저자는 가치있는 도움 박사 Jumpei 모리모토 박사 토드 도란에게 감사의 말씀을 전합니다. 이 작품은 NHLBI (NO1-HV-00242)에서 계약에 의해 지원되었다.

<ol>
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저자는 더 경쟁 재정적 이익이 없다는 것을 선언합니다.

펩타이드 차 아미드 (학부모 교사 협의회)는 펩티 올리고머의 슈퍼 패밀리입니다. 잘 공부 펩타이드, peptoids 및 N-메틸화 펩티드 게다가,이 가족 내에서 화합물의 큰 부분은 할 majorly 때문에 일반적으로 N-알킬화 펩타이드 액세스 할 수있는 합성 방법의 부족으로 understudied 아르 남아있다. 여기에서 우리는 아미노산에서 파생 된 키랄 빌딩 블록과 학부모 교사 협의회를 합성하는 효율적인 방법을 설?...

펩티 천연 펩티드의 구조를 모방하는 화합물이다. 이들은 단백질 분해 1-3 대 세포 투과성과 안정성을 포함한 천연 펩티드와 관련된 몇 가지 문제를 극복하면서 생리 활성을 유지하도록 설계된다. 때문에 이들 화합물의 올리고머 성격, 큰 합성 라이브러리는 쉽게 단량체 또는 하위 단량체 합성 경로 4-7를 통해 액세스 할 수 있습니다. 펩티 도미 메틱의 가장 공부 클래스 중 하나는 peptoids입니다. Peptoids는 서브 단량체 전략 (8, 9)를 이용하여 용이하게 합성 할 수있는 N-알킬화 글리신의 올리고머이다. 많은 유용한 단백질의 리간드가 성공적으로 단백질 표적 1, 10 ~ 14에 대한 큰 합성 펩 토이 드 라이브러리를 스크리닝에서 확인되었습니다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 펩 토이 드 라이브러리에서 확인 된 &quot;히트&quot;거의 단백질 표적 1,10-14,22으로 매우 높은 친화력을 보관하지 않습니다. 한 엄마조 peptoids 천연 펩티드 간의 차이 peptoids의 대부분은 일반적으로 인해 키랄 중심과 구조적 제약 부족 이차 구조를 형성하는 능력이 부족하다는 것이다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해, 여러 전략은 크게 주쇄 질소 원자 15-22에 함유 측쇄의 변형 예에 초점을 지난 10 년에 걸쳐 개발되었다. 최근에는 펩티드 급 아미드 (23)를 생성하는 펩 토이 드 골격 상 천연 아미노산 측쇄를 도입하는 신규 합성 루트를 개발했다. 펩타이드 차 아미드 (학부모 교사 협의회)를 포함하지만 펩티드 (R 2 = H), peptoids (R 1 = H) 및 N-메틸화 펩티드에 국한되지 않습니다 펩티 도미 메틱의 최고 가족입니다 (R 1 ≠ H는, R 2 나를 =) . 우리의 합성 경로는 자연에 키랄성 (chirality)와 사이드 체인의 소스로 아미노산을 발생 채택하여 (그림 1 참조)45, 탄소, 및 N-치환을 제공하는 상용 급 아민. 따라서, 간단한 펩티드 peptoids 또는 N-메틸화 펩티드보다 큰 화학 공간 탐구 할 수있다. 원 편광 이색 스펙트럼은 PTA 분자가 높은 솔루션으로 구성되어 나타났습니다. PTA-단백질 복합체의 하나의 특성은 명확하게 PTA의 구조적 제약 조건이 바인딩에 필요한 것을 보여줍니다. 최근에, 우리는 또한 PTA 분자 중 일부는 자신의 펩 토이 드 펩타이드에 비해 개선 된 세포 투과성을 가지고 것을 발견했습니다. 우리는이 PTA 라이브러리 단백질 표적에 대한 높은 친 화성 리간드의 좋은 원천이 될 수 있다고 생각합니다. 이 논문에서, 우리는 샘플 이들 화합물의 결합 및 분해에 대한 몇 가지 개선 조건과 함께 세부 사항에 하나의 구슬 한 화합물 (OBOC) PTA 라이브러리의 합성을 설명합니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="889">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">2,4,6 trimethylpyridine</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">ACROS</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">161950010</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">CAS:108-75-8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">2-morpholinoethanamine</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">06680&#160;</td>
			<td>CAS:2038-03-1&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">48% HBr Water solution</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">ALFA AESAR</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">AA14036AT</td>
			<td>CAS:10035-10-6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Acetaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">402788</td>
			<td>CAS:75-07-0&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Acetonitrile</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">SR015AA-19PS</td>
			<td>CAS:75-05-8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Anhydrous Tetrahydrofuran (THF)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">EMD</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">EM-TX0277-6&#160;</td>
			<td>CAS:109-99-9</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Benzylamine</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">185701</td>
			<td>CAS:100-46-9</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate (BTC)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">ACROS</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">258950050</td>
			<td>CAS:32315-10-9</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Bromoacetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">ACROS</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">106570010</td>
			<td>CAS:79-08-3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Chloranil</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">23290</td>
			<td>CAS:118-75-2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Cyclohexanemethylamine</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">101842</td>
			<td>CAS:3218-02-8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">D2O</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Cambridge Isotope</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">DLM-4-99.8-1000</td>
			<td>CAS:7789-20-0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:249px;">D-alanine</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Anaspec</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">61387-100</td>
			<td>CAS:338-69-2&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Dichloromethane (DCM)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">BJ-NS300-20</td>
			<td>CAS:75-09-2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Dimethylformamide (DMF)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">BJ-076-4</td>
			<td>CAS:68-12-2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Ethylene glycol</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Oakwood</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">44710</td>
			<td>CAS:107-21-1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Isopentylamine</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">W321907</td>
			<td>CAS:107-85-7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:249px;">KBr</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">ACROS</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">424070025</td>
			<td>CAS:7758-02-3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:249px;">L-alanine</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Anaspec</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">61385-100</td>
			<td>CAS:56-41-7&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:249px;">3-Methoxypropylamine</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">M25007</td>
			<td>CAS:5332-73-0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:249px;">2-Methoxyethylamine</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">143693</td>
			<td>CAS:109-85-3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:249px;">N-(3-Aminopropyl)-2-pyrrolidinone</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">136565&#160;</td>
			<td>CAS:7663-77-6&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:249px;">N,N&#39;-Diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">ACROS</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">115211000</td>
			<td>CAS:693-13-0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:249px;">N,N-Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA)</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">D125806</td>
			<td>CAS:7087-68-5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;">NaNO2</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">ACROS</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">424340010</td>
			<td>CAS:7631-99-4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:21px;width:249px;">NAOD 40% solution in water</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">ACROS</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">200058-506</td>
			<td>CAS:7732-18-5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Piperidine</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">ALFA AESAR</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">A12442-AE</td>
			<td>CAS:110-89-4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Piperonylamine</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">P49503&#160;</td>
			<td>CAS:2620-50-0</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Propylamine</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">240958</td>
			<td>CAS:107-10-8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Trifluoroacetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">299537</td>
			<td>CAS:76-05-1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">&#945;-Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">39468</td>
			<td>CAS:28166-41-8&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">&#945;-ketoglutarate</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">ALFA AESAR</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">AAA10256-22</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">CAS:328-50-7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Tentagel Resin with RINK linker</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Rapp-Polymere</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">S30023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Alanine transaminase</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Roche</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">10105589001</td>
			<td>AKA: Glutamate-Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:249px;">Incubator</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">New Brunswick Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Innova44</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">NMR</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Bruker</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">400MHz</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">MALDI mass spectrometer</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Applied Biosystems&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">4800 MALDI-TOF/TOF</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Lyophilizer</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">SP Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">VirTis benchtop K</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Syringe reactor</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">INTAVIS&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">Reaction Column</td>
			<td>3ml, 5ml, 10ml, 20ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:249px;">Vacuum manifold&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:169px;">Promega</td>
			<td style="width:160px;">A7231</td>
			<td>Vac-Man</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

split-and-pool synthesis and characterization of peptide tertiary amide library

펩티 단백질 리간드의 좋은 소스입니다. 이들 화합물의 올리고머 자연 조합 화학을 사용하여 고체 상태에 큰 합성 라이브러리에 액세스하는 가능하게한다. 펩티 도미 메틱의 가장 잘 공부 클래스 중 하나는 peptoids입니다. Peptoids는 합성하기 쉽고 단백질 분해를 방지하고 세포 투과성 것으로 표시되었습니다. 지난 10 년간 많은 유용한 단백질의 리간드는 펩 토이 드 라이브러리의 검사를 통해 확인되었습니다. 그러나, 펩 토이 드 라이브러리에서 확인 된 리간드의 대부분은 드문 예외를 제외하고, 높은 선호도를 표시하지 않습니다. 이것은 펩 토이 드 분자 내에 키랄 중심과 구조적 제약의 부족 때문에, 부분적으로 기인 할 수있다. 최근에, 우리는 펩타이드 차 아미드 (학부모 교사 협의회)에 액세스 할 수있는 새로운 합성 경로를 설명했다. 학부모 교사 협의회는 포함하지만, 펩티드, peptoids 및 N-메틸화 펩티드에 국한되지 않습니다 펩티 도미 메틱의 슈퍼 패밀리입니다. α-탄소 및 주쇄에 질소 원자를 모두에 측쇄와,이러한 분자의 형태는 크게 sterical 방해하고 알릴 1,3 변형에 의해 제한됩니다. (도 1) 우리의 연구는 이러한 PTA 분자 높게 용액으로 구성되는 단백질 리간드를 식별하기 위해 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다. 우리는이 분자가 높은 친 화성 단백질의 리간드의 미래 원천이 될 수 있다고 생각합니다. 여기에서 우리는 샘플 학부모 교사 협의회의 1 구슬 한 화합물 (OBOC) 라이브러리를 합성하는 분할과 풀과 하위 단량체 전략 모두의 힘을 결합하는 합성 방법을 설명합니다.

여기에서 우리는 링커와 PTA 트리머에서 세 대표 MALDI 스펙트럼을 보여줍니다. 도 6a에 도시 된 바와 같이 50 % TFA / DCM 용액을 사용하여 실온하에 절단 될 때, 상당한 저하가 관찰된다. 그림 6a에, 593 피크와 484은 전체 분자가 성공적으로 구슬에 합성하지만 분열하는 동안 저하 된 것을 보여 각각 링커와 PTA 트리머에 해당합니다. 전술 한 바와 같이, 저온 조건에서 절단?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Split-and-pool Synthesis and Characterization of Peptide Tertiary Amide Library at JoVE.com

Split-and-pool Synthesis and Characterization of Peptide Tertiary Amide Library

펩타이드 차 아미드 (학부모 교사 협의회)를 포함하지만, 펩티드, peptoids 및 N-메틸화 펩티드에 국한되지 않습니다 펩티 도미 메틱의 슈퍼 패밀리입니다. 여기에서 우리는 학부모 교사 협의회의 한 구슬 한 화합물 라이브러리를 합성하는 분할과 풀과 하위 단량체 전략을 결합 합성 방법을 설명합니다.

분할 및 풀 합성 펩타이드 급 아미드 도서관의 특성

Peptidomimetics are great sources of protein ligands. The oligomeric nature of these compounds enables us to access large synthetic libraries on solid ...

split-pool-synthesis-characterization-peptide-tertiary-amide

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18.0K 조회수.  The Scripps Research Institute.  펩타이드 차 아미드 (학부모 교사 협의회)를 포함하지만, 펩티드, peptoids 및 N-메틸화 펩티드에 국한되지 않습니다 펩티 도미 메틱의 슈퍼 패밀리입니다. 여기에서 우리는 학부모 교사 협의회의 한 구슬 한 화합물 라이브러리를 합성하는 분할과 풀과 하위 단량체 전략을 결합 합성 방법을 설명합니다. 

비디오: Split-and-pool Synthesis and Characterization of Peptide Tertiary Amide Library

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

The traditional strategy for the introduction of chemical functionalities is the use of solid-phase synthesis by appending suitably modified phosphoramidite precursors to the nascent chain. However, the conditions used during the synthesis and the restriction to rather short sequences hamper the applicability of this methodology. On the other hand, modified nucleoside triphosphates are activated building blocks that have been employed for the mild introduction of numerous functional groups into nucleic acids, a strategy that paves the way for the use of modified nucleic acids in a wide-ranging palette of practical applications such as functional tagging and generation of ribozymes and DNAzymes. One of the major challenges resides in the intricacy of the methodology leading to the isolation and characterization of these nucleoside analogues.
	
	In this video article, we present a detailed protocol for the synthesis of these modified analogues using phosphorous(III)-based reagents. In addition, the procedure for their biochemical characterization is divulged, with a special emphasis on primer extension reactions and TdT tailing polymerization. This detailed protocol will be of use for the crafting of modified dNTPs and their further use in chemical biology.

The protocol described herein aims to explain and abridge the numerous obstacles in the way of the intricate route leading to modified nucleoside triphosphates. Consequently, this protocol facilitates both the synthesis of these activated building-blocks and their availability for practical applications.

뉴 클레오 사이드 트리 포스페이트 - 합성에서 생화학 적 특성에

The  traditional strategy for the introduction of chemical functionalities is the  use of solid-phase synthesis by appending suitably modified ...

연구

화학

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Amide coupling reactions can be used to synthesize bispyridine-based ligands for use as bridging linkers in multinuclear platinum anticancer drugs. Isonicotinic acid, or its derivatives, are coupled to variable length diaminoalkane chains under an inert atmosphere in anhydrous DMF or DMSO with the use of a weak base, triethylamine, and a coupling agent, 1-propylphosphonic anhydride. The products precipitate from solution upon formation or can be precipitated by the addition of water. If desired, the ligands can be further purified by recrystallization from hot water. Dinuclear platinum complex synthesis using the bispyridine ligands is done in hot water using transplatin. The most informative of the chemical characterization techniques to determine the structure and gross purity of both the bispyridine ligands and the final platinum complexes is 1H NMR with particular analysis of the aromatic region of the spectra (7-9 ppm). The platinum complexes have potential application as anticancer agents and the synthesis method can be modified to produce trinuclear and other multinuclear complexes with different hydrogen bonding functionality in the bridging ligand.

This protocol describes the use of amide coupling reactions of isonicotinic acid and diaminoalkanes to form bridging ligands suitable for use in the synthesis of multinuclear platinum complexes, which combine aspects of the anticancer drugs BBR3464 and picoplatin.

이핵 항암제로 플래티넘 비스 피리딘 계 리간드와 이들 착물의 합성 아미드 커플 링 반응

Amide coupling reactions can be used to synthesize bispyridine-based ligands for use as bridging linkers in multinuclear platinum anticancer drugs. ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Metal-organic frameworks have attracted extraordinary amounts of research attention, as they are attractive candidates for numerous industrial and technological applications. Their signature property is their ultrahigh porosity, which however imparts a series of challenges when it comes to both constructing them and working with them. Securing desired MOF chemical and physical functionality by linker/node assembly into a highly porous framework of choice can pose difficulties, as less porous and more thermodynamically stable congeners (e.g., other crystalline polymorphs, catenated analogues) are often preferentially obtained by conventional synthesis methods. Once the desired product is obtained, its characterization often requires specialized techniques that address complications potentially arising from, for example, guest-molecule loss or preferential orientation of microcrystallites. Finally, accessing the large voids inside the MOFs for use in applications that involve gases can be problematic, as frameworks may be subject to collapse during removal of solvent molecules (remnants of solvothermal synthesis). In this paper, we describe synthesis and characterization methods routinely utilized in our lab either to solve or circumvent these issues. The methods include solvent-assisted linker exchange, powder X-ray diffraction in capillaries, and materials activation (cavity evacuation) by supercritical CO2 drying. Finally, we provide a protocol for determining a suitable pressure region for applying the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis to nitrogen isotherms, so as to estimate surface area of MOFs with good accuracy.

Synthesis, activation, and characterization of intentionally designed metal-organic framework materials is challenging, especially when building blocks are incompatible or unwanted polymorphs are thermodynamically favored over desired forms. We describe how applications of solvent-assisted linker exchange, powder X-ray diffraction in capillaries and activation via supercritical CO2 drying, can address some of these challenges.

기능화의 합성 및 특성 금속 - 유기 프레임 워크

Metal-organic frameworks have attracted extraordinary amounts of research attention, as they are attractive candidates for numerous industrial and ...

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Herein we report the synthesis of a tridentate phosphine ligand N(CH2PPh2)3 (N-triphosPh) (1) via a phosphorus based Mannich reaction of the hydroxylmethylene phosphine precursor with ammonia in methanol under a nitrogen atmosphere. The N-triphosPh ligand precipitates from the solution after approximately 1 hr of reflux and can be isolated analytically pure via simple cannula filtration procedure under nitrogen. Reaction of the N-triphosPh ligand with [Ru3(CO)12] under reflux affords a deep red solution that show evolution of CO gas on ligand complexation. Orange crystals of the complex [Ru(CO)2{N(CH2PPh2)3}-&#954;3P] (2) were isolated on cooling to RT. The 31P{1H} NMR spectrum showed a characteristic single peak at lower frequency compared to the free ligand. Reaction of a toluene solution of complex 2 with oxygen resulted in the instantaneous precipitation of the carbonate complex [Ru(CO3)(CO){N(CH2PPh2)3}-&#954;3P] (3) as an air stable orange solid. Subsequent hydrogenation of 3 under 15 bar of hydrogen in a high-pressure reactor gave the dihydride complex [RuH2(CO){N(CH2PPh2)3}-&#954;3P] (4), which was fully characterized by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy. Complexes 3 and 4 are potentially useful catalyst precursors for a range of hydrogenation reactions, including biomass-derived products such as levulinic acid (LA). Complex 4 was found to cleanly react with LA in the presence of the proton source additive NH4PF6 to give [Ru(CO){N(CH2PPh2)3}-&#954;3P{CH3CO(CH2)2CO2H}-&#954;2O](PF6) (6).

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Ruthenium phosphine complexes are widely used for homogeneous catalytic reactions such as hydrogenations. The synthesis of a series of novel tridentate ruthenium complexes bearing the N-triphos ligand N(CH2PPh2)3 is reported. Additionally, the stoichiometric reaction of a dihydride Ru&#8211;N-triphos complex with levulinic acid is described.

루테늄의 시리즈의 합성, 특성 및 반응성<em&gt; N</em&gt; -triphos<sup&gt; 박사</sup&gt; 단지

Herein we report the synthesis of a tridentate phosphine ligand N(CH2PPh2)3 (N-triphosPh) (1) via a phosphorus based Mannich reaction of the ...

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large extinction coefficients which can be tuned across the visible spectrum. Research into the plasmonic enhancement of optical transitions has become popular, due to the possibility of altering and in some cases improving photo-absorption or emission properties of nearby chromophores such as molecular dyes or quantum dots. The electric field of the plasmon can couple with the excitation dipole of a chromophore, perturbing the electronic states involved in the transition and leading to increased absorption and emission rates. These enhancements can also be negated at close distances by energy transfer mechanism, making the spatial arrangement of the two species critical. Ultimately, enhancement of light harvesting efficiency in plasmonic solar cells could lead to thinner and, therefore, lower cost devices. The development of hybrid core/shell particles could offer a solution to this issue. The addition of a dielectric spacer between a gold nanoparticles and a chromophore is the proposed method to control the exciton plasmon coupling strength and thereby balance losses with the plasmonic gains. A detailed procedure for the coating of gold nanoparticles with CdS and ZnS semiconductor shells is presented. The nanoparticles show high uniformity with size control in both the core gold particles and shell species allowing for a more accurate investigation into the plasmonic enhancement of external chromophores.

The synthesis of uniform gold nanoparticles coated with semiconductor shells of CdS or ZnS is performed. The semiconductor coating is conducted by first depositing a silver sulfide shell and exchanging the silver cations for zinc or cadmium cations.

합성, 특성 및 하이브리드 금 / CD 및 금 /은 ZnS 코어 / 쉘 나노 입자의 작용 화

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large ...

Development of a Backbone Cyclic Peptide Library as Potential Antiparasitic Therapeutics Using Microwave Irradiation

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are intimately involved in almost all biological processes and are linked to many human diseases. Therefore, there is a major effort to target PPIs in basic research and in the pharmaceutical industry. Protein-protein interfaces are usually large, flat, and often lack pockets, complicating the discovery of small molecules that target such sites. Alternative targeting approaches using antibodies have limitations due to poor oral bioavailability, low cell-permeability, and production inefficiency.
Using peptides to target PPI interfaces has several advantages. Peptides have higher conformational flexibility, increased selectivity, and are generally inexpensive. However, peptides have their own limitations including poor stability and inefficiency crossing cell membranes. To overcome such limitations, peptide cyclization can be performed. Cyclization has been demonstrated to improve peptide selectivity, metabolic stability, and bioavailability. However, predicting the bioactive conformation of a cyclic peptide is not trivial. To overcome this challenge, one attractive approach it to screen a focused library to screen in which all backbone cyclic peptides have the same primary sequence, but differ in parameters that influence their conformation, such as ring size and position.
We describe a detailed protocol for synthesizing a library of backbone cyclic peptides targeting specific parasite PPIs. Using a rational design approach, we developed peptides derived from the scaffold protein Leishmania receptor for activated C-kinase (LACK). We hypothesized that sequences in LACK that are conserved in parasites, but not in the mammalian host homolog, may represent interaction sites for proteins that are critical for the parasites&#39; viability. The cyclic peptides were synthesized using microwave irradiation to reduce reaction times and increase efficiency. Developing a library of backbone cyclic peptides with different ring sizes facilitates a systematic screen for the most biological active conformation. This method provides a general, fast, and facile way to synthesize cyclic peptides.

A simple and general method for the synthesis of cyclic peptides using microwave irradiation is outlined. This procedure enables the synthesis of backbone cyclic peptides with a collection of different conformations while retaining the side chains and the pharmacophoric moieties., and therefore, allows to screen for the bioactive conformation.

마이크로 웨이브 조사를 사용하여 잠재적 인 기생충 치료제로 백본 순환 펩타이드 라이브러리 개발

Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are intimately involved in almost all biological processes and are linked to many human diseases. Therefore, there is ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Supramolecular Colloids

Control over colloidal assembly is of utmost importance for the development of functional colloidal materials with tailored structural and mechanical properties for applications in photonics, drug delivery and coating technology. Here we present a new family of colloidal building blocks, coined supramolecular colloids, whose self-assembly is controlled through surface-functionalization with a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) derived supramolecular moiety. Such BTAs interact via directional, strong, yet reversible hydrogen-bonds with other identical BTAs. Herein, a protocol is presented that describes how to couple these BTAs to colloids and how to quantify the number of coupling sites, which determines the multivalency of the supramolecular colloids. Light scattering measurements show that the refractive index of the colloids is almost matched with that of the solvent, which strongly reduces the van der Waals forces between the colloids. Before photo-activation, the colloids remain well dispersed, as the BTAs are equipped with a photo-labile group that blocks the formation of hydrogen-bonds. Controlled deprotection with UV-light activates the short-range hydrogen-bonds between the BTAs, which triggers the colloidal self-assembly. The evolution from the dispersed state to the clustered state is monitored by confocal microscopy. These results are further quantified by image analysis with simple routines using ImageJ and Matlab. This merger of supramolecular chemistry and colloidal science offers a direct route towards light- and thermo-responsive colloidal assembly encoded in the surface-grafted monolayer.

A protocol for the synthesis and characterization of colloids coated with supramolecular moieties is described. These supramolecular colloids undergo self-assembly upon the activation of the hydrogen-bonds between the surface-anchored molecules by UV-light.

Control over colloidal assembly is of utmost importance for the development of functional colloidal materials with tailored structural and mechanical ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Fe-doped Aluminosilicate Nanotubes with Enhanced Electron Conductive Properties

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe aims at lowering the band gap of imogolite, an insulator with the chemical formula (OH)3Al2O3SiOH, and at modifying its adsorption properties towards azo-dyes, an important class of organic pollutants of both wastewater and groundwater.
Fe-doped nanotubes are obtained in two ways: by direct synthesis, where FeCl3 is added to an aqueous mixture of the Si and Al precursors, and by post-synthesis loading, where preformed nanotubes are put in contact with a FeCl3&#8226;6H2O aqueous solution. In both synthesis methods, isomorphic substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ occurs, preserving the nanotube structure. Isomorphic substitution is indeed limited to a mass fraction of ~1.0% Fe, since at a higher Fe content (i.e., a mass fraction of 1.4% Fe), Fe2O3 clusters form, especially when the loading procedure is adopted. The physicochemical properties of the materials are studied by means of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), N2 sorption isotherms at -196 &#176;C, high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), diffuse reflectance (DR) UV-Vis spectroscopy, and &#950;-potential measurements. The most relevant result is the possibility to replace Al3+ ions (located on the outer surface of the nanotubes) by post-synthesis loading on preformed imogolite without perturbing the delicate hydrolysis equilibria occurring during nanotube formation. During the loading procedure, an anionic exchange occurs, where Al3+ ions on the outer surface of the nanotubes are replaced by Fe3+ ions. In Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes, isomorphic substitution of Al3+ by Fe3+ is found to affect the band gap of doped imogolite. Nonetheless, Fe3+ sites on the outer surface of nanotubes are able to coordinate organic moieties, like the azo-dye Acid Orange 7, through a ligand-displacement mechanism occurring in an aqueous solution.

Here, we present a protocol to synthesize and characterize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes. The materials are obtained by either sol-gel synthesis upon addition of FeCl3&#8226;6H2O to the mixture containing the Si and Al precursors or by post-synthesis ionic exchange of preformed aluminosilicate nanotubes.

향상된 전자 전도성 특성을 가진 철 - 도핑 된 알루미 노 실리케이트 나노 튜브의 합성 및 특성

The goal of the protocol is to synthesize Fe-doped aluminosilicate nanotubes of the imogolite type with the formula (OH)3Al2-xFexO3SiOH. Doping with Fe ...

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles (PPAs) and Related Biomaterials

Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles (PPAs) are a new class of self-assembling amphiphilic biomaterials-related to the peptide amphiphiles (PAs). Traditional PAs possess charged amino acids as solubilizing groups (lysine, arginine), which are directly connected to a lipid segment or can contain a linker region made of neutral amino acids. Tuning the peptide sequence of PAs can yield diverse morphologies. Similarly, PPAs possess a hydrophobic segment and neutral amino acids, but also contain polyamine molecules as water solubilizing (hydrophilic) groups. As is the case with PAs, PPAs can also self-assemble into diverse morphologies, including small rods, twisted nano-ribbons, and fused nano-sheets, when dissolved in water. However, the presence of both primary and secondary amines on a single polyamine molecule poses a significant challenge when synthesizing PPAs. In this paper, we show a simple protocol, based on literature precedents, to achieve a facile synthesis of PPAs using solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). This protocol can be extended to the synthesis of PAs and other similar systems. We also illustrate the steps that are needed for cleavage from the resin, identification, and purification.

Facile Protocol for the Synthesis of Self-assembling Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles PPAs and Related Biomaterials

The synthesis of polyamine-based peptide amphiphiles (PPAs) is a significant challenge due to the presence of multiple amine nitrogens, which requires judicious use of protecting groups to mask these reactive functionalities. In this paper, we describe a facile method for the preparation of these new class of self-assembling molecules.

Polyamine 기반 펩타이드 Amphiphiles (PPAs) 및 관련된 생체 자기 조립의 합성에 대 한 손쉬운 프로토콜

Polyamine-based Peptide Amphiphiles (PPAs) are a new class of self-assembling amphiphilic biomaterials-related to the peptide amphiphiles (PAs). ...

Synthesis and Characterization of 1,2-Dithiolane Modified Self-Assembling Peptides

This report focuses on the synthesis of an N-terminus 1,2-dithiolane modified self-assembling peptide and the characterization of the resulting self-assembled supramolecular structures. The synthetic route takes advantage of solid-phase peptide synthesis with the on-resin coupling of the dithiolane precursor molecule, 3-(acetylthio)-2-(acetylthiomethyl)propanoic acid, and the microwave-assisted thioacetate deprotection of the peptide N-terminus before final cleavage from the resin to yield the 1,2-dithiolane modified peptide. After the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification of the 1,2-dithiolane peptide, derived from the nucleating core of the A&#946; peptide associated with Alzheimer&#39;s disease, the peptide is shown to self-assemble into cross-&#946; amyloid fibers. Protocols to characterize the amyloid fibers by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), circular dichroism spectroscopy (CD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are presented. The methods of N-terminal modification with a 1,2-dithiolane moiety to well-characterized self-assembling peptides can now be explored as model systems to develop post-assembly modification strategies and explore dynamic covalent chemistry on supramolecular peptide nanofiber surfaces.

A protocol for the synthesis of a 1,2-dithiolane modified peptide and the characterization of the supramolecular structures resulting from the peptide self-assembly.