著者は、卵巣を提供する親切 UNESP-FCAV で犬の滅菌プログラムを認めます。この作品は、FAPESP (プロセス号 2013/14293-0) と岬からの補助金によって支えられました。

この実験は、犬の滅菌プログラムで手術後寄贈 4 雑種メス犬の卵巣を行った。この実験は UNESP-FCAV (プロトコル番号 026991/13) の動物の使用の倫理委員会で承認されました。
1. 実験準備
<ol><li>準備またはダルベッコ滅菌リン酸緩衝生理食塩水 (DPBS) カルシウムやマグネシウムなしの 500 mL を購入します。</li>
	<li>準備、コラゲナーゼの DPBS 1 mL に酵素 40 μ g を混合することによってソリューションをストックします。0.2 μ m のシリンジ フィルターを使用してフィルターを適用し、-20 ° C で 2 mL 因数を格納</li>
	<li>ダルベッコ変法イーグル培地 (DMEM) 低グルコース 10% 胎児血清と抗生物質の 1% から培地を準備します。</li>
	<li>滅菌材料を集める: ハサミ、鉗子、培養フラスコ料理・ チューブ ・ 10 mL と 5 mL のピペットです。</li>
	<li>標準的な細胞培養実験装置を使用して: 生物学的安全キャビネット (BSC)、5% CO2と 38 ° C、および遠心分離機に設定セル文化インキュベーター。</li>
	<li>きれいに BSC: 70% に滅菌手袋をはめた手で UV ライトを使用して、エタノール。</li>
</ol>2. 卵巣から幹細胞の分離
<ol><li>手術後、ラボに到着するまで円錐管で氷の上の PBS で卵巣を維持します。</li>
	<li>10 mL の PBS で 2 つの 100 mm ペトリ皿を埋めます。</li>
	<li>チューブから卵巣を削除し、PBS で最初のシャーレにそれらを転送します。動きの混合で洗ってください。</li>
	<li>優しく卵巣を取得し、別皿に。滅菌ピンセットとはさみ、約 1 mm サイズの非常に小さな部分に、ティッシュをミンチします。</li>
	<li>35 mm ペトリ皿の卵巣組織を転送し、コラゲナーゼの 2 mL を追加します。もう少し組織をミンチします。</li>
	<li>ペトリ皿を 38 ° C で 3 時間のためのインキュベーターで置き、円形の動き 20 分毎でシャーレを軽く振る。</li>
	<li>3 時間後に、インキュベーターからペトリ皿を削除します。</li>
	<li>15 mL チューブに料理の内容を転送します。増殖培地 5 mL を追加します。</li>
	<li>軽く遠心分離前にチューブを反転します。2100 x g で 7 分間削除でチューブに上清を遠心し、増殖培地 3 mL にペレットを再懸濁します。</li>
	<li>T25 ボトルにペレットを転送します。5% でインキュベーターでボトルを配置38 ° C 3 時間で CO2 。 注: プロシージャの最も重要な部分は、インキュベーションの 3 h 後メディアを変更することです。</li>
	<li>インキュベーターからボトルを外し、残りの組織とメディア。新鮮な増殖培地 3 mL をボトルに追加します。</li>
	<li>メディアごとの 48 h を変更し、細胞の合流のためのびんを調べます。 注: プロシージャの主な手順は、図 1に観察できます。</li>
</ol>3. 卵巣から幹細胞の拡大
<ol><li>
セルの通路
	<ol>
<li>セルが合流点に達したら、ボトルからメディアを削除します。</li>
		<li>PBS の 3 ml ボトルを洗います。PBS を削除します。</li>
		<li>1.5 mL のトリプシンおよび 3 分の 38 ° C でインキュベーターでボトルをデタッチする細胞を助けてボトルを軽く入れを追加します。 注: 電池が合流点約 5 - 7 初期めっき後 d に達する必要があります。</li>
		<li>増殖培地 3 mL を追加し、内容を円錐管に転送します。</li>
		<li>2100 x gで 7 分間削除でチューブに上清を遠心し、増殖培地 1 mL を加えます。</li>
		<li>優しく管の内容をホモジナイズしてください。</li>
		<li>カウントのインキュベーターにセルでチューブを入れてセルを実行するサンプルの 10 μ L の因数を取る。</li>
		<li>場所 10 μ、検定にミックス。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
	<li>
セルをカウント
	<ol>
<li>顕微鏡の対物レンズ 10 倍を使用し、検定のグリッド行に焦点を当てます。</li>
		<li>5 つの小さな正方形 (図 2) のセルをカウントします。</li>
		<li>カウント数を 50,000 ミリリットルあたりのセル数を推定するに乗算します。</li>
	</ol>
</li>
</ol>4. 卵巣からの間葉系幹細胞の分化
注: 分化アッセイのヒルらに規定されたガイドラインに従って行われました。9。
<ol><li>好評につき、3 通、4 ウェル培養皿を用いた種子 1.0 × 104セルです。</li>
	<li>拡張メディアの 1 つの mL を追加します。</li>
	<li>円形の動きが付いている皿を振ちましょう。</li>
	<li>24 h 後、培地を望ましい分化メディアに置き換えます。</li>
	<li>骨、脂肪細胞、軟骨細胞分化誘導メディア 30 d で細胞をインキュベート、メディアの交換すべて 3 d. 特定の分化キットはそれぞれこれらのアッセイのため使用されました。</li>
	<li>神経因性の系統分化誘導メディア、メディアの交換すべての 3 d と 10 d の細胞を孵化させなさい。ここで使用するメディアには、DMEM 低血糖 2 mM バルプロ酸、1 μ M ヒドロコルチゾン、10 μ M フォルスコリン、塩化カリウム 5 mM、5 μ G/ml, インスリン, 200 μ M ブチルヒドロキシアニソールが含まれています。</li>
	<li>内胚葉前駆体の 5 d は内胚葉メディア試薬製造元の指示に従って、孵化させなさい。</li>
	<li>始原生殖細胞系への分化、14 d、メディアの交換すべて 3 d で誘導メディア内のセルを孵化させなさい。ここで使用されるメディアに DMEM, 10 %fbs, ピルビン酸ナトリウム 1 mM、10 ng/mL LIF、1 mM 非必須アミノ酸、2 mM L グルタミン、5 μ g/mL インスリン、0.1 mM β-メルカプトエタノール、60 μ M のプトレシン、20 μ G/ml トランスフェリン、10 ng/mL マウス表皮成長因子、1 ng/mL の人間が含まれています。塩基性繊維芽細胞成長因子 40 ng/mL 人間グリア細胞由来神経栄養因子と 15 mg/L ペニシリン。</li>
</ol>

<ol>
	<li>Gazit, Z., Pelled, G., Sheyn, D., Kimelman, N., Gazit, D., Atala, A., Lanza, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cells.">Mesenchymal stem cells.</a> Handbook of Stem Cells (2nd Edition). , 513-527 (2013).</li><li>Zipori, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+nature+of+stem+cells:+state+rather+than+entity.">The nature of stem cells: state rather than entity.</a> Nature Reviews Genetics. 5 (11), 873-878 (2004).</li><li>Auersperg, N., Wong, A. S., Choi, K. C., Kang, S. K., Leung, P. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ovarian+surface+epithelium:+biology,+endocrinology,+and+pathology.">Ovarian surface epithelium: biology, endocrinology, and pathology.</a> Endocrine Reviews. 22 (2), 255-288 (2001).</li><li>Ahmed, N., Thompson, E. W., Quinn, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epithelial-mesenchymal+interconversions+in+normal+ovarian+surface+epithelium+and+ovarian+carcinomas:+an+exception+to+the+norm.">Epithelial-mesenchymal interconversions in normal ovarian surface epithelium and ovarian carcinomas: an exception to the norm.</a> Journal of Cellular Physiology. 213 (3), 581-588 (2007).</li><li>Bukovsky, A., Svetlikova, M., Caudle, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oogenesis+in+cultures+derived+from+adult+human+ovaries.">Oogenesis in cultures derived from adult human ovaries.</a> Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology. 3 (1), 17 (2005).</li><li>Gong, S. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryonic+stem+cell-like+cells+established+by+culture+of+adult+ovarian+cells+in+mice.">Embryonic stem cell-like cells established by culture of adult ovarian cells in mice.</a> Fertility and Sterility. 93 (8), 2594-2601 (2010).</li><li>Johnson, J., Canning, J., Kaneko, T., Pru, J. K., Tilly, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Germline+stem+cells+and+follicular+renewal+in+the+postnatal+mammalian+ovary.">Germline stem cells and follicular renewal in the postnatal mammalian ovary.</a> Nature. 428 (6979), 145 (2004).</li><li>Deans, R. J., Moseley, A. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+stem+cells:+biology+and+potential+clinical+uses.">Mesenchymal stem cells: biology and potential clinical uses.</a> Experimental Hematology. 28 (8), 875-884 (2000).</li><li>Trinda Hill, A. B. T., Therrien, J., Garcia, J. M., Smith, L. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal-like+stem+cells+in+canine+ovary+show+high+differentiation+potential.">Mesenchymal-like stem cells in canine ovary show high differentiation potential.</a> Cell Proliferation. 50 (6), 12391 (2017).</li><li>Dominici, M. L. B. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimal+criteria+for+defining+multipotent+mesenchymal+stromal+cells.+The+International+Society+for+Cellular+Therapy+position+statement.">Minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells. The International Society for Cellular Therapy position statement.</a> Cytotherapy. 8, 4315-4317 (2006).</li><li>Friedenstein, A. J., Piatetzky-Shapiro, I. I., Petrakova, K. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Osteogenesis+in+transplants+of+bone+marrow+cells.">Osteogenesis in transplants of bone marrow cells.</a> Development. 16 (3), 381-390 (1966).</li><li>Kuznetsov, S. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-colony+derived+strains+of+human+marrow+stromal+fibroblasts+form+bone+after+transplantation+in+vivo.">Single-colony derived strains of human marrow stromal fibroblasts form bone after transplantation in vivo.</a> Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 12 (9), 1335-1347 (1997).</li></ol>

著者が明らかに何もありません。

ここ MSCs が卵巣摘出後生物系廃棄物をある犬の卵巣組織から分離でき、証拠を提供します。卵巣に多くの細胞のタイプを見つけることができます、という事実のために、プラスチックは、線維芽細胞のような形態の単分子膜の成長細胞を正常に選択への急速な遵守に基づいて MSCs を選択するプロトコルを提案しました。
MSCs の骨髄からの派生の最初レポートは文化<sup clas...

幹細胞に焦点を当てるを過去 10 年間強力な再生医療の治療法の発見の集団の目標によって支えられている研究努力で大幅に増加している発表された研究の数です。幹細胞がある 2 つの主要な定義のマーカー: 自己改修と分化。間葉系幹細胞は正規の組織の売り上げ高し、分化1胚性幹細胞と比較した場合の制限のより強い能力を持っています。最近では、多くの研究は、MSCs の分化の広い範囲を示しているし、の議論の下でトピックがすべて2胎児および成体幹細胞の違いが存在するかどうか。
卵巣表面上皮は、コミットされていない細胞の層、比較的少ない差別化、表現両方上皮と間葉系マーカー3、さまざまな種類の細胞に分化する能力を保持します。環境シグナル4。卵巣の幹細胞の正確な位置はよく知られている; ないです。しかし、逃げずに bipotential 前駆細胞が生殖細胞5に上昇を与えることが提案されている.これらの細胞が間質起源6を持っているまたはまたは卵巣表面7に近位に存在する、免疫学的研究、仮説を立てた。迅速な接着と細胞の人口の選択セルの人口を明確に特定するという仮説を検証する実験が設計された以来、間葉系幹細胞は、細胞接着8で重要な役割を果たす多くの受容体を表現、自然の中に間葉系として characterizable。最近、私たちのグループは、MSCs の迅速な接着9電池の精製された人口を得るために、文化の最初の 3 時間で培養皿のプラスチック表面への密着性の能力に基づく卵巣組織からの派生を報告しました。ここでは、卵巣組織から間葉系幹細胞分離法の開発について述べる.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">DPBS&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">14190144</td>
			<td style="width:171px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">Collagenase I</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">17100017</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">Tissue flask</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">CLS3056</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">DMEM low glucose</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">11054020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">FBS</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">12484-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">TrypLE express</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">12604021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:221px;">StemPro Adipogenesis Differentiation Kit</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">A1007001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:221px;">StemPro Chondrogenesis Differentiation Kit</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">A1007101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:221px;">StemPro Osteogenesis Differentiation Kit</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">A1007201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:221px;">STEMdiff Definitive Endoderm Kit</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">StemCell</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">5110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">15070063</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">CD45</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">AbD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">MCA 2035S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">CD34</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">AbD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">MCA 2411GA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">CD90</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">AbD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">MCA 1036G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">CD44</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">AbD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">MCA 1041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">Nestin</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Milipore</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">MAB353</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">&#946;-Tubulin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Milipore</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">MAB1637</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">DDX4</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">PA5 -23378</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">IgG- FITC</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">AbD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">STAR80F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:221px;">IgG- FITC</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">AbD Serotec</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">STAR120F</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

derivation and differentiation of canine ovarian mesenchymal stem cells

間葉系幹細胞 (MSCs) の金利は、分離、拡張、および文化の容易にするため過去 10 年間増加しています。最近、研究はこれらの細胞を持っている広い分化能力を実証しています。卵巣は、MSCs が豊富です、それは頻繁、生物系廃棄物として卵巣摘出手術後破棄されるため細胞ベースの治療のための有望な候補を表します。隔離、拡張のための手順を説明し、細胞選別の必要なし、犬の卵巣由来の分化技術。このプロトコルは、臨床試験のこれらの高い微分可能セルの幅広い適用性のため再生医療のための重要なツールを表し、治療を使用します。

犬の卵巣から幹細胞の分離:
卵巣の MSC 分離手順は、図 1のとおりです。手術、組織のミンチ、コラゲナーゼの消化力、メディア変更文化の初めの後の 3 時間後、急速なプラスチック接着特性と推定される MSC 人口が犬の卵巣組織から正常に分離された.収穫された細胞は培養?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Derivation and Differentiation of Canine Ovarian Mesenchymal Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Derivation and Differentiation of Canine Ovarian Mesenchymal Stem Cells

ここで、分離、拡張、および犬の卵巣組織から間葉系幹細胞の分化の手法について述べる。

導出とイヌの卵巣間葉系幹細胞の分化

Interest in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has increased over the past decade due to their ease of isolation, expansion, and culture. Recently, studies ...

この手順の全体的な目標は、間葉系茎を分離、拡大、および区別する、イニの卵巣組織由来の販売。この実験は、犬の殺菌プログラムで選択的手術後に寄贈された4匹のモングレル雌犬の卵巣で行われた。この実験は、サンパウロ州立大学FVACの動物の使用に関する倫理委員会によって承認されました。代表結果。ディスカッション.結論。

derivation-differentiation-canine-ovarian-mesenchymal-stem

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

5.6K ビュー.  São Paulo State University (UNESP). この手順の全体的な目標は、間葉系茎を分離、拡大、および区別する、イニの卵巣組織由来の販売。この実験は、犬の殺菌プログラムで選択的手術後に寄贈された4匹のモングレル雌犬の卵巣で行われた。この実験は、サンパウロ州立大学FVACの動物の使用に関する倫理委員会によって承認されました。代表結果。ディスカッション.結論。

ビデオ: Derivation and Differentiation of Canine Ovarian Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and endothelial cells and hold great promise in cell therapy against heart disease. Among various methods to isolate CPCs, differentiation of embryonic stem cell (ESC) into CPCs attracts great attention in the field since ESCs can provide unlimited cell source. As a result, numerous strategies have been developed to derive CPCs from ESCs. In this protocol, differentiation and purification of embryonic CPCs from both mouse and human ESCs is described. Due to the difficulty of using cell surface markers to isolate embryonic CPCs, ESCs are engineered with fluorescent reporters activated by CPC-specific cre recombinase expression. Thus, CPCs can be enriched by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). This protocol illustrates procedures to form embryoid bodies (EBs) from ESCs for CPC specification and enrichment. The isolated CPCs can be subsequently cultured for cardiac lineage differentiation and other biological assays. This protocol is optimized for robust and efficient derivation of CPCs from both mouse and human ESCs.

In this protocol, derivation of cardiac progenitor cells from both mouse and human embryonic stem cells will be illustrated. A major strategy in this protocol is to enrich cardiac progenitor cells with flow cytometry using fluorescent reporters engineered into the embryonic stem cell lines.

胚性幹細胞から心臓前駆細胞の誘導

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and endothelial cells and hold great ...

発生生物学

Efficient Derivation of Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells from Stem Cells

No cure has been discovered for age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 55. AMD is complex multifactorial disease with an unknown etiology, although it is largely thought to occur due to death or dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), a monolayer of cells that underlies the retina and provides critical support for photoreceptors. RPE cell replacement strategies may hold great promise for providing therapeutic relief for a large subset of AMD patients, and RPE cells that strongly resemble primary human cells (hRPE) have been generated in multiple independent labs, including our own. In addition, the uses for iPS-RPE are not limited to cell-based therapies, but also have been used to model RPE diseases. These types of studies may not only elucidate the molecular bases of the diseases, but also serve as invaluable tools for developing and testing novel drugs. We present here an optimized protocol for directed differentiation of RPE from stem cells. Adding nicotinamide and either Activin A or IDE-1, a small molecule that mimics its effects, at specific time points, greatly enhances the yield of RPE cells. Using this technique we can derive large numbers of low passage RPE in as early as three months.

Stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells may be used for multiple applications including cell-based therapies for retinal degeneration, disease modeling, and drug studies. Here we present a simple protocol for reproducibly deriving RPE from stem cells.

幹細胞から網膜色素上皮細胞の効率的な導出

No cure has been discovered for age-related macular degeneration  (AMD), the leading cause of vision loss in people over the age of 55. AMD is complex ...

Derivation of Highly Purified Cardiomyocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Small Molecule-modulated Differentiation and Subsequent Glucose Starvation

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have become an important cell source to address the lack of primary cardiomyocytes available for basic research and translational applications. To differentiate hiPSCs into cardiomyocytes, various protocols including embryoid body (EB)-based differentiation and growth factor induction have been developed. However, these protocols are inefficient and highly variable in their ability to generate purified cardiomyocytes. Recently, a small molecule-based protocol utilizing modulation of Wnt/&#946;-Catenin signaling was shown to promote cardiac differentiation with high efficiency. With this protocol, greater than 50%-60% of differentiated cells were cardiac troponin-positive cardiomyocytes were consistently observed. To further increase cardiomyocyte purity, the differentiated cells were subjected to glucose starvation to specifically eliminate non-cardiomyocytes based on the metabolic differences between cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes. Using this selection strategy, we consistently obtained a greater than 30% increase in the ratio of cardiomyocytes to non-cardiomyocytes in a population of differentiated cells. These highly purified cardiomyocytes should enhance the reliability of results from human iPSC-based in vitro disease modeling studies and drug screening assays.

Here, we describe a robust protocol for human cardiomyocyte derivation that combines small molecule-modulated cardiac differentiation and glucose deprivation-mediated cardiomyocyte purification, enabling production of purified cardiomyocytes for the purposes of cardiovascular disease modeling and drug screening.

小分子変調分化とその後のグルコース飢餓を用いたヒト人工多能性幹細胞からの高度に精製された心筋細胞の導出

Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) have become an important cell source to address the lack of primary cardiomyocytes ...

Feeder-free Derivation of Melanocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a platform to study human development in vitro under both normal and disease conditions. Researchers can direct the differentiation of hPSCs into the cell type of interest by manipulating the culture conditions to recapitulate signals seen during development. One such cell type is the melanocyte, a pigment-producing cell of neural crest (NC) origin responsible for protecting the skin against UV irradiation. This protocol presents an extension of a currently available in vitro Neural Crest differentiation protocol from hPSCs to further differentiate NC into fully pigmented melanocytes. Melanocyte precursors can be enriched from the Neural Crest protocol via a timed exposure to activators of WNT, BMP, and EDN3 signaling under dual-SMAD-inhibition conditions. The resultant melanocyte precursors are then purified and matured into fully pigmented melanocytes by culture in a selective medium. The resultant melanocytes are fully pigmented and stain appropriately for proteins characteristic of mature melanocytes.

This work describes an in vitro differentiation protocol to produce pigmented, mature melanocytes from human pluripotent stem cells via a neural crest and melanoblast intermediate stage using a feeder-free, 25 day protocol.

ヒト多能性幹細胞からメラノサイトのフィーダーフリーの導出

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) represent a platform to study human development in vitro under both normal and disease conditions. Researchers can ...

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

Specific gene transcription is a key biological process that underlies cell fate decision during embryonic development. The biological process is mediated by transcription factors which bind genomic regulatory regions including enhancers and promoters of cardiac constitutive genes. DNA is wrapped around histones that are subjected to chemical modifications. Modifications of histones further lead to repressed, activated or poised gene transcription, thus bringing another level of fine tuning regulation of gene transcription. Embryonic Stem cells (ES cells) recapitulate within embryoid bodies (i.e., cell aggregates) or in 2D culture the early steps of cardiac development. They provide in principle enough material for chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), a technology broadly used to identify gene regulatory regions. Furthermore, human ES cells represent a human cell model of cardiogenesis. At later stages of development, mouse embryonic tissues allow for investigating specific epigenetic landscapes required for determination of cell identity. Herein, we describe protocols of ChIP, sequential ChIP followed by PCR or ChIP-sequencing using ES cells, embryoid bodies and cardiac specific embryonic regions. These protocols allow to investigating the epigenetic regulation of cardiac gene transcription.

A fine tuning regulation of gene transcription underlies embryonic cell fate decision. Herein, we describe chromatin immunoprecipitation assays used to investigate epigenetic regulation of both cardiac differentiation of stem cells and cardiac development of mouse embryos.

胚性幹細胞や組織の心臓分化のエピジェネティック制御

Specific gene transcription is a key biological process that underlies cell fate decision during embryonic development. The biological process is mediated ...

Isolation and Expansion of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Human Placenta Tissue

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for use in cell-based therapies. In most cases, therapeutic response appears to be cell-dose dependent. Human term placenta is rich in MSC and is a physically large tissue that is generally discarded following birth. Placenta is an ideal starting material for the large-scale manufacture of multiple cell doses of allogeneic MSC. The placenta is a fetomaternal organ from which either fetal or maternal tissue can be isolated. This article describes the placental anatomy and procedure to dissect apart the decidua (maternal), chorionic villi (fetal), and chorionic plate (fetal) tissue. The protocol then outlines how to isolate MSC from each dissected tissue region, and provides representative analysis of expanded MSC derived from the respective tissue types. These methods are intended for pre-clinical MSC isolation, but have also been adapted for clinical manufacture of placental MSC for human therapeutic use.

Herein we describe methods for the dissection of fetal and maternal tissues from human term placenta, followed by isolation and expansion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) from these tissues.

単離およびヒト胎盤組織由来の間葉系幹/間質細胞の増殖

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are promising candidates for use in cell-based therapies. In most cases, therapeutic response appears to be cell-dose ...

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells

Myocardial infarction and the subsequent ischemic cascade result in the extensive loss of cardiomyocytes, leading to congestive heart failure, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising option for cell-based therapies to replace current, invasive techniques. MSCs can differentiate into mesenchymal lineages, including cardiac cell types, but complete differentiation into functional cells has not yet been achieved. Previous methods of differentiation were based on pharmacological agents or growth factors. However, more physiologically relevant strategies can also enable MSCs to undergo cardiomyogenic transformation. Here, we present a differentiation method using MSC aggregates on cardiomyocyte feeder layers to produce cardiomyocyte-like contracting cells.
Human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPVCs) have been shown to have a greater differentiation potential than commonly investigated MSC types, such as bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs). As an ontogenetically younger source, we investigated the cardiomyogenic potential of first-trimester (FTM) HUCPVCs compared to older sources. FTM HUCPVCs are a novel, rich source of MSCs that retain their in utero immunoprivileged properties when cultured in vitro. Using this differentiation protocol, FTM and term HUCPVCs achieved significantly increased cardiomyogenic differentiation compared to BMSCs, as indicated by the increased expression of cardiomyocyte markers (i.e., myocyte enhancer factor 2C, cardiac troponin T, heavy chain cardiac myosin, signal regulatory protein &#945;, and connexin 43). They also maintained significantly lower immunogenicity, as demonstrated by their lower HLA-A expression and higher HLA-G expression. Applying aggregate-based differentiation, FTM HUCPVCs showed increased aggregate formation potential and generated contracting cells clusters within 1 week of co-culture on cardiac feeder layers, becoming the first MSC type to do so. 
Our results demonstrate that this differentiation strategy can effectively harness the cardiomyogenic potential of young MSCs, such as FTM HUCPVCs, and suggests that in vitro pre-differentiation could be a potential strategy to increase their regenerative efficacy in vivo.

In Vitro Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Functional Cardiomyocyte-like Cells

Here, we present a method to efficiently harness the cardiac differentiation potential of young sources of human mesenchymal stem cells in order to generate functional, contracting, cardiomyocyte-like cells in vitro.

体外ヒト間葉系幹細胞の心筋細胞のような細胞への分化

Myocardial infarction and the subsequent ischemic cascade result in the extensive loss of cardiomyocytes, leading to congestive heart failure, the leading ...

Integration Free Derivation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Laminin 521 Matrix

Xeno-free and fully defined conditions are key parameters for robust and reproducible generation of homogenous human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells. Maintenance of hiPS cells on feeder cells or undefined matrices are susceptible to batch variances, pathogenic contamination and risk of immunogenicity. Utilizing the defined recombinant human laminin 521 (LN-521) matrix in combination with xeno-free and defined media formulations reduces variability and allows for the consistent generation of hiPS cells. The Sendai virus (SeV) vector is a non-integrating RNA-based system, thus circumventing concerns associated with the potential disruptive effect on genome integrity integrating vectors can have. Furthermore, these vectors have demonstrated relatively high efficiency in the reprogramming of dermal fibroblasts. In addition, enzymatic single cell passaging of cells facilitates homogeneous maintenance of hiPS cells without substantial prior experience of stem cell culture. Here we describe a protocol that has been extensively tested and developed with a focus on reproducibility and ease of use, providing a robust and practical way to generate defined and xeno-free human hiPS cells from fibroblasts.

Robust derivation of human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) cells was achieved by using non-integrating Sendai virus (SeV) vector mediated reprogramming of dermal fibroblasts. hiPS cell maintenance and clonal expansion was performed using xeno-free and chemically defined culture conditions with recombinant human laminin 521 (LN-521) matrix and Essential E8 (E8) Medium.

ラミニン521マトリックスを用いたヒト誘導多能性幹細胞の統合された誘導

Xeno-free and fully defined conditions are key parameters for robust and reproducible generation of homogenous human induced pluripotent stem (hiPS) ...

Rapid, Directed Differentiation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Human Embryonic or Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

We describe a robust method to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). The purpose of providing a detailed and thorough protocol is to clearly demonstrate each step and to make this readily available to researchers in the field. This protocol results in a homogenous layer of RPE with minimal or no manual dissection needed. The method presented here has been shown to be effective for induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) and human embryonic stem cells. Additionally, we describe methods for cryopreservation of intermediate cell banks that allow long-term storage. RPE generated using this protocol might be useful for iPSC disease-in-a-dish modeling or clinical application.

This protocol describes how to produce retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) from pluripotent stem cells. The method uses a combination of growth factors and small molecules to direct the differentiation of stem cells into immature RPE in fourteen days and mature, functional RPE after three months.

人間の胚または誘導多能性幹細胞からの網膜色素上皮細胞の急速な監督の分化

We describe a robust method to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). The purpose of providing ...

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and chromosome dynamics. While the germline is an excellent model, the analysis is often two dimensional due to the time and labor required for three-dimensional analysis. Major readouts in such studies are the number/position of nuclei and protein distribution within the germline. Here, we present a method to perform automated analysis of the germline using confocal microscopy and computational approaches to determine the number and position of nuclei in each region of the germline. Our method also analyzes germline protein distribution that enables the three-dimensional examination of protein expression in different genetic backgrounds. Further, our study shows variations in cytoskeletal architecture in distinct regions of the germline that may accommodate specific spatial developmental requirements. Finally, our method enables automated counting of the sperm in the spermatheca of each germline. Taken together, our method enables rapid and reproducible phenotypic analysis of the C. elegans germline.

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

We present an automated method for three-dimensional reconstruction of the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. Our method determines the number and position of each nucleus within the germline and analyses germline protein distribution and cytoskeletal structure.

核の分布、蛋白質および細胞骨格を研究する線虫生殖細胞の解析

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and ...