健康Kirchsteinフェローシップ博士号を取得する前のフェローシップAI - 64128（MPM）、GM - 41514（MDC）、GM - 48071（IP）の国立研究所

1）1つのマウスから、両方の大腿骨の骨を削除します。 <ol><li>筋肉を切り取ると、関節の上下の大腿骨（膝と腰を）公開する解剖鋏を使用してください。解剖ピンセットで大腿骨の中央をつかみ、可能な限りそのまま骨端を残すために、上記と関節の下にカット。 </li><li>小さな解剖鋏を使用して、できるだけ多くの筋肉のように拭き取ります。 RPMIの皿に大腿骨を移す。 </li><li>全ての手順は、滅菌媒体、楽器、ピペットチップと培養皿を使用して、この時点からフードの中で行われるべきである。 </li></ol> 2）大腿骨の滅菌： <ol><li>フードの中で、氷上で70％エタノールで満たされた小さな培養皿にRPMIから骨を転送する。 </li><li>骨は氷上で5分間エタノールに浸して許可する。 </li></ol> 3）無菌条件下で骨髄を収集します。 <ol><li>滅菌濾過したプライマリDCの培養培地を含む小さな培養皿に骨を移す。 </li><li>滅菌ピンセットで、廃棄ディッシュやチューブを介して骨を保持し、滅菌済みのハサミで、（骨の前端）各epiphesisを断つ。カットは、骨の中央部に明るい赤色になって骨髄を公開する必要があります。 </li><li>滅菌シリンジ（26-28ゲージの針）で、滅菌媒体の約100-200 mLを吸い上げる。 </li><li>滅菌媒体の新鮮な料理以上の滅菌ピンセットで骨を持ち、骨の片側に針を挿入する。骨の上部付近に針の先端を置き、徐々に滅菌メディアで骨を洗う。あなたが骨の中心にある場合、針は簡単にスライドするはずです。 </li><li>骨髄は、小さな断片にまたは一体としてのいずれか、洗う。それは骨のと滅菌媒体の皿に出フラッシュされるべきである。 </li><li>完全に骨から骨髄を洗い流すために、必要に応じてこの手順を繰り返します。 </li><li>骨がきれいになると、それは白と透明になります。 </li><li>他の大腿骨では、この手順を繰り返します。それがきれいになると、それぞれの大腿骨を捨てる。 </li></ol> 4）再度中断し、骨髄細胞をスピンダウンする。 <ol><li>滅菌ファルコンチューブに細胞を移す。 </li><li>骨髄はまだ変更されていない場合は、非常に穏やかに単一の細胞懸濁液中に骨髄を分割するために、皿の中で上下にメディアをピペット。これには数分かかる場合がありますし、薄手の力で細胞を殺すことを避けるために徐々に行う必要があります。 </li><li>あなたが他の哺乳動物細胞と同じように細胞を遠心分離します。 </li></ol> 5）細胞の溶解： <ol><li>スピンが行われた後遠心機からチューブを外し、ボンネットの小さな廃棄物（50mlファルコンチューブ）に（別の容器に移す）メディアをオフに注ぐ。 </li><li>優しくチューブの底をフリックでペレットを再懸濁します。 </li><li>滅菌濾過した水と10倍DPBSまたは10倍PBSを使用して、次のボリュームを使用して赤血球（RBC）を除去する水の溶解を行う。 <ul><li> 900mLの滅菌ろ過された水</li><li> 100mLの10倍DPBSまたは10倍のPBS </li></ul></li><li>水を加えた後に10倍PBS 5〜10秒の100 mLを加え。それはすぐにこれだけの赤血球が溶解​​されていることをこれを行う非常に重要です。それは満たされたと準備ピペットの両方を持つことは良い考えです。 </li><li>滅菌DC基本的なメディアの10mLの - 5 mLを追加します。 </li></ol> 6）セルを数える： <ol><li>フードの中で、静かにわずかな反転、45度のチルト（メディアは、チューブの上部に触れるしないように）でチューブを渦巻くことで骨髄細胞の6から11 mLを混ぜる</li><li>カウント用滅菌チューブに、メディアの10mLを削除します。 </li><li>再キャップ細胞、再度遠心する。 </li></ol> 7）めっきの樹状細胞： <ol><li>細胞は、1 × 106/mLの密度でプレートしてください。 </li><li>メッキのプライマリDCのメディアの適切な量で遠心から細胞、デカンテーションメディアと再サスペンドセルを削除します。 </li><li>組織培養インキュベーター内の場所。 </li></ol> 8）文化のケアと熟成。 常により多くのメディアを追加したり、実験に使用する前に、文化を確認してください。細胞の一般的な健康状態をチェックし、潜在的な汚染を探します。 0日目：樹状細胞はメッキ。 3日目：メディアと非adherant細胞の75％を削除し、バックプライマリDCのメディアを追加。 6日目：初期細胞のプレーティング後：次の手順を使用して再板細胞： <ol><li> （あなたが接着細胞が乾燥しないようにする）は非常にわずかに湿ったプレートを残して、滅菌50mlファルコンチューブにいくつかの非adherantこの時点で樹状細胞、および場所が含まれているはずのメディアを、削除する</li><li>各プレートにPBSで3 mMのEDTAを追加し、5分間静置することができます。 </li><li> 45度の角度でプレートを持ち、優しく穏やかに非adherant細胞を取り除くために、プレートの底部に対して上下メディアをピペット。 </li><li> EDTA / PBSが厚いことを示す細胞がの底から収集されているとなるべきプレート。 </li><li>この数分後、細胞の混合物を50 mlのFalconチューブに転送することができます。 </li><li>各プレートごとにこの手順を実行した後にすべてのセルを回転させる。 </li><li>カウントとプレート新しい滅菌10cmの培養皿で二次DCのメディアでプレートあたり1の密度で細胞× 10 ^ 6。組織培養インキュベーターにセルを返します。 </li></ol> DAY 10月11日刺激/抗原負荷の準備ができて成熟DC。 9）樹状細胞刺激のため： <ol><li>活性化とペプチドのローディングのための所望のペプチドとの組み合わせでLPS（lipopolyscaccharide）を使用してください。 LPSの、ソースに応じて、異なる刺激の条件がより良い結果を与える可能性があります。さらに、DCのプレゼンテーションのためのペプチドの所望の量を最適化する必要があります。このプロトコルの刺激条件は100 ng / mLのLPSおよび100 ug / mlとOVA（卵白アルブミン）であった。 </li><li>負荷の抗原は、/使用/収穫前に18〜24時間LPSで扱う。 </li></ol>樹状細胞メディア：すべてのものが追加された後に滅菌済みフィルター異なる樹状細胞の培養条件の見直しのため、結果樹状細胞の表現型のディスカッションセクションを参照してください。これらの培養条件は、効率的にその所属リンパ節へ急速に家庭成熟樹状細胞、皮下注射し、抗原を提示した後18〜24時間を生成するように設計されています。 プライマリDCメディア：すべてのものが追加された後に滅菌済みフィルター <ul><li> 500mLのIMDM（500ミリリットル、最終的なボリューム55-60 mLを削除） </li><li> 50mLの熱不活性化FBS </li><li> 200mMのL - Glnの5mLの、2 mMの最終濃度</li><li> 100 IU / mlペニシリンおよび100 mg / mlストレプトマイシン（10,000 IU / mLのペンおよび10,000 mg / mLの連鎖球菌株の5mL）を</li><li> 50μMのB -ミー（14.3 M B - Meの株式は、化学フード中で1:100に希釈、50マイクロモル濃度は、100 mLのメディアあたり35 ulを使用してください） </li><li> 20〜30 ng / mLのGM - CSF </li><li> 100〜400 IU / mLのIL - 4の約10〜40 ng / mLの</li></ul> 成熟*のSecondaryDCメディア 100 ng / mLのTNF -α（プライマリDCのメディアへの追加） * 注 ：GM - CSF + IL - 4は、未成熟樹状細胞を生成する必要があります。 GM - CSFを使用して+ IL4（400 IU / UL）+ TNF -α（100 ug / mlとは）成熟した単球由来樹状細胞に似た細胞が作成されます。成熟樹状細胞は、未成熟樹状細胞と培養液として効率的に抗原を取ることが知られています内因性のTNF - 4間質細胞から遊離している可能性があります。

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樹状細胞は適応免疫応答と日付に特徴づけられる最も効率的な抗原提示細胞の主要なメディエーターである。文学におけるヒトとマウスの樹状細胞培養のための方法は異なる樹状細胞型の開発に影響を与えるために使用されるサイトカインの種類が異なります。特に、GM - CSF、flt3L、IL4、IL13、TNF -αとIFN -γは、成熟未成熟、炎症性および定常状態の試験管3-7に樹状細胞由来のマウス骨髄のように生成?...

generation of bone marrow derived murine dendritic cells for use in 2-photon imaging

マウス樹状細胞の調製のためのいくつかの方法が文献で見つけることができます。ここで、我々は文化の中では85％以上のCD11c高樹状細胞を生成する手法を提案することを皮下注射し、抗原特異的T細胞（ビデオを参照）に存在する抗原を後に流入領域リンパ節へのホーム。さらに、我々は、10日目に、培養細胞の形態は、成熟樹状細胞の典型的であり、細胞の&lt;85％がCD11chighである、樹状細胞の成熟を、追跡するためにエッセン楽器Incucyteを使用してください。 2光子イメージングによる末梢リンパ節における抗原提示の研究では、樹状細胞とT細胞の相互作用1、2の3つのフェーズが存在することを明らかにした。フェーズIは、樹状細胞1、2を運ぶ非常に運動性の抗原特異的T細胞と抗原との間の短いシリアル接点で構成されています。第二段階は、樹状細胞1、2をもつ抗原特異的T細胞と抗原との間の長期にわたる接触によってマークされます。最後に、第III相は、運動性を回復し、1、2を分割し始めて、樹状細胞から切り離すT細胞によって特徴付けられる。これは、抗原負荷細胞トラッカー色素標識樹状細胞の二光子励起イメージングによって解析することができる抗原特異的相互作用のタイプの一例です。

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generation of Bone Marrow Derived Murine Dendritic Cells for Use in 2-photon Imaging at JoVE.com

Generation of Bone Marrow Derived Murine Dendritic Cells for Use in 2-photon Imaging

樹状細胞による二次リンパ器官における抗原提示がT細胞媒介免疫応答の開始に重要です。ここでは、マウス樹状細胞を骨髄由来の文化、活性化、および2光子イメージングのための標識を示す。

2光子イメージングで使用するための骨髄由来マウス樹状細胞の世代

Several methods for the preparation of murine dendritic cells can be found in the literature. Here, we present a method that produces greater than 85% ...

generation-bone-marrow-derived-murine-dendritic-cells-for-use-2

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

31.0K ビュー.  University of California, Irvine (UCI). 樹状細胞による二次リンパ器官における抗原提示がT細胞媒介免疫応答の開始に重要です。ここでは、マウス樹状細胞を骨髄由来の文化、活性化、および2光子イメージングのための標識を示す。

ビデオ: Generation of Bone Marrow Derived Murine Dendritic Cells for Use in 2-photon Imaging

Dissection and 2-Photon Imaging of Peripheral Lymph Nodes in Mice

Two-photon imaging has revealed an elegant choreography of motility and cellular interactions within the lymph node under basal conditions and at the initiation of an immune response 1. Here, we present methods for adoptive transfer of labeled T cells, isolation of lymph nodes, and imaging motility of CD4+ T cells in the explanted lymph node as first described in 2002 2. Two-photon imaging of immune cells requires that the cells are fluorescently labeled, either by staining with a cell tracker dye or by expressing a fluorescent protein. We demonstrate the adoptive transfer procedure of injecting cells derived from donor mice into the tail vein of a recipient animal, where they home to lymphoid organs within approximately 15-30 min. We illustrate the isolation of a lymph node and describe methods to ensure proper mounting of the excised lymph node. Other considerations such as proper oxygenation of perfused media, temperature, and laser power are discussed. Finally, we present 3D video images of naive CD4+ T cells exhibiting steady state motility at 37&deg;C.

Two-photon imaging has uncovered lymphocyte motility and cellular interactions within the lymph node under basal conditions and durring an immune response 1. Here, we demonstrate adoptive transfer of T cells, isolation of lymph nodes, and imaging motility of CD4+ T cells in the explanted lymph node.

解剖とマウスの末梢リンパ節の2 - フォトンイメージング

Two-photon imaging has revealed an elegant choreography of motility and cellular interactions within the lymph node under basal conditions and at the ...

生物学

In situ Imaging of the Mouse Thymus Using 2-Photon Microscopy

Two-photon Microscopy (TPM) enables us to image deep into the thymus and document the events that are important for thymocyte development. To follow the migration of individuals in a crowd of thymocytes , we generate neonatal chimeras where less than one percent of the thymocytes are derived from a donor that is transgenic for a ubiquitously express fluorescent protein. To generate these partial hematopoetic chimeras, neonatal recipients are injected with bone marrow between 3-7 days of age. After 4-6 weeks, the mouse is sacrificed and the thymus is carefully dissected and bissected preserving the architecture of the tissue that will be imaged. The thymus is glued onto a coverslip in preparation for ex vivo imaging by TPM. During imaging the thymus is kept in DMEM without phenol red that is perfused with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide and warmed to 37&deg;C. Using this approach, we can study the events required for the generation of a diverse T cell repertoire.

We present step-by-step instructions for the generation of neonatal chimeras as well as the dissection and preparation of the thymus for ex vivo imaging by 2-Photon Microscopy.

2光子顕微鏡を用いたマウスの胸腺のその場イメージングで

Two-photon Microscopy (TPM) enables us to image deep into the thymus and document the events that are important for thymocyte development.  To follow the ...

A Method for 2-Photon Imaging of Blood Flow in the Neocortex through a Cranial Window

The ability to image the cerebral vasculature (from large vessels to capillaries) and record blood flow dynamics in the intact brain of living rodents is a powerful technique. Using in vivo 2-photon microscopy through a cranial window it is possible to image fluorescent dyes injected intravenously. This permits one to image the cortical vasculature and also to obtain measurements of blood flow. This technique was originally developed by David Kleinfeld and Winfried Denk. The method can be used to study blood flow dynamics during or after cerebral ischemia, in neurodegenerative disorders, in brain tumors, or in normal brain physiology. For example, it has been used to study how stroke causes shifts in blood flow direction and changes in red blood cell velocity or flux in and around the infarct. Here we demonstrate how to use 2-photon microscopy to image blood flow dynamics in the neocortex of living mice using fluorescent dyes injected into the tail vein.

Cortical blood flow dynamics can be studied in vivo by imaging fluorescent dextran dyes injected into the tail vein of rodents with 2-photon microscopy. This video shows how to image blood flow dynamics in neocortex of mice through a glass-covered cranial window preparation.

頭蓋窓を介して新皮質の血流の2光子イメージングのための方法

The ability to image the cerebral vasculature (from large vessels to capillaries) and record blood flow dynamics in the intact brain of living rodents is ...

In Vivo 2-Photon Calcium Imaging in Layer 2/3 of Mice

To understand network dynamics of microcircuits in the neocortex, it is essential to simultaneously record the activity of a large number of neurons . In-vivo two-photon calcium imaging is the only method that allows one to record the activity of a dense neuronal population with single-cell resolution . The method consists in implanting a cranial imaging window, injecting a fluorescent calcium indicator dye that can be taken up by large numbers of neurons and finally recording the activity of neurons with time lapse calcium imaging using an in-vivo two photon microscope. Co-injection of astrocyte-specific dyes allows one to differentiate neurons from astrocytes. The technique can be performed in mice expressing fluorescent molecules in specific subpopulations of neurons to better understand the network interactions of different groups of cells.

To understand network dynamics of microcircuits in the neocortex, it is essential to simultaneously record the activity of a large number of neurons . In-vivo two-photon calcium imaging is the only method that allows one to record the activity of a dense neuronal population with single-cell resolution .

レイヤーin vivoでの2光子カルシウムイメージングマウスの2 / 3

To understand network dynamics of microcircuits in the neocortex, it is essential to simultaneously record the activity of a large number of neurons .  ...

Culture of myeloid dendritic cells from bone marrow precursors

Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are frequently used to study the interactions between innate and adaptive immune mechanisms and the early response to infection. Because these are the most potent antigen presenting cells, DCs are being increasingly used as a vaccine vector to study the induction of antigen-specific immune responses. In this video, we demonstrate the procedure for harvesting tibias and femurs from a donor mouse, processing the bone marrow and differentiating DCs in vitro. The properties of DCs change following stimulation: immature dendritic cells are potent phagocytes, whereas mature DCs are capable of antigen presentation and interaction with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This change in functional activity corresponds with the upregulation of cell surface markers and cytokine production. Many agents can be used to mature DCs, including cytokines and toll-like receptor ligands. In this video, we demonstrate flow cytometric comparisons of expression of two co-stimulatory molecules, CD86 and CD40, and the cytokine, IL-12, following overnight stimulation with CpG or mock treatment. After differentiation, DCs can be further manipulated for use as a vaccine vector or to generate antigen-specific immune responses by in vitro pulsing using peptides or proteins, or transduced using recombinant viral vectors. 

This video demonstrates the procedure for differentiating myeloid dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow. Isolation of mouse tibia and femur, and processing of bone marrow are demonstrated. Pictures demonstrating cell morphology before and after differentiation, and figures depicting cell phenotype and IL-12 production following maturation using CpG are shown.

骨髄前駆細胞から骨髄樹状細胞の培養

Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) are frequently used to study the interactions between innate and adaptive immune mechanisms and the early response to ...

The Preparation of Primary Hematopoietic Cell Cultures From Murine Bone Marrow for Electroporation

It is becoming increasingly apparent that electroporation is the most effective way to introduce plasmid DNA or siRNA into primary cells. The Gene Pulser MXcell  electroporation system and Gene Pulser  electroporation buffer were specifically developed to transfect nucleic acids into mammalian cells and difficult-to-transfect cells, such as primary and stem cells.This video demonstrates how to establish primary hematopoietic cell cultures from murine bone marrow, and then prepare them for electroporation in the MXcell system. We begin by isolating femur and tibia. Bone marrow from both femur and tibia are then harvested and cultures are established. Cultured bone marrow cells are then transfected and analyzed.

This procedure describes how to establish primary hematopoietic cell cultures from murine bone marrow and is followed by transfection using the Gene Pulser MXCell electroporation system.

エレクトロポレーションのためのマウス骨髄からの一次造血細胞培養の準備

It is becoming increasingly apparent that electroporation is the most effective way to introduce plasmid DNA or siRNA into primary cells. The Gene Pulser ...

Homing of Hematopoietic Cells to the Bone Marrow

Homing is the phenomenon whereby transplanted hematopoietic cells are able to travel to and engraft or establish residence in the bone marrow. Various chemomkines and receptors are involved in the homing of hematopoietic stem cells. [1, 2]
This paper outlines the classic homing protocol used in hematopoietic stem cell studies. In general this involves isolating the cell population whose homing needs to be investigated, staining this population with a dye of interest and injecting these cells into the blood stream of a recipient animal. The recipient animal is then sacrificed at a pre-determined time after injection and the bone marrow evaluated for the percentage or absolute number of cells which are positive for the dye of interest. In one of the most common experimental schemes, the homing efficiency of hematopoietic cells from two genetically distinct animals (a wild type animal and the corresponding knock-out) is compared. This article describes the hematopoietic cell homing protocol in the framework of such as experiment.

This article describes a protocol used to study the homing of hematopoietic cells to their niches in the bone marrow.

骨髄の造血細胞のホーミング

Homing is the phenomenon whereby transplanted hematopoietic cells are able to travel to and engraft or establish residence in the bone marrow.  Various ...

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) maintain the turnover of all mature blood cell lineages. The coordination of the complex signals leading to specific HSC fates relies upon the interaction between HSCs and the intricate bone marrow microenvironment, which is still poorly understood[1-2].
We describe how by combining a newly developed specimen holder for stable animal positioning with multi-step confocal and two-photon in vivo imaging techniques, it is possible to obtain high-resolution 3D stacks containing HSPCs and their surrounding niches and to monitor them over time through multi-point time-lapse imaging. High definition imaging allows detecting ex vivo labeled hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) residing within the bone marrow. Moreover, multi-point time-lapse 3D imaging, obtained with faster acquisition settings, provides accurate information about HSPC movement and the reciprocal interactions between HSPCs and stroma cells.
Tracking of HSPCs in relation to GFP positive osteoblastic cells is shown as an exemplary application of this method. This technique can be utilized to track any appropriately labeled hematopoietic or stromal cell of interest within the mouse calvarium bone marrow space.

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

The nature of the interactions between hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and bone marrow niches is poorly understood. Custom hardware modifications and a multi-step acquisition protocol allow the use of two-photon and confocal microscopy to image ex vivo labeled HSPCs homed within bone marrow areas, tracking interactions and movement.

成体マウス頭蓋冠骨髄中の造血幹細胞および前駆細胞のin vivo 4次元トラッキングで

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ...

Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow

Osteoclasts are highly specialized cells that are derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage of the bone marrow. Their unique ability to resorb both the organic and inorganic matrices of bone means that they play a key role in regulating skeletal remodeling. Together, osteoblasts and osteoclasts are responsible for the dynamic coupling process that involves both bone resorption and bone formation acting together to maintain the normal skeleton during health and disease.
As the principal bone-resorbing cell in the body, changes in osteoclast differentiation or function can result in profound effects in the body. Diseases associated with altered osteoclast function can range in severity from lethal neonatal disease due to failure to form a marrow space for hematopoiesis, to more commonly observed pathologies such as osteoporosis, in which excessive osteoclastic bone resorption predisposes to fracture formation.
An ability to isolate osteoclasts in high numbers in vitro has allowed for significant advances in the understanding of the bone remodeling cycle and has paved the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies that combat these diseases. 
Here, we describe a protocol to isolate and cultivate osteoclasts from mouse bone marrow that will yield large numbers of osteoclasts.

Osteoclasts are the principal bone-resorbing cell in the body. An ability to isolate osteoclasts in large numbers has resulted in significant advances in the understanding of osteoclast biology. In this protocol, we describe a method for isolation, cultivating and quantifying osteoclast activity in vitro.

マウス骨髄からの破骨細胞の導出

Osteoclasts are highly specialized cells that are derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage of the bone marrow. Their unique ability to resorb both the ...

Expression of Fluorescent Fusion Proteins in Murine Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells and Macrophages

Dendritic cells and macrophages are crucial cells that form the first line of defense against pathogens. They also play important roles in the initiation of an adaptive immune response. Experimental work with these cells is rather challenging. Their abundance in organs and tissues is relatively low. As a result, they cannot be isolated in large numbers. They are also difficult to transfect with cDNA constructs. In the murine model, these problems can be partially overcome by in vitro differentiation from bone marrow progenitors in the presence of M-CSF for macrophages or GM-CSF for dendritic cells. In this way, it is possible to obtain large amounts of these cells from very few animals. Moreover, bone marrow progenitors can be transduced with retroviral vectors carrying cDNA constructs during early stages of cultivation prior to their differentiation into bone marrow derived dendritic cells and macrophages. Thus, retroviral transduction followed by differentiation in vitro can be used to express various cDNA constructs in these cells. The ability to express ectopic proteins substantially extends the range of experiments that can be performed on these cells, including live cell imaging of fluorescent proteins, tandem purifications for interactome analyses, structure-function analyses, monitoring of cellular functions with biosensors and many others. In this article, we describe a detailed protocol for retroviral transduction of murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells and macrophages with vectors coding for fluorescently-tagged proteins. On the example of two adaptor proteins, OPAL1 and PSTPIP2, we demonstrate its practical application in flow cytometry and microscopy. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of this approach.

In this article, we provide a detailed protocol for the expression of fluorescent fusion proteins in murine bone marrow derived dendritic cells and macrophages. The method is based on the transduction of bone marrow progenitors with retroviral constructs followed by differentiation into macrophages and dendritic cells in vitro.

マウス骨髄由来の樹状細胞とマクロファージの蛍光融合タンパク質の発現

Dendritic cells and macrophages are crucial cells that form the first line of defense against pathogens. They also play important roles in the initiation ...