This work was supported by the BOF grant for SG from Ghent University. AL is supported by the Rutgers University NSF Fuels-IGERT. SA is supported by the European Union Framework Programme 7 project &#8220;ProEthanol 2G.&#8221; SA and KR are supported by Ghent University Multidisciplinary Research Partnership (MRP)&#8212;Biotechnology for a sustainable economy (01 MRA 510W). JD is supported by an IOF Advanced grant (F2012/IOF-Advanced/094). KR is supported by by the ERC Starter Grant &#8220;Electrotalk&#8221;. The authors thank Tim Lacoere for designing the TOC art figure, Robin Declerck for building the strip and absorption columns and Kun Guo for providing the inoculum source.

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

이 원고는 bioelectrochemical 암모늄 복구를위한 전기 화학 셀을 설정하는 데 필요한 도구를 제공합니다. 결과 섹션에 제시된 계산은 시스템 성능의 평가를 위해 파라미터를 제공한다. 생물학적 및 전기 시스템 설치 및 기능에서 유사하다. 두 시스템 사이의 주요 차이점은 bioelectrochemical 셋업 고정 양극 전위 대 전기 화학 셀의 현재의 고정 된 선택이다. 비 생물 적 설정을위한 고정 전류는 전극 반응을...

폐수 이익의 중요성에서 가치있는 제품의 복구 귀중한 자원이 회복없이 부족과 치료가로는 비용을 나타냅니다. 폐수는 생산 루프 1을 닫으하는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다 에너지 및 복구 할 수 있습니다 영양소, 영양 복구를 모두 포함되어 있습니다. 영양소의 회복이 덜 일반적인 상태에서 혐기성 소화를 통해 에너지의 복구, 잘 설립 과정이다. 뇨 및 배설물과 같은 액상 폐기물 스트림으로부터 영양소의 복구 널리 트루 바이트 및 암모니아 스트리핑 2,3- 직접 제조함으로써, 예를 들면, 연구되어왔다. 그러나, 화학적 첨가의 필요성은 이러한 프로세스 (4)의 단점이다. 여기서 우리는 칼륨 및 암모늄 모두 포함한 폐수로부터 양이온 영양소 복구하는 기술을 제시한다. 이러한 영양소의 양이온 형태는 전기 시스템에서 이온 선택성 막을 사용하여 복구 할 수 있습니다. 이 경우, electrochemic알 시스템 (산화가 일어나는) 양극 실의 구성 (환원이 일어나는)과 음극 실 구획을 분리하는 이온 선택성 막. 전압은 애노드로부터 캐소드로의 전류 흐름을 생성하기 위해 셀에인가된다. 이 전압을 물 산화 및 환원 반응을 구동하기 위해 외부 전원에 의해 생성 될 수있다. 선택적 양극 산화, 예를 들면, 유기물, 더 적은 전력을 필요로하는 전기 활성 박테리아에 의해 촉진 될 수있다. 충전 균형을 회로를 폐쇄하고 유지하기 위해, 충전 된 종은 생성 된 각 전자의 전극 사이에 마이그레이션해야합니다. 양이온 교환막 (CEM)에 걸쳐 음극 실에 양극 실에서 암모늄 따라서 트랜스 4,5 전자의 플럭스를 보상 할 수있다. 여기에 제시된 기술뿐만 아니라 폐기물에서 암모늄을 제거하지만 또한 복구 할 수 있습니다. 총 암모니아 성 질소 (TAN)은 모두 암몬의 평형에 존재IUM (NH + 4) 및 암모니아 (NH 3), 및 6의 pH 및 온도에 의존한다. NH 4 + 인해 따라서 음극 실에 걸쳐 CEM 전류에 의해 구동 될 수있는 높은 TAN 농도 및 양극 실의 pH가 중성이 양전하 종 근처 풍부하게된다. 전류는 수산화 이온 및 수소 가스의 생산에 이르는, 음극에서 물의 감소를 구동한다. TAN 평형으로 인해 음극 실 (&gt; 10.0)의 높은 pH로 거의 100 % NH 3으로 이동한다. NH 3는 쉽게 산성 용액에서 포획하고 농축 포집 탑에 스트리핑 부에서 공기 순환을 통해 전송 될 수있는 가스이다. 이 기술은 분뇨와 같은 N - 농후 스트림의 혐기성 소화 동안 암모늄 독성을 감소시키는 잠재력을 보유하고, 따라서, 이들 폐기물 스트림에서의 에너지 회수를 증가하면서 동시에복구 영양소 4. 암모늄의 전기 및 추출 bioelectrochemical 또한 뇨함으로써 WWTP 7에 영양소 제거 비용을 회피 같이 높은 TAN 함량 폐기물에 영양소 회수 기술로서 적용 할 수있다. 우리가 사용하는 모듈 형 반응기로 여기에 제시된 프로토콜은, 다양한 전기 화학적 및 bioelectrochemical 실험 기반이 될 수있다. 아래에 설명 된 것처럼 프로토콜 전극 유형 막 두께와 프레임은 서로 다른 결합 될 수있다. 프로토콜의 주요 목적은 전기 분해 셀을 이용하여 전기 화학적 암모늄 복구 및 전기 화학적 바이오 암모늄 회복의 비교를위한 수단을 제공하는 것이다. 시스템은 추출 효율, 전원 입력과 재현성 측면에서 평가됩니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="876">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Comments/Description</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Carbon Felt 3.18 mm Thick&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">ALFA43199</td>
			<td>Used as bioanode, 110 mm x 110 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Ti electrode coated with Ir MMO&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Magneto Special Anodes (The Netherlands)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;"></td>
			<td>Used as stable anode for electrochemical tests</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="73">
			<td height="73" style="height:74px;width:216px;">Stainless steel mesh</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Solana (Belgium)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">RVS 554/64: material AISI 316L, mesh width: 564 micron, wire thickness: 140 micron, mesh number: 36,6</td>
			<td>Used as cathode, 110 mm x 110 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:216px;">Stainless steel plate</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Solana (Belgium)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">inox 304 sheet, thickness: 0,5mm</td>
			<td>Used as current collector for the bioanode</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ag/AgCl Reference Electrode</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Bio-Logic (France)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">A-012167 RE-1B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Potentiostat (VSP Multipotentiostat)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Bio-Logic (France)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">EC Lab</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Bio-Logic (France)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;"></td>
			<td>software for performing electrochemistry measurements</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="44">
			<td height="44" style="height:44px;width:216px;">Cation Exchange Membrane</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Membranes International (USA)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">Ultrex CMI-7000</td>
			<td>Pretreated according to the manufacturers&#39; instructions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Turbulence Promotor mesh</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">ElectroCell Europe A/S (Tarm, Denmark)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">EPC20432-PP-2</td>
			<td>spacer material, 110 mm x 110 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Connectors</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Serto</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">1,281,161,120</td>
			<td>Other sizes possible, dependant on tubing type and size of holes in frames</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Strip and absorption column</td>
			<td style="width:192px;"></td>
			<td style="width:301px;"></td>
			<td>In house design</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Tubing</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Masterflex</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">HV-06404-16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Gas bag</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Keika Ventures</td>
			<td style="width:301px;"></td>
			<td>Kynar gas bag with Roberts valve</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Rashig Rings</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Glasatelier Saillart (Belgium)</td>
			<td style="width:301px;">Raschig rings 4 x 4 mm</td>
			<td>Put inside the strip and absorption column to improve the air/liquid contact. Available with many suppliers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Rubber sheet</td>
			<td style="width:192px;"></td>
			<td style="width:301px;"></td>
			<td>Cut to fit on the perspex frames</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Perspex reactor frames</td>
			<td style="width:192px;">Vlaeminck, Beernem</td>
			<td style="width:301px;"></td>
			<td>In-house design, see tab &#34;reactor frames&#34; in this file</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

electrochemically and bioelectrochemically induced ammonium recovery

Streams such as urine and manure can contain high levels of ammonium, which could be recovered for reuse in agriculture or chemistry. The extraction of ammonium from an ammonium-rich stream is demonstrated using an electrochemical and a bioelectrochemical system. Both systems are controlled by a potentiostat to either fix the current (for the electrochemical cell) or fix the potential of the working electrode (for the bioelectrochemical cell). In the bioelectrochemical cell, electroactive bacteria catalyze the anodic reaction, whereas in the electrochemical cell the potentiostat applies a higher voltage to produce a current. The current and consequent restoration of the charge balance across the cell allow the transport of cations, such as ammonium, across a cation exchange membrane from the anolyte to the catholyte. The high pH of the catholyte leads to formation of ammonia, which can be stripped from the medium and captured in an acid solution, thus enabling the recovery of a valuable nutrient. The flux of ammonium across the membrane is characterized at different anolyte ammonium concentrations and currents for both the abiotic and biotic reactor systems. Both systems are compared based on current and removal efficiencies for ammonium, as well as the energy input required to drive ammonium transfer across the cation exchange membrane. Finally, a comparative analysis considering key aspects such as reliability, electrode cost, and rate is made.
This video article and protocol provide the necessary information to conduct electrochemical and bioelectrochemical ammonia recovery experiments. The reactor setup for the two cases is explained, as well as the reactor operation. We elaborate on data analysis for both reactor types and on the advantages and disadvantages of bioelectrochemical and electrochemical systems.

Chronoamperometry는 생물 반응기의 결과 chronoamperometry 결과, 수학 식 1에 따라 계산 (그림 4) 연속 반응에 대한 전형적인 그래프를 보여줍니다. 실험 시작시의 양극과 음극은 재순환 모드로 작동시켰다. 이것은 개발 생물막과 현재의 생산의 개시를 허용한다. 수술 5 일 후에, 전류 밀도는 현재의 생산의 감소에 이어 최대에 도달. 이 바이오 필름은 현재 생?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery at JoVE.com

Electrochemically and Bioelectrochemically Induced Ammonium Recovery

We demonstrate the extraction of ammonium from an ammonium-rich stream using an electrochemical and a bioelectrochemical system. The reactor setup, operation and data analysis are discussed.

전기 및 Bioelectrochemically 유도 암모늄 복구

Streams such as urine and manure can contain high levels of ammonium, which could be recovered for reuse in agriculture or chemistry. The extraction of ...

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12.6K 조회수.  Ghent University. We demonstrate the extraction of ammonium from an ammonium-rich stream using an electrochemical and a bioelectrochemical system. The reactor setup, operation and data analysis are discussed. 