著者はこのプロトコルで使用される振動子の振動周波数を確認する分析を実施するためジョン ・ ネルソン博士は、PT を認めたいと思います。

カレッジ オブ セント スコラスティカので制度検討委員会が、このプロトコルが開発およびテストの研究を承認します。
注: このプロトコルで使用される振動子の製造元の仕様を示した '高' の周波数 11,00 rpm (183.3 Hz)。この周波数は 2 kHz でサンプリング差動増幅回路の 1 つの入力を通じて収集した振動データのサンプルを使用して確認されました。信号の平均期間は 5.56 × 10-3 s 180 Hz に相当します。レイノー病を持つ個人で振動は、レイノー現象、最後数分から数時間としびれ、かゆみや痛みを伴うことがありますアプリケーションのサイトに一時的な血管収縮を引き起こす可能性があります。23図 1は、このプロトコルで用いられている類似の振動によるレイノー現象の例を示します。潜在的な参加者は、このプロトコルに参加する前にレイノーにスクリーニングする必要があります。
1. 感覚ノックダウン プロトコル:
<ol><li>ペン、183 Hz バイブレーター、2.5 インチ幅のストラップ、ゴムバンドを収集 (材料の表を参照してください)。</li>
	<li>テストされている上肢の尺骨溝の中で尺骨神経を触診します。<ol>
<li>"X"マーク皮膚上に配置尺骨溝上上腕骨の肘頭突起と内側上顆、尺骨の間の線にだけ優れています。 注:図 2肘の背部のこの場所を示しています。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>頭に優れたマッサー ジャーのハンドルとマークされた場所に振動子の頭を配置します。<ol>
<li>バイブレーターと参加者の腕のハンドル部分を囲む広いストラップを適用します。</li>
		<li>バイブレーターの頭の場所に振動子の頭を押しながら参加者の肌とゴムバンドが皮膚に対してはなく、頭を保持する適切なサイズであることを確認、バイブレーター ヘッド間の接触を維持する参加者の腕の首の周りのゴムバンドを配置します。運動や循環を制限します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>曲げるし、彼/彼女の肘をまっすぐに参加者を求めます。彼/彼女はストラップからの干渉を感じるはずです。彼/彼女は干渉を報告、移動の自由が保障されるので、ストラップ、ゴムバンドを調整します。</li>
	<li>高振動をオン、(未発表のデータに基づいて) 2 分待ちます。<ol>
<li>感覚性能の測定を実施 (BKT のタブレットのバージョンからの結果はここで発表会) 高上テストの期間で実行するバイブレーターで<ol>
<li>BKT を実施します。遮蔽幕を利用したタブレットから彼らのビジョンと標準の高さテーブル (29 インチの高さ) でシートの標準の高さの椅子 (18 インチ シート高) に参加。参加者の向かいに座っています。</li>
			<li>行の先頭に戻る (ターゲット) の行の末尾に行の先頭から末節のみ、開催参加者人差し指をガイドします。参加者の指を解放し、ターゲットに触れないようにそれらに指示します。各上肢 20 試験を完了します。</li>
			<li>センチメートル単位の平均絶対誤差 (ターゲットからの距離) として各上肢の参加者のスコアを割り当てます。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
		<li>振動刺激の除去時にすぐに心理物理学的測定 (VDT) などを実施します。 注: 示された結果、VDT の前に振動刺激の期間年 5 ± 1 分。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>2. 振動覚閾値 (13から適応)
<ol><li>収集 128 Hz 音叉、ストップウォッチ、教科書 (チューニング フォークを攻撃するために会社はまだ準拠してサーフェイスを提供します)、テーブル (29 インチの高さ)、標準的な椅子 (18 インチ シート高)、マスキング テープ、ペン。<ol>
<li>マスキング テープを使用して印象的な音叉で一貫性のターゲットとして使用する教科書に 1 ½ インチ x 1 1/2 のインチの正方形を作成します。</li>
		<li>永久的なマーカー、色 1 mm チューニング フォーク (音叉テスト中にアプリケーションの圧力を標準化するこのマークが使用されます) の幹の下部を使用します。</li>
		<li>テーブルで椅子に参加者を座席します。前腕回外テストされている下肢を拡張し、完全に肘を含むテーブルに置かにお問い合わせください。四肢をリラックスしてもらいます。 注: 審査官に参加者の向かいに座るべきです。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>遠位上腕二頭筋腱、肘のしわに優れた約 1 センチメートル以上皮膚にドットをマークします。<ol>
<li>参加者は、参加者の肘の間に最も近いテーブルの端に本を置きます。</li>
		<li>言う:「これは振動を検出する能力のテストです。今私は上腕二頭筋腱にこの音叉を置きます。任意の振動を感じるし、振動の感覚が消滅した場合、すぐに「今すぐ」と言う場合私に教えてください。この手順が繰り返される 3 回各アームの。」</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>チューニング フォークの各ピンの端にディスクを開始する前にタイトなことを確認します。彼らが緩んでいる場合、彼らはガラガラ、音叉の共鳴の信頼性テストを作る期間を短縮します。<ol>
<li>親指と人差し指の間に緩く音叉の幹を押しながら共鳴を引き起こすのに十分な力を持つ正方形ターゲット中の本にストライクします。<ol>
<li>印象的な直後に皮膚を抑制し、ビジョンから音叉の 1 mm バンドを隠すため十分な圧力を使用して、テスト用の場所に音叉を配置します。 注:図 3は、音叉型遠位上腕二頭筋腱テスト用のこのプロトコルで使われる場所です。</li>
			<li>参加者は、もはや ('今' を言う) 振動を感じるまで、参加者の肌に音叉の配置から時間を定量化するストップウォッチを使用して。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
		<li>3 つの試験の合計は同じ腕にさらに 2 回を繰り返します。<ol>
<li>振動検出しきい値 (VDT) を決定する 3 つの試験の間で振動刺激の消失までの平均値を計算します。</li>
		</ol>
</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>

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著者が明らかに何もありません。

このプロトコルは、上肢の人間感覚をノックダウンするメソッドを提供します。20 健康参加者間で感覚のノックダウンの効果は VDT の核内局在求心性軸索伝送を反映すると考え感度の心理物理学的測定によって測定される大規模です。VDT は核内局在求心性放電時の振動の除去が減少した後、できるだけ早く測定しました。25エラーの visual 咬合 (tBKT) ターゲットに到達するこ?...

運動の神経制御するすべての貢献者の感覚が少なくともも測定した可能性があります。専門機器を使用しての固有感覚の研究対策は最近精度、妥当性、信頼性を達成しています。1,2,3コントラスト、固有感覚、四肢の位置感覚テスト最も一般的なされている、4の臨床的指標で低解像度、他の感覚モダリティ、4が汚染されているし、貧しい人々 またはパブリッシュされた心理プロパティはありません。5感覚コントロール、3障害の臨床診断のための末梢および中枢のメカニズムを明らかにし、感覚のトレーニングの成果を測定するため、固有感覚の新しい正確な信頼できる対策が必要です。2,5,6,7この年末に向けて一時的に阻害する簡単な非侵襲的方法または 'ノックダウン' 感覚が必要です。
健康な人間の感覚のノックダウンでは、研究開発および標準化された対策の検証に通知するときに便利です感覚運動タスクにおける受容機能の役割を推測することができます。ノックダウン モデル固有感覚障害を持つ人間を勉強して 2 つの主要な利点があります。最初は参加者の可用性深部感覚障害を持つ個人は、多くの研究者に簡単にアクセスできません。第二に、固有感覚障害体内とは異なり、ノックダウン モデル参加者間で障害の程度を制御することができます。
上部の肢の一時的な感覚のノックダウンの現在の公開メソッドは侵襲的な非現実的なまたは参加者の不快です。麻酔注射中比較的安全で技術的な専門知識を必要とする、いくつかの研究の参加者によって侵襲的考慮されるかもしれない。虚血性の神経ブロックは、不快感を引き起こすし、凝固障害の申請の前に、画面を血液検査を練習しました。8凍結療法も不快感を引き起こします。感覚に影響する凍結療法のアプリケーションの平均時間は 20.3 ± 5.3 分9凍結療法を取り外したら、加温前に感覚を測定する簡単なウィンドウのままの矛盾した効果に貢献するかもしれない関節位置覚に凍結療法。10高周波数 (300 Hz) の振動は、指の動きの検出タスクの固有感覚視力を減らすために正常に使用されました。機構は、パチニ小体 - 他の振動敏感な皮膚受容器からの入力の抑制をすると報じられました。11最近、ヒラメ筋振動 (80 Hz) が固有感覚情報を歪めることによって精度が等尺性力を減少する見つかりました。12ただし、単純な非侵襲的上肢感覚の一時的なノックダウン法は公開されていません。
このメソッドの目的は、健常成人における一時的にノックダウン上肢の深部に高周波振動を使用することです。ノックダウンは、2 つの対策、振動検出しきい値 (VDT) と簡単な運動感覚テスト (tBKT) のタブレットのバージョンを使用して確認されました。VDT は核内局在求心性軸索伝送を反映すると考え感度の心理物理学的測定です。13感覚性能の私たちの研究室で開発中である tBKT を使用して定量化を行った。簡単な運動感覚テスト (BKT)、エアーズの仕事に基づいて14はのテストだった、国立衛生研究所 (NIH) ツールボックス コア電池含まれていない実験装置です。15,16 にはBKT には各上肢到達 3 つの試験が含まれています。TBKT 上肢あたり 20 到達試験が含まれています、オリジナル テストで計量心理学的特性を向上させる目的で開発中です。TBKT を含む感覚入力 (ターゲットに上肢の審査指導)、中央処理 (対象の空間的位置を覚えている) (指導が削除された後に、ターゲットを見つけようとしている)、モーター出力の測定で必要になると考え全体的な感覚パフォーマンス。17 VDT と tBKT の測定値18 、体性感覚の階層でそれぞれ、低および高レベルを表す、従ってどちらかの措置を単独で使用するよりも感覚のより包括的な定量化を提供する必要があります。
2 つの神経機構は、高周波振動によって引き起こされる減らされた感覚視力に最も密接に関連します。まず、パチニ小体は振動検知と関連付けられる最も一般的皮膚の受容です。このプロトコル可能性がありますで使用される連続的な振動は、核内局在で短期的な慣れの神経機構に基づく振動検出の β 繊維グループ パチニ小体に関連する受容体調整しきい値を発生させます。19生理学的結果は短い持続期間のための同じ強度と VDT テストで使用されている 128 Hz など周波数の振動を感じたことです。第二に、それは核内局在求心性線維を介して、筋紡錘が筋肉の長さを正確に高周波振動力再生、12時に減らされた正確さによって証明されるように歪んだ感覚情報の結果に従うをコードと考えられる動き、20,21 ・削減運動覚のような錯覚。22

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a simple non-invasive method for temporary knockdown of upper limb proprioception

感覚運動の神経制御へすべての貢献者の少なくともも測定があります。感覚の訓練の成果を測定する障害の臨床診断感覚の新しい正確な信頼できる対策が必要です。この簡単な非侵襲的方法の目的は、一時的にノックダウン上肢受容と上肢感覚対策のテストの開発に役立つと思われる程度の健康な成人にです。ノックダウン モデル固有感覚障害を持つ人間を勉強して 2 つの主要な利点がある: 参加者の可用性と参加者間で障害の程度を制御する機能。虚血性の神経ブロックや、凍結療法など、上肢の一時的な感覚ノックダウンの現在の公開メソッドは侵襲的、実用的ではない、または参加者の不快。ここでは、尺骨溝に振動は上肢の感覚を減らすために使用されました。高周波振動は、パチニ小体による入力を抑制することによって感覚視力を減らすことができます。このプロトコルで使われる振動の影響は、2 つの定量的な対策を使用して確認されました。このメソッドは、管理も単純に、参加者は、快適で実用的なだった。

ここで提示されたプロトコルを使用して、我々 はテスト健康成人 20 名、8 名が男性 (平均年齢 (SD) = 32.5 (12.5) 年; 19 右・左 1 - 左利き)。参加者には、上肢を含む既知の病変はなかった。利き手は、エジンバラのラテラリティを使用して査定されました。24研究参加者には、有害事象を報告されません。
各?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A Simple Non-invasive Method for Temporary Knockdown of Upper Limb Proprioception at JoVE.com

A Simple Non-invasive Method for Temporary Knockdown of Upper Limb Proprioception

このプロトコルの目的は、健康な人間の上肢の感覚を一時的に妨害する実用的な方法を示すことです。

単純な非侵襲的上肢感覚の一時的なノックダウン法

Proprioception may be the least well measured of all contributors to the neural control of movement. New precise, reliable measures of proprioception are ...

a-simple-non-invasive-method-for-temporary-knockdown-upper-limb

Research

JoVE Journal

Behavior

9.4K ビュー.  The College of St. Scholastica. このプロトコルの目的は、健康な人間の上肢の感覚を一時的に妨害する実用的な方法を示すことです。

ビデオ: A Simple Non-invasive Method for Temporary Knockdown of Upper Limb Proprioception

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography (EEG), Electromyography (EMG), and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Recent studies support the involvement of supraspinal networks in control of bipedal human walking. Part of this evidence encompasses studies, including our previous work, demonstrating that gait kinematics and limb coordination during treadmill walking can be inferred from the scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) with reasonably high decoding accuracies. These results provide impetus for development of non-invasive brain-machine-interface (BMI) systems for use in restoration and/or augmentation of gait- a primary goal of rehabilitation research. To date, studies examining EEG decoding of activity during gait have been limited to treadmill walking in a controlled environment. However, to be practically viable a BMI system must be applicable for use in everyday locomotor tasks such as over ground walking and turning. Here, we present a novel protocol for non-invasive collection of brain activity (EEG), muscle activity (electromyography (EMG)), and whole-body kinematic data (head, torso, and limb trajectories) during both treadmill and over ground walking tasks. By collecting these data in the uncontrolled environment insight can be gained regarding the feasibility of decoding unconstrained gait and surface EMG from scalp EEG.

Simultaneous Scalp Electroencephalography EEG, Electromyography EMG, and Whole-body Segmental Inertial Recording for Multi-modal Neural Decoding

Development of an effective brain-machine-interface (BMI) system for restoration and rehabilitation of bipedal locomotion requires accurate decoding of user's intent. Here we present a novel experimental protocol and data collection technique for simultaneous non-invasive acquisition of neural activity, muscle activity, and whole-body kinematics during various locomotion tasks and conditions.

同時頭皮脳波（EEG）、筋電図（EMG）、およびマルチモーダル神経復号化するための全身分節慣性録音

Recent  studies support the involvement of supraspinal networks in control of bipedal  human walking. Part of this evidence  encompasses studies, ...

行動学

Compensatory Limb Use and Behavioral Assessment of Motor Skill Learning Following Sensorimotor Cortex Injury in a Mouse Model of Ischemic Stroke

Mouse models have become increasingly popular in the field of behavioral neuroscience, and specifically in studies of experimental stroke. As models advance, it is important to develop sensitive behavioral measures specific to the mouse. The present protocol describes a skilled motor task for use in mouse models of stroke. The Pasta Matrix Reaching Task functions as a versatile and sensitive behavioral assay that permits experimenters to collect accurate outcome data and manipulate limb use to mimic human clinical phenomena including compensatory strategies (i.e., learned non-use) and focused rehabilitative training. When combined with neuroanatomical tools, this task also permits researchers to explore the mechanisms that support behavioral recovery of function (or lack thereof) following stroke. The task is both simple and affordable to set up and conduct, offering a variety of training and testing options for numerous research questions concerning functional outcome following injury. Though the task has been applied to mouse models of stroke, it may also be beneficial in studies of functional outcome in other upper extremity injury models.

Mouse models have become increasingly popular in studies of behavioral neuroscience. As models advance, it is important to develop sensitive behavioral measures specific to the mouse. This protocol describes the Pasta Matrix Reaching Task, which is a skilled motor task for use in mouse models of stroke.

代償四肢使用および虚血性脳卒中のマウスモデルにおける感覚皮質損傷後の運動技能の学習の行動評価

Mouse models have become increasingly popular in the field of behavioral neuroscience, and specifically in studies of experimental stroke. As models ...

Simple and Computer-assisted Olfactory Testing for Mice

Olfaction is highly conserved among species and is required for reproduction and survival.
In humans, olfaction is also one of the senses that is affected with aging and is a strong predictor of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, olfaction testing is used as a non-invasive diagnostic method to detect neurological deficits early on. In order to understand the mechanisms underlying olfactory network susceptibility, olfactory research in rodents has gained momentum in the past decade.
Here, we present a very simple, time efficient and reproducible olfactory testing method of innate odor perception and sensitivity in mice without the need of any prior food or water restriction. The tests are performed in a familiar environment to the mice, require only the scents and a 2 min session of odorant exposure. The analysis is performed, post-hoc, using computer-assisted commands on ImageJ and can be, therefore, carried out from start to end by one researcher.
This protocol does not require any special hardware or setup and is indicated for any laboratory interested in testing olfactory perception and sensitivity.

We present a simple and unbiased olfactory test in mice. With this protocol olfactory discrimination, preference, avoidance and sensitivity to a novel odor as compared to water can be assessed in single behavioral sessions. This method is indicated for a single experimenter and analysis is based on computer-assisted video processing.

シンプルでコンピュータ支援嗅覚テストマウス用

Olfaction is highly conserved among species and is required for reproduction and survival.
In humans, olfaction is also one of the senses that is affected ...

Non-Invasive Electrical Brain Stimulation Montages for Modulation of Human Motor Function

Non-invasive electrical brain stimulation (NEBS) is used to modulate brain function and behavior, both for research and clinical purposes. In particular, NEBS can be applied transcranially either as direct current stimulation (tDCS) or alternating current stimulation (tACS). These stimulation types exert time-, dose- and in the case of tDCS polarity-specific effects on motor function and skill learning in healthy subjects. Lately, tDCS has been used to augment the therapy of motor disabilities in patients with stroke or movement disorders. This article provides a step-by-step protocol for targeting the primary motor cortex with tDCS and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS), a specific form of tACS using an electrical current applied randomly within a pre-defined frequency range. The setup of two different stimulation montages is explained. In both montages the emitting electrode (the anode for tDCS) is placed on the primary motor cortex of interest. For unilateral motor cortex stimulation the receiving electrode is placed on the contralateral forehead while for bilateral motor cortex stimulation the receiving electrode is placed on the opposite primary motor cortex. The advantages and disadvantages of each montage for the modulation of cortical excitability and motor function including learning are discussed, as well as safety, tolerability and blinding aspects.

Non-invasive electrical brain stimulation can modulate cortical function and behavior, both for research and clinical purposes. This protocol describes different brain stimulation approaches for modulation of the human motor system.

人間の運動機能の調節のための非侵襲的電気脳刺激モンタージュ

Non-invasive electrical brain stimulation (NEBS) is used to modulate brain function and behavior, both for research and clinical purposes. In particular, ...

Event-related Potentials During Target-response Tasks to Study Cognitive Processes of Upper Limb Use in Children with Unilateral Cerebral Palsy

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral motor impairments that are frequently dominated in the upper limb. In addition to a reduced movement capacity of the affected upper limb, several children with unilateral CP show a reduced awareness of the remaining movement capacity of that limb. This phenomenon of disregarding the preserved capacity of the affected upper limb is regularly referred to as Developmental Disregard (DD). Different theories have been postulated to explain DD, each suggesting slightly different guidelines for therapy. Still, cognitive processes that might additionally contribute to DD in children with unilateral CP have never been directly studied. The current protocol was developed to study cognitive aspects involved in upper limb control in children with unilateral CP with and without DD. This was done by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) extracted from the ongoing EEG during target-response tasks asking for a hand-movement response. ERPs consist of several components, each of them associated with a well-defined cognitive process (e.g., the N1 with early attention processes, the N2 with cognitive control and the P3 with cognitive load and mental effort). Due to its excellent temporal resolution, the ERP technique enables to study several covert cognitive processes preceding overt motor responses and thus allows insight into the cognitive processes that might contribute to the phenomenon of DD. Using this protocol adds a new level of explanation to existing behavioral studies and opens new avenues to the broader implementation of research on cognitive aspects of developmental movement restrictions in children.

Several children with unilateral Cerebral Palsy seem to disregard the preserved capacity of their affected upper limb. This Developmental Disregard is extensively described in the literature but the involved cognitive processes have not been studied. To study underlying cognitive factors of upper limb control, an event-related potential protocol was developed.

ターゲット応答の作業中に事象関連電位片側脳性麻痺児の上肢利用の認知プロセスを研究するために

Unilateral Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is a very common cause of disability in childhood. It is characterized by unilateral ...

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

In spite of the success in applying non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG), magneto-encephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for extracting crucial information about the mechanism of the human brain, such methods remain insufficient to provide information about physiological processes reflecting cognitive and emotional functions at the subcortical level. In this respect, modern invasive clinical approaches in humans, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), offer a tremendous possibility to record subcortical brain activity, namely local field potentials (LFPs) representing coherent activity of neural assemblies from localized basal ganglia or thalamic regions. Notwithstanding the fact that invasive approaches in humans are applied only after medical indication and thus recorded data correspond to altered brain circuits, valuable insight can be gained regarding the presence of intact brain functions in relation to brain oscillatory activity and the pathophysiology of disorders in response to experimental cognitive paradigms. In this direction, a growing number of DBS studies in patients with Parkinson&#39;s disease (PD) target not only motor functions but also higher level processes such as emotions, decision-making, attention, memory and sensory perception. Recent clinical trials also emphasize the role of DBS as an alternative treatment in neuropsychiatric disorders ranging from obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) to chronic disorders of consciousness (DOC). Consequently, we focus on the use of combined invasive (LFP) and non-invasive (EEG) human brain recordings in assessing the role of cortical-subcortical structures in cognitive and emotional processing trough experimental paradigms (e.g. speech stimuli with emotional connotation or paradigms of cognitive control such as the Flanker task), for patients undergoing DBS treatment.

The present protocol aims at assessing cognitive-emotional functions in the basal ganglia by simultaneous neurophysiological recording of local field potentials and non-invasive brain cortical activity (EEG). The procedure is exemplified by the use of paradigms involving speech stimuli with emotional connotation or the Flanker task involving cognitive control.

認知の評価とヒトにおける感情的な関数の組み合わせ侵襲性皮質下および非侵襲性の面神経生理学レコーディング

In spite of the success in applying non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG), magneto-encephalography (MEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging ...

The Treadmill Fatigue Test: A Simple, High-throughput Assay of Fatigue-like Behavior for the Mouse

Fatigue is a prominent symptom in many diseases and disorders and reduces quality of life for many people. The lack of clear pathogenesis and failure of current interventions to adequately treat fatigue in all patients leaves a need for new treatment options. Despite the therapeutic need and importance of preclinical research in helping identify promising novel treatments, few preclinical assays of fatigue are available. Moreover, the most common preclinical assay used to assess fatigue-like behavior, voluntary wheel running, is not suitable for use with some strains of mice, may not be sensitive to drugs that reduce fatigue, and has relatively low throughput. The current protocol describes a novel, non-voluntary preclinical assay of fatigue-like behavior, the treadmill fatigue test, and provides evidence of its efficacy in detecting fatigue-like behavior in mice treated with a chemotherapy drug known to cause fatigue in humans and fatigue-like behavior in animals. This assay may be a beneficial alternative to wheel running, as fatigue-like behavior and potential interventions can be assessed in a greater number of mice over a shorter time frame, thus permitting faster discovery of new therapeutic options.

Fatigue is a common, undertreated and frequently poorly-understood symptom in many diseases and disorders. New preclinical assays of fatigue may help to improve current understanding and future treatment of fatigue. To that end, the current protocol provides a novel means of measuring fatigue-like behavior in the mouse.

トレッドミル疲労試験：マウスの​​疲労のような挙動のシンプルな、ハイスループットアッセイ

Fatigue is a prominent symptom in many diseases and disorders and reduces quality of life for many people. The lack of clear pathogenesis and failure of ...

Sit-to-stand-and-walk from 120% Knee Height: A Novel Approach to Assess Dynamic Postural Control Independent of Lead-limb

Individuals with sensorimotor pathology e.g., stroke have difficulty executing the common task of rising from sitting and initiating gait (sit-to-walk: STW). Thus, in clinical rehabilitation separation of sit-to-stand and gait initiation - termed sit-to-stand-and-walk (STSW) - is usual. However, a standardized STSW protocol with a clearly defined analytical approach suitable for pathological assessment has yet to be defined.
Hence, a goal-orientated protocol is defined that is suitable for healthy and compromised individuals by requiring the rising phase to be initiated from 120% knee height with a wide base of support independent of lead limb. Optical capture of three-dimensional (3D) segmental movement trajectories, and force platforms to yield two-dimensional (2D) center-of-pressure (COP) trajectories permit tracking of the horizontal distance between COP and whole-body-center-of-mass (BCOM), the decrease of which increases positional stability but is proposed to represent poor dynamic postural control.
BCOM-COP distance is expressed with and without normalization to subjects&#39; leg length. Whilst COP-BCOM distances vary through STSW, normalized data at the key movement events of seat-off and initial toe-off (TO1) during steps 1 and 2 have low intra and inter subject variability in 5 repeated trials performed by 10 young healthy individuals. Thus, comparing COP-BCOM distance at key events during performance of an STSW paradigm between patients with upper motor neuron injury, or other compromised patient groups, and normative data in young healthy individuals is a novel methodology for evaluation of dynamic postural stability.

Here, we present a novel protocol to measure positional stability at key events during the sit-to-stand-to-walk using the center-of-pressure to the whole-body-center-of-mass distance. This was derived from the force platform and three-dimensional motion-capture technology. The paradigm is reliable and can be utilized for the assessment of neurologically compromised individuals.

シットにスタンド・アンド・ウォーク120％の膝の高さから：鉛四肢の動的姿勢制御の独立性を評価するための新しいアプローチ

Individuals with sensorimotor pathology e.g., stroke have difficulty executing the common task of rising from sitting and initiating gait (sit-to-walk: ...

A Method to Test the Effect of Environmental Cues on Mating Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

An individual's sexual drive is influenced by genotype, experience and environmental conditions. How these factors interact to modulate sexual behaviors remains poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, environmental cues, such as food availability, affect mating activity offering a tractable system to investigate the mechanisms modulating sexual behavior. In D. melanogaster, environmental cues are often sensed via the chemosensory gustatory and olfactory systems. Here, we present a method to test the effect of environmental chemical cues on mating behavior. The assay consists of a small mating arena containing food medium and a mating couple. The mating frequency for each couple is continuously monitored for 24 h. Here we present the applicability of this assay to test environmental compounds from an external source through a pressurized air system as well as manipulation of the environmental components directly in the mating arena. The use of a pressurized air system is especially useful to test the effect of very volatile compounds, while manipulating components directly in the mating arena can be of value to ascertain a compound's presence. This assay can be adapted to answer questions about the influence of genetic and environmental cues on mating behavior and fecundity as well as other male and female reproductive behaviors.

A Method to Test the Effect of Environmental Cues on Mating Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

We demonstrate an assay to analyze the environmental and genetic cues that influence mating behavior in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster.

環境内の交信が交配行動に及ぼす影響を調べる方法<em&gt;ショウジョウバエmelanogaster</em

An individual's sexual drive is influenced by genotype, experience and environmental conditions. How these factors interact to modulate sexual behaviors ...

Mobile Game-based Virtual Reality Program for Upper Extremity Stroke Rehabilitation

Stroke rehabilitation requires repetitive, intensive, goal-oriented therapy. Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to satisfy these requirements. Game-based therapy can promote patients&#39; engagement in rehabilitation therapy as a more interesting and a motivating tool. Mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet PCs can provide personalized home-based therapy with interactive communication between patients and clinicians. In this study, a mobile VR upper extremity rehabilitation program using game applications was developed. The findings from the study show that the mobile game-based VR program effectively promotes upper extremity recovery in patients with stroke. In addition, patients completed two weeks of treatment using the program without adverse effects and were generally satisfied with the program. This mobile game-based VR upper extremity rehabilitation program can substitute for some parts of the conventional therapy that are delivered one-on-one by an occupational therapist. This time-efficient, easy to implement, and clinically effective program would be a good candidate tool for tele-rehabilitation for upper extremity recovery in patients with stroke. Patients and therapists can collaborate remotely through these e-health rehabilitation programs while reducing economic and social costs.

Here, we present a protocol to develop and apply a mobile game-based virtual reality program for the recovery of upper limb dysfunction in patients with stroke. The present study shows that the mobile program is feasible and effectively promotes upper limb recovery in stroke patients.