is expressed as an augmentation of drug seeking in abstinent rats.
Rats are implanted with chronic intravenous i.v. catheters, and then trained to press a lever for i.v. heroin over a period of 10-12 days. Following the heroin self-administration phase the rats are removed from the operant conditioning chambers and housed in the animal care facility for a period of at least 14 days. While one group is maintained under unrestricted access to food (sated group), a second group (FDR group) is exposed to a mild food restriction regimen that results in their body weights maintained at 90% of their nonrestricted body weight. On day 14 of food restriction the rats are transferred back to the drug-training environment, and a drug-seeking test is run under extinction conditions (i.e.&#160;lever presses do not result in heroin delivery).
The procedure presented here results in a highly robust augmentation of heroin seeking on test day in the food restricted rats. In addition, compared to the acute food deprivation manipulations we have used before, the current procedure is a more clinically relevant model for the impact of caloric restriction on drug seeking. Moreover, it might be closer to the human condition as the rats are not required to go through an extinction-training phase before the drug-seeking test, which is an integral component of the popular reinstatement procedure.

A procedure that allows a demonstration of robust augmentation of drug seeking in food-restricted rats is described. Following heroin self-administration training, rats go through an abstinence period, in a drug-free environment, during which they are mildly food restricted. Drug seeking is then tested in the drug-associated environment.

禁欲ラットで探しているヘロインに長期の食事制限の影響を研究するための手順

In human drug addicts, exposure to drug-associated cues or environments that were previously associated with drug taking can trigger relapse during ...

Uncovering Beat Deafness: Detecting Rhythm Disorders with Synchronized Finger Tapping and Perceptual Timing Tasks

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here with the goal of uncovering rhythm disorders, such as beat deafness. Beat deafness is characterized by poor performance in perceiving durations in auditory rhythmic patterns or poor synchronization of movement with auditory rhythms (e.g., with musical beats). These tasks include the synchronization of finger tapping to the beat of simple and complex auditory stimuli and the detection of rhythmic irregularities (anisochrony detection task) embedded in the same stimuli. These tests, which are easy to administer, include an assessment of both perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities under different conditions (e.g., beat rates and types of auditory material) and are based on the same auditory stimuli, ranging from a simple metronome to a complex musical excerpt. The analysis of synchronized tapping data is performed with circular statistics, which provide reliable measures of synchronization accuracy (e.g., the difference between the timing of the taps and the timing of the pacing stimuli) and consistency. Circular statistics on tapping data are particularly well-suited for detecting individual differences in the general population. Synchronized tapping and anisochrony detection are sensitive measures for identifying profiles of rhythm disorders and have been used with success to uncover cases of poor synchronization with spared perceptual timing. This systematic assessment of perceptual and sensorimotor timing can be extended to populations of patients with brain damage, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson&#8217;s disease), and developmental disorders (e.g., Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).

Behavioral tasks that allow for the assessment of perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) are presented. Synchronization of finger tapping to the beat of an auditory stimuli and detecting rhythmic irregularities provides a means of uncovering rhythm disorders.

ビート難聴を暴く：同期指タッピングと知覚タイミングタスクを検出リズム障害

A set of behavioral tasks for assessing perceptual and sensorimotor timing abilities in the general population (i.e., non-musicians) is presented here ...

Signal Attenuation as a Rat Model of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

In the signal attenuation rat model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), lever-pressing for food is followed by the presentation of a compound stimulus which serves as a feedback cue. This feedback is later attenuated by repeated presentations of the stimulus without food (without the rat emitting the lever-press response). In the next stage, lever-pressing is assessed under extinction conditions (i.e., no food is delivered). At this stage rats display two types of lever-presses, those that are followed by an attempt to collect a reward, and those that are not. The latter are the measure of compulsive-like behavior in the model. A control procedure in which rats do not experience the attenuation of the feedback cue serves to distinguish between the effects of signal attenuation and of extinction. The signal attenuation model is a highly validated model of OCD and differentiates between compulsive-like behaviors and behaviors that are repetitive but not compulsive. In addition the measures collected during the procedure eliminate alternative explanations for differences between the groups being tested, and are quantitative, unbiased and unaffected by inter-experimenter variability. The major disadvantages of this model are the costly equipment, the fact that it requires some technical know-how and the fact that it is time-consuming compared to other models of OCD (11 days). The model may be used for detecting the anti- or pro-compulsive effects of pharmacological and non-pharmacological manipulations and for studying the neural substrate of compulsive behavior.

The goal of the protocol described in this paper is to induce compulsive-like behavior in rats for the study of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This behavior is precipitated by attenuating a signal indicating that a lever-press response was effective in producing food.

強迫性障害のラットモデルとして信号の減衰

In the signal attenuation rat model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), lever-pressing for food is followed by the presentation of a compound stimulus ...

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

In addition to impairments in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, deficits in sensory processing are now recognized as a core symptom in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our ability to perceive and interact with the external world is rooted in sensory processing. For example, listening to a conversation entails processing the auditory cues coming from the speaker (speech content, prosody, syntax) as well as the associated visual information (facial expressions, gestures). Collectively, the &#8220;integration&#8221; of these multisensory (i.e., combined audiovisual) pieces of information results in better comprehension. Such multisensory integration has been shown to be strongly dependent upon the temporal relationship of the paired stimuli. Thus, stimuli that occur in close temporal proximity are highly likely to result in behavioral and perceptual benefits &#8211; gains believed to be reflective of the perceptual system&#39;s judgment of the likelihood that these two stimuli came from the same source. Changes in this temporal integration are expected to strongly alter perceptual processes, and are likely to diminish the ability to accurately perceive and interact with our world. Here, a battery of tasks designed to characterize various aspects of sensory and multisensory temporal processing in children with ASD is described. In addition to its utility in autism, this battery has great potential for characterizing changes in sensory function in other clinical populations, as well as being used to examine changes in these processes across the lifespan.

We describe how to implement a battery of behavioral tasks to examine the processing and integration of sensory stimuli in children with ASD. The goal is to characterize individual differences in temporal processing of simple auditory and visual stimuli and relate these to higher order perceptual skills like speech perception.

自閉症スペクトラム障害児の感覚と多感覚機能のテスト

In addition to impairments in social communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, deficits in sensory processing are ...

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral motor impairments that are frequently dominated in the upper limb. In addition to a reduced movement capacity of the affected upper limb, several children with unilateral CP show a reduced awareness of the remaining movement capacity of that limb. This phenomenon of disregarding the preserved capacity of the affected upper limb is regularly referred to as Developmental Disregard (DD). Different theories have been postulated to explain DD, each suggesting slightly different guidelines for therapy. Still, cognitive processes that might additionally contribute to DD in children with unilateral CP have never been directly studied. The current protocol was developed to study cognitive aspects involved in upper limb control in children with unilateral CP with and without DD. This was done by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) extracted from the ongoing EEG during target-response tasks asking for a hand-movement response. ERPs consist of several components, each of them associated with a well-defined cognitive process (e.g., the N1 with early attention processes, the N2 with cognitive control and the P3 with cognitive load and mental effort). Due to its excellent temporal resolution, the ERP technique enables to study several covert cognitive processes preceding overt motor responses and thus allows insight into the cognitive processes that might contribute to the phenomenon of DD. Using this protocol adds a new level of explanation to existing behavioral studies and opens new avenues to the broader implementation of research on cognitive aspects of developmental movement restrictions in children.

Several children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy seem to disregard the preserved capacity of their affected upper limb. This Developmental Disregard is extensively described in the literature but the involved cognitive processes have not been studied. To study underlying cognitive factors of upper limb control, an event-related potential protocol was developed.

ターゲット応答の作業中に事象関連電位片側脳性麻痺児の上肢利用の認知プロセスを研究するために

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral ...

Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood

Effective regulation of emotion is one of the most important skills that develops in childhood. Research interest in this area is expanding, but empirical work has been limited by predominantly correlational investigations of children's skills. Relatedly, a key conceptual challenge for emotion scientists is to distinguish between emotion responding and emotion regulatory processes. This paper presents a novel method to address these conceptual and methodological issues in child samples. An experimental paradigm that assesses the effectiveness with which children regulate emotion is described. Children are randomly assigned to use specific emotion regulation strategies, negative emotions are elicited with film clips, and changes in subsequent psychophysiology index the extent to which emotion regulation is effective. Children are instructed to simply watch the emotion-eliciting film (control), distract themselves from negative emotions (cognitive distraction), or reframe the situation in a way that downplays the importance of the emotional event (cognitive reappraisal). Cardiac physiology, continuously acquired before and during the emotional task, serves as an objective measure of children's unfolding emotional responding while viewing evocative films. Key comparisons in patterns of obtained physiological reactivity are between the control and emotion regulation strategy conditions. Representative results from this approach are described, and discussion focuses on the contribution of this methodological approach to developmental science.

A detailed protocol for an experimental paradigm to assess the effectiveness with which children regulate emotion is described. Children are randomly assigned to use specific emotion regulation strategies, negative emotions are elicited with film clips, and changes in subsequent psychophysiology index the extent to which emotion regulation is effective.

小児における感情規制戦略の有効性の精神生理学的評価

Effective regulation of emotion is one of the most important skills that develops in childhood. Research interest in this area is expanding, but empirical ...

Reversible Cooling-induced Deactivations to Study Cortical Contributions to Obstacle Memory in the Walking Cat

On complex, naturalistic terrain, sensory information about an environmental obstacle can be used to rapidly adjust locomotor movements for avoidance. For example, in the cat, visual information about an impending obstacle can modulate stepping for avoidance. Locomotor adaptation can also occur independent of vision, as sudden tactile inputs to the leg by an expected obstacle can modify the stepping of all four legs for avoidance. Such complex locomotor coordination involves supraspinal structures, such as the parietal cortex. This protocol describes the use of reversible, cooling-induced cortical deactivation to assess parietal cortex contributions to memory-guided obstacle locomotion in the cat. Small cooling loops, known as cryoloops, are specially shaped to deactivate discrete regions of interest to assess their contributions to an overt behavior. Such methods have been used to elucidate the role of parietal area 5 in memory-guided obstacle avoidance in the cat.

Complex locomotion in naturalistic environments requiring careful coordination of the limbs involves regions of the parietal cortex. The following protocol describes the use of reversible cooling-induced deactivation to demonstrate the role of parietal area 5 in memory-guided obstacle avoidance in the walking cat.

リバーシブルの冷却誘起 Deactivations 歩行猫障害メモリへの皮質の貢献を研究するには

On complex, naturalistic terrain, sensory information about an environmental obstacle can be used to rapidly adjust locomotor movements for avoidance. For ...

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential (ERP) Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have characteristic deficits in understanding the meaning of language, or semantic processing. However, some evidence indicates that semantic processing of non-linguistic stimuli is intact, suggesting that semantic deficits may be language-specific. To appropriately characterize semantic processing deficits in individuals with ASD, comparison of within-modality linguistic (e.g., written words) and non-linguistic (e.g., pictures) stimuli is required. This paper describes such a methodology that makes use of a semantic priming paradigm during concurrent recording of electroencephalographic (EEG) data. EEG provides a dynamic measure of brain activity that is well-suited to characterize subtle differences in semantic processing that may not be observable at the behavioral level. The semantic priming paradigm presents a prime picture or word (e.g., dog) followed by a target picture or word that is either related (e.g., cat) or unrelated (e.g., pencil) to the prime. This paradigm can thus be used to evaluate semantic processing across different modalities, and to compare lexico-semantic and visuo-semantic processing abilities in individuals with ASD and how they might differ from TD individuals. The specific steps involved in creating the stimuli, performing the EEG testing, and analyzing the EEG data are discussed. Representative results illustrate how the N400 component of the event-related potential (ERP) is reduced following semantically-related prime-target pairs compared to unrelated pairs. Comparisons of the N400 between conditions, modalities, and groups can provide estimates of the success of semantic processing, and can thereby be used to characterize semantic deficits in individuals with ASD or other clinical populations.

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder

This paper describes a semantic priming ERP task using within-modality pairs of pictures and words to investigate semantic processing in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

意味的プライミング事象関連電位 (ERP) タスク自閉症スペクトラム障害で閉セマンティック ・視意味的処理を勉強するには

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have characteristic deficits in understanding the meaning of language, or semantic processing. However, ...

Using a Classroom-Based Deese Roediger McDermott Paradigm to Assess the Effects of Imagery on False Memories

Associated word list procedures can elicit false memories in predictable ways by inducing associative processing, thus making it harder to monitor the accuracy of memories. The purpose of the method presented here was to induce false memories using lists of either semantically or phonologically related words and to assess the effects of imagery instructions on the recall and recognition of those false memories. To do this, we used a modified version of the Deese Roediger McDermott (DRM) paradigm. We adapted word lists from previous DRM studies to suit imagery procedures and created an automated presentation to present the word lists in classroom settings. We then recruited undergraduate classes and instructed some of the classes to create mental images of the list words as they were being presented, while instructing the other classes to simply remember the words. The automated presentation presented word lists to participants, one word at a time, alternating between phonologically and semantically related lists. Participants used paper-pencil recall packets to immediately recall list items, complete a distractor activity, and take a subsequent final recognition test. Often, participants immediately recalled and later recognized words that were related to the list items but were not actually presented; these are known as critical lures and indicate a false memory. The protocol detailed here describes a four-step procedure - list presentation, immediate recall, distractor phase, and final recognition - that can assess the effects of list type and imagery instruction within the DRM paradigm on memory. The automated nature of the list presentation provides the ability to systematically vary variables of interest, and the paper and pencil method of data collection affords an easily accessible method for collecting data in classroom settings. The protocol also offers options to modify the procedure to a more traditional DRM paradigm without imagery and/or list type manipulations. The use of this protocol can provide results relevant to both classroom learning and cognitive science principles.

The method presented here induced false memories using lists of related words and also assessed the effects of imagery instructions on the recall and recognition of those false memories. This protocol details a modified version of the Deese Roediger McDermott (DRM) paradigm.

偽りの記憶のイメージの効果を評価するために教室ベース Deese Roediger マクダーモット パラダイムを使用してください。

Associated word list procedures can elicit false memories in predictable ways by inducing associative processing, thus making it harder to monitor the ...

境界性人格障害の外傷に関する解離を勉強するスクリプト ドリブン画像の精神生理学的実験の使用

境界性人格障害の外傷に関する解離を勉強するスクリプトドリブン画像の精神生理学的実験の使用