세로 이미지는 질병의 진행을 따라하거나 치료의 효과를 측정하기 위해 사전 임상 연구에 사용됩니다. 종양학에서는 광학 방법은 종양 성장을 모니터하고 이러한 연구의 각 시점에서 세포 성장이나 유전자 발현의 정확한 quantitation를 제공하기 위해 엄격한 도구를 제공합니다. 해부 학적 변경 microCT 같은 고해상도 기법을 사용하여 측정할 수 있지만, 세로 이미지에 대한 낮은 X - 선 선량은 생물 학적 유물을 피하기 위해 사용해야합니다. 광학과 microCT 이미지는 최대 정보가 동물 모델에서 추출한 것을 보장 기능과 해부 학적 데이터의 조합을 제공하기 위해 공동으로 등록할 수 있습니다. 1. 셀 준비 <ol><li> 캘리퍼스는 마우스 모델에서 미리 임상 연구를위한 루시페라제 표현 암 세포 라인의 범위를 제공합니다. </li><li> MDA - MB - 231 - 륙 - D2H2LN은 생체내에 tumorgenesis의 광학 지표로 사용할 수있는 루시페라제 유전자를 표현하는 인간 내유 종양 세포 라인입니다. 이 세포 라인은 D3H1 내유 지방 패드 종양에서 유래 자연 림프절의 전이에서 만들어지고 적극적으로 metastases를 형성하는 것으로 알려져 있습니다. </li><li> 세포는 쉽게 선택 마커에 대한 필요가 표준 미디어 성장 병원균이없는 냉동 문화로 제공됩니다. </li><li> 주입하기 전에 동물로 루시페라제 활동을 확인하려면 90% 합류 플라스크는 trypsinization의 수확이다. 루시페라제 활동 microtiter 접시에 50,000 세포를 분배 및 시리얼 희석를 수행하여 측정됩니다. </li></ol> 2. 동물 세포의 Intracardiac 분사 <ol><li> 주입하기 전에 동물 3 % isoflurane을 사용하여 anesthetized 있습니다. </li><li> 1-3000000 세포가 좌심실에 50ul 볼륨에 주입하고 있습니다. 세포 현탁액은 150ug/ml D - Luciferin가 분사 기술을 확인하는가 포함되어 있습니다. </li><li> 올바른 intracardiac 사출 마우스를 확인하려면은 IVIS 시스템에서 몇 군데 있습니다. 체내 BLI 신호를 보여 생쥐가 제대로 주입되었습니다. 신호화된 경우 세포는 중심에 정확하게 주입되지 않았습니다. </li></ol> 3. BLI 영상은 metastases을 모니터 <ol><li> 영상 셔틀 IVIS 스펙트럼과 QuantumFX microCT 시스템 모두에서 데이터 캡처를위한 마우스를 지원합니다. </li><li> 셔틀 이미징에 대해 같은 위치에 동물을 유지하는 데 도움이 공동 등록 자동에 투입 fiducial 신호를 포함합니다. 챔버는 마취를 유지하기 위해 isofluorance의 기화기에 연결됩니다. </li><li> 생활 이미지 소프트웨어 4.1 이미징 마법사가 자동으로 노출 시간, F - 중지하고 비닝을 선택하고 양적 데이터 수집을 보장하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 여러 이미지를 획득하여 실험의 특성에 따라 초 개월에 걸쳐 종단 연구에 비교할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 세포의 6 일 포스트 주사, IVIS 스펙트럼과 BLI 영상 아홉 생쥐에서 7 뼛속까지 metastases을 보여줍니다. </li></ol> 4. 마이크로 CT를 사용 osteolytic 병변의 길이 방향 모니터링 <ol><li> BLI를 사용하여 보이는 맑은 골 metastases을 보여주 생쥐는 양자 FX 마이크로 중부 표준시 시스템에서 몇 군데 있었다. </li><li> 퀀텀 FX 마이크로 중부 표준시 시스템은 잠복기 연구에서 진정한 길이 마이크로 CT를 할 수있을만큼 충분 낮은 X - 선 선량에서 높은 품질의 이미지를 제공합니다. </li><li> 두 다리 뼈 저하는 길이 방향 분안에이 시스템을 사용하여 모니터링할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 마우스는 isoflurane 3퍼센트로 anesthetized되고 IVIS 스펙트럼 시스템에서 직접 전송하실 수 있습니다. </li><li> 두 60mm 이미지는 전체 동물보기를 캡처 함께 맞춘 있습니다. </li><li> 30mm FOV는 영상 고해상도의 무릎 관절에 이상적입니다. </li><li> 뼈 metastases를 측정하고 수치만큼 충분히 높은 해상도를 가진 하나의 검사는 막 18 초 소요 단 13mGy의 복용을 제공합니다. </li><li> 생쥐는 동물의 종양 성장이나 건강에 영향을 미치지 않고 마이크로 중부 표준시 시스템 36일 8 시간까지 몇 군데 있었다. </li><li> 마이크로 중부 표준시 이미지는 뼈 leisions가 10 일째에 볼 수 있었고, BLI 신호의 증가에 대응하는, 매우 빠르게 진행되고 것으로 나타났다. </li></ol> 5. BLI와 uCT의 3D는 공동 등록 및 분석 <ol><li> 일단 이미지는 3 차원 재건에 공동 등록 수는 IVIS 스펙트럼 및 양자 FX 마이크로 중부 표준시 시스템 데이터 모두에 생포되었습니다. </li><li> MicroCT 이미지는 DICOM 파일로 내보낼와 생활 이미지 4.1 3D 멀티 양상 도구에로드됩니다. </li><li> 생활 이미지 소프트웨어의 광 신호를 재구성 치수 셋을 DLIT 프로그램을 실행합니다. </li><li> 소프트웨어의 fiducial 도구는 마이크로 중부 표준시 이미지로 광학 BLI 신호를 공동 등록하는 데 사용됩니다. </li><li> Coregistered 데이터 세트는 여기에 우리가 뼈에 osteolytic 병변의 발전과 함께 전이성 종양의 성장을 추적하는 질병 진행하는 동안 여러 개의 매개 변수를 모니터링하는 양적 분석하실 수 있습니다. </li> &lt;/ 올&gt;

<ol>
	<li>Jenkins, D. E., Hornig, Y. S., Oei, Y., Dusich, J., Purchio, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bioluminescent+Human+Breast+Cancer+Cell+Lines+that+Permit+Rapid+and+Sensitive+in+vivo+Detection+of+Mammary+Tumors+and+Multiple+Metastases+in+Immune+Deficient+Mice.">Bioluminescent Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines that Permit Rapid and Sensitive in vivo Detection of Mammary Tumors and Multiple Metastases in Immune Deficient Mice.</a> Breast Cancer Research. 7, R444-R454 (2005).</li><li>Cowey, S., Szafran, A. A., Kappes, J., Zinn, K. R., Siegal, G. P., Desmond, R. A., Kim, H., Evans, L., Hardy, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Breast+Cancer+Metastasis+to+Bone:+Evaluation+of+Bioluminescent+Imaging+and+MicroSPECT/CT+for+Detecting+Bone+Metastasis+in+Immunodeficient+Mice.">Breast Cancer Metastasis to Bone: Evaluation of Bioluminescent Imaging and MicroSPECT/CT for Detecting Bone Metastasis in Immunodeficient Mice.</a> Clinical and Experimental Metastasis. 24, 389-401 (2007).</li><li>Labrinidis, A., Hay, S., Liapis, V., Ponomarev, V., Findlay, D. M., Evdokiou, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zoledronic+Acid+Inhibits+Both+the+Osteolytic+and+Osteoblastic+Components+of+Osteosarcoma+Lesions+in+a+Mouse+Model.">Zoledronic Acid Inhibits Both the Osteolytic and Osteoblastic Components of Osteosarcoma Lesions in a Mouse Model.</a> Clinical Cancer Research. 15, (2009).</li><li>Kaijzel, E. L., Pluijm, G. v. a. n. d. e. r., Lowik, C. W. G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole-Body+Optical+Imaging+in+Animal+Models+to+Assess+Cancer+Development+and+Progression.">Whole-Body Optical Imaging in Animal Models to Assess Cancer Development and Progression.</a> Clinical Cancer Research. 13, 3490-3497 (2007).</li><li>Minn, A. J., Kang, Y., Serganova, I., Gupta, G. P., Giri, D. D., Doubrovin, M., Ponomarev, V., Gerald, W. L., Blasberg, R., Massague, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Distinct+Organ-Specific+Metastatic+Potential+of+Individual+Breast+Cancer+Cells+and+Primary+Tumors.">Distinct Organ-Specific Metastatic Potential of Individual Breast Cancer Cells and Primary Tumors.</a> The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 115, (2005).</li><li>Xu, H., Christensen, A., Kuo, C., Nilson, D., Lim, E., Whalen, J., Kim, J. B., Zhang, N., Singh, R., Oldfield, S., Troy, T., Rice, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Co-registration+of+in+vivo+Optical+Tomography+and+Micro-CT+for+Longitudinal+Studies.">Co-registration of in vivo Optical Tomography and Micro-CT for Longitudinal Studies.</a> Word Molecular Imaging Congress. , (2010).</li></ol>

저자는이 문서에 등장하는 악기를 만드는 칼리퍼 생명 과학의 직원입니다.

microCT과 작은 동물 이미징은 같은 종양 개발 (..; Labrinidis 외, 2009 Cowey 외 2007)과 같은 병적인 조건 아래에서 모니터링 osteolytic 병변에 적용되었습니다. 루시페라제 분류 종양의 bioluminescence 이미징 널리 사전 임상 채택되었습니다로서, bioluminescence과 microCT 이미지의 공동 등록 bioluminescence 신호 (Kaijzel 외. 2007)의 해부 학적 위치의 더 나은 정의를 제공했습니다. 루시페라제 표시 유방 종양 세포 라인 MDA - MB - 231 - 륙 - D3H2LN와 함께 이전 연구는 내부 심장 분사 다음과 같은 뼈와 osteolytic 병변의 발전에 metastases 보여 (젠킨스 외 2005;. 민 외, 2005). 본 연구에서는, 우리는 체계적 MDA - MB - 231 - 륙 - D3H2LN의 전이 모델과 조합 광학과 낮은 방사선 선량 - microCT 이미징과 함께 종양 metastases과 osteolytic 활동의 종단 연구를 탐험. 우리는 IVIS 스펙트럼 및 양자 FX microCT 시스템 및 달성 bioluminescence 및 중부 표준시 우리가 새롭게 개발한 생활 이미지 4.1 소프트웨어 (헹 외., 2010)와 공동으로 등록 순차 이미징을 수행. IVIS과 Bioluminescence 이미징은 종양이 초기 단계에서 감지 수 있도록 높은 민감도와 종양 세포의 비침습 감지 기능을 제공합니다. 퀀텀 FX와 영상은 뼈 병변 및 자세한 해부 학적 정보의 정확한 3 차원 재구성 수 있습니다. 퀀텀 FX 시스템은 질병 진행의 길이 모니터링을 가능하게 낮은 방사선 선량 이미징을 제공합니다. 뼈 병변 및 종양 metastases의 상관 관계는 공동 등록 이미지에 묘사된되었고, 병변의 개발 multimodality 추적의 이점은 길이 방향 명확하게 증명되었다.

monitoring tumor metastases and osteolytic lesions with bioluminescence and micro ct imaging

뉴 / 뉴 마우스로 MDA - MB - 231 - 륙 - D3H2LN 세포의 다음 intracardiac 전달, 주입 동물에서 개발된 체계 metastases. IVIS 스펙트럼을 사용하여 Bioluminescence 이미징은 종양 신호와 위치를 측정하는 DLIT 재건축 포함하여 전달 절차에 따라 종양 세포의 분포와 개발을 모니터 고용했다. 뼈 조직에 전이성 병변의 개발은 경골에 osteolytic 활동과 병변을 유발하고 대퇴골은 마이크로 CT를 사용하여 길이 방향 평가했다. 이미징은 빠른 이미징과 낮은 X - 선 선량과 양자 FX 마이크로 중부 표준시 시스템을 사용하여 수행되었습니다. 낮은 방사선 선량은 여러 영상 세션까지 LD50 아래 누적 X - 선 조사량을 수행할 수 있습니다. 마우스 이미징 셔틀 장치는 순차적으로 이미지를 IVIS 스펙트럼과 양자 FX 모두 쥐가 bioluminescence 및 중부 표준시 이미지를 모두 정확 동물 포지셔닝을 달성 사용되었다. 광학 및 중부 표준시 데이터 세트는 생활 이미지 4.1 소프트웨어를 사용하여 3 - dimentions 공동 등록되었다. 이 다중 모드 방식은 osteolytic 활동을 동시에 종양 성장과 발전의 가까이 모니터링을 허용합니다.

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Monitoring Tumor Metastases and Osteolytic Lesions with Bioluminescence and Micro CT Imaging at JoVE.com

Monitoring Tumor Metastases and Osteolytic Lesions with Bioluminescence and Micro CT Imaging

뼈 전이의 실험 마우스 모델은 루시페라제 내유 종양 세포를 표현 intracardiac 배달 아래 설립되었습니다. 종양 개발 및 osteolytic 병변을 발생은 bioluminescence과 마이크로 중부 표준시 이미징과 길이 방향 감시했다.

Bioluminescence 및 마이크로 중부 표준시 이미징과 함께 종양의 Metastases 및 Osteolytic 조직 손상을 모니터링

Following intracardiac delivery of MDA-MB-231-luc-D3H2LN cells to Nu/Nu mice, systemic metastases developed in the injected animals. Bioluminescence ...

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비디오: Monitoring Tumor Metastases and Osteolytic Lesions with Bioluminescence and Micro CT Imaging

In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia Dynamics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis in a Mouse Model

It is well recognized that tumor hypoxia plays an important role in promoting malignant progression and affecting therapeutic response negatively. There is little knowledge about in situ, in vivo, tumor hypoxia during intracranial development of malignant brain tumors because of lack of efficient means to monitor it in these deep-seated orthotopic tumors. Bioluminescence imaging (BLI), based on the detection of light emitted by living cells expressing a luciferase gene, has been rapidly adopted for cancer research, in particular, to evaluate tumor growth or tumor size changes in response to treatment in preclinical animal studies. Moreover, by expressing a reporter gene under the control of a promoter sequence, the specific gene expression can be monitored non-invasively by BLI. Under hypoxic stress, signaling responses are mediated mainly via the hypoxia inducible factor-1&alpha; (HIF-1&alpha;) to drive transcription of various genes. Therefore, we have used a HIF-1&alpha; reporter construct, 5HRE-ODD-luc, stably transfected into human breast cancer MDA-MB231 cells (MDA-MB231/5HRE-ODD-luc). In vitro HIF-1&alpha; bioluminescence assay is performed by incubating the transfected cells in a hypoxic chamber (0.1% O2) for 24 hr before BLI, while the cells in normoxia (21% O2) serve as a control. Significantly higher photon flux observed for the cells under hypoxia suggests an increased HIF-1&alpha; binding to its promoter (HRE elements), as compared to those in normoxia. Cells are injected directly into the mouse brain to establish a breast cancer brain metastasis model. In vivo bioluminescence imaging of tumor hypoxia dynamics is initiated 2 wks after implantation and repeated once a week. BLI reveals increasing light signals from the brain as the tumor progresses, indicating increased intracranial tumor hypoxia. Histological and immunohistochemical studies are used to confirm the in vivo imaging results. Here, we will introduce approaches of in vitro HIF-1&alpha; bioluminescence assay, surgical establishment of a breast cancer brain metastasis in a nude mouse and application of in vivo bioluminescence imaging to monitor intracranial tumor hypoxia.

In vivo Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Hypoxia Dynamics of Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis in a Mouse Model

Bioluminescence imaging of hypoxia inducible factor-1&alpha; activity is applied to monitor intracranial tumor hypoxia development in a breast cancer brain metastasis mouse model.

유방암 뇌 전이의 종양 Hypoxia 역학 생체내의 Bioluminescence 이미징에서는 마우스 모델에서

It is well recognized that tumor hypoxia plays an important role in promoting malignant progression and affecting therapeutic response negatively. There ...

연구

의학

Osmotic Drug Delivery to Ischemic Hindlimbs and Perfusion of Vasculature with Microfil for Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging

Preclinical research in animal models of peripheral arterial disease plays a vital role in testing the efficacy of therapeutic agents designed to stimulate microcirculation. The choice of delivery method for these agents is important because the route of administration profoundly affects the bioactivity and efficacy of these agents1,2. In this article, we demonstrate how to locally administer a substance in ischemic hindlimbs by using a catheterized osmotic pump. This pump can deliver a fixed volume of aqueous solution continuously for an allotted period of time. We also present our mouse model of unilateral hindlimb ischemia induced by ligation of the common femoral artery proximal to the origin of profunda femoris and epigastrica arteries in the left hindlimb. Lastly, we describe the in vivo cannulation and ligation of the infrarenal abdominal aorta and perfusion of the hindlimb vasculature with Microfil, a silicone radiopaque casting agent. Microfil can perfuse and fill the entire vascular bed (arterial and venous), and because we have ligated the major vascular conduit for exit, the agent can be retained in the vasculature for future ex vivo imaging with the use of small specimen micro-CT3.

We show here the in vivo insertion of an osmotic pump for constant local drug delivery and the creation of hindlimb ischemia in a mouse model. Moreover, the hindlimb vasculature is perfused with Microfil, a silicone radiopaque agent, to prepare for micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) imaging.

마이크로 컴퓨터 단층 촬영 영상에 대한 Microfil와 허혈성 뒷발과 혈관의 관류에 삼투의 약물 전달 (Drug Delivery)

Preclinical research in animal models of peripheral arterial disease plays a vital role in testing the efficacy of therapeutic agents designed to ...

Bioluminescence Imaging of an Immunocompetent Animal Model for Glioblastoma

In contrast to commonly reported human glioma xenograft animal models, GL261 murine glioma xenografts recapitulate nearly all relevant clinical and histopathologic features of the human disease. When GL261 cells are implanted intracranially in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice, the model has the added advantage of maintaining an intact immune microenvironment. Stable expression of luciferase in GL261 cells allows non-invasive cost effective bioluminescence monitoring of intracranial tumor growth. We have recently demonstrated that luciferase expression in GL261 cells does not affect the tumor growth properties, tumor cell immunomodulatory cytokine expression, infiltration of immune cells into the tumor, or overall survival of animals bearing the intracranial tumor. Therefore, it appears that the GL261 luciferase glioma model can be useful in the study of novel chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic modalities. Here we report the technique for generating stable luciferase expression in GL261 cells and how to study the in vitro and in vivo growth of the tumor cells by bioluminescence imaging.

GL261 glioma cells provide a useful immunocompetent animal model of glioblastoma. The goals of this protocol are to demonstrate proper techniques for monitoring intracranial tumor growth using in vivo bioluminescence imaging, and to verify the utility of luciferase-modified GL261 cells for studying tumor immunology and immunotherapeutic approaches for treating glioblastoma.

교 모세포종에 대한 면역 적격 동물 모델의 생물 발광 영상

In contrast to commonly reported human glioma xenograft animal models, GL261 murine glioma xenografts recapitulate nearly all relevant clinical and ...

Bioluminescence-Based Tumor Quantification Method for Monitoring Tumor Progression and Treatment Effects in Mouse Lymphoma Models

Although bioluminescence imaging (BLI) shows promise for monitoring tumor burden in animal models of cancer, these analyses remain mostly qualitative. Here we describe a method for bioluminescence imaging to obtain a semi-quantitative analysis of tumor burden and treatment response. This method is based on the calculation of a luminoscore, a value that allows comparisons of two animals from the same or different experiments. Current BLI instruments enable the calculation of this luminoscore, which relies mainly on the acquisition conditions (back and front acquisitions) and the drawing of the region of interest (manual markup around the mouse). Using two previously described mouse lymphoma models based on cell engraftment, we show that the luminoscore method can serve as a noninvasive way to verify successful tumor cell inoculation, monitor tumor burden, and evaluate the effects of in situ cancer treatment (CpG-DNA). Finally, we show that this method suits different experimental designs. We suggest that this method be used for early estimates of treatment response in preclinical small-animal studies.

Bioluminescence imaging is a well-known tool for localizing tumors and metastases, but quantification of these images often requires complex calculations and particular instruments. We describe the easy-to-use luminoscore method, based on precise acquisition conditions, requiring no calculations, and enabling tumor burden and treatment response to be monitored in mouse models.

마우스 림프종 모델의 모니터링 종양의 진행과 치료 효과에 대한 생물 발광 기반 종양 정량 방법

Although bioluminescence imaging (BLI) shows promise for monitoring tumor burden in animal models of cancer, these analyses remain mostly qualitative. ...

Combined Near-infrared Fluorescent Imaging and Micro-computed Tomography for Directly Visualizing Cerebral Thromboemboli

Direct thrombus imaging visualizes the root cause of thromboembolic infarction. Being able to image thrombus directly allows far better investigation of stroke than relying on indirect measurements, and will be a potent and robust vascular research tool. We use an optical imaging approach that labels thrombi with a molecular imaging thrombus marker&#160;&#8212; a Cy5.5 near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probe that is covalently linked to the fibrin strands of the thrombus by the fibrin-crosslinking enzymatic action of activated coagulation factor XIIIa during the process of clot maturation. A micro-computed tomography (microCT)-based approach uses thrombus-seeking gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) functionalized to target the major component of the clot: fibrin. This paper describes a detailed protocol for the combined in vivo microCT and ex vivo NIRF imaging of thromboemboli in a mouse model of embolic stroke. We show that in vivo microCT and fibrin-targeted glycol-chitosan AuNPs (fib-GC-AuNPs) can be used for visualizing both in situ thrombi and cerebral embolic thrombi. We also describe the use of in vivo microCT-based direct thrombus imaging to serially monitor the therapeutic effects of tissue plasminogen activator-mediated thrombolysis. After the last imaging session, we demonstrate by ex vivo NIRF imaging the extent and the distribution of residual thromboemboli in the brain. Finally, we describe quantitative image analyses of microCT and NIRF imaging data. The combined technique of direct thrombus imaging allows two independent methods of thrombus visualization to be compared: the area of thrombus-related fluorescent signal on ex vivo NIRF imaging vs. the volume of hyperdense microCT thrombi in vivo.

This protocol describes the application of combined near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging and micro-computed tomography (microCT) for visualizing cerebral thromboemboli. This technique allows the quantification of thrombus burden and evolution. The NIRF imaging technique visualizes fluorescently labeled thrombus in excised brain, while the microCT technique visualizes thrombus inside living animals using gold-nanoparticles.

직접 대뇌 Thromboemboli 시각화를위한 결합 된 근적외선 형광 이미징 및 마이크로 계산 된 단층 촬영

Direct thrombus imaging visualizes the root cause of thromboembolic infarction. Being able to image thrombus directly allows far better investigation of ...

Determining Glucose Metabolism Kinetics Using 18F-FDG Micro-PET/CT

This paper describes the use of 18F-FDG and micro-PET/CT imaging to determine in vivo glucose metabolism kinetics in mice (and is transferable to rats). Impaired uptake and metabolism of glucose in multiple organ systems due to insulin resistance is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. The ability of this technique to extract an image-derived input function from the vena cava using an iterative deconvolution method eliminates the requirement of the collection of arterial blood samples. Fitting of tissue and vena cava time activity curves to a two-tissue, three compartment model permits the estimation of kinetic micro-parameters related to the 18F-FDG uptake from the plasma to the intracellular space, the rate of transport from intracellular space to plasma and the rate of 18F-FDG phosphorylation. This methodology allows for multiple measures of glucose uptake and metabolism kinetics in the context of longitudinal studies and also provides insights into the efficacy of therapeutic interventions.

Determining Glucose Metabolism Kinetics Using 18F-FDG Micro-PET/CT

This study describes a protocol that uses 18F-FDG and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, together with kinetic modelling, to quantify the in vivo, real-time uptake of 18F-FDG into tissues.

사용 포도당 대사 속도론 결정<sup&gt; (18)</sup&gt; F-FDG 마이크로 PET / CT

This paper describes the use of 18F-FDG and micro-PET/CT imaging to determine in vivo glucose metabolism kinetics in mice (and is transferable to rats). ...

Induction and Micro-CT Imaging of Cerebral Cavernous Malformations in Mouse Model

Mutations in the CCM1 (aka KRIT1), CCM2, or CCM3 (aka PDCD10) gene cause cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) in humans. Mouse models of CCM disease have been established by tamoxifen induced deletion of Ccm genes in postnatal animals. These mouse models provide invaluable tools to investigate molecular mechanism and therapeutic approaches for CCM disease. An accurate and quantitative method to assess lesion burden and progression is essential to harness the full value of these animal models. Here, we demonstrate the induction of CCM disease in a mouse model and the use of the contrast enhanced X-ray micro computed tomography (micro-CT) method to measure CCM lesion burden in mouse brains. At postnatal day 1 (P1), we used 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4HT) to activate Cre recombinase activity from the Cdh5-CreErt2 transgene to cleave the floxed allele of Ccm2. CCM lesions in mouse brains were analyzed at P8. For micro-CT, iodine based Lugol&#39;s solution was used to enhance contrast in brain tissue. We have optimized the scan parameters and utilized a voxel dimension of 9.5 &#181;m, which lead to a minimum feature size of approximately 25 &#181;m. This resolution is sufficient to measure CCM lesion volume and number globally and accurately, and provide high-quality 3-D mapping of CCM lesions in mouse brains. This method enhances the value of the established mouse models to study the molecular basis and potential therapies for CCM and other cerebrovascular diseases.

This protocol demonstrates the induction of cerebral cavernous malformation disease in a mouse model and uses contrast enhanced micro computed tomography to measure lesion burden. This method enhances the value of established mouse models to study the molecular basis and potential therapies for cerebral cavernous malformation and other cerebrovascular diseases.

유도 및 마우스 모델에서 대뇌 동굴 같은 기형의 마이크로-CT 영상

Mutations in the CCM1 (aka KRIT1), CCM2, or CCM3 (aka PDCD10) gene cause cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) in humans. Mouse models of CCM disease have ...

Quantitative Micro-CT Analysis of Aortopathy in a Mouse Model of &#946;-aminopropionitrile-induced Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection

Aortic aneurysm and dissection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the population and can be highly lethal. While animal models of aortic disease exist, in vivo imaging of the vasculature has been limited. In recent years, micro-computerized tomography (micro-CT) has emerged as a preferred modality for imaging both large and small vessels both in vivo and ex vivo. In conjunction with a method of vascular casting, we have successfully used micro-CT to characterize the frequency and distribution of aortic pathology in &#946;-aminopropionitrile-treated C57/Bl6 mice. Technical limitations of this method include variations in the quality of the perfusion introduced by poor animal preparation, the application of proper methodologies for vessel size quantification, and the non-survivability of this procedure. This article details a methodology for the intravascular perfusion of a lead-based radiopaque silicone rubber for the quantitative characterization of aortopathy in a mouse model of aneurysm and dissection. In addition to visualizing aortic pathology, this method may be used for examining other vascular beds in vivo or vascular beds removed post-mortem.

Quantitative Micro-CT Analysis of Aortopathy in a Mouse Model of &amp;#946;-aminopropionitrile-induced Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection

This article describes a detailed methodology of using a radiopaque lead-based silicone rubber to perfuse the murine vasculature for aortic diameter quantification in a mouse model of aortic aneurysm and dissection.

Β-aminopropionitrile-유도 대동맥 동맥 및 해 부의 마우스 모델에서 Aortopathy의 양적 마이크로 CT 분석

Aortic aneurysm and dissection is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the population and can be highly lethal. While animal models of ...

Dual Bioluminescence Imaging of Tumor Progression and Angiogenesis

Angiogenesis, as a crucial process of tumor progression, has become a research hotspot and target of anti-tumor therapy. However, there is no reliable model for tracing tumor progression and angiogenesis simultaneously in a visual and sensitive manner. Bioluminescence imaging displays its unique superiority in living imaging due to its advantages of high sensitivity, strong specificity, and accurate measurement. Presented here is a protocol to establish a tumor-bearing mouse model by injecting a Renilla luciferase-labeled murine breast cancer cell line 4T1 into the transgenic mouse with angiogenesis-induced Firefly luciferase expression. This mouse model provides a valuable tool to simultaneously monitor tumor progression and angiogenesis in real-time by dual bioluminescence imaging in a single mouse. This model may be widely applied in anti-tumor drug screening and oncology research.

This protocol describes the establishment of a tumor-bearing mouse model to monitor tumor progression and angiogenesis in real-time by dual bioluminescence imaging.

종양 진행 및 혈관 신생의 이중 생물 발광 이미징

Angiogenesis, as a crucial process of tumor progression, has become a research hotspot and target of anti-tumor therapy. However, there is no reliable ...

Evaluation of Capnography Sampling Line Compatibility and Accuracy when Used with a Portable Capnography Monitor

Capnography is commonly used to monitor patient&#8217;s ventilatory status. While sidestream capnography has been shown to provide a reliable assessment of end-tidal CO2 (ETCO2), its accuracy is commonly validated using commercial kits composed of a capnography monitor and its matching disposable nasal cannula sampling lines. The purpose of this study was to assess the compatibility and accuracy of cross-paired capnography sampling lines with a single portable bedside capnography monitor. A series of 4 bench tests were performed to evaluate the tensile strength, rise time, ETCO2 accuracy as a function of respiratory rate, and ETCO2 accuracy in the presence of supplemental O2. Each bench test was performed using specialized, validated equipment to allow for a full evaluation of sampling line performance. The 4 bench tests successfully differentiated between sampling lines from different commercial sources and suggested that due to increased rise time and decreased ETCO2 accuracy, not all nasal cannula sampling lines provide reliable clinical data when cross-paired with a commercial capnography monitor. Care should be taken to ensure that any cross-pairing of capnography monitors and disposable sampling lines is fully validated for use across respiratory rates and supplemental O2 flow rates commonly encountered in clinical settings.

The goal of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of capnography sampling lines used in conjunction with a portable bedside capnography monitor. Sampling lines from 7 manufacturers were evaluated for tensile strength, rise time, and ETCO2 accuracy as a function of respiratory rate or supplemental oxygen flow rate.

휴대용 Capnography 모니터와 함께 사용할 때 Capnography 샘플링 라인 호환성 및 정확도 평가

Capnography is commonly used to monitor patient&#8217;s ventilatory status. While sidestream capnography has been shown to provide a reliable assessment ...