Name: determining the electromyographic fatigue threshold following a single visit exercise test
Uploaded: 2015-07-27T14:00:00.000+00:00
Duration: 6 min
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test at JoVE.com

This project was funded by, in part, by start-up funds from Wayne State University to M.H. Malek.

모든 절차는 인간의 주제에 대한 대학의 임상 시험 심사위원회의 승인을했다. 참가자의 다리 1. 준비 <ol><li> 참가자가 깔끔하게 원하는 다리에 대한 자신의 반바지를 롤업 있습니다. 대퇴사 두근 근육 그룹이 노출 참가자가 면도 할 필요가있는 영역 주위에 선을 그어야한다 대퇴 있도록 다음 반바지 테이프. </li><li> 중요 :이 근전도 신호를 방해 할 수 있습니다 더 stubbles이 없음을 보장하므로 참가자는 시험보다는 전날 전에 다리를 면도하게한다. </li><li> 참가자는 다리의 원하는 영역을 면도 완료되면, 근전도 신호를 방해 할 수있는 면도 젤 (또는 크림)의 더 잔해가 없는지 확인하기 위해 소독 용 알코올로 면도 영역을 청소합니다. </li></ol> 전극 배치를위한 다리의 2. 측정 <ol><li> 광근의 근전도 전극을 배치하기 위해 근육을 lateralis에서 FO​​을llowing 측정 <ol><li> 참가자가 연구자에 직면 똑바로 서 있습니다. </li><li> 우수 (ASIS) iliaca 전방 척추와 슬개골의 측면을 찾습니다. ASIS는 엉덩이 뼈이다 배꼽 아래 복부 양쪽 손을 배치하여이를 촉진하다. </li><li> 줄자와, 상기 식별 된 두 위치 사이의 거리를 측정하고 슬개골의 측면에 ASIS에서 라인에 그 값을 2/3. 참고 : http://www.seniam.org/ : EMG 전극의 배치에 관한 자세한 내용은 SENIAM (근육의 비 침습적 평가를위한 표면 근전도) URL에서 확인할 수 있습니다 </li></ol></li></ol> EMG 전극의 3 배치 <ol><li> 광근 lateralis의 위치가 확인 된 후, 접착제를 제거하지 않고 SH 광근 lateralis 위에 EMG 전극 (대부분의 연구자들이 시판 일회용 AG-AG CL 전극 사용) 열린다의 ield. 이어서 펜으로 전극의 겔 부분 근육에 접촉하는 영역을 표시한다. 간 거리가 20mm를 중심 간을 확인하십시오. </li><li> 부드럽게 피부의 표층을 제거하기 위해이 두 영역을 연마하기 위해 사포 (60 조)의 조각을 사용합니다. 이 기간 동안, 참가자에게 불편 자신의 수준을 부탁드립니다. 참가자가 지역 따뜻한가 있으면 연마 중지합니다. </li><li> 알코올 또는 알코올 면봉을 문질러 적신 수건으로 연마 영역을 청소합니다. 다리에 영역이 EMG 전극을 배치하기 전에 건조하도록 허용합니다. </li><li> 마모 된 사이트 (그림 2)의 EMG 전극을 배치합니다. 수술 중 관찰 된 장경 밴드 (IT 밴드)에 전극을 올려 놓지 않도록주의하십시오. 광근 lateralis를 만져하기 위해 대퇴사 두근 대퇴골 근육을 수축하기 위해 참가자를 요청합니다. 는 IT 밴드에없는 보장하기 위해 근육에 전극을 배치합니다. 참고 : IT 밴드의 경우 전극을, 근전도 신호 올릴참가자는 계약을 최대로하도록 요청하는 경우 LD는 약화 될 수있다. </li><li> 이러한 ASIS 따라서 운동 시합 중에 낮은 사지의 움직임을 방해하지 않는 것으로 보니 첨부 사이트의 기준 전극 (제 3 전극)을 놓습니다. </li></ol> 4. EMG 신호 확인 <ol><li> 운동 시험을 시작하기 전에, 전극 간 임피던스를 확인한다. 참고 : 신호가 너무 많은 소음이있는 경우 다음 운동 테스트 동안 수집 된 근전도 데이터가 잘못되기 때문에이 단계는 매우 중요합니다. <ol><li> 참가자가 의자에 앉아 EMG는 참가자의 다리에 부착 된 각각의 전극 리드에 연결해야합니다. </li><li> 이 시점에서, 참가자가 근육에는 장력을 갖지 않는, 그들의 다리 긴장. 그리고 휴식의 약 30 초 후, 참가자가 최대로 5 초 동안 자신의 대퇴사 두근 대퇴골 근육을 수축 한 후 완전히 이완으로 돌아 가야합니다. </li><li> 작업을 수행 할 때보브 (단계 4.1.2), 컴퓨터에서 참가자 EMG 신호를 기록한다. </li><li> 간 임피던스가 &lt;2000 옴 있는지 확인하십시오. 전압계는 실험실에서 사용할 수있는 경우 또한, 다음,베이스 라인 노이즈를 확인하고 5 μV 이하로 유지한다. 또한, 1000 Hz에서 샘플링 주파수를 설정한다. </li></ol></li></ol> 5. 설정 - 업 사이클 에르고 미터 <ol><li> 간 임피던스를 확인한 후, 사이클 에르고 미터에 의자에서 참가자의 이동이있다. </li><li> 참가자가 사이클 에르고 미터 옆에 서서 허벅지가 바닥과 평행이 될 때까지 자신의 무릎을 올릴 수 있습니다. 그런 다음 참가자는이 위치를 유지하고 참가자의 허벅지와 같은 높이에 맞게 좌석의 높이를 조정했다. </li><li> 그 후, 참가자가 사이클 에르고 미터 좌석에 앉아 그리고 그들은 좌석의 높이를 편안하게하는 경우를 묻는 동안 몇 번 페달이있다. 필요한 경우, 시트의 높이를 조절한다. </li><li> 그쪽을 확인T 참가자의 다리는 각각의 페달 회전하는 동안 무릎에 약간의 굴곡 (~ 5 °)와 근처의 전체 확장입니다. </li><li> 시험을 시작하기 전에, 심박수가 운동 시험에 걸쳐 문서화 될 수 있도록 참가자는 극성 심박수 모니터 착용있다. </li></ol> 6. EMG 피로 임계 값 프로토콜을 수행 <ol><li> 참가자가 자전거를 시작하고 점차 / 분 70 회전에 자신의 리듬을 높일 수 있습니다. 이어서 50 W.로 사이클 에르고 미터에 전력​​ 출력을 증가 </li><li> 약 2 ~ 3 분 동안이 파워 출력에서​​ 참가자주기를 가지고있다. 참고 :이는 저 강도 운동과 워밍업이 될 것입니다. </li><li> 참가자가 더 이상 70 회전 / 분 종지을 유지할 수 있거나 시험 중지 할 것을 요청할 때까지 예열 한 후, 매 2 분 (W) (25)에 의해 출력 전력을 증가하지 않는다. 참고 : 운동 부하 검사시, 근전도 신호 (10)에 대해 기록되는 것을 주목해야한다초 초 10 ~ 20, 30 ~ 40, 50 ~ 60, 70 ~ 80, 90 ~ 100 각 2 분 단계에서 신 (新) 시대, 그리고 110 ~ 120 (21). 대부분 EMG 시스템은 소정 간격으로 자동 녹화를 설정하는 옵션을 가질 것이다. 따라서, 각 단계 6 데이​​터 파일이 있어야합니다. </li><li> 증분 테스트가 체결되면, W. 아래 시원한의 길이가 워밍업 단계에서 값으로 참가자의 심장 박동 반환을 갖는 일치하는지 확인 참가자가 50 멋진을 수행 할 수 있습니다. 극성 심박수 모니터를 사용 참가자의 심장 박동수를 확인하여이 모니터. </li><li> 쿨 다운이 완료되면, EMG가 리드를 제거하고 참가자가 사이클 에르고 미터를 단계 및 의자로 돌아가있다. 조심스럽게 EMG 전극을 제거하고 알코올 또는 알코올 면봉을 문질러 적신 깨끗한 수건으로 영역을 닦습니다. </li></ol> 7. 근전도 신호를 처리 <ol><li> 테스트가 완료된 후에 프로데이터 EMG 피로 한계를 결정하는데 이용 될 수 있도록 운동 시험 동안 수집 된 원시 EMG 데이터 파일을 운. <ol><li> 근전도 신호를 수집하는 데 사용되는 소프트웨어 또는 MATLAB 또는 LabVIEW를 다양한 플랫폼을 사용하여 사용자 정의 작성된 소프트웨어 중 하나와 근전도 신호의 처리를 수행합니다. </li><li> 대역 통과 필터를 사용하여 수집 된 EMG 신호 필터. 500 Hz로 (10)의 설정을 사용합니다. 주의 : 이는 &lt;환경에서 (10 ㎐, 고주파 아티팩트 EMG 도선)의 이동 (&gt; 500 Hz에서)에 저주파 아티팩트가 제거되도록 상기 신호의 주파수를 변경한다. EMG 또는 컴퓨터 시스템의 전원 공급 장치로부터의 간섭이있는 경우, 60 Hz에서의 노치 필터를 사용한다. </li><li> 신호가 필터링되면, 루트 신호의 제곱 평균값을 산출함으로써, 신호의 진폭을 결정 : 정사각형이 데이터 포인트의 각각의 데이터 포인트의 수에 의해 분할 그들을 합산 한 후 그 결과 값의 제곱근을 취. 전술 한 소프트웨어를 사용하여 이러한 계산을 수행. </li></ol></li></ol> 8. 각 참가자에 대한 근전도 피로 임계 값 결정 <ol><li> 각 참가자에 대해 다음 단계를 수행합니다. <ol><li> EMG 신호가 처리 된 후에; 통계 프로그램 (예 : 프리즘 그래프 패드)을 사용하여 시험에 사용되는 전력 출력을 갖는 첫 번째 열 &quot;시간&quot;과 후속 열 라벨. </li><li> 각각의 전력 출력의 경우, 기입 된 각각의 20 초 구간에 해당하는 EMG 진폭 값. </li><li> 회귀 직선의 기울기가 제로로부터 크게 다른 (p &lt;0.05) 인 경우, 각 출력의 경우, 판별 EMG 진폭 (Y 축)의 관계를 가진 선형 회귀 대 시간 (x 축)을 분석. </li><li> 선형 회귀를 수행하면 모든 전원 출력에 대해 분석 한 결과, 비 유의 (p&gt; 0.05) 기울기 높은 전력 출력을 식별한다. </li><li> 이어서 L 식별현저한 (p &lt;0.05) 기울기 owest 파워 출력. </li><li> 이들 두 개의 전원 출력들이 식별되고 나면, 추가 2 분할기; 얻어진 전력 출력은 추정 된 EMG의 피로도 한계치이다. </li></ol></li></ol>

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E., Martineau, L., Jay, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physical+work+capacity+in+older+adults:+implications+for+the+aging+worker.">Physical work capacity in older adults: implications for the aging worker.</a> American journal of industrial medicine. 51, 610-625 (2008).</li><li>Matsumoto, T., Ito, K., Moritani, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+relationship+between+anaerobic+threshold+and+electromyographic+fatigue+threshold+in+college+women.">The relationship between anaerobic threshold and electromyographic fatigue threshold in college women.</a> European journal of applied physiology. 63, 1-5 (1991).</li><li>Guffey, D. R., Gervasi, B. J., Maes, A. A., Malek, M. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Estimating+electromygraphic+and+heart+rate+fatigue+threshold+from+a+single+treadmill+test.">Estimating electromygraphic and heart rate fatigue threshold from a single treadmill test.</a> Muscle. 46, 577-581 (2012).</li><li>Camic, C. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+influence+of+the+muscle+fiber+pennation+angle+and+innervation+zone+on+the+identification+of+neuromuscular+fatigue+during+cycle+ergometry.">The influence of the muscle fiber pennation angle and innervation zone on the identification of neuromuscular fatigue during cycle ergometry.</a> Journal of electromyography and kinesiology : official journal of the International Society of Electrophysiological Kinesiology. 21, 33-40 (2011).</li></ol>

The authors have nothing to disclose.

우리는 여기에서 사두근 신경 근육 피로를 결정하기위한 방법은, 동적 운동 근육 대퇴 제시한다. 이 방법은 표면 EMG를 사용하는 직접적이고 비 침습적 방법을 제공한다. 또한,이 방법의 다양성 연구원은 러닝 머신 20 운동의 다른 모드에 적응 ​​할 수 있다는 것입니다. 이론적으로, 근전도 피로 임계 값에 또는 아래의 강도에 대한 참가자는 무한정 12, 13 운?...

표면 근전도 (EMG)는 등각 1-3시 모터 단위 모집, 등속 4-6, 또는 연속 7-10 근육의 작용을 연구하는 비 침습적 인 방법입니다. EMG 신호의 진폭이 모터의 작동 유닛의 수, 모터 유닛의 연소율 또는 모두 (11)으로 구성되어 근육의 활성화를 나타낸다. EMG 피로 한계의 개념은 개인 EMG 진폭 8의 증가없이 불명확하게 운동 할 수있는 가장 높은 부하를 나타내는 데 사용된다. 그것은 간단히 토론에 근전도 피로 임계 값의 기원 중요하다. deVries 등. (12)에 의해 원래의 연구는 EMG 진폭이 각 작업의 한판 승부를위한 시간에 대해 그려되었다 (보통 3-4) 불연속 일 복싱, 여러 구성 프로토콜을 포함했다. 전력 출력은 시간 대 RELA EMG 진폭으로부터 기울기 계수에 대해 그려시켰다<html> 되는 관계하고이어서 영 사면 (y 절편) (12)에 외삽. 저자 (12)는 원래 해당 프로토콜을 피로 임계 값 (PWCFT)의 실제 작업 용량을라고. 또 다른 연구에서, deVries 외. (13)는 불연속 일 복싱을 사용하지만, 시간 관계 대 EMG 진폭 상당한 경사 결과 제 1 전원의 출력을 찾기 위해 선형 회귀 분석을 이용했다. 저자 (13)는 또한 문학에 약간의 혼란을 만들어, 그 프로토콜 PWCFT라고합니다. 후속 기사에서, deVries 등. (14)는 자신의 이전 프로토콜 13을 수정 연속 증가 프로토콜을 개발했다. EMG 진폭은 각각의 출력 시간에 대해 도시하고 PWCFT은 시간이 지남에 EMG 진폭의 변화없이 시간 이상 14 EMG 진폭 증가 하였다 낮은 출력 결과 높은 전력 출력의 평균으로 정의되었다 . ENT는 &quot;&gt; 그것은 PWC는 원래 1950 년대 후반 (15, 16)에 도입 된 용어는 문학의 과다 (과거, 현재, 그리고 다른 나라에서) 특정 워크로드 (17)의 유산소 능력 검사와 동의어임을 주목해야한다. 또한, 이 용어는 조립 공장 18 개인으로서 8 시간의 작업 일 동안 반복적 인 작업을 수행 노동자의 일상 생산성에 초점을 인체 공학적 산업 문헌에 사용된다. 그들은 시간 관계 대 EMG 진폭의 기울기 계수 대 전력 출력은 플로팅 제로 기울기 지점 외삽 deVries 12 프로토콜을 수정 후 용어 EMG 피로 임계치는 초기 마츠모토 동료 (19)에 의해 사용되었다. 최근 거피 외. 브리스 코 (20)와 외. 8 deVries 외. (14)의 방법 및 마츠모토 등의 용어를 사용L. (19)는 운영 체제 근전도 피로 임계 값을 정의 할 수 있습니다. 나아가, 우리는 용어 EMG 피로 임계 값을 사용할 것을 권장한다. 따라서, 시간 관계 대 EMG 진폭은 각각의 전력 출력에 대한 플롯 팅하고 선형 회귀 분석을 (도 1)를 사용하여 분석 하였다. EMG 피로 임계 비 유의 (p&gt; 0.05) 기울기와 상당한과 최저 전력 출력과 높은 전력 출력 견적 (p를 &lt;0.05) 경사가 식별 된 후, 평균 14을 산출한다. 이 프로토콜은, 간단하고 편리하며 15-20 분 이내에 완료된다. 또한, 증가 속도는 습관적 신체 활동 개인의 레벨에 기초하여 변조 될 수 있으므로, 임상 설정에서의 응용 가능성을 갖는다.

<table><tbody><tr><td>839 E Monark cycle ergometer&amp;nbsp;</td><td>Monark Exercise AB</td><td>839 E</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Heart rate monitor</td><td>Polar</td><td>Polar H1</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Laptop</td><td>Dell Inspiron</td><td>varies</td><td>any laptop computer with USB slots should work.</td></tr><tr><td>EMG amplifiers</td><td>BioPac Systems, Inc.</td><td>100B</td><td>100C are the latest version</td></tr><tr><td>Disposable EMG electrodes</td><td>BioPac Systems, Inc.</td><td>EL-500</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Sandpaper</td><td>Home Depot</td><td>9 inch x 11 inch 60 Grit course no-slip grip Advanced Sandpaper (3-Pack)</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>

determining the electromyographic fatigue threshold following a single visit exercise test

이론적으로, 근전도 (EMG)의 피로도 한계치가 개별 EMG 진폭의 증가와 관련된 더 많은 운동 단위를 채용 할 필요없이 불명확하게 유지할 수있는 운동 강도이다. 다른 프로토콜은 근전도 피로 임계 값을 추정하는 데 사용되었지만 그들은 임상 설정에 대한 비현실적있는 여러 방문을 필요로한다. 여기서 우리는 하나의 방문이 필요 사이클 ergometry에 대한 근전도 피로 임계 값을 추정하는 프로토콜을 제시한다. 이 프로토콜은 그러므로, 임상 의사가 처방 운동에 사용할 수있는 도구로 번역 될 수있는 가능성을 갖고, 간단하고 편리하며 15-20 분 이내에 완료된다.

도 1에 도시 된 바와 같이, 하나의 참가자에 대해, 완료된 각각의 전력 출력은 광근 근육을 lateralis위한 EMG 진폭을 나타내는 6 개의 데이터 포인트를 갖는다. 상당한과 최저 전력 출력 (p &lt;0.05) 경사면이 참가자 EMG 위해, 따라서 225 W.를 반면 따라서,이 예에서, 비 - 유의 (p&gt; 0.05)의 기울기와 최대 전력 출력이 200 와트 EMG의 피로도 한계치 후 통계 추론을 수행 할 수있는 각?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test at JoVE.com

Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test

This protocol describes the electromyographic fatigue threshold which demarcates between nonfatiguing and fatiguing exercise workloads. This information could be used to develop a more individualized training program.

단일 방문 연습 시험을 다음과 근전도 피로 임계 값 결정

Theoretically, the electromyographic (EMG) fatigue threshold is the exercise intensity an individual can maintain indefinitely without the need to recruit ...

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12.5K 조회수.  Wayne State University. This protocol describes the electromyographic fatigue threshold which demarcates between nonfatiguing and fatiguing exercise workloads. This information could be used to develop a more individualized training program.

비디오: Determining The Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold Following a Single Visit Exercise Test

Utilizing Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation to Study the Human Neuromuscular System

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been in use for more than 20 years 1, and has grown exponentially in popularity over the past decade. While the use of TMS has expanded to the study of many systems and processes during this time, the original application and perhaps one of the most common uses of TMS involves studying the physiology, plasticity and function of the human neuromuscular system. Single pulse TMS applied to the motor cortex excites pyramidal neurons transsynaptically 2 (Figure 1) and results in a measurable electromyographic response that can be used to study and evaluate the integrity and excitability of the corticospinal tract in humans 3. Additionally, recent advances in magnetic stimulation now allows for partitioning of cortical versus spinal excitability 4,5. For example, paired-pulse TMS can be used to assess intracortical facilitatory and inhibitory properties by combining a conditioning stimulus and a test stimulus at different interstimulus intervals 3,4,6-8. In this video article we will demonstrate the methodological and technical aspects of these techniques. Specifically, we will demonstrate single-pulse and paired-pulse TMS techniques as applied to the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) muscle as well as the erector spinae (ES) musculature. Our laboratory studies the FCR muscle as it is of interest to our research on the effects of wrist-hand cast immobilization on reduced muscle performance6,9, and we study the ES muscles due to these muscles clinical relevance as it relates to low back pain8. With this stated, we should note that TMS has been used to study many muscles of the hand, arm and legs, and should iterate that our demonstrations in the FCR and ES muscle groups are only selected examples of TMS being used to study the human neuromuscular system.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive tool to gain insight on the physiology and function of the human nervous system. Here, we present our TMS techniques to study cortical excitability of the upper limb and lumbar musculature.

인간 신경근육학 시스템을 공부하기 Transcranial 자기 자극을 활용

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been in use for more than 20 years 1, and has grown exponentially in popularity over the past decade.  While ...

연구

의학

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

During motor behaviour, humans interact with the environment by for example manipulating objects and this is only possible because sensory feedback is constantly integrated into the central nervous system and these sensory inputs need to be weighted in order meet the task specific goals. Additional feedback presented as augmented feedback was shown to have an impact on motor control and motor learning. A number of studies investigated whether force or position feedback has an influence on motor control and neural activation. However, as in the previous studies the presentation of the force and position feedback was always identical, a recent study assessed whether not only the content but also the interpretation of the feedback has an influence on the time to fatigue of a sustained submaximal contraction and the (inhibitory) activity of the primary motor cortex using subthreshold transcranial magnetic stimulation. This paper describes one possible way to investigate the influence of the interpretation of feedback on motor behaviour by investigating the time to fatigue of submaximal sustained contractions together with the neuromuscular adaptations that can be investigated using surface EMG. Furthermore, the current protocol also describes how motor cortical (inhibitory) activity can be investigated using subthreshold TMS, a method known to act solely on the cortical level. The results show that when participants interpret the feedback as position feedback, they display a significantly shorter time to fatigue of a submaximal sustained contraction. Furthermore, subjects also displayed an increased inhibitory activity of the primary cortex when they believed to receive position feedback compared when they believed to receive force feedback. Accordingly, the results show that interpretation of feedback results in differences on a behavioural level (time to fatigue) that is also reflected in interpretation-specific differences in the amount of inhibitory M1 activity.

Controlling an identical movement with position or force feedback results in different neural activation and motor behavior. This protocol describes how to investigate behavioral changes by looking at neuromuscular fatigue and how to evaluate motor cortical (inhibitory) activity using subthreshold TMS with respect to the interpretation of augmented feedback.

인간의 힘과 위치 제어 - 증강 피드백의 역할

During motor behaviour, humans interact with the environment by for example manipulating objects and this is only possible because sensory feedback is ...

행동분석학

Measuring the Motor Aspect of Cancer-Related Fatigue using a Handheld Dynamometer

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is commonly reported by patients both during and after receiving treatment for cancer. Current CRF diagnoses rely on self-report questionnaires which are subject to report and recall biases. Objective measurements using a handheld dynamometer, or handgrip device, have been shown in recent studies to correlate significantly with subjective self-reported fatigue scores. However, variations of both the handgrip fatigue test and fatigue index calculations exist in the literature. The lack of standardized methods limits the utilization of the handgrip fatigue test in the clinical and research settings. In this study, we provide detailed methods for administering the physical fatigue test and calculating the fatigue index. These methods should supplement existing self-reported fatigue questionnaires and help clinicians assess fatigue symptom severity in an objective and quantitative manner.

Simple and accessible methods were developed to measure the motor aspect of cancer-related fatigue objectively and quantitatively. We describe, in detail, ways to administer the physical fatigue test using a simple handgrip device as well as methods to calculate fatigue indices.

핸드헬드 동력계를 사용하여 암 관련 피로의 모터 측면 측정

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is commonly reported by patients both during and after receiving treatment for cancer. Current CRF diagnoses rely on ...

암 연구학

Standing Neurophysiological Assessment of Lower Extremity Muscles Post-Stroke

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a common tool used to measure the behavior of motor circuits in healthy and neurologically impaired populations. TMS is used extensively to study motor control and the response to neurorehabilitation of the upper extremities. However, TMS has been less utilized in the study of lower extremity postural and walking-specific motor control. The limited use and the additional methodological challenges of lower extremity TMS assessments have contributed to the lack of consistency in lower extremity TMS procedures within the literature. Inspired by the decreased ability to record lower extremity TMS motor evoked potentials (MEP), this methodological report details steps to enable post-stroke TMS assessments in a standing posture. The standing posture allows for the activation of the neuromuscular system, reflecting a state more akin to the system's state during postural and walking tasks. Using dual-top force plates, we instructed participants to equally distribute their weight between their paretic and non-paretic legs. Visual feedback of the participants' weight distribution was provided. Using image guidance software, we delivered single TMS pulses via a double-cone coil to the participants' lesioned and non-lesioned hemispheres and measured the corticomotor response of the paretic and non-paretic tibialis anterior and soleus muscles. Performing assessments in the standing position increased the TMS response rate and allowed for the use of the lower stimulation intensities compared to the standard sitting/resting position. Utilization of this TMS protocol can provide a common approach to assess the lower extremity corticomotor response post-stroke when the neurorehabilitation of postural and gait impairments are of interest.

This protocol describes the process for performing a neurophysiological assessment of the lower extremity muscles, tibialis anterior and soleus, in a standing position using TMS in people post-stroke. This position provides a greater probability of eliciting a post-stroke TMS response and allows for the use of reduced stimulator power during neurophysiological assessments.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a common tool used to measure the behavior of motor circuits in healthy and neurologically impaired ...

Quantifying Arms and Legs Contributions during Repetitive Electrically-Assisted Sit-To-Stand Exercise in Paraplegics: A Pilot Study

Execution of Sit-to-Stand (SitTS) in incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) patients involves motor function in both upper and lower extremities. The use of arm support, in particular, is a significant assistive factor while executing SitTS movement in SCI population. In addition, the application of functional electrical stimulation (FES) onto quadriceps and gluteus maximus muscles is one of the prescribed management for incomplete SCI to improve muscle action for simple lower limb movements. However, the relative contribution of upper and lower extremities during SitTS has not been thoroughly investigated. Two motor incomplete SCI paraplegics performed repetitive SitTS to fatigue exercise challenge. Their performance was investigated as a mixed-method case-control study comparing SitTS with and without the assistance of FES. Three sets of SitTS tests were completed with 5-min resting period allocated in between sets, with mechanomyography (MMG) sensors attached over the rectus femoris muscles bilaterally. The exercise was separated into 2 sessions; Day 1 for voluntary SitTS and Day 2 for FES-assisted SitTS. Questionnaires were conducted after every session to gather the participants&#39; input about their repetitive SitTS experience. The analysis confirmed that a SitTS cycle could be divided into three phases; Phase 1 (Preparation to stand), Phase 2 (Seat-off), and Phase 3 (Initiation of hip extension), which contributed to 23% &#177; 7%, 16% &#177; 4% and 61% &#177; 6% of the SitTS cycle, respectively. The contribution of arms and legs during SitTS movement varied in different participants based on their legs&#39; Medical Research Council (MRC) muscle grade. In particular, the applied arm forces start to increase clearly when the leg forces start to decline during standing. This finding is supported by the significantly reduced MMG signal indicating leg muscle fatigue and their reported feeling of tiredness.

Arms contribution in Sit-To-Stand (SitTS) is determined by the legs' muscle condition. Several compensating strategies were discovered in efforts to achieve complete SitTS cycles. These findings triangulate the spinal cord injury (SCI) persons' biomechanical measures with their subjective feeling of load borne by both their limbs throughout the SitTS approaches.

하반신 마비 환자에서 반복적인 전기 보조 기립 운동 중 팔과 다리 기여도 정량화: 파일럿 연구

Execution of Sit-to-Stand (SitTS) in incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) patients involves motor function in both upper and lower extremities. The use of ...

공학

Assessment of Neuromuscular Function Using Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a non-invasive method commonly used to evaluate neuromuscular function from brain to muscle (supra-spinal, spinal and peripheral levels). The present protocol describes how this method can be used to stimulate the posterior tibial nerve that activates plantar flexor muscles. Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation consists of inducing an electrical stimulus to a motor nerve to evoke a muscular response. Direct (M-wave) and/or indirect (H-reflex) electrophysiological responses can be recorded at rest using surface electromyography. Mechanical (twitch torque) responses can be quantified with a force/torque ergometer. M-wave and twitch torque reflect neuromuscular transmission and excitation-contraction coupling, whereas H-reflex provides an index of spinal excitability. EMG activity and mechanical (superimposed twitch) responses can also be recorded during maximal voluntary contractions to evaluate voluntary activation level. Percutaneous nerve stimulation provides an assessment of neuromuscular function in humans, and is highly beneficial especially for studies evaluating neuromuscular plasticity following acute (fatigue) or chronic (training/detraining) exercise.

We present a protocol to assess changes in neuromuscular function. Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a non-invasive method that evokes muscular responses. Electrophysiological and mechanical properties of these responses permit the evaluation of neuromuscular function from brain to muscle (supra-spinal, spinal and peripheral levels).

경피적 전기 신경 자극을 사용하여 신경 근육 기능의 평가

Percutaneous electrical nerve stimulation is a non-invasive method commonly used to evaluate neuromuscular function from brain to muscle (supra-spinal, ...

신경과학

Measuring Neuromuscular Junction Functionality

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) functionality plays a pivotal role when studying diseases in which the communication between motor neuron and muscle is impaired, such as aging and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here we describe an experimental protocol that can be used to measure NMJ functionality by combining two types of electrical stimulation: direct muscle membrane stimulation and the stimulation through the nerve. The comparison of the muscle response to these two different stimulations can help to define, at the functional level, potential alterations in the NMJ that lead to functional decline in muscle.
Ex vivo preparations are suited to well-controlled studies. Here we describe an intensive protocol to measure several parameters of muscle and NMJ functionality for the soleus-sciatic nerve preparation and for the diaphragm-phrenic nerve preparation. The protocol lasts approximately 60 min and is conducted uninterruptedly by means of a custom-made software that measures the twitch kinetics properties, the force-frequency relationship for both muscle and nerve stimulations, and two parameters specific to NMJ functionality, i.e. neurotransmission failure and intratetanic fatigue. This methodology was used to detect damages in soleus and diaphragm muscle-nerve preparations by using SOD1G93A transgenic mouse, an experimental model of ALS that ubiquitously overexpresses the mutant antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1).

A functional assessment of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) can provide essential information on the communication between muscle and nerve. Here we describe a protocol to comprehensively evaluate both the NMJ and muscle functionality using two different muscle-nerve preparations, i.e. soleus-sciatic and diaphragm-phrenic.

Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) functionality plays a pivotal role when studying diseases in which the communication between motor neuron and muscle is ...

Ex Vivo Assessment of Contractility, Fatigability and Alternans in Isolated Skeletal Muscles

Described here is a method to measure contractility of isolated skeletal muscles. Parameters such as muscle force, muscle power, contractile kinetics, fatigability, and recovery after fatigue can be obtained to assess specific aspects of the excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) process such as excitability, contractile machinery and Ca2+ handling ability. This method removes the nerve and blood supply and focuses on the isolated skeletal muscle itself. We routinely use this method to identify genetic components that alter the contractile property of skeletal muscle though modulating Ca2+ signaling pathways. Here, we describe a newly identified skeletal muscle phenotype, i.e., mechanic alternans, as an example of the various and rich information that can be obtained using the in vitro muscle contractility assay. Combination of this assay with single cell assays, genetic approaches and biochemistry assays can provide important insights into the mechanisms of ECC in skeletal muscle.

Ex Vivo Assessment of Contractility, Fatigability and Alternans in Isolated Skeletal Muscles

We describe a method to directly measure muscle force, muscle power, contractile kinetics and fatigability of isolated skeletal muscles in an in vitro system using field stimulation. Valuable information on Ca2+ handling properties and contractile machinery of the muscle can be obtained using different stimulating protocols.

절연 골격근의 수축성, Fatigability 및 Alternans의 예 VIVO 평가

 
Described here is a method to measure contractility of isolated skeletal muscles. Parameters such as muscle force, muscle power, contractile kinetics, ...

생물학

Conducting Maximal and Submaximal Endurance Exercise Testing to Measure Physiological and Biological Responses to Acute Exercise in Humans

Regular physical activity has a positive effect on human health, but the mechanisms controlling these effects remain unclear. The physiologic and biologic responses to acute exercise are predominantly influenced by the duration and intensity of the exercise regimen. As exercise is increasingly thought of as a therapeutic treatment and/or diagnostic tool, it is important that standardizable methodologies be utilized to understand the variability and to increase the reproducibility of exercise outputs and measurements of responses to such regimens. To that end, we describe two different cycling exercise regimens that yield different physiologic outputs. In a maximal exercise test, exercise intensity is continually increased with a greater workload resulting in an increasing cardiopulmonary and metabolic response (heart rate, stroke volume, ventilation, oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production). In contrast, during endurance exercise tests, the demand is increased from that at rest, but is raised to a fixed submaximal exercise intensity resulting in a cardiopulmonary and metabolic response that typically plateaus. Along with the protocols, we provide suggestions on measuring physiologic outputs that include, but are not limited to, heart rate, slow and forced vital capacity, gas exchange metrics, and blood pressure to enable the comparison of exercise outputs between studies. Biospecimens can then be sampled to assess cellular, protein, and/or gene expression responses. Overall, this approach can be easily adapted into both short- and long-term effects of two distinct exercise regimens.

To assess the influence of exercise intensity on physiologic and biologic responses, two different exercise testing protocols were utilized. Methods outlining exercise testing on a cycle ergometer as an incremental maximal oxygen consumption test and endurance, steady state submaximal endurance test are described.

최대한 하 고 Submaximal 지구력 운동 인간에서 급성 운동 생리 및 생물학 응답을 측정 하기 위해 테스트를 실시

Regular physical activity has a positive effect on human health, but the mechanisms controlling these effects remain unclear. The physiologic and biologic ...

Determining the Functional Status of the Corticospinal Tract Within One Week of Stroke

High interindividual variability in the recovery of upper limb (UL) function after stroke means it is difficult to predict an individual&#39;s potential for recovery based on clinical assessments alone. The functional integrity of the corticospinal tract is an important prognostic biomarker for recovery of UL function, particularly for those with severe initial UL impairment. This article presents a protocol for evaluating corticospinal tract function within 1 week of stroke. This protocol can be used to select and stratify patients in trials of interventions designed to improve UL motor recovery and outcomes after stroke. The protocol also forms part of the PREP2 algorithm, which predicts UL function for individual patients 3 months poststroke. The algorithm sequentially combines a UL strength assessment, age, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and stroke severity, within a few days of the stroke. The benefits of using PREP2 in clinical practice are described elsewhere. This article focuses on the use of a UL strength assessment and transcranial magnetic stimulation to evaluate corticospinal tract function.

This protocol is for evaluating corticospinal tract function within 1 week of stroke. It can be used to select and stratify patients in trials of interventions designed to improve upper limb motor recovery and outcomes and in clinical practice for predicting upper limb functional outcomes 3 months after stroke.

뇌졸중 1 주일 이내에 코르티코 척수의 기능 상태 결정

High interindividual variability in the recovery of upper limb (UL) function after stroke means it is difficult to predict an individual&#39;s potential ...