Name: use of a psychophysiological script-driven imagery experiment to study trauma-related dissociation in borderline personality disorder
Uploaded: 2018-03-08T13:30:00.000+00:00
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder at JoVE.com

我々 は特に、科学的助言と研究を行い、彼らから学ぶことができました参加者全員と同様、臨床の参加者の募集を支援博士ステファン Tschöke とルイサ スタイブサイドカーをありがとうございます。

著者は利益相反を宣言しません。

この議定書は末梢の生理学的応答の統合的評価をについて説明します、自己報告とバレルの外傷に関する解離の研究の臨床評価。この手順の実現、交絡因子、生理活性の測定前に生理学的なデータの機能の記録を確保し、専門捜査官で臨床データを収集するためのコントロールに重要です。
このような制限統合評価プロトコルの感度と特異度測定、主観的と精神生理学?...

危険を感知、人間が不安を経験および傷害を最小限に抑え、生存を確保する防衛翼列の体が急速に反応します。防衛反応初期段階覚醒と交感神経活動を増加させると、避けられない脅威のイベントに含まれる (e.g、児童虐待、レイプ、拷問)、parasympathetically"シャット ダウン"の解離反応の変調 (e.g。、。徐脈、血管拡張、感覚脱失、意識および音声1,2) が優勢になります。外傷関連連想記憶ネットワーク3,4の再活性化の理論によると手代木精神生理学的反応 (解離対覚醒) の一般的な種類は 2 専攻学生の 1 つになります。臨床プロフィールおよび外傷関連刺激2反応パターンのサブタイプです。様々 な脳病態 PTSD 研究間で外傷に伴う記憶の活性化への応答の不均一を考慮した大崎ら。(2006 年)5は、「その症状異なるパターン、同じ診断カテゴリーに関係なくすべての心的外傷後ストレス科目をグループ化と干渉するかもしれない posttrauma 精神病理の理解"と主張しました。トラウマ人の精神生理学、精神病理学に解離性応答の影響は、心的外傷後ストレスの領域で研究されています。たとえば、Schalinski ・ エルバート ・ シャウアー (2011)6シャット ダウン解離が PTSD と他の併存を予測することを示した疾患。精神生理学的評価の使用は、脅威の7,8応答で急速な飛行を許可する防衛翼列の変更を指摘しました。Schalinskiら。(2013)8では、外傷性のイベントの種類が心臓の驚愕反応に影響を与えるようであることを明らかにしました。「鈍い」反応のパターンを示した別の研究9 -両方の自律神経の枝の同時活性化によって特徴付けられる覚醒解離ミックス-より深刻なトラウマの個人。これまでのところ、研究この点で行われているない解離症状と心理的な外傷により多くの場合影響を受ける他の臨床人口の (e.g。、バレル/日)。
調べるし、いくつかのレベルからの情報を統合する特に重要なのだ、人間の感情と行動の研究: 主観的な (言語表現、韻律)、行動 (モーター、表情、等)、生理 (震えている、発汗、心拍数などを。)。感情表現のこれらの 3 つのモードのいずれかを省略すると評価は非常に誤解を招くできます、Lang (1998 年)10挙動の観察の手順を含むマルチ モーダルの評価の妥当性を強調したと主張し、自己報告/臨床的指標と精神生理学的測定。
不安と顕著な生理学的覚醒の極端な状態は、不安、トラウマ、ストレス関連疾患の特徴です。精神生理学的概念によると否定的な刺激に (一般により高い)、変更された自律神経反応の結果としてこれらの疾患を想像することがあります。診断基準の一部としてこれらの精神生理学的応答の測定可能な指標はそれらの精神生理学的研究のための明白な目標を作った。特に PTSD として明確な基準と心理的な障害 (すなわち、事故、物理的/性的暴行、自然災害、監禁、軍の戦闘、拷問などの生命にかかわる経験)、貴重なを提供。精神生理学的評価のための機会。
PTSD の研究のためには、様々 な評価のデザインの異なるパラダイムを使用して、刺激、および生理学的なパラメーターが使用されています。周辺の監視の生理学的パラメーターは、自律神経活動、感情と認知の状態に関連の変更の措置を確実を提供します。これらのうち、皮膚コンダクタンスは精神生理学的研究に長い歴史を持つ一般的な指標である、機密性の高いインデックス11としてみなされます。監視は、しばしば、心拍、さらに自律依存変数の記録と組み合わせてください。
末梢の生理学的パラメーターの測定、画像のスクリプト駆動実験の使用だった外傷に伴う記憶の活性化する感情や生理的反応の調査のための主要なパラダイムです。スクリプト ドリブン画像パラダイム12、内参加者は、短いことばによるスクリプト13,14,,1516によって引き起こされる嫌悪状況をありありと想像する求められます。状況を想像して、あたかも彼/彼女は、イベント、アクション、人などの実際のコースを追体験でしたし、感情が現実の状況の中に存在する対象を要請 (外傷性スクリプトの例については図 1を参照)。外傷の状況想像して通常、非外傷性場面の他の種類と比較されます。
スクリプト駆動のイメージは、例えば心的外傷後ストレスの影響を受ける様々 な集団において主に採用されました。ベトナム退役軍人15,17、事故18、および元政治犯19の犠牲者。外傷性の手がかりに強化された反応性が見つかりました通常が、外傷関連刺激にこのような高い反応性の不在のいくつかの所見もあります (e.g、オール ・ ロス、2000;。Davis et al., 1996)15,20。心的外傷後ストレスの精神生理学の知識の成長は、外傷関連の領域における生理心理学的研究の増加のバルクとその他の心理的障害が続いた。一方、しかし、スクリプト ドリブン画像パラダイムは、BPD 21,22の解離過程の研究に正常に適用されています。
この稿では BPD の PD の高レベルを主に報告者展示スクリプト駆動の外傷に関連する画像23,の自律神経応答の抑制と解離反応かどうかを調査するためのプロトコル24します。 さらに、我々 の研究は、テスト構造化された臨床インタビューや症状尺度として臨床的に異なるバレル サブグループがあるかどうかを証明する狙い。この議定書は、広範な標準化された臨床評価測定と生理 (HR および SC) と画像のスクリプト駆動パラダイム内である主観的な応答を兼ね備えています。日々 の出来事を描いたスクリプトに比べて外傷関連のパーソナライズされたスクリプトに対する反応を分析しました。プロトコルは、解離過程の調査や境界性人格障害の精神病理学的および生理学的機能に与える影響のモデルを提供します。

<table><tbody><tr><td>Experimental Runtime System (ERTS) Version 3.32</td><td>BeriSoft Cooperation, Frankfurt/Main, Germany</td><td></td><td>We used a scripting language based computer programme wich sends simultanously auditory stimuli to a headphone and marker signals to a psychophysiological recording device at millisecond accuracy.</td></tr><tr><td>Biopac MP150 system</td><td>Biopac Systems, Inc., Goleta, CA</td><td></td><td>We recorded the physiological data by using this hardware.</td></tr><tr><td>AcqKnowledge software</td><td>Biopac Systems, Inc.</td><td></td><td>We recorded the physiological data by using this software.</td></tr><tr><td>VOC</td><td></td><td></td><td>Format for the auditory files for instructions and script, compatibele with the stimulus presentation software.</td></tr></tbody></table>

use of a psychophysiological script-driven imagery experiment to study trauma-related dissociation in borderline personality disorder

このプロトコルは精神生理学的実験スクリプト駆動の外傷に関連する画像との生理学的および精神病理学的機能を評価する比較設計内で標準化された医療機器を使用しての詳細な説明を提供しています境界性人格障害を持つ個人。このメソッドは、外傷的解離の心理的・生理的効果を勉強を目指しています。外傷性記憶への反応の研究のための統合評価パラダイムを提案するトラウマ関連障害の精神分類は進化的に決定した生活を脅かす応答の観測に依存しているので、非常に適切な方法論的アプローチ。
雇われたスクリプト ドリブン画像パラダイムは、ネットワークおよびプロンプトは、感情や生理的応答に関連付けられている外傷関連のメモリを有効にするのに個々 のリコール命令を使用します。これらの応答は、自己評価尺度と生理学的評価によって測定されます。個人再生中に参加者は、外傷や日常経験と彼らは実験者とともに事前作成された短いパーソナライズされた言語スクリプトによって引き起こされるその他の状況をありありと想像する求められます。感情反応と異なる生理学的パラメーターの広い範囲の測定が可能境界性人格障害の解離状態を調査し、解離状態の生理と感情の相関を見つけるため、我々 はこのパラダイムを使用しました。一部の参加者は、重度外傷性素性を楽しんでいた。
同じ診断グループ内でさまざまな反応パターンを調べるためには、異なるレベルの外傷歴、症状の重大度と併存と参加者が含まれます。言葉の短いスクリプトを使用して、参加者に応力度開催されます可能な限り低く調査のオブジェクトの妥当性に影響を与えずに。

画像のスクリプト駆動パラダイムによって学ぶことができる感情や生理的反応に反映されます多くの動作があります。例えば、デザインは外傷関連のメモリに対する感情や生理的反応のパターンを調査に適しています。解離反応パターンによって主に特徴付けられる明確なボーダーライン サブグループがあるかどうかの検証に特に興味を持っていた。
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Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder at JoVE.com

Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

私たちはパーソナライズされたスクリプト駆動の外傷に関連する画像と臨床評価: その解離 (PD)、精神生理学的反応を調査するため比較設計内のプロトコルを提示、すなわちハートの数 (HR) と皮膚コンダクタンス (SC)、および境界線の人格異障害 (BPD) としばしば深刻なトラウマの個人の心理的な機能。

境界性人格障害の外傷に関する解離を勉強するスクリプト ドリブン画像の精神生理学的実験の使用

This protocol offers a detailed description of a psychophysiological experiment using script-driven trauma-related imagery and standardized clinical ...

use-psychophysiological-script-driven-imagery-experiment-to-study

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12.3K ビュー.  Ulm University. 私たちはパーソナライズされたスクリプト駆動の外傷に関連する画像と臨床評価: その解離 (PD)、精神生理学的反応を調査するため比較設計内のプロトコルを提示、すなわちハートの数 (HR) と皮膚コンダクタンス (SC)、および境界線の人格異障害 (BPD) としばしば深刻なトラウマの個人の心理的な機能。

ビデオ: Use of a Psychophysiological Script-driven Imagery Experiment to Study Trauma-related Dissociation in Borderline Personality Disorder

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotional Autobiographical Recollection

Recollection of emotional autobiographical memories (AMs) is important to healthy cognitive and affective functioning 1 - remembering positive AMs is associated with increased personal well-being and self-esteem 2, whereas remembering and ruminating on negative AMs may lead to affective disorders 3. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the brain mechanisms underlying AM retrieval in general (reviewed in 4, 5), less is known about the effect of emotion on the subjective re-experience of AMs and the associated neural correlates. This is in part due to the fact that, unlike the investigations of the emotion effect on memory for laboratory-based microevents (reviewed in 6, 7-9), often times AM studies do not have a clear focus on the emotional aspects of remembering personal events (but see 10). Here, we present a protocol that allows investigation of the neural correlates of recollecting emotional AMs using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Cues for these memories are collected prior to scanning by means of an autobiographical memory questionnaire (AMQ), therefore allowing for proper selection of emotional AMs based on their phenomenological properties (i.e., intensity, vividness, personal significance). This protocol can be used in healthy and clinical populations alike.

We present a protocol that allows investigation of the neural correlates of recollecting emotional autobiographical memories, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. This protocol can be used with both healthy and clinical participants.

感情的な自伝追憶の神経相関の脳イメージング研究

Recollection of emotional autobiographical memories (AMs) is important to healthy cognitive and affective functioning 1 - remembering positive AMs is ...

神経科学

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

The ability to control/regulate emotions is an important coping mechanism in the face of emotionally stressful situations. Although significant progress has been made in understanding conscious/deliberate emotion regulation (ER), less is known about non-conscious/automatic ER and the associated neural correlates. This is in part due to the problems inherent in the unitary concepts of automatic and conscious processing1. Here, we present a protocol that allows investigation of the neural correlates of both deliberate and automatic ER using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This protocol allows new avenues of inquiry into various aspects of ER. For instance, the experimental design allows manipulation of the goal to regulate emotion (conscious vs. non-conscious), as well as the intensity of the emotional challenge (high vs. low). Moreover, it allows investigation of both immediate (emotion perception) and long-term effects (emotional memory) of ER strategies on emotion processing. Therefore, this protocol may contribute to better understanding of the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation in healthy behaviour, and to gaining insight into possible causes of deficits in depression and anxiety disorders in which emotion dysregulation is often among the core debilitating features.

We present a protocol that allows investigation of the neural correlates of deliberate and automatic emotion regulation, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. This protocol can be used in healthy participants, both young and older, as well as in clinical patients.

情動表出の制御の神経相関の脳イメージング研究

The ability to control/regulate emotions is an important coping mechanism in the face of emotionally stressful situations. Although significant progress ...

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition

Emotions can impact cognition by exerting both enhancing (e.g., better memory for emotional events) and impairing (e.g., increased emotional distractibility) effects (reviewed in 1). Complementing our recent protocol 2 describing a method that allows investigation of the neural correlates of the memory-enhancing effect of emotion (see also 1, 3-5), here we present a protocol that allows investigation of the neural correlates of the detrimental impact of emotion on cognition. The main feature of this method is that it allows identification of reciprocal modulations between activity in a ventral neural system, involved in 'hot' emotion processing (HotEmo system), and a dorsal system, involved in higher-level 'cold' cognitive/executive processing (ColdEx system), which are linked to cognitive performance and to individual variations in behavior (reviewed in 1). Since its initial introduction 6, this design has proven particularly versatile and influential in the elucidation of various aspects concerning the neural correlates of the detrimental impact of emotional distraction on cognition, with a focus on working memory (WM), and of coping with such distraction 7,11, in both healthy 8-11 and clinical participants 12-14.

We present a protocol that allows investigation of the neural mechanisms mediating the detrimental impact of emotion on cognition, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. This protocol can be used with both healthy and clinical participants.

認知に関する情動の損なう効果の脳イメージング研究

Emotions can impact cognition by exerting both enhancing (e.g., better memory for emotional events) and impairing (e.g., increased emotional ...

Exploring the Use of Isolated Expressions and Film Clips to Evaluate Emotion Recognition by People with Traumatic Brain Injury

The current study presented 60 people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 60 controls with isolated facial emotion expressions, isolated vocal emotion expressions, and multimodal (i.e., film clips) stimuli that included contextual cues. All stimuli were presented via computer. Participants were required to indicate how the person in each stimulus was feeling using a forced-choice format. Additionally, for the film clips, participants had to indicate how they felt in response to the stimulus, and the level of intensity with which they experienced that emotion.

This paper describes how to implement a battery of behavioral tasks to examine emotion recognition of isolated facial and vocal emotion expressions, and a novel task using commercial television and film clips to assess multimodal emotion recognition that includes contextual cues.

外傷性脳損傷を持つ人々によって感情の認識を評価するために単離された式とフィルムクリップの使用を探ります

The current study presented 60 people with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and 60 controls with isolated facial emotion expressions, isolated vocal emotion ...

行動学

Experimental Paradigm for Measuring the Effects of Self-distancing in Young Children

Self-distancing (i.e., creating mental distance between the self and a stimulus by adopting a less egocentric perspective) has been studied as a way to improve adolescents' and adults' emotion regulation. These studies instruct adolescents and adults to use visual imagery or language to create distance from the self before engaging in self-regulation tasks and when thinking about past and future events. For example, adults are asked to recall past, negative emotional experiences from either a first-person perspective (no distance) or a third-person perspective (self-distanced). These studies show that a self-distanced perspective allows adults to cope more adaptively when recalling negative feelings. However, the self-distancing paradigm used with adults was not developmentally appropriate for young children. This modified self-distancing paradigm involves instructing children to think about their thoughts, feelings, and actions from different perspectives that vary in their distance from the self while completing a self-regulation task. The paradigm involves randomly assigning children to use one of three perspectives: self-immersed, third-person, or exemplar. In the self-immersed condition, children are asked to think about themselves using the first-person perspective (e.g., "How am I feeling?") and no distance is created from the self. In the third-person condition, children are asked to create distance from the self by using the third-person perspective (e.g., "How is [child's name] feeling?"). In the exemplar condition, the greatest distance from the self is created by asking children to pretend to be a media character and to think about that character's thoughts and feelings (e.g., "How is Batman feeling?"). Studies using the self-distancing paradigm with 4-6-year-olds have found that as the amount of distance from the self increases (self-immersed &lt; third-person &lt; exemplar), children perform better on self-regulation tasks. These findings suggest that the strategies implemented in the self-distancing protocol may be useful to include in self-regulation interventions for young children.

An experimental paradigm was created to measure the effects of self-distancing in young children (4-6-year-olds). Self-distancing is a process through which individuals adopt a less egocentric perspective. This paradigm has been used to examine the effects of self-distancing on young children&#39;s self-regulation.

幼児における自己隔離の効果を測定するための実験的パラダイム

Self-distancing (i.e., creating mental distance between the self and a stimulus by adopting a less egocentric perspective) has been studied as a way to ...

Developing Neuroimaging Phenotypes of the Default Mode Network in PTSD: Integrating the Resting State, Working Memory, and Structural Connectivity

Complementary structural and functional neuroimaging techniques used to examine the Default Mode Network (DMN) could potentially improve assessments of psychiatric illness severity and provide added validity to the clinical diagnostic process. Recent neuroimaging research suggests that DMN processes may be disrupted in a number of stress-related psychiatric illnesses, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).
Although specific DMN functions remain under investigation, it is generally thought to be involved in introspection and self-processing. In healthy individuals it exhibits greatest activity during periods of rest, with less activity, observed as deactivation, during cognitive tasks, e.g., working memory. This network consists of the medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus, lateral parietal cortices and medial temporal regions.
Multiple functional and structural imaging approaches have been developed to study the DMN. These have unprecedented potential to further the understanding of the function and dysfunction of this network. Functional approaches, such as the evaluation of resting state connectivity and task-induced deactivation, have excellent potential to identify targeted neurocognitive and neuroaffective (functional) diagnostic markers and may indicate illness severity and prognosis with increased accuracy or specificity. Structural approaches, such as evaluation of morphometry and connectivity, may provide unique markers of etiology and long-term outcomes. Combined, functional and structural methods provide strong multimodal, complementary and synergistic approaches to develop valid DMN-based imaging phenotypes in stress-related psychiatric conditions. This protocol aims to integrate these methods to investigate DMN structure and function in PTSD, relating findings to illness severity and relevant clinical factors.

This protocol describes the complementary neuroimaging techniques of resting state structural connectivity, task-induced deactivation, and structural connectivity analyses to examine the default network in post-traumatic stress disorder. The use of synergistic methods could potentially lead to improved diagnostics and assessments of severity, outcome, and other relevant clinical factors.

PTSDにデフォルトモードネットワークの神経画像の表現型を開発する：静止状態、ワーキングメモリ、構造コネクティビティの統合

Complementary structural and functional neuroimaging techniques used to examine the Default Mode Network (DMN) could potentially improve assessments of ...

医学

Simultaneous Application of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation during Virtual Reality Exposure

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that changes the likelihood of neuronal firing through modulation of neural resting membranes. Compared to other techniques, tDCS is relatively safe, cost-effective, and can be administered while individuals are engaged in controlled, specific cognitive processes. This latter point is important as tDCS may predominantly affect intrinsically active neural regions. In an effort to test tDCS as a potential treatment for psychiatric illness, the protocol described here outlines a novel procedure that allows the simultaneous application of tDCS during exposure to trauma-related cues using virtual reality (tDCS+VR) for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (NCT03372460). In this double-blind protocol, participants are assigned to either receive 2 mA tDCS, or sham stimulation, for 25 minutes while passively watching three 8-minute standardized virtual reality drives through Iraq or Afghanistan, with virtual reality events increasing in intensity during each drive. Participants undergo six sessions of tDCS+VR over the course of 2-3 weeks, and psychophysiology (skin conductance reactivity) is measured throughout each session. This allows testing for within and between session changes in hyperarousal to virtual reality events and adjunctive effects of tDCS. Stimulation is delivered through a built-in rechargeable battery-driven tDCS device using a 1 (anode) x 1 (cathode) unilateral electrode set-up. Each electrode is placed in a 3 x 3 cm (current density 2.22 A/m2) reusable sponge pocket saturated with 0.9% normal saline. Sponges with electrodes are attached to the participant&#8217;s skull using a rubber headband with the electrodes placed such that they target regions within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex. The virtual reality headset is placed over the tDCS montage in such a way as to avoid electrode interference.

This manuscript outlines a novel protocol to allow the simultaneous application of transcranial direct current stimulation during exposure to warzone trauma-related cues using virtual reality for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

バーチャルリアリティ暴露時の経頭蓋直流刺激の同時適用

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of non-invasive brain stimulation that changes the likelihood of neuronal firing through ...

Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) show heightened brain activity in limbic and orbitofrontal regions when confronted with negative emotions, which could be associated with impairments in emotion regulation skills. The ability to regulate emotions is a necessary coping mechanism when facing emotionally distressing situations, and deliberate emotion regulation strategies such as cognitive reappraisal have been extensively studied in the general population. Despite this, little is known about potential deliberate emotion regulation deficits in OCD patients and the associated neural correlates. Here, we describe a protocol to investigate the neural correlates of deliberate emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in OCD patients in comparison to a matched control sample. This protocol follows current gold standards for neuroimaging studies and includes both task activation and connectivity analysis (as well as behavioral data) to allow a more complete investigation. Therefore, we expect it will contribute to expanding the knowledge of the neural correlates of emotion (dys)regulation in OCD, and it could also be applied to explore emotion regulation deficits in other psychiatric disorders.

We introduce a protocol for exploring the neural correlates of a cognitive emotion regulation task, namely cognitive reappraisal, using functional magnetic resonance imaging. This protocol was used in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and healthy controls but can also be used in other clinical samples.

タスクベースの機能的磁気共鳴画像法を用いた強迫性障害における認知再評価の神経相関の探索

Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) show heightened brain activity in limbic and orbitofrontal regions when confronted with negative ...

Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
Dissociative Fugue 
A hallmark feature of dissociative disorders is the dissociative fugue state, wherein individuals undergo sudden and profound memory loss or even adopt a completely new identity. During this stage, affected individuals may unexpectedly travel to unfamiliar places and display behaviors consistent with their assumed identity. Such episodes often occur without any recollection of their past, creating significant challenges in personal and social contexts.
Trauma and Dissociation 
Dissociative disorders are strongly correlated with traumatic experiences. Chronic trauma, particularly during formative years, can overwhelm the mind&#39;s capacity to process events, leading to dissociation as a defense mechanism. This psychological response allows individuals to mentally detach from distressing events, creating a sense of distance from pain. It is common for individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to exhibit symptoms of dissociation, as trauma and dissociation share psychological pathways.
Neurological Underpinnings
Research has identified structural changes in the brains of individuals with dissociative disorders, specifically in the hippocampus and amygdala, which are regions vital for memory and emotion regulation. Reduced volumes of these structures may hinder the brain&#39;s ability to process memories and regulate emotional responses effectively. These findings underscore the biological basis of dissociative symptoms, bridging the gap between psychological experiences and neurological mechanisms.
Understanding dissociative disorders requires recognizing their profound effects on mental functioning, their roots in trauma, and their basis in neurobiology, highlighting the complex interplay between mind and brain.

Dissociative disorders are psychological conditions where an individual&#39;s conscious awareness becomes dissociated or separated from their previous ...

KEY TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Dissociative Identity Disorder

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual&#39;s distress.
Psychological Foundations
The origins of DID are deeply rooted in psychological and developmental factors. Research highlights extreme childhood trauma, particularly abuse, as a primary trigger. In such cases, individuals may dissociate to cope with overwhelming experiences, compartmentalizing distressing memories and emotions into distinct identities. This mechanism allows the individual to function while isolating traumatic events from conscious awareness. From a psychodynamic perspective, these identities serve as defenses against unacceptable impulses, with secondary personalities acting as outlets for suppressed emotions or desires. Learning theories suggest that dissociative behaviors are reinforced by the reduction of anxiety, making them more likely to recur in stressful situations.
Sociocultural and Biological Contributions
Sociocultural factors also influence the presentation and recognition of DID. Increased media portrayal of the disorder has heightened public and clinical awareness, contributing to a rise in diagnoses. However, this exposure may also shape the manifestation of symptoms in ways that align with cultural narratives.
Structural and functional brain differences are associated with DID on the biological front. Abnormal brain anatomy and activity often accompany DID. Brain scans reveal shrinkage in regions involved in memory and threat detection, along with heightened activity in areas that control and inhibit traumatic memories. These findings underscore the interplay between neurological adaptations and psychological processes in the disorder&#39;s development and progression.
This multifaceted approach to understanding DID reflects the intricate interplay of psychological, sociocultural, and biological factors, each contributing to the manifestation and management of this complex condition.

Dissociative Identity Disorder, or DID, formerly called multiple personality disorder, occurs when an individual exhibits two or more distinct personality ...

境界性人格障害の外傷に関する解離を勉強するスクリプトドリブン画像の精神生理学的実験の使用

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感情的な自伝追憶の神経相関の脳イメージング研究

情動表出の制御の神経相関の脳イメージング研究

認知に関する情動の損なう効果の脳イメージング研究

外傷性脳損傷を持つ人々によって感情の認識を評価するために単離された式とフィルムクリップの使用を探ります

幼児における自己隔離の効果を測定するための実験的パラダイム

PTSDにデフォルトモードネットワークの神経画像の表現型を開発する：静止状態、ワーキングメモリ、構造コネクティビティの統合

バーチャルリアリティ暴露時の経頭蓋直流刺激の同時適用

タスクベースの機能的磁気共鳴画像法を用いた強迫性障害における認知再評価の神経相関の探索

Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative Identity Disorder

境界性人格障害の外傷に関する解離を勉強するスクリプト ドリブン画像の精神生理学的実験の使用

要約

さらに動画を探す

この動画の章

感情的な自伝追憶の神経相関の脳イメージング研究

情動表出の制御の神経相関の脳イメージング研究

認知に関する情動の損なう効果の脳イメージング研究

外傷性脳損傷を持つ人々によって感情の認識を評価するために単離された式とフィルムクリップの使用を探ります

幼児における自己隔離の効果を測定するための実験的パラダイム

PTSDにデフォルトモードネットワークの神経画像の表現型を開発する：静止状態、ワーキングメモリ、構造コネクティビティの統合

バーチャルリアリティ暴露時の経頭蓋直流刺激の同時適用

タスクベースの機能的磁気共鳴画像法を用いた強迫性障害における認知再評価の神経相関の探索

Dissociative Disorders

Dissociative Identity Disorder

境界性人格障害の外傷に関する解離を勉強するスクリプトドリブン画像の精神生理学的実験の使用