Name: isolation, purification and labeling of mouse bone marrow neutrophils for functional studies and adoptive transfer experiments
Uploaded: 2013-07-10T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation, Purification and Labeling of Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophils for Functional Studies and Adoptive Transfer Experiments at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the Division of Intramural Research of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institute of Health (NIH), USA.
All mice were maintained at an American Association for the Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care&#x2013;accredited animal facility at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) and housed in accordance with the procedures outlined in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals under the auspices of a protocol approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the NIAID.

1. Isolation of Mouse Bone Marrow Cells
<ol>
	<li>Euthanize mice using the institution's animal care committee-approved protocol and spray the animal surface with 70% ethanol.</li>
	<li>Make an incision of the skin in the mid-abdomen and remove the skin from the distal part of the mouse including the skin covering the lower extremities.</li>
	<li>Cut off the muscles from the lower extremities using scissors and carefully dislocate the acetabulum from the hip joint, while avoiding breaking the femur head.</li>
	<li>Remo...

<ol>
	<li>Lehrer, R. I., Ganz, T., Selsted, M. E., Babior, B. M., Curnutte, J. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophils+and+host+defense.">Neutrophils and host defense.</a> Ann. Intern. Med. 109 (2), 127-142 (1988).</li><li>Rot, A., von Andrian, U. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemokines+in+innate+and+adaptive+host+defense:+basic+chemokinese+grammar+for+immune+cells.">Chemokines in innate and adaptive host defense: basic chemokinese grammar for immune cells.</a> Annu. Rev. Immunol. 22, 891-928 (2004).</li><li>Amulic, B., Cazalet, C., Hayes, G. L., Metzler, K. D., Zychlinsky, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophil+function:+from+mechanisms+to+disease.">Neutrophil function: from mechanisms to disease.</a> Annu. Rev. Immunol. 30, 459-489 (2012).</li><li>Blomgran, R., Ernst, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lung+neutrophils+facilitate+activation+of+naive+antigen-specific+CD4++T+cells+during+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+infection.">Lung neutrophils facilitate activation of naive antigen-specific CD4+ T cells during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.</a> J. Immunol. 186 (12), 7110-7119 (2011).</li><li>Narasaraju, T., Yang, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Excessive+neutrophils+and+neutrophil+extracellular+traps+contribute+to+acute+lung+injury+of+influenza+pneumonitis.">Excessive neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to acute lung injury of influenza pneumonitis.</a> Am. J. Pathol. 179 (1), 199-210 (2011).</li><li>Lionakis, M. S., Fischer, B. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemokine+receptor+Ccr1+drives+neutrophil-mediated+kidney+immunopathology+and+mortality+in+invasive+candidiasis.">Chemokine receptor Ccr1 drives neutrophil-mediated kidney immunopathology and mortality in invasive candidiasis.</a> PLoS Pathog. 8 (8), (2012).</li><li>Casc&#227;o, R., Ros&#225;rio, H. S., Souto-Carneiro, M. M., Fonseca, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophils+in+rheumatoid+arthritis:+More+than+simple+final+effectors.">Neutrophils in rheumatoid arthritis: More than simple final effectors.</a> Autoimmun. Rev. 9 (8), 531-535 (2010).</li><li>Denny, M. F., Yalavarthi, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+distinct+subset+of+proinflammatory+neutrophils+isolated+from+patients+with+systemic+lupus+erythematosus+induces+vascular+damage+and+synthesizes+type+I+IFNs.">A distinct subset of proinflammatory neutrophils isolated from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus induces vascular damage and synthesizes type I IFNs.</a> J. Immunol. 184 (6), 3284-3297 (2010).</li><li>Kim, N. D., Chou, R. C., Seung, E., Tager, A. M., Luster, A. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+unique+requirement+for+the+leukotriene+B4+receptor+BLT1+for+neutrophil+recruitment+in+inflammatory+arthritis.">A unique requirement for the leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 for neutrophil recruitment in inflammatory arthritis.</a> J. Exp. Med. 203 (4), 829-835 (2006).</li><li>Cotter, M. J., Norman, K. E., Hellewell, P. G., Ridger, V. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+method+for+isolation+of+neutrophils+from+murine+blood+using+negative+immunomagnetic+separation.">A novel method for isolation of neutrophils from murine blood using negative immunomagnetic separation.</a> Am. J. Pathol. 159 (2), 473-481 (2001).</li><li>Hasenberg, M., K&#246;hler, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+immunomagnetic+negative+enrichment+of+neutrophil+granulocytes+from+murine+bone+marrow+for+functional+studies+in+vitro+and+in+vivo.">Rapid immunomagnetic negative enrichment of neutrophil granulocytes from murine bone marrow for functional studies in vitro and in vivo.</a> PLoS One. 6 (2), e17314 (2011).</li><li>Gao, J. L., Lee, E. J., Murphy, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impaired+antibacterial+host+defense+in+mice+lacking+the+N-formylpeptide+receptor.">Impaired antibacterial host defense in mice lacking the N-formylpeptide receptor.</a> J. Exp. Med. 189 (4), 657-662 (1999).</li><li>Pruijt, J. F., Verzaal, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neutrophils+are+indispensable+for+hematopoietic+stem+cell+mobilization+induced+by+interleukin-8+in+mice.">Neutrophils are indispensable for hematopoietic stem cell mobilization induced by interleukin-8 in mice.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (9), 6228-6233 (2002).</li><li>Eash, K. J., Greenbaum, A. M., Gopalan, P. K., Link, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CXCR2+and+CXCR4+antagonistically+regulate+neutrophil+trafficking+from+murine+bone+marrow.">CXCR2 and CXCR4 antagonistically regulate neutrophil trafficking from murine bone marrow.</a> J. Clin. Invest. 120 (7), 2423-2431 (2010).</li><li>Lionakis, M. S., Lim, J. K., Lee, C. C., Murphy, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organ-specific+innate+immune+responses+in+a+mouse+model+of+invasive+candidiasis.">Organ-specific innate immune responses in a mouse model of invasive candidiasis.</a> J. Innate. Immun. 3 (2), 180-199 (2011).</li><li>Boxio, R., Bossenmeyer-Pouri&#233;, C., Steinckwich, N., Dournon, C., N&#252;sse, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+bone+marrow+contains+large+numbers+of+functionally+competent+neutrophils.">Mouse bone marrow contains large numbers of functionally competent neutrophils.</a> J. Leukoc. Biol. 75 (4), 604-611 (2004).</li><li>Kim, N. D., Chou, R. C., Seung, E., Tager, A. M., Luster, A. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+unique+requirement+for+the+leukotriene+B4+receptor+BLT1+for+neutrophil+recruitment+in+inflammatory+arthritis.">A unique requirement for the leukotriene B4 receptor BLT1 for neutrophil recruitment in inflammatory arthritis.</a> J. Exp. Med. 203 (4), 829-835 (2006).</li><li>Gunzer, M., Weishaupt, C., Planelles, L., Grabbe, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two-step+negative+enrichment+of+CD4++and+CD8++T+cells+from+murine+spleen+via+nylon+wool+adherence+and+an+optimized+antibody+cocktail.">Two-step negative enrichment of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from murine spleen via nylon wool adherence and an optimized antibody cocktail.</a> J. Immunol. Methods. 258 (1-2), 55-63 (2001).</li><li>Tosello Boari, J., Amezcua Vesely, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=IL-17RA+signaling+reduces+inflammation+and+mortality+during+Trypanosoma+cruzi+infection+by+recruiting+suppressive+IL-10-producing+neutrophils.">IL-17RA signaling reduces inflammation and mortality during Trypanosoma cruzi infection by recruiting suppressive IL-10-producing neutrophils.</a> PLoS Pathog. 8 (4), e1002658 (2012).</li><li>Hattori, H., Subramanian, K. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small-molecule+screen+identifies+reactive+oxygen+species+as+key+regulators+of+neutrophil+chemotaxis.">Small-molecule screen identifies reactive oxygen species as key regulators of neutrophil chemotaxis.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107 (8), 3546-3351 (2010).</li><li>Wan, W., Lionakis, M. S., Liu, Q., Roff&#234;, E., Murphy, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+Deletion+of+Chemokine+Receptor+Ccr7+Exacerbates+Atherogenesis+in+ApoE-deficient+Mice.">Genetic Deletion of Chemokine Receptor Ccr7 Exacerbates Atherogenesis in ApoE-deficient Mice.</a> Cardiovasc. Res. 97 (3), 580-588 (2013).</li><li>Ueda, Y., Kondo, M., Kelsoe, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inflammation+and+the+reciprocal+production+of+granulocytes+and+lymphocytes+in+bone+marrow.">Inflammation and the reciprocal production of granulocytes and lymphocytes in bone marrow.</a> J. Exp. Med. 201 (11), 1771-1780 (2005).</li><li>Berkow, R. L., Dodson, R. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purification+and+functional+evaluation+of+mature+neutrophils+from+human+bone+marrow.">Purification and functional evaluation of mature neutrophils from human bone marrow.</a> Blood. 68 (4), 853-860 (1986).</li></ol>

Herein we present a reliable, simple, fast and economical protocol for isolation of large numbers of neutrophils from the bone marrow of mice with high purity and viability using a density gradient centrifugation approach. When this protocol is performed correctly, ~6-12 &times; 106 neutrophils can be recovered from an uninfected mouse and as many as ~30-40 &times;106 neutrophils may be isolated from a mouse after infection 6. The isolated neutrophils are 80-95% pure and &gt;95% viable.</...

Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in humans. They are the main cellular component of the innate immune system and act as a first line of defense against invading microorganisms. Patients with acquired neutropenia and primary immunodeficiencies that affect neutrophil numbers and/or function develop life-threatening invasive bacterial and fungal infections, highlighting the importance of these cells in host defense 1. Immune recognition of invading pathogens at the infection site by their cognate pattern-recognition receptors results in the induction of an orchestrated innate immune response, which leads to secretion of chemoattractants that generate a chemotactic gradient capable of recruiting neutrophils from the bloodstream into the inflamed tissue 2. After neutrophils enter the infection site, they become activated, which leads to cytokine and chemokine production, pathogen uptake, and killing via oxidative and non-oxidative mechanisms 3. Besides their well-recognized role in innate immunity, neutrophils have also been recently shown to play important roles as initiators of effective adaptive immune responses 4. On the other hand, apart from their protective roles in immunity, neutrophils may also mediate tissue injury and immunopathology due to excessive accumulation and/or activation at sites of inflammation, as shown in a variety of infectious and autoimmune diseases 5-7.
Despite the indispensable role of neutrophils in mounting effective innate immune responses and their pleiotropic effector functions in several infectious diseases and inflammatory conditions, technical difficulties with handling these cells and lack of reliable experimental protocols has hindered research with neutrophils over the past decades. Therefore, use of reproducible assays for isolation of neutrophils should facilitate further research on neutrophil-mediated immunological functions ex vivo and in vivo. To date, several methods have been described for the isolation of neutrophils such as density gradient centrifugation of human blood and mouse blood or bone marrow 8,9, positive or negative immunomagnetic enrichment of neutrophils from mouse blood or bone marrow 10,11, and harvesting of neutrophils from the peritoneal cavity of mice following intraperitoneal injection of thioglycollate or other inflammatory agents 12. Although neutrophils can be easily isolated in large numbers from human blood, this method is suboptimal in mice due to the limited volume of mouse blood that precludes isolation of sufficient neutrophils for functional studies or adoptive transfer experiments 13. In addition, although the yield of thioglycollate-elicited cells from the peritoneal cavity is greater compared to that of mouse blood, the purity of neutrophils in the inflammatory peritoneal lavage varies between 60-90%, and the isolated neutrophils exhibit an activated phenotype. Thus, the cells collected using this method can only be used for performing functional studies of activated but not of unstimulated neutrophils, as the mouse peritoneal cavity has few neutrophils at the steady state 12. Instead, the bone marrow is a convenient reservoir for harvesting large numbers of either unstimulated or activated neutrophils 11,14, which can then be used for downstream functional studies such as phagocytosis, killing and degranulation, or for adoptive transfer into recipient mice.
Herein we describe a simple and fast (~ 2 hr) protocol, which provides a high yield (~6-12 &times; 106 neutrophils/uninfected mouse, or up to 30-40 &times; 106 neutrophils/infected mouse) of pure (80-95%) neutrophils with &gt;95% viability from the bone marrow. This method uses commercially available Histopaque, which are density gradient cell separation media consisting of Ficoll and sodium diatrizoate, to separate neutrophils from the bone marrow of mice. This method yields significantly larger numbers of neutrophils per mouse compared to blood or peritoneal cavity, it can be used to collect neutrophils from mice both at steady state or after infection, and it is easier to layer compared to the density gradient centrifugation method that uses discontinuous Percoll gradients consisting of 55%/65%/75% Percoll in PBS 9. In addition, the time and resources required to collect pure neutrophils are significantly decreased compared to neutrophil isolation using Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting. Also, because this method does not involve an immunomagnetic enrichment step, it is more cost-effective, and it avoids the exposure of cells to the magnetic column and antibodies, thus decreasing the likelihood of neutrophil activation.
In addition to performing functional studies of isolated neutrophils ex vivo and adoptive transfer of cells into recipient mice, this protocol also describes a method for labeling of isolated neutrophils using different CellTracker dyes. Differential labeling of neutrophils from mice of various genetic backgrounds can be adapted in competitive repopulation studies for tracking the transferred neutrophils in tissues of recipient mice using flow cytometry, which can provide mechanistic insight on the direct role of specific genes in trafficking of neutrophils from the blood into target inflamed organs 6.

<table border="1">
 <tbody>
 <tr>
 <td>Name of Reagent/Material</td>
 <td>Company</td>
 <td>Catalog Number</td>
 <td>Comments</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>Reagents</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>RPMI 1640 1X with L-glutamine and 25 mM HEPES</td>
 <td>Cellgro</td>
 <td>10-041-CV</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Fetal Bovine Serum (Heat inactivated)</td>
 <td>GemCell</td>
 <td>100500</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Penicillin/Streptomycin (10,000 units penicillin / 10,000 mg/ml strep)</td>
 <td>GIBCO</td>
 <td>15140</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>0.5 M EDTA</td>
 <td>Quality Biological Inc</td>
 <td>351-027-101</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>0.2% and 1.6% sodium chloride</td>
 <td>JT Baker</td>
 <td>3624</td>
 <td>Sodium chloride solutions prepared using distilled water and sterile filtered</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Sterile filtered Histopaque 1077</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>10771</td>
 <td>Histopaque 1077 needs to be brought to 18-26 &deg;C before use</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Sterile filtered Histopaque 1119</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>11191</td>
 <td>Histopaque 1119 needs to be brought to 18-26 &deg;C before use</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) without Calcium and Magnesium</td>
 <td>Cellgro</td>
 <td>210-40-CV</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Ethyl Alcohol (200 proof)</td>
 <td>The Warner Graham Company</td>
 <td>64-17-5</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>CellTracker Green (CMFDA, 5-Chloromethylfluorescein Diacetate)</td>
 <td>Invitrogen</td>
 <td>C-7025</td>
 <td>Make stock solutions of 10 mM in DMSO, aliquot and store at -80 &deg;C</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>CellTracker Orange (CMTMR, 5-(and 6)-4-Chloromethyl Benzoyl Amino Tetramethylrhodamine)</td>
 <td>Invitrogen</td>
 <td>C-2927</td>
 <td>Make stock solutions of 10 mM in DMSO, aliquot and store at -80 &deg;C</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD45 (Clone 30-F11)</td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>170451-82</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-mouse Ly6G (Clone 1A8)</td>
 <td>BD Pharmingen</td>
 <td>551461</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-mouse Ly6G (Clone 1A8)</td>
 <td>BD Pharmingen</td>
 <td>560599</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD11b (Clone M1/70)</td>
 <td>eBioscience</td>
 <td>47-0112-82</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Anti-mouse CD16/CD32 (Mouse BD Fc Block)</td>
 <td>BD Pharmingen</td>
 <td>553141</td>
 <td>Use at 1:100 dilution</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>LIVE/DEAD Fixable Blue Dead Cell Stain Kit</td>
 <td>Molecular Probes</td>
 <td>L-23105</td>
 <td>Use at 1:1000 dilution</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
 <td>Sigma</td>
 <td>67-68-5</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Paraformaldehyde Solution, 4% in PBS</td>
 <td>USB Corporation</td>
 <td>19943</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>Table 1. Reagents for isolation, labeling and tracking of adoptively transferred neutrophils.</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>Materials</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>C57BL/6 mice</td>
 <td>Taconic</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>15 ml centrifuge tubes</td>
 <td>Corning</td>
 <td>430053</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>50 ml centrifuge tubes</td>
 <td>BD Falcon</td>
 <td>352070</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>25 ml serological pipettes</td>
 <td>Celltreat</td>
 <td>229225B</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>10 ml serological pipettes</td>
 <td>Celltreat</td>
 <td>229210B</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>5 ml serological pipettes</td>
 <td>Celltreat</td>
 <td>229205B</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Pasteur pipettes (3 ml)</td>
 <td>BD Falcon</td>
 <td>357575</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>12 ml syringes</td>
 <td>Kendall monoject</td>
 <td>512878</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>25 G x 5/8 in. Needles (precision glide needles)</td>
 <td>BD</td>
 <td>305122</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>100 mm cell strainers</td>
 <td>BD Falcon</td>
 <td>352360</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Bactericidal Petri dishes</td>
 <td>BD Falcon</td>
 <td>351029</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Combitips Plus Biopur</td>
 <td>Eppendorf</td>
 <td>2249608-5</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Mouse dissecting instruments (Scissors, forceps, scalpel)</td>
 <td>Biomedical Research Instruments</td>
 <td>10-2300, 10-2165, 25-1200, 26-1000</td>
 <td>Instruments sterilized prior to use</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>Equipment</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Tissue culture hood</td>
 <td>The Baker Company</td>
 <td>SG403</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>Refrigerated centrifuge</td>
 <td>Thermo Fischer Scientific</td>
 <td>75004521</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>37 &deg;C shaking water bath</td>
 <td>Thermo Fischer Scientific</td>
 <td>3166721</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 </tr>
 <tr>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>&nbsp;</td>
 <td>Table 2. List of Materials and Equipment used in this protocol.</td>
 </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

isolation, purification and labeling of mouse bone marrow neutrophils for functional studies and adoptive transfer experiments

Neutrophils are critical effector cells of the innate immune system. They are rapidly recruited at sites of acute inflammation and exert protective or pathogenic effects depending on the inflammatory milieu. Nonetheless, despite the indispensable role of neutrophils in immunity, detailed understanding of the molecular factors that mediate neutrophils' effector and immunopathogenic effects in different infectious diseases and inflammatory conditions is still lacking, partly because of their short half life, the difficulties with handling of these cells and the lack of reliable experimental protocols for obtaining sufficient numbers of neutrophils for downstream functional studies and adoptive transfer experiments. Therefore, simple, fast, economical and reliable methods are highly desirable for harvesting sufficient numbers of mouse neutrophils for assessing functions such as phagocytosis, killing, cytokine production, degranulation and trafficking. To that end, we present a reproducible density gradient centrifugation-based protocol, which can be adapted in any laboratory to isolate large numbers of neutrophils from the bone marrow of mice with high purity and viability. Moreover, we present a simple protocol that uses CellTracker dyes to label the isolated neutrophils, which can then be adoptively transferred into recipient mice and tracked in several tissues for at least 4 hr post-transfer using flow cytometry. Using this approach, differential labeling of neutrophils from wild-type and gene-deficient mice with different CellTracker dyes can be successfully employed to perform competitive repopulation studies for evaluating the direct role of specific genes in trafficking of neutrophils from the blood into target tissues in vivo.

This protocol is optimized for the harvest of bone marrow cells from mice and the subsequent separation of neutrophils from these cells by density gradient centrifugation using commercially available Histopaque cell separation media. Neutrophils isolated using this method can be used for a variety of downstream functional studies ex vivo and for adoptive transfer experiments in recipient mice.
The typical yield of collection of bone marrow cells from both femurs and tibia per uninfect...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation, Purification and Labeling of Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophils for Functional Studies and Adoptive Transfer Experiments at JoVE.com

Isolation, Purification and Labeling of Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophils for Functional Studies and Adoptive Transfer Experiments

We describe a protocol for isolation and purification of neutrophils from mouse bone marrow by density gradient centrifugation and for neutrophil labeling using CellTracker dyes. This represents a simple, fast, reproducible and economical method for obtaining large numbers of neutrophils for downstream functional studies or adoptive transfer and tracking experiments.

Neutrophils are critical effector cells of the innate immune system. They are rapidly recruited at sites of acute inflammation and exert protective or ...

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Experimental metastasis mouse model is a simple and yet physiologically relevant metastasis model. The tumor cells are injected intravenously (i.v) into ...

Generation and Labeling of Murine Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells with Qdot Nanocrystals for Tracking Studies

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) found in peripheral tissues and in immunological organs such as thymus, bone ...

Differentiating Functional Roles of Gene Expression from Immune and Non-immune Cells in Mouse Colitis by Bone Marrow Transplantation

To understand the role of a gene in the development of colitis, we compared the responses of wild-type mice and gene-of-interest deficient knockout mice ...

Isolation and Intravenous Injection of Murine Bone Marrow Derived Monocytes

As a subtype of leukocytes and progenitors of macrophages, monocytes are involved in many important processes of organisms and are often the subject of ...

Tracking Mouse Bone Marrow Monocytes In Vivo

Tracking Mouse Bone Marrow Monocytes In Vivo

Real time multiphoton imaging provides a great opportunity to study cell trafficking and cell-to-cell interactions in their physiological 3-dimensionnal ...

Murine Hind Limb Long Bone Dissection and Bone Marrow Isolation

Investigation of the bone and the bone marrow is critical in many research fields including basic bone biology, immunology, hematology, cancer metastasis, ...

Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Purification of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from the Mouse Bone Marrow

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a technique to purify specific cell populations based on phenotypes detected by flow cytometry. This method ...

Isolation and Characterization of Neutrophil-derived Microparticles for Functional Studies

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil-derived microparticles (PMN)-MPs) are lipid bilayer, spherical microvesicles with sizes ranging from 50&#8211;1,000 nm in ...