キューティクル変異体を同定するためにI.ビジュアル画面および逆遺伝学的アプローチ。 モデル植物のシロイヌナズナの表皮の変異体は、&quot;ベアリングではないろう&quot;を意味する&quot;eceriferum&quot;変異体、と呼ばれています。彼らはちょうど変異体を調べることで、つまり、視覚的な画面になることができますが、その変異体は、濃い緑色の光沢のある茎を持つ一方、野生型植物の花序茎が白っぽくなることがわかります。視覚的な画面のこのタイプで分離された変異体の一つは、この1つ、eceriferum4またはcer4と呼ばれる。 別の逆遺伝学のアプローチとなる興味深いキューティクルの変異を検出する方法：興味の選択の候補遺伝子とその遺伝子を植物系統を研究が中断。これらの変異体は、TDNA、このケースでは、我々は今MAH1を呼び出すことがチトクロームP450を目的とする遺伝子を破壊している。 PCRの結果は、（ビデオに示すような）TDNAの挿入が関心のある遺伝子にあることを確認することができます。つの遺伝子特異的プライマーは野生型DNAを増幅するために使用されるとき、我々は製品を参照してください、しかしTDNA割り込み場合は、この変異体のように、そこに商品がない。逆に、TDNAと遺伝子に特異的なプライマーを用いて、製品は、変異体で見られている。我々は、遺伝子の母親と父親の両方のコピーが中断されているホモ接合変異体のラインを探します。遺伝子のコピーは、TDNAによって破壊され、他のコピーがまだ野生型であり、PCRの結果が混在している場合。 II。 Cutlicleワックスの化学組成を決定するためにガスクロマトグラフィーを用いて。 我々は、ガスクロマトグラフィーを用いてワックスの化学組成を分析する。最初に、水溶性ワックスの化合物は、クロロホルムに浸漬することにより、植物の表面から除去されています。 それらを加熱してガスの流れ上を介して送信される場所にし、試料は、ガスクロマトグラフィーカラムに注入されています。別の化合物は化合物の分離、カラムの壁に多かれ少なかれスティック、およびそれらの列の他の端に次々に出てくる。化合物は水素炎イオン化検出器を通過するにつれて、我々はピークを参照してください。各ピークの保持時間が異なる化合物の特徴であると、質量分析から、我々はシロイヌナズナワックスの成分のそれぞれを同定した。主要なピークは存在C29アルカン、C29ケトンとC29二級アルコールのことです。マイナーピークは第二級アルコール、脂肪酸、アルデヒド及びエステルである。標準に対する相対ピーク下の面積は、、どのくらいの各化合物の存在である私達に伝えます。 これらのキューティクルの変異体からのガスクロマトグラムを見るとき、人はmah1が第二級アルコールおよびケトンを欠く状態にある間cer4は、第一級アルコールとエステルを欠く方法に気づくことができる。これらの表現型は、私たちに、植物における目的遺伝子の機能について多くを伝えることができます。例えば、我々はcer4ラインに変異した遺伝子知っていた前に、表現型は、生合成経路の第一級アルコールのブランチに問題があったことを私たちに語った。その遺伝子の分子識別はクンストラボで研究された後、それがこの化学物質の表現型とよく適合する脂肪酸アシル還元酵素の遺伝子ファミリーの一部であることが発見されました。 III。キューティクル結晶の構造を決定するためにクライオSEMを用いて彼らは茎に暗緑色、光沢のある表現型又は野生型白っぽい外観を持っている場合我々はシロイヌナズナ表皮の変異体を研究するとき、我々が見ることができます。我々は、植物の表面にキューティクルを見て、視覚的な表現の基礎を識別するために、走査型電子顕微鏡を使用してください。我々は、SEMが動作する真空を必要とし、それらを冷凍保存せず、試料が乾燥し、崩壊してしまうので、キューティクルをそのまま保つために植物を凍結し、液体窒素温度でそれを表示し、低温SEMを使用してください。 ここcer4とmah1サンプルは、野生型コントロールと共に、SEMのスタブに解剖し、凍結されています。サンプルは顕微鏡のコールドステージに転送されるときは、野生型シロイヌナズナの茎の表皮の表面が結晶で覆われていることがわかります。それは、幹にその白っぽい外観を与えるそれらの結晶をオフに散乱される光です。ここcer4ステムは、それが光沢のある見て覚えてる？それは表面に結晶を欠いている。 人々は植物のキューティクルから純粋なワックスの化合物を分離し、彼らが実験室でそれを再結晶するとき、結晶は植物に見られるものと同じ形状を形成する実験を行っている。シロイヌナズナでは、我々は結晶化合物の混合物で構成され、状況はより複雑であると信じています。例えば、化学分析はcer4で、第一級アルコールとその誘導体のエステルの唯一のマイナーなコンポーネントが欠落していることを私達に示して、まだCE上での結晶R4幹がなくなっている。 mah1の場合は、そのシトクロムP450酵素の変異の影響は、変異体植物はワックス、第二級アルコールおよびケトンの2つの主要コンポーネントが欠けている、まだmah1植物で結晶が正常に形成することです。 シロイヌナズナ表皮の変異体についてさらに学びたい方は、アクセスしてください<a href="http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.103006.093219" target="_blank">植物の生物学の年次レビュー</a> 。

use of arabidopsis eceriferum mutants to explore plant cuticle biosynthesis

植物のキューティクルは、水の保全の主要な役割を持つ植物のワックス状の外側のカバーですが、また、病原微生物の侵入に対して重要な障壁である。キューティクルは、&quot;クチン&quot;と呼ばれるタフな架橋ポリマーと保護ワックス層シール植物表面で構成されています。クチクラのワックス状の層は、ツタの葉の上に光沢のあるフィルムとして、またはブドウやワックスに存在する散乱結晶を光にキャベツの葉のおかげで表面上のほこりだらけの外装として表示されて、多くの植物で明白である。キューティクルは、陸生環境に対する植物の本質的な適応であるため、植物のクチクラの形成に関与する遺伝子を理解することは農業と林業の両方のアプリケーションを持っています。今日は、順方向と逆遺伝学的アプローチによって識別される植物のクチクラの変異体の解析を紹介します。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Use of Arabidopsis eceriferum Mutants to Explore Plant Cuticle Biosynthesis at JoVE.com

Use of Arabidopsis eceriferum Mutants to Explore Plant Cuticle Biosynthesis

植物のキューティクルは、水の保全に主要な役割を持っているだけでなく、病原性微生物のエントリに対して重要な障壁である植物のワックス状の外装です。このビデオでは、我々は前方および逆遺伝学的アプローチによって識別される植物のクチクラの変異体の分析を示しています。

植物のキューティクルの生合成を探検するシロイヌナズナeceriferum変異体の使用

The plant cuticle is a waxy outer covering on plants that has a primary role in water conservation, but is also an important barrier against the entry of ...

use-arabidopsis-eceriferum-mutants-to-explore-plant-cuticle

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

12.8K ビュー.  University of British Columbia - UBC. 植物のキューティクルは、水の保全に主要な役割を持っているだけでなく、病原性微生物のエントリに対して重要な障壁である植物のワックス状の外装です。このビデオでは、我々は前方および逆遺伝学的アプローチによって識別される植物のクチクラの変異体の分析を示しています。

ビデオ: Use of Arabidopsis eceriferum Mutants to Explore Plant Cuticle Biosynthesis

Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

In flowering plants, the embryo develops within a nourishing tissue - the endosperm - surrounded by the maternal seed integuments (or seed coat). As a consequence, the isolation of plant embryos at early stages (1 cell to globular stage) is technically challenging due to their relative inaccessibility. Efficient manual dissection at early stages is strongly impaired by the small size of young Arabidopsis seeds and the adhesiveness of the embryo to the surrounding tissues. Here, we describe a method that allows the efficient isolation of young Arabidopsis embryos, yielding up to 40 embryos in 1 hr to 4 hr, depending on the downstream application. Embryos are released into isolation buffer by slightly crushing 250-750 seeds with a plastic pestle in an Eppendorf tube. A glass microcapillary attached to either a standard laboratory pipette (via a rubber tube) or a hydraulically controlled microinjector is used to collect embryos from droplets placed on a multi-well slide on an inverted light microscope. The technical skills required are simple and easily transferable, and the basic setup does not require costly equipment. Collected embryos are suitable for a variety of downstream applications such as RT-PCR, RNA sequencing, DNA methylation analyses, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunostaining, and reporter gene assays.

Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds

We report an efficient and simple method to isolate embryos at early stages of development from Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Up to 40 embryos can be isolated in 1 hr to 4 hr, depending on the downstream application. The procedure is suitable for transcriptome, DNA methylation, reporter gene expression, immunostaining and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses.

から初期段階の胚の効率的かつ迅速な単離<em&gt;シロイヌナズナ</em&gt;種子

In flowering plants, the embryo develops within a nourishing tissue - the endosperm - surrounded by the maternal seed integuments (or seed coat). As a ...

生物学

Metabolic Labeling and Membrane Fractionation for Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Suspension Cell Cultures

Plasma membrane microdomains are features based on the physical properties of the lipid and sterol environment and have particular roles in signaling processes. Extracting sterol-enriched membrane microdomains from plant cells for proteomic analysis is a difficult task mainly due to multiple preparation steps and sources for contaminations from other cellular compartments. The plasma membrane constitutes only about 5-20% of all the membranes in a plant cell, and therefore isolation of highly purified plasma membrane fraction is challenging. A frequently used method involves aqueous two-phase partitioning in polyethylene glycol and dextran, which yields plasma membrane vesicles with a purity of 95% 1. Sterol-rich membrane microdomains within the plasma membrane are insoluble upon treatment with cold nonionic detergents at alkaline pH. This detergent-resistant membrane fraction can be separated from the bulk plasma membrane by ultracentrifugation in a sucrose gradient 2. Subsequently, proteins can be extracted from the low density band of the sucrose gradient by methanol/chloroform precipitation. Extracted protein will then be trypsin digested, desalted and finally analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Our extraction protocol for sterol-rich microdomains is optimized for the preparation of clean detergent-resistant membrane fractions from Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures.
We use full metabolic labeling of Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cell cultures with K15NO3 as the only nitrogen source for quantitative comparative proteomic studies following biological treatment of interest 3. By mixing equal ratios of labeled and unlabeled cell cultures for joint protein extraction the influence of preparation steps on final quantitative result is kept at a minimum. Also loss of material during extraction will affect both control and treatment samples in the same way, and therefore the ratio of light and heave peptide will remain constant. In the proposed method either labeled or unlabeled cell culture undergoes a biological treatment, while the other serves as control 4.

Metabolic Labeling and Membrane Fractionation for Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana Suspension Cell Cultures

Here we describe a robust method for the fractionation of plant plasma membranes into detergent resistant and detergent soluble membranes based on a mixture of unlabeled and in vivo fully 15N labeled Arabidopsis thaliana cell cultures. The procedure is applied for comparative proteomic studies to understand signaling processes.

比較プロテオーム解析のための代謝標識および膜分画<em&gt;シロイヌナズナ</em&gt;サスペンション細胞培養

Plasma membrane microdomains are features based on the physical properties of the lipid and sterol environment and have particular roles in signaling ...

A Seed Coat Bedding Assay to Genetically Explore In Vitro How the Endosperm Controls Seed Germination in Arabidopsis thaliana

The Arabidopsis endosperm consists of a single cell layer surrounding the mature embryo and playing an essential role to prevent the germination of dormant seeds or that of nondormant seeds irradiated by a far red (FR) light pulse. In order to further gain insight into the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying the germination repressive activity exerted by the endosperm, a &#34;seed coat bedding&#34; assay (SCBA) was devised. The SCBA is a dissection procedure physically separating seed coats and embryos from seeds, which allows monitoring the growth of embryos on an underlying layer of seed coats. Remarkably, the SCBA reconstitutes the germination repressive activities of the seed coat in the context of seed dormancy and FR-dependent control of seed germination. Since the SCBA allows the combinatorial use of dormant, nondormant and genetically modified seed coat and embryonic materials, the genetic pathways controlling germination and specifically operating in the endosperm and embryo can be dissected. Here we detail the procedure to assemble a SCBA.

A Seed Coat Bedding Assay to Genetically Explore In Vitro How the Endosperm Controls Seed Germination in Arabidopsis thaliana

We present the procedure to assemble a seed coat bedding assay (SCBA) from Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. The SCBA was shown to be a powerful tool to explore genetically and in vitro how the endosperm controls seed germination in dormant seeds and in response to light cues. The SCBA is in principle applicable under any situation where the endosperm is suspected to influence embryonic growth.

遺伝的に探索するために種皮寝具アッセイ<em&gt;体外</em&gt;どのように胚乳コントロール種子発芽<em&gt;シロイヌナズナ</em

The Arabidopsis endosperm consists of a single cell layer surrounding the mature embryo and playing an essential role to prevent the germination of ...

An Efficient Method for Quantitative, Single-cell Analysis of Chromatin Modification and Nuclear Architecture in Whole-mount Ovules in Arabidopsis

In flowering plants, the somatic-to-reproductive cell fate transition is marked by the specification of spore mother cells (SMCs) in floral organs of the adult plant. The female SMC (megaspore mother cell, MMC) differentiates in the ovule primordium and undergoes meiosis. The selected haploid megaspore then undergoes mitosis to form the multicellular female gametophyte, which will give rise to the gametes, the egg cell and central cell, together with accessory cells. The limited accessibility of the MMC, meiocyte and female gametophyte inside the ovule is technically challenging for cytological and cytogenetic analyses at single cell level. Particularly, direct or indirect immunodetection of cellular or nuclear epitopes is impaired by poor penetration of the reagents inside the plant cell and single-cell imaging is demised by the lack of optical clarity in whole-mount tissues.
Thus, we developed an efficient method to analyze the nuclear organization and chromatin modification at high resolution of single cell in whole-mount embedded Arabidopsis ovules. It is based on dissection and embedding of fixed ovules in a thin layer of acrylamide gel on a microscopic slide. The embedded ovules are subjected to chemical and enzymatic treatments aiming at improving tissue clarity and permeability to the immunostaining reagents. Those treatments preserve cellular and chromatin organization, DNA and protein epitopes. The samples can be used for different downstream cytological analyses, including chromatin immunostaining, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and DNA staining for heterochromatin analysis. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging, with high resolution, followed by 3D reconstruction allows for quantitative measurements at single-cell resolution.

An Efficient Method for Quantitative, Single-cell Analysis of Chromatin Modification and Nuclear Architecture in Whole-mount Ovules in Arabidopsis

We provide here an efficient and reliable protocol for immunostaining, Fluorescence in&#160;situ Hybridization, DNA staining followed by quantitative, high-resolution imaging in whole-mount Arabidopsis thaliana ovules. This method was successfully used to analyze chromatin modifications and nuclear architecture.

ホールマウント胚珠内でのクロマチン修飾や核構造の定量的、単一細胞分析のための効率的な方法<em&gt;シロイヌナズナ</em

In flowering plants, the somatic-to-reproductive cell fate transition is marked by the specification of spore mother cells (SMCs) in floral organs of the ...

Measuring Spatial and Temporal Ca2+ Signals in Arabidopsis Plants

Developmental and environmental cues induce Ca2+ fluctuations in plant cells. Stimulus-specific spatial-temporal Ca2+ patterns are sensed by cellular Ca2+ binding proteins that initiate Ca2+ signaling cascades. However, we still know little about how stimulus specific Ca2+ signals are generated. The specificity of a Ca2+ signal may be attributed to the sophisticated regulation of the activities of Ca2+ channels and/or transporters in response to a given stimulus. To identify these cellular components and understand their functions, it is crucial to use systems that allow a sensitive and robust recording of Ca2+ signals at both the tissue and cellular levels. Genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators that are targeted to different cellular compartments have provided a platform for live cell confocal imaging of cellular Ca2+ signals. Here we describe instructions for the use of two Ca2+ detection systems: aequorin based FAS (film adhesive seedlings) luminescence Ca2+ imaging and case12 based live cell confocal fluorescence Ca2+ imaging. Luminescence imaging using the FAS system provides a simple, robust and sensitive detection of spatial and temporal Ca2+ signals at the tissue level, while live cell confocal imaging using Case12 provides simultaneous detection of cytosolic and nuclear Ca2+ signals at a high resolution.

Measuring Spatial and Temporal Ca2+ Signals in Arabidopsis Plants

Ca2+ signaling regulates diverse biological processes in plants. Here we present approaches for monitoring abiotic stress induced spatial and temporal Ca2+ signals in Arabidopsis cells and tissues using the genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators Aequorin or Case12.

時空のCaを測定する<sup&gt; 2 +</supシロイヌナズナ植物における&gt;シグナル

Developmental and environmental cues induce Ca2+ fluctuations in plant cells. Stimulus-specific spatial-temporal Ca2+ patterns are sensed by cellular Ca2+ ...

Isolation and Compositional Analysis of Plant Cuticle Lipid Polyester Monomers

Terrestrial plants produce extracellular aliphatic biopolyesters that modify cell walls of specific tissues. Epidermal cells synthesize cutin, a polyester of glycerol and modified fatty acids that constitutes the framework of the cuticle that covers aerial plant surfaces. Suberin is a related lipid polyester that is deposited on the cell walls of certain tissues, including the root endodermis and the periderm of tubers, tree bark and roots. These lipid polymers are highly variable in composition among plant species, and often differ among tissues within a single species. Here, we describe a detailed protocol to study the monomer composition of cutin in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves by sodium methoxide (NaOMe)-catalyzed depolymerisation, derivatization, and subsequent gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. This method can be used to investigate the monomers of insoluble polyesters isolated from whole delipidated plant tissues bearing either cutin or suberin. The method can by applied not only to characterize the composition of lipid polymers in species not previously analyzed, but also as an analytical tool in forward and reverse genetic approaches to assess candidate gene function.

Lipid polyesters constitute the structural components of two cell wall modifications, the plant cuticle and suberin-containing diffusion barriers. In this video, we describe a method to depolymerize cutin from whole delipidated leaves. The method can be applied to investigating mutants compromised in either cutin or suberin biosynthesis.

植物キューティクル脂質ポリエステルモノマーの単離と組成分析

Terrestrial plants produce extracellular aliphatic biopolyesters that modify cell walls of specific tissues. Epidermal cells synthesize cutin, a polyester ...

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

Lateral root development contributes significantly to the root system, and hence is crucial for plant growth. The study of lateral root initiation is however tedious, because it occurs only in a few cells inside the root and in an unpredictable manner. To circumvent this problem, a Lateral Root Inducible System (LRIS) has been developed. By treating seedlings consecutively with an auxin transport inhibitor and a synthetic auxin, highly controlled lateral root initiation occurs synchronously in the primary root, allowing abundant sampling of a desired developmental stage. The LRIS has first been developed for Arabidopsis thaliana, but can be applied to other plants as well. Accordingly, it has been adapted for use in maize (Zea mays). A detailed overview of the different steps of the LRIS in both plants is given. The combination of this system with comparative transcriptomics made it possible to identify functional homologs of Arabidopsis lateral root initiation genes in other species as illustrated here for the CYCLIN B1;1 (CYCB1;1) cell cycle gene in maize. Finally, the principles that need to be taken into account when an LRIS is developed for other plant species are discussed.

Lateral Root Inducible System in Arabidopsis and Maize

The Lateral Root Inducible System (LRIS) allows for synchronous induction of lateral roots and is presented for Arabidopsis thaliana and maize.

側根誘導系で<em&gt;シロイヌナズナ</em&gt;とトウモロコシ

Lateral root development contributes significantly to the root system, and hence is crucial for plant growth. The study of lateral root initiation is ...

High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications

Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall, the composition of which determines their final size and shape. The cell wall is composed of a complex matrix containing polysaccharides that include cellulose microfibrils that form both crystalline structures and cellulose chains of amorphous organization. The orientation of the cellulose fibers and their concentrations dictate the mechanical properties of the cell. Several methods are used to determine the levels of crystalline cellulose, each bringing both advantages and limitations. Some can distinguish the proportion of crystalline regions within the total cellulose. However, they are limited to whole-organ analyses that are deficient in spatiotemporal information. Others relying on live imaging, are limited by the use of imprecise dyes. Here, we report a sensitive polarized light-based system for specific quantification of relative light retardance, representing crystalline cellulose accumulation in cross sections of Arabidopsis thaliana roots. In this method, the cellular resolution and anatomical data are maintained, enabling direct comparisons between the different tissues composing the growing root. This approach opens a new analytical dimension, shedding light on the link between cell wall composition, cellular behavior and whole-organ growth.

High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications

Crystalline cellulose is an important constituent of the plant cell wall. However, its quantification at a cellular resolution is technically challenging. Here, we report the use of polarized light technology and root cross sections to obtain information of cell wall composition at a spatiotemporal resolution.

結晶セルロース蓄積中の高解像度の定量化<em&gt;シロイヌナズナ</em&gt;ルーツは、組織特異的な細胞壁の変更を監視します

Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall, the composition of which determines their final size and shape. The cell wall is composed of a complex matrix ...

Rapid Analysis of Circadian Phenotypes in Arabidopsis Protoplasts Transfected with a Luminescent Clock Reporter

The plant circadian clock allows the anticipation of daily changes to the environment. This anticipation aids the responses to temporally predictable biotic and abiotic stress. Conversely, disruption of circadian timekeeping severely compromises plant health and reduces agricultural crop yields. It is therefore imperative that we understand the intricate regulation of circadian rhythms in plants, including the factors that affect motion of the transcriptional clockwork itself.
Testing circadian defects in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) traditionally involves crossing specific mutant lines to a line rhythmically expressing firefly luciferase from a circadian clock gene promoter. This approach is laborious, time-consuming, and could be fruitless if a mutant has no circadian phenotype. The methodology presented here allows a rapid initial assessment of circadian phenotypes. Protoplasts derived from mutant and wild-type Arabidopsis are isolated, transfected with a rhythmically expressed luminescent reporter, and imaged under constant light conditions for 5 days. Luminescent traces will directly reveal whether the free-running period of mutant plants is different from wild-type plants. The advantage of the method is that any Arabidopsis line can efficiently be screened, without the need for generating a stably transgenic luminescent clock marker line in that mutant background.

The circadian clock regulates about a third of the Arabidopsis transcriptome, but the percentage of genes that feed back into timekeeping remains unknown. Here we visualize a method to rapidly assess circadian phenotypes in any mutant line of Arabidopsis using luminescent imaging of a circadian reporter transiently expressed in protoplasts.

発光時計レポーターとシロイヌナズナプロトプラストトランスフェにおける概日表現型の迅速分析

The plant circadian clock allows the anticipation of daily changes to the environment. This anticipation aids the responses to temporally predictable ...

Standardized Method for High-throughput Sterilization of Arabidopsis Seeds

Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) seedlings often need to be grown on sterile media. This requires prior seed sterilization to prevent the growth of microbial contaminants present on the seed surface. Currently, Arabidopsis seeds are sterilized using two distinct sterilization techniques in conditions that differ slightly between labs and have not been standardized, often resulting in only partially effective sterilization or in excessive seed mortality. Most of these methods are also not easily scalable to a large number of seed lines of diverse genotypes. As technologies for high-throughput analysis of Arabidopsis continue to proliferate, standardized techniques for sterilizing large numbers of seeds of different genotypes are becoming essential for conducting these types of experiments. The response of a number of Arabidopsis lines to two different sterilization techniques was evaluated based on seed germination rate and the level of seed contamination with microbes and other pathogens. The treatments included different concentrations of sterilizing agents and times of exposure, combined to determine optimal conditions for Arabidopsis seed sterilization. Optimized protocols have been developed for two different sterilization methods: bleach (liquid-phase) and chlorine (Cl2) gas (vapor-phase), both resulting in high seed germination rates and minimal microbial contamination. The utility of these protocols was illustrated through the testing of both wild type and mutant seeds with a range of germination potentials. Our results show that seeds can be effectively sterilized using either method without excessive seed mortality, although detrimental effects of sterilization were observed for seeds with lower than optimal germination potential. In addition, an equation was developed to enable researchers to apply the standardized chlorine gas sterilization conditions to airtight containers of different sizes. The protocols described here allow easy, efficient, and inexpensive seed sterilization for a large number of Arabidopsis lines.

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of bleach and chlorine gas sterilization on seed germination of a range of Arabidopsis genotypes grown on sterile media. Optimized sterilization protocols have been developed to prevent the growth of microbial contaminants while providing satisfactory seed survival.

高スループット シロイヌナズナ種子の殺菌のための標準化された方法

Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) seedlings often need to be grown on sterile media. This requires prior seed sterilization to prevent the growth of ...