The authors acknowledge the Carefusion Foundation for support via a clinical excellence grant of this work titled &#8220;Prospective evaluation of procedural povidone iodine rectal preparation to reduce infectious complications following ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy.&#8221;

이 환자와 관련된 연구는 인간의 연구를위한 기관 심사위원회 (IRB) 승인을 받았다. 1. 환자 준비 및 위치 <ol><li> 프로 시저 제품군에 환자를 데려와 무릎이 가슴에 근육이 수축 자신의 오른쪽 또는 왼쪽에 배치합니다. </li><li> 환자, 수술 및 표시 검토 및 확정함으로써 수술 시간 종료를 수행합니다. </li><li> 표시 할 때, 마취 서비스를 통해 정맥 진정 작용을 관리 할 수​​ 있습니다. </li></ol> 2. 직장 수지 검사 (DRE)을 수행 <ol><li> 장소의 크기를 두 손 위에 적절한 장갑. </li><li> 직장 볼트로 윤활 후 장갑을 낀 손가락을 삽입하고 경직장 초음파 동안 집중 관심을 필요로하는 잠재적 의심스러운 영역에 대한 느낌 전립선을 검사합니다. (10) </li></ol> 포비돈 요오드 직장 준비 3. 창조 (PIRP) <ol><li> 10 % 15ml를 붓고멸균 분지에 시판 포비돈 요오드 용액. </li><li> 이 분지에 시중에서 판매하는 1 % 리도카인 젤의 5 ML을 추가합니다. </li><li> 포비돈 요오드 슬러리를 만들기 위해 15 초 동안 내용물을 혼합한다. </li></ol> PIRP의 4 차 관리 <ol><li> 문화 멸균 직장 면봉 직장 볼트를 사용합니다. </li><li> , 4cm의 X에게 4cm 멸균 거즈를 열고 포비돈 요오드 슬러리에 담근 후 직장 금고에 넣습니다. 만 거즈의 작은 꼬리는 항문에서 냄새가 나는데 남아 있습니다. </li><li> 이 제거되어 폐기 된 후 2 분 동안 자리에 거즈를 남겨주세요. </li></ol> PIRP의 5 차 관리 <ol><li> PIRP 솔루션 항문 주위 영역을 페인트 일회용 부인과 면봉을 사용합니다. </li><li> 항문에서 3cm의 거리에 직장 볼트로이 부인과 면봉을 삽입합니다. </li><li> 상기 PIRP 직장 점막에의 노출을 최대화하기 위해 직장 VAU 면봉유사한 방식으로, LT를 적어도 세 번. </li><li> 포비돈 요오드 용액은 2 건조하도록 허용 -. 이전의 표준 경직장 초음파 검사 및 후속 조직 검사를 진행하기에 3 ​​분 11 PIRP의 살균 효과가 노출 된 점막에 건조 솔루션을 필요로이 필수적이다. </li><li> 문화 멸균 직장 면봉 직장 볼트를 사용합니다. </li></ol> 6. 경직장 초음파 검사 및 조직 검사 <ol><li> 항문을 통해 초음파 프로브를 삽입합니다. </li><li> 모든 비뇨 관행에 부합하는 표준 방식으로 전립선 이후 조직 검사의 측정을 수행합니다. (11, 12) </li></ol>

<ol>
	<li>Nam, R. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increasing+hospital+admission+rates+for+complications+after+transrectal+ultrasound+guided+prostate+biopsy.">Increasing hospital admission rates for complications after transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy.</a> J Urol. 189, S12-S17 (2013).</li><li>Feliciano, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+incidence+of+fluoroquinolone+resistant+infections+after+prostate+biopsy+are+fluoroquinolones+still+effective+prophylaxis.">The incidence of fluoroquinolone resistant infections after prostate biopsy are fluoroquinolones still effective prophylaxis.</a> J Urol. 179 (3), 952-955 (2008).</li><li>Kehinde, O., Al-Maghrebi, M., Sheikh, M., Anim, J. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combined+ciprofloxacin+and+amikacin+prophylaxis+in+the+prevention+of+septicemia+after+transrectal+ultrasound+guided+biopsy+of+the+prostate.">Combined ciprofloxacin and amikacin prophylaxis in the prevention of septicemia after transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate.</a> J Urol. 189 (3), 911-915 (2013).</li><li>Taylor, A. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+antimicrobial+prophylaxis+using+rectal+swab+cultures+in+men+undergoing+transrectal+ultrasound+guided+prostate+biopsy+is+associated+with+reduced+incidence+of+postoperative+infectious+complications+and+cost+of+care.">Targeted antimicrobial prophylaxis using rectal swab cultures in men undergoing transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy is associated with reduced incidence of postoperative infectious complications and cost of care.</a> J Urol. 187 (4), 1275-1279 (2012).</li><li>Gyorfi, J. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Peri+procedural+povidone+iodine+rectal+preparation+reduces+microorganism+counts+and+infectious+complications+following+ultrasound-guided+needle+biopsy+of+the+prostate.">Peri procedural povidone iodine rectal preparation reduces microorganism counts and infectious complications following ultrasound-guided needle biopsy of the prostate.</a> World J Urol. 32 (4), 905-909 (2014).</li><li>Park, D. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+infective+complications+of+transrectal+prostate+biopsy.">Control of infective complications of transrectal prostate biopsy.</a> Surg Infect Larchmt. 15 (4), 431-436 (2014).</li><li>Park, D. S., Oh, J. J., Lee, J. H., Jang, W. K., Hong, Y. K., Hong, S. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simple+use+of+the+suppository+type+povidone+iodine+can+prevent+infectious+complications+in+transrectal+ultrasound+guided+prostate+biopsy.">Simple use of the suppository type povidone iodine can prevent infectious complications in transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy.</a> Adv Urol. , (2009).</li><li>AbuGhosh, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+prospective+randomized+trial+of+povidone+iodine+prophylactic+cleansing+of+the+rectum+before+transrectal+ultrasound+guided+prostate+biopsy.">A prospective randomized trial of povidone iodine prophylactic cleansing of the rectum before transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy.</a> J Urol. 189 (4), 1326-1331 (2013).</li><li>Gerber, G. S., Brendler, C. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evaluation+of+the+Urological+Patient:+History,+Physical+Exam,+and+Urinalysis.">Evaluation of the Urological Patient: History, Physical Exam, and Urinalysis.</a> Campbell Walsh Urology. , (2015).</li><li>Hodge, K. K., McNeal, J. E., Terris, M. K., Stamey, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Random+systematic+versus+directed+ultrasound+guided+transrectal+core+biopsies+of+the+prostate.">Random systematic versus directed ultrasound guided transrectal core biopsies of the prostate.</a> J Urol. 142 (1), 71-74 (1989).</li><li>Donoghue, P. M., McSweeney, S. E., Jhaveri, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genitourinary+imaging:+current+and+emerging+applications.">Genitourinary imaging: current and emerging applications.</a> J Postgrad Med. 56 (2), 131-139 (2010).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

TRUS PNB을 다음과 같은 감염은 매우 혈관 전립선에 직장 볼트 박테리아의 전위에 차 있습니다. 이 원리에 기초하여, 우리는 전립선 생검 이전 미생물 콜로니 수를 감소시키는 등의 방부제, 포비돈 요오드 등의 항목을 사용하는 간편한 방법을 살펴 보았다. 우리의 경험은 조직 검사의 시간이 PIRP 요법의 사용과 0.6 % (P = 0.02)에 4.3 %의 감소를 강조한다. 또한, 우리는 직장 볼트 미생물의 97 % 감소가 전?...

전립선 암은 남성에서 가장 일반적인 암 및 암 관련 사망의 두번째 주요 원인이다. 2014 년, 약 23만3천가지 경우는 거의 30,000 사람들이 암에 굴복하여 미국에서 진단됩니다. (1) 전립선 특이 항원 (PSA) 혈액 검사와 직장 수지 검사는 (DRE)이, 경직장 전립선 암 검진에 필수적인 역할을하는 동안 초음파 유도 전립선 생검 (TRUS PNB)의 조직 학적 진단을 얻을 수있는 가장 일반적인 방법이다. TRUS PNB은 환자의 항문에 초음파 프로브를 삽입하고, 일반적으로 단지 전방있는 전립선의 주연 영역의 12-14 생검을 얻는 것을 포함한다. 각각의 바늘 생검은 매우 혈관 전립선에 직장 벽을 통해 18 G 바늘의 통과를 필요로한다. 따라서, 세균의 전위에 의한 출혈과 감염의 위험이 이론적 절차에 따라 존재한다. 없음불구는 보험 수리적 합병증 후 절차는 역사적으로 낮은 유지하고있다. 이전 TRUS PNB에 항생제 예방은 일상적으로 가장 많이 사용되는 에이전트 인 퀴놀론 계 항생제로 규정되어있다. 적절한 예방에도 불구하고, 현대 조사 후 조직 검사 감염성 합병증의 증가를 연루. (2) 또한, 연구 결과에 기인 한 퀴놀론 내성 미생물, 특히 E.의 출현에 TRUS PNB을 다음과 같은 감염성 합병증이 상승 대장균. 3 퀴놀론의 저항이 상승하는 속도는 TRUS PNB 절차 예방 대체 요법의 필요성을 시사한다. 이를 위해 여러 가지 방법을 조사 중에있다. 한 가지 방법은 경구 용 퀴놀론와 함께 조직 검사시 정맥 또는 근육 항생제의 관리를 포함한다. (4)이 전략은 TRUS PNB 다음 패혈증 이벤트를 줄일 수 있지만,이 접근법의 주요 한계는 더욱 가족이 항생제 내성 미생물을 개발하기위한 전위이다. 또, 최근 연구 방법론 5. 퀴놀론 - 내성 직장 식물 집락 환자를 선별하기 전 생검 직장 면봉의 사용을 포함 이러한 생물체가 검출되면, &quot;타겟&quot;항생제 요법은 식별 내성 세균의 감도 프로파일에 기초하여 사용될 수있다 변형. 방법론은 우아하지만, 선택적으로, 이러한 면봉을 획득 퀴놀론 선택 배지에 배양 및 항생제를 재봉의 실제 과정은 이후 많은 임상 사례에서 부족 될 수있는 임상 및 실험실 인프라가 필요합니다. TRUS PNB 감염을 제한하는 대안 전략을 제시 할 수있다 조직 검사 이전에 직장 금고 미생물의 집락 수를 줄이기 위해 살균 주제의 관리. 포비돈의 iodone은 저렴하고 쉽게 사용할 수 에이전트수술 사이트에 적용 할 때 감소 박테리아 수를 기록. 모두 대장 암 및 부인과 수술의 응용 프로그램은 잘 알려져있다. 따라서, 직장 제제로서 povidine 요오드의 사용은 종래 생검 추가적인 준비 없이도 감소 TRUS PNB 감염에, 제조 가능한 간단하고 경제적 인 방법을 제시한다. 비뇨 문학에 대해, 이전에 작업 TRUS PNB 다음과 같은 임상 적 감염의 감소를 지적했다. 6-9이 동영상은 PIRP의 기술은 임상 관행에 통합 용이성과 단순성을 강조 보여줍니다. TRUS PNB을받은 모든 환자는 초기 전립선 암 검진에 대한 추천 또는 초기 평가에 대한 전문 비뇨기과 클리닉에서 볼 수 있었다. 이 평가는 환자의 혈청 전립선 특이 항원 (PSA)와 직장 수지 검사 (DRE)의 성능 검토를 수반. PSA 나 DRE 하나의 이상이의 추천 메시지TRUS PNB. TRUS PNB 절차는 모든 환자와 감염, 출혈을 포함하여 관련 위험 논의하고, 요폐는 명확했다. 모든 환자는 퀴놀론 계 약물 (예, 시프로플록사신) 또는 트리 메소 프림 - 설파 (Bactrim) 조직 검사 이전에 하나 경구 항생제 예방 삼일을 받았다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>Povidone Iodine Solution, 10% Topical Microbicide Antiseptic, 8 fl oz.</td><td>Equate</td><td>4067979</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>4 x 4 sterile gauze pads, white</td><td>Dukal Corporation</td><td>DKL1412</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>disposable gynecologic swab&amp;nbsp;</td><td>numerous vendors</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1% lidocaine gel&amp;nbsp;</td><td>numerous vendors</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

povidone iodine rectal preparation at time of prostate needle biopsy is a simple and reproducible means to reduce risk of procedural infection

단일 기관과 인구 기반 연구는 경직장 초음파 유도 전립선 생검 (TRUS PNB) 다음과 같은 감염성 합병증이 증가하고 있음을 강조. 이러한 감염은 직장 볼트를 식민지화하고 조직 검사 절차 중에 혈류로 전좌되어 내성 미생물을 퀴놀론에 크게 기인한다. 생검시 포비돈 요오드 직장 제제 (PIRP)는 TRUS PNB 따라 직장 균 집락 따라서 얻어진 감염을 줄이기위한 간단하고 재현 가능한 방법이다. 모든 환자는 이전에 조직 검사에 경구 항생제 치료의 삼일을 투여한다. PIRP 기술은 초기 TRUS PNB위한 표준 방식으로 환자를 위치시키는 것을 포함한다. 디지털 직장 검사 후, 시판 포비돈 요오드의 10 % 용액의 15 mL의 슬러리를 만들기 위해 1 % 리도카인 젤리 5 ㎖와 혼합된다. 4cm X 4cm 멸균 거즈는 SOA입니다이 슬러리에 KED 후 제거한 후 2 분 동안 직장 볼트 삽입. 그 후, 일회용면 부인과 면봉은 항문 주위 영역과 항문에서 3cm의 거리에 직장 금고를 모두 칠하는 데 사용됩니다. 이전의 표준 경직장 초음파 검사 및 후속 조직 검사를 진행하기로 3 분 - 포비돈 요오드 용액을 2 건조 할 수있다. 이 PIRP 기술은 0.6 % (P = 0.02)에 4.3 %에서 후 조직 검사 감염의 연관 감소 2012 년 3 월 이후 우리의 기관에서 연습하고있다. 이 예방 요법의 주된 장점은 감염을 감소시키기 쉽게 사용할 저렴 에이전트의 사용과 단순성 및 재현성이다. 또한, 기술은 다 약제 내성균의 전위가 전파와 추가 환자 전신 항생제 노출 피한다. TRUS PNB에서 PIRP의 사용은, 그러나, 요오드 또는 조개 환자에는 적용되지 않습니다llergies.

이 PIRP 기술은 165 명의 환자가이 품질 개선 조치에 등록 된과 (현재까지) 2012 년 월부터 연습에왔다. 이 시간에, 단 하나의 환자 (0.6 %), 전신 패혈증의 형태로 감염 합병증을 경험했다. 이 환자는 다 약제 내성 E. 집락시켰다 대장균 균주. 이 환자 PIRP의 관리에 따라 직장 면봉은 직장 금고는 여전히 2.1 × 105 CFU / ml의 세균이 이에 PIRP 적절하게 직장 볼트를 처리 여부 질문과 식민?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Povidone Iodine Rectal Preparation at Time of Prostate Needle Biopsy is a Simple and Reproducible Means to Reduce Risk of Procedural Infection at JoVE.com

Povidone Iodine Rectal Preparation at Time of Prostate Needle Biopsy is a Simple and Reproducible Means to Reduce Risk of Procedural Infection

Here, we present a protocol for use at the time of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy (TRUS PNB) that is a simple and cost-effective means to reduce infections following the procedure.

전립선 바늘 생검시 포비돈 요오드 직장 준비 절차 감염의 위험을 줄이기 위해 간단하고 재현 수단이다

Single institution and population-based studies highlight that infectious complications following transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy ...

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31.9K 조회수.  Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center. Here, we present a protocol for use at the time of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy (TRUS PNB) that is a simple and cost-effective means to reduce infections following the procedure.

비디오: Povidone Iodine Rectal Preparation at Time of Prostate Needle Biopsy is a Simple and Reproducible Means to Reduce Risk of Procedural Infection

PRP as a New Approach to Prevent Infection: Preparation and In vitro Antimicrobial Properties of PRP

Implant-associated infection is becoming more and more challenging to the healthcare industry worldwide due to increasing antibiotic resistance, transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria between animals and humans, and the high cost of treating infections.
In this study, we disclose a new strategy that may be effective in preventing implant-associated infection based on the potential antimicrobial properties of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). Due to its well-studied properties for promoting healing, PRP (a biological product) has been increasingly used for clinical applications including orthopaedic surgeries, periodontal and oral surgeries, maxillofacial surgeries, plastic surgeries, sports medicine, etc.
PRP could be an advanced alternative to conventional antibiotic treatments in preventing implant-associated infections. The use of PRP may be advantageous compared to conventional antibiotic treatments since PRP is less likely to induce antibiotic resistance and PRP's antimicrobial and healing-promoting properties may have a synergistic effect on infection prevention. It is well known that pathogens and human cells are racing for implant surfaces, and PRP's properties of promoting healing could improve human cell attachment thereby reducing the odds for infection. In addition, PRP is inherently biocompatible, and safe and free from the risk of transmissible diseases.
For our study, we have selected several clinical bacterial strains that are commonly found in orthopaedic infections and examined whether PRP has in vitro antimicrobial properties against these bacteria. We have prepared PRP using a twice centrifugation approach which allows the same platelet concentration to be obtained for all samples. We have achieved consistent antimicrobial findings and found that PRP has strong in vitro antimicrobial properties against bacteria like methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Group A Streptococcus, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Therefore, the use of PRP may have the potential to prevent infection and to reduce the need for costly post-operative treatment of implant-associated infections.

PRP as a New Approach to Prevent Infection: Preparation and In vitro Antimicrobial Properties of PRP

Implant-associated infection is a significant clinical complication. This study describes an approach using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to prevent implant-associated infections, presents the protocol for preparing PRP with constant platelet concentration, and reports the newly identified antimicrobial properties of PRP and related protocols for examining such antimicrobial properties in vitro.

준비를 한 다음 감염을 방지하기 위해 새로운 접근 방식으로 PRP<em&gt; 체외에서</emPRP의&gt; 항균 속성

Implant-associated infection is becoming more and more challenging to the healthcare industry worldwide due to increasing antibiotic resistance, ...

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면역학 및 감염병학

In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the optical equivalent of ultrasound imaging, based on the backscattering of near infrared light. OCT provides real time images with a 15 &#181;m axial resolution at an effective tissue penetration of 2-3 mm. Within the OCT images the loss of signal intensity per millimeter of tissue penetration, the attenuation coefficient, is calculated. The attenuation coefficient is a tissue specific property, providing a quantitative parameter for tissue differentiation. 
Until now, renal mass treatment decisions have been made primarily on the basis of MRI and CT imaging characteristics, age and comorbidity. However these parameters and diagnostic methods lack the finesse to truly detect the malignant potential of a renal mass. A successful core biopsy or fine needle aspiration provides objective tumor differentiation with both sensitivity and specificity in the range of 95-100%. However, a non-diagnostic rate of 10-20% overall, and even up to 30% in SRMs, is to be expected, delaying the diagnostic process due to the frequent necessity for additional biopsy procedures. 
We aim to develop OCT into an optical biopsy, providing real-time imaging combined with on-the-spot tumor differentiation. This publication provides a detailed step-by-step approach for percutaneous, needle based, OCT of renal masses.

In Vivo, Percutaneous, Needle Based, Optical Coherence Tomography of Renal Masses

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a high resolution imaging technique that allows analysis of tissue specific optical properties providing the means for tissue differentiation. We developed needle based OCT, providing real-time imaging combined with on-the-spot tumor differentiation. This publication describes a method for percutaneous, needle based OCT of renal masses.

비보, 경피적, 니들 기반, 신장 질량의 빛 간섭 단층 촬영에서

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is the optical equivalent of ultrasound imaging, based on the backscattering of near infrared light. OCT provides real ...

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Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate via an End-firing Lithium Triborate Crystal Laser

The occurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common problem with a high incidence in the aging male population. Although it is not a life-threatening disease, BPH causes problems that seriously impact the quality of life. Here, we introduce a new technique called photoselective vaporesection of the prostate (PVRP) in treating BPH, which can be seen as a variation of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP). This procedure presents several advantages compared to the PVP technique including less laser energy loss, less intraoperative complications as well as more tissue resection rate.

Here we present a protocol to perform Photoselective Vaporesection of the Prostate (PVRP) for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treatment.

최종 발사 리튬 Triborate 크리스탈 레이저를 통해 전립선의 Photoselective Vaporesection

The occurrence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common problem with a high incidence in the aging ...

Use of MRI-ultrasound Fusion to Achieve Targeted Prostate Biopsy

Here, we present a protocol to perform targeted prostate biopsy using a magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound (MRI/US) fusion system. Prostate cancer has traditionally been diagnosed via transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) biopsy. Though considered the gold standard, TRUS is unable to visualize most prostate cancer lesions and therefore requires sampling of the entire prostate. This biopsy method often undergrades prostate cancer and fails to detect up to 35% of cancers on initial biopsy. Prostate MRI has been shown to have excellent sensitivity in the detection of cancerous lesions, and advancements in MRI technology during the last decade have led to the development of targeted biopsy. In targeted biopsy, a software platform overlays MRI data onto live TRUS images to create a fused MRI/US three-dimensional model of the prostate. Regions suspicious for malignancy on MRI are contoured by a radiologist, uploaded into the fusion system, and then displayed within the live MRI/US fused model. The urologist is then able to directly biopsy these targets. When compared to conventional TRUS biopsy, MRI/US fusion technology has been demonstrated to improve the detection of clinically significant cancer while reducing insignificant cancer detection. This technology, therefore, has the potential to diagnose prostate cancer primarily in men who would benefit from treatment.

Presented herein is a protocol to perform targeted biopsy of the prostate using an MRI-ultrasound fusion system.

달성 하기 위해 MRI 초음파 퓨전의 사용 대상 전립선 생 검

Here, we present a protocol to perform targeted prostate biopsy using a magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound (MRI/US) fusion system. Prostate cancer has ...

Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Biopsy Data to Guide Sampling Procedures for Prostate Cancer Biobanking

Previous methods for biobanking prostate tissue, following radical prostatectomy, generally involved random sampling. In order to increase efficiency, and enable a greater range of downstream applications, a more targeted method of sampling prostate tissue was developed. Here we use both magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and biopsy data to target specific areas of the organ for sampling. The method involves use of a previously published prostate slicing device which removes a 5 mm transverse slice from a predetermined region of the prostate, followed by the removal of 6 mm punch biopsies from predetermined areas of this slice. These samples can be stored frozen or fixed for biobanking purposes, or used fresh immediately with 70% confidence of tumor content, as compared with 10% confidence from the random sampling approach. This enables the use of all standard downstream techniques such as genomics, proteomics or histological work, but also work that requires fresh tissue such as live tissue imaging or ex vivo culture.

This method involves utilization of clinical diagnostic data for prostate cancer patients in order to guide sampling procedures, when biobanking tissue following radical prostatectomy. This overcomes issues with previously published methods around efficiency and availability of fresh tissue for a wider range of downstream applications.

전립선암 바이오뱅킹을 위한 샘플링 절차를 안내하기 위해 자기 공명 영상 및 생검 데이터 사용

Previous methods for biobanking prostate tissue, following radical prostatectomy, generally involved random sampling. In order to increase efficiency, and ...

Focal Laser Ablation of Prostate Cancer: An Office Procedure

In this article, we describe and illustrate an outpatient procedure for focal laser ablation (FLA) of prostate cancer (PCa). The procedure is conceptually similar to a fusion biopsy and is performed under local anesthesia in a clinic setting; treatment time is usually less than one hour. Laser insertion is guided by ultrasound; lesion targeting is via magnetic resonance imaging-ultrasound (MRI/US) fusion, as in targeted prostate biopsy. Real-time ablation monitoring is achieved utilizing a thermal probe adjacent to the laser fiber. The video demonstrates procedure planning, patient preparation, various steps during the procedure, and treatment monitoring. Safety, feasibility, and efficacy of this approach have been established during a previous trial. Outpatient FLA under local anesthesia is an option for management of intermediate risk prostate cancer.

This article presents and describes an outpatient treatment for prostate cancer using focal laser ablation. Laser catheter placement is guided by MRI-ultrasound fusion imaging in a fashion similar to prostate needle biopsy. Treatment is monitored in real-time with a thermal probe, placed adjacent to the laser fiber.

전립선암의 초점 레이저 절제: 사무실 절차

In this article, we describe and illustrate an outpatient procedure for focal laser ablation (FLA) of prostate cancer (PCa). The procedure is conceptually ...

Micro-Ultrasound Guided Transperineal Prostate Biopsy: A Clinic-Based Procedure

Prostate cancer is the most common solid malignancy in men and requires a biopsy for diagnosis. This manuscript describes a freehand micro-ultrasound guided transperineal technique performed under local anesthesia, which maintains accuracy, keeps patients comfortable, has low adverse events, and minimizes the need for disposables. Prior micro-ultrasound-guided transperineal techniques required general or spinal anesthesia. The key steps described in the protocol include (1) the placement of the local anesthesia, (2) micro-ultrasound imaging, (3) and the visualization of the anesthetic/biopsy needle while uncoupled from the insonation plane. A retrospective review of 100 patients undergoing this technique demonstrated a 68% clinically significant cancer detection rate. Pain scores were prospectively collected in a subset of patients (N = 20) and showed a median procedural pain score of 2 out of 10. The 30 day Grade III adverse event rate was 3%; one of these events was probably related to the prostate biopsy. Overall, we present a simple, accurate, and safe technique for performing a micro-ultrasound-guided transperineal prostate biopsy.

This manuscript outlines the steps for performing a micro-ultrasound-guided transperineal prostate biopsy under local anesthesia.

Prostate cancer is the most common solid malignancy in men and requires a biopsy for diagnosis. This manuscript describes a freehand micro-ultrasound ...

A Cognitive Fusion-guided Prostate Biopsy Using Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transrectal Ultrasound

Traditional transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy has limited sensitivity and specificity, particularly for detecting early-stage prostate cancer, due to a lack of precise lesion targeting. An improved cognitive fusion-guided prostate biopsy method has been developed to enhance lesion targeting by integrating three parameters of prostate multiparametric MR (mpMRI) images into TRUS images. Prostate mpMRI measurement is initially performed to obtain three key parameters: the rotation angle (&#945;), the distance from the rectal wall (X), and the distance from the prostate apex (Y). These parameters are then cognitively applied in real-time, TRUS-guided prostate needle biopsy to detect target lesions. This improved transperineal cognitive fusion biopsy method enhances diagnostic accuracy, improves reproducibility, and reduces reliance on operator experience. Clinical application in 423 patients demonstrated a prostate cancer detection rate of 73.5%, with 62.9% classified as clinically significant cancers. Compared with equipment-intensive methods such as MRI-ultrasound fusion biopsy, this approach is cost-effective, practical, and well-suited for broader clinical adoption. Additionally, the method&#39;s flexibility supports integration with other imaging techniques, such as 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT, further improving detection rates for patients with high-risk prostate cancer.

Prostate biopsy is the gold standard diagnostic method for prostate cancer. Cognitive fusion-guided prostate biopsy, which combines transrectal ultrasound with pre-measured MRI parameters, improves biopsy accuracy and enhances the detection rate of clinically significant prostate cancer.

다파라메트릭 자기공명영상(Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transrectal Ultrasound)을 이용한 인지 융합 유도 전립선 생검(A Cognitive Fusion-guided Prostate Biopsy Using Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Transrectal Ultrasound)

Traditional transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy has limited sensitivity and specificity, particularly for detecting early-stage prostate ...

Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Insertion

Source: Madeline Lassche, MSNEd, RN and Katie Baraki, MSN, RN, College of Nursing, University of Utah, UT
The purpose of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIV) insertion is to infuse medications, perform intravenous (IV) fluid therapy, or inject radioactive tracers for special examination procedures. Placing a PIV is an invasive procedure and requires the use of an aseptic, no-touch technique. 
Common IV venipuncture sites are the arms and hands in adults and the feet in children. According to the Intravenous Nurses Society (INS), the feet should be avoided in the adult population because of the risk of thrombophlebitis. Venipuncture sites should be carefully assessed for contraindications, such as pain, wounds, decreased circulation, a previous cerebral vascular accident (CVA), dialysis fistulas, or a mastectomy on the same side. The median cubital vein and the cephalic vein in the wrist area should be avoided when possible. The cephalic vein has been associated with nerve damage when used for IV placements. The most distal site available on the hand or arm is preferred so that future venipuncture sites may be used if infiltration or extravasation occurs.
This video will demonstrate the insertion of a PIV, including the preparation and attachment of an IV extension set. Although a PIV securement device is used here to stabilize the IV catheter, according to INS recommendations, some facilities may not elect to purchase these devices, and the alternate chevron or U-shaped taping method may also be used.

Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Insertion: No Touch Technique

주변 정맥 카테터 삽입

Source: Madeline Lassche, MSNEd, RN and Katie Baraki, MSN, RN, College of Nursing, University of Utah, UT
The purpose of peripheral intravenous catheter ...

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Hand hygiene

Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
Hand washing consists of a fast, vigorous rubbing motion across all parts of the hands, with lathered surfaces, followed by 15 seconds of washing under water. Handwashing works by mechanically removing microorganisms from the hands and rinsing them with water. Microorganisms are not killed by handwashing. There are three techniques of hand washing.
Hand washing 
By performing hand hygiene at the right moments and using appropriate techniques, hands become clean and safe as infectious organisms are not transmitted to yourself or others. Using handwashing products that contain an antimicrobial or antibacterial ingredient is recommended in any setting where the risk for infection is high, such as:
<ul>
	<li>&#8226; When hands are visibly soiled with blood and body fluids</li>
	<li>&#8226;&#160;Before eating and after toileting</li>
	<li>&#8226;&#160;When exposed to spore-forming microorganisms.</li>
</ul>
Antiseptic hand wash
An antiseptic hand rub is used to decrease the number of microorganisms present on hand surfaces by applying an antiseptic hand rub. Ethanol-based hand antiseptics containing 70% to 90% alcohol appear to be the most effective against common pathogens found on the hands.
All healthcare workers must practice proper hand hygiene at all times, including:
<ul>
	<li>&#8226;&#160;Just before touching a patient</li>
	<li>&#8226;&#160;Before performing an aseptic task or working with invasive devices</li>
	<li>&#8226;&#160;Before switching from a soiled to a clean body site on a patient</li>
	<li>&#8226;&#160;After contacting a patient or their immediate surroundings</li>
	<li>&#8226;&#160;Following exposure to blood, bodily fluids, or contaminated surfaces (with or without glove use)</li>
	<li>&#8226;&#160;Immediately following glove removal</li>
</ul>
Antiseptic hand rub or surgical hand antisepsis 
Surgical hand antisepsis is an antiseptic hand wash or hand-rub technique that is an integral part of the preparation for surgery by surgical personnel. Its purpose is to eliminate transient microorganisms and reduce resident hand flora. The most currently used antiseptics are chlorhexidine (CHG) and povidone-iodine (PVI). These agents are applied with a sponge and brush. This technique involves coating the elbow to the fingers and can take up to three minutes, depending on hospital protocol.

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and ...